WO2018228743A1 - Procédé de revêtement d'une surface d'un composant par projection thermique - Google Patents

Procédé de revêtement d'une surface d'un composant par projection thermique Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2018228743A1
WO2018228743A1 PCT/EP2018/060148 EP2018060148W WO2018228743A1 WO 2018228743 A1 WO2018228743 A1 WO 2018228743A1 EP 2018060148 W EP2018060148 W EP 2018060148W WO 2018228743 A1 WO2018228743 A1 WO 2018228743A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
coating
plasma
specific enthalpy
gas
varying
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2018/060148
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Martin Dechant
Christopher Degel
Jens-Erich DÖRING
Jakub Zielinski
Dimitrios Zois
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2018228743A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018228743A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/123—Spraying molten metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/129—Flame spraying
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C4/00—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge
    • C23C4/12—Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying
    • C23C4/134—Plasma spraying

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for coating a surface of a component by means of thermal spraying.
  • Surface coatings on components can be produced by thermal spraying techniques. In this case, additional materials, so-called. Spray particles, inside or outside of a spray burner on or melted, accelerated in a gas stream and thrown onto the surface of the component to be coated. The component surface is not melted and only slightly thermally stressed. When hitting the component surface, the spray particles remain adhered to the surface, so that the surface coating can be formed in layers.
  • the achievable properties of the coating such. Their adhesion, surface morphology (eg roughness), porosity, density, phase composition, hardness, modulus of elasticity or layer thickness are significantly influenced by the temperature and the speed of the spray particles at the time of their impact on the surface to be coated , The surface condition of the surface to be coated, z. As their purity, activation state or temperature, also exerts a significant influence on the properties of the resulting coating.
  • Thermal spraying processes are primarily used to apply coatings of metals, oxide-ceramic materials and / or carbidic materials to metallic or non-metallic components.
  • the energy for heating and accelerating the spray particles may, for. B. provided by means of a plasma jet become.
  • the associated coating method is referred to in this case as plasma spraying.
  • a plasma torch For plasma spraying, a plasma torch is used which has an anode and at least one cathode. DC voltage creates an arc between anode and cathode. A working gas flowing through the plasma torch is passed through the arc and thereby ionized, so that a very hot, electrically conductive gas of positive ions and electrons (plasma stream) is formed.
  • a working gas for example, argon, hydrogen, helium, nitrogen or mixtures of the gases mentioned can be used.
  • the spray particles For plasma flow, the spray particles, possibly by means of a carrier gas, fed and thereby on or melted.
  • the plasma stream entrains the spray particles and hurls them at the component to be coated, where they are deposited to form the coating.
  • This can be designed as water cooling.
  • Another thermal spraying method is the high-speed flame spraying, in which by combustion of a gaseous fuel such. As propane, ethylene, butane, acetylene, hydrogen, or a liquid fuel such.
  • a gaseous fuel such as propane, ethylene, butane, acetylene, hydrogen, or a liquid fuel such.
  • B. diesel or kerosene in a cooled combustion chamber with downstream expansion nozzle, a gas flow at high speed is formed. Combustion can either take place under high velocity oxygen fuel (HVOF) or high velocity air fuel (HVAF).
  • HVOF high velocity oxygen fuel
  • HVAC high velocity air fuel
  • Spray particles are either supplied to the combustion chamber or in the region of the expansion nozzle, accelerated, transported in the direction of the component to be coated and deposited on its surface.
  • DE deposition efficiency
  • the electrodes, in particular the cathodes, of a plasma torch are subject to wear (wear) in the course of their use. Such wear usually leads to a deterioration in the performance of the electrodes.
  • the wear of the electrodes is u. a. depending on the Pias malistung, which is used for the coating process. If the required plasma power is high, rapid erosion of the electrodes can be observed. This can cause the electrodes to be replaced after a few hours of use. Due to the wear and deterioration of the performance of the electrodes, the voltage of the arc and thus the plasma power may change. This can reduce the efficiency of the coating process and affect coating properties. This may be reflected in a decrease in the order efficiency.
  • the wear also changes the geometry of the tip of the cathodes, as material is removed from the cathode tip during the coating process.
  • the chemical composition of the material at the cathode tip changes.
  • the anode channel can also erode. This can affect the formation of the arc, which can be determined by changing the voltage.
  • the changes described may affect the coating to be applied and, for example, lead to changes in the properties of the coating. With others In other words, there is a risk that the resulting coating does not have the desired properties, eg. B. that no homogeneous coating is obtained on the component.
  • the parameters of the plasma torch z. As the voltage of the arc, and parameters of the coating process, for. As the order efficiency, hold as constant as possible over a certain period of operation and thus to achieve a homogeneous coating on the component, in the prior art, the current and / or the plasma torch supplied power of the working gas, eg. As the flow of gaseous hydrogen changed.
  • the voltage of the plasma-generating arc can be influenced.
  • the current intensity By changing the order efficiency, the order efficiency can be influenced.
  • z. B. the order efficiency controlled or regulated, z. B. be kept constant, by the current level is set.
  • Both the adjustment of the current intensity and the gas flow to working gas can thus be used to at least approximately set parameters of the coating process and thus also properties of the coating and to keep them as constant as possible in the course of a coating process using the same plasma torch.
  • the coating rate ie, the layer thickness of the coating that can be achieved per unit time. If the current intensity is increased to compensate for a voltage drop due to wear of the electrodes in order to keep the application efficiency constant, this can lead to overheating of the spray particles, which ultimately influences the porosity and microstructure of the resulting coating.
  • the change of the current intensity and / or the gas inflow may lead to a change in the temperature and the velocity profile of the plasma, which u. a. brings a non-reproducible heating of the spray particles with it.
  • the quality of the coating and repeatability of the coating process can not be guaranteed.
  • Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a way with the specifiable properties of a thermal spraying, z. B. by plasma spraying or high-speed flame spraying, applied to a component coating can be achieved. For example, consistent characteristics
  • the invention is based on the idea that coating by thermal spraying, z. Example by means of plasma spraying or high-speed flame spraying, taking into account the specific enthalpy of the gas stream generated, d. H. the energy contained in the gas stream (especially heat energy), based on the mass of the gas stream to perform.
  • the specific enthalpy can be set, ie z. B. changed or kept constant to parameters of the coating process, for. For example, to control the order efficiency, and / or coating properties.
  • the specific enthalpy can also serve as a manipulated variable in a regulation of the coating properties (controlled variable).
  • the use of the specific enthalpy as a reference variable for the coating process is a significantly more meaningful parameter than the parameters previously used for process control, such. B. tension or order efficiency.
  • the monitoring of the specific enthalpy during the coating process can advantageously be sufficient, whereas according to the prior art, a large number of parameters had to be monitored.
  • the specific enthalpy of the generated plasma stream can be utilized.
  • the specific enthalpy of the fuel-generated gas flow can be taken into account. This also makes it possible to take into account the cooling performance of the cooling device of the plasma torch during plasma spraying or the combustion chamber during high-speed flame spraying and their effects on the coating method and the resulting coating.
  • a gas flow in which a gas flow is generated, spray particles are melted or melted and transported by means of the gas flow to the surface of the component and on the surface of the component to form a coating are determined, the specific enthalpy of the gas flow determined and properties of the coating are controlled by means of a setting of the specific enthalpy.
  • the specific enthalpy can be regarded as a collective quantity which can be varied in order to achieve predefinable coating properties. It can in turn be adjusted by influencing the enthalpy influencing parameters, such.
  • the thermal spraying can be carried out as plasma spraying by using a plasma burner cooled by a cooling device from a working gas, a plasma stream is generated as a gas stream.
  • thermal spraying may be carried out as high velocity flame spraying by burning a fuel composition in a combustor cooled by a cooling device to produce a high velocity gas stream.
  • the specific enthalpy can then be determined by determining the ratio of energy to mass of the gas.
  • the energy produced may be derived from the combustion enthalpy of the combustion reaction.
  • the energy introduced is the output of the plasma torch (the product of the current and the voltage of the arc).
  • the energy emitted by cooling can be calorimetrically determined or calculated from the product of the mass flow rate of the cooling medium, the specific heat capacity of the cooling medium and the temperature difference between the cooling medium and the gas flow.
  • the plasma torch When the plasma torch is considered to be an ohmic resistance heater, with a constant specific enthalpy of the plasma stream a constant temperature and a constant velocity profile of the plasma can be assumed so that the spray particles are reproducibly heated and accelerated and finally reproducible coating properties result.
  • the specific enthalpy can be used to control or regulate the properties of the coating.
  • the specific enthalpy can be used for process control in order to obtain predefinable and possibly constant coating properties.
  • the specific enthalpy can also be used in order to speed flame spraying the desired coating properties can be adjusted easily and inexpensively.
  • the thermal spraying can be provided as a plasma spraying, the specific enthalpy by varying the plasma power and / or variation of the mass flow rate of the gas stream and / or variation of the composition of the working gas, eg. For example, the hydrogen content of the working gas, set.
  • the specific enthalpy of the plasma power and the mass flow rate of the gas stream and the composition of the working gas can be determined.
  • the plasma power can be adjusted by varying the current intensity and / or voltage of the plasma torch and / or the cooling capacity of the cooling device.
  • the plasma power can be determined from the current intensity and voltage of the plasma torch and the cooling capacity of the cooling device. The following applies: with asma plasma power
  • the specific enthalpy can be kept constant of the gas stream. It is thus possible to keep the specific enthalpy constant over the lifetime of the electrodes.
  • the process control of the coating process can be significantly improved.
  • the specific enthalpy can also be used to build with identical plasma torches, z.
  • the parameters of the plasma torch and the coating process can be adjusted so that a certain specific enthalpy results.
  • high-velocity flame spraying may be provided to adjust the specific enthalpy by varying the cooling capacity of the cooling device and / or varying the mass flow rate of the fuel and / or varying the fuel composition.
  • the specific enthalpy can be determined from the combustion enthalpy of the fuel composition, the cooling capacity of the cooling device and the mass flow rate of the fuel.
  • the specific enthalpy can be influenced and adjusted to the desired size by changing the cooling capacity, the mass flow rate of the fuel or the fuel composition, which has an effect on the combustion enthalpy.
  • the specific enthalpy can be kept constant. Due to the direct relationship between specific enthalpy and coating properties, homogeneous coating properties can be achieved.
  • the adhesion as a property of the coating, the adhesion, roughness, porosity, density, phase composition, hardness, modulus of elasticity and / or
  • Layer thickness is controlled. Among other things, for these own shafts there is a direct relationship to the specific enthalpy of the gas flow.
  • the surface of a gas turbine component for. As a guide or rotor blade of a gas turbine, are coated.
  • Such components are exposed to high, in particular thermal loads. They are therefore usually associated with ner oxidation protection layer and / or corrosion protection layer and / or thermal barrier layer coated.
  • a particularly homogeneous coating is necessary. For example, even the smallest imperfections in the coating can lead to rapid oxidation and / or corrosion or impairment due to excessive thermal load.
  • the invention enables the creation of such particularly homogeneous coatings.
  • FIG. 3 Relationship between output power, hydrogen content of the working gas and specific enthalpy in a plasma spraying process.
  • All exemplary embodiments relate to methods for coating a surface of a component by means of thermal spraying, the thermal spraying being carried out as plasma spraying.
  • Figures 1 and 2 show the dependence of the specific enthalpy of the plasma stream and the voltage of the current ( Figure 1) and the hydrogen content in the working gas ( Figure 2), wherein the working gas is otherwise made of argon.
  • the specific enthalpy can be determined at least by means of a variation of the composition of the working gas, i. H. be set in the embodiment by varying the hydrogen content, and the current. The determination of the specific enthalpy can be done directly on the
  • Measurement of the coating device based on the output power (voltage x current), the power loss due to cooling (cooling capacity) and the mass flow rate of the gas flow.
  • the determined value of the specific enthalpy can be displayed directly on the measuring stand on a display device.
  • the energy content of the plasma stream ie the specific enthalpy of the plasma stream
  • the energy content of the plasma stream is kept as constant as possible. From FIG. 3 it can be seen that a specific specific enthalpy can be achieved in different ways, ie by different combinations of the parameters influencing the specific enthalpy.
  • the values entered for output power, ie the product of voltage and current intensity, and hydrogen content in the working gas (remainder argon) are each to be regarded as associated value pairs.
  • a specific enthalpy of about 14.8 kJ / g can be achieved, for example, by an output power of 34.5 kW and a hydrogen content of about 1.2% by weight.
  • the specific enthalpy can be used as a reliable parameter of the coating process to influence the properties of the resulting coating. If homogeneous coating properties are to be achieved, the specific enthalpy should be kept as constant as possible. This can, as is apparent from Fig. 3, take place in different ways, for. B. by the output power and / or the hydrogen content in the working gas, d. H. the composition of the working gas, be varied.
  • the specific enthalpy of the gas stream can be used as a manipulated variable in a thermal spraying process, for. In a plasma spraying process.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de revêtement d'une surface d'un composant par projection thermique, dans lequel un flux de gaz est généré, des particules pulvérisées sont transportées sous forme fondue et au moyen du flux de gaz vers la surface du composant et sont déposées sur la surface du composant pour former un revêtement, l'enthalpie spécifique du flux de gaz étant déterminée et les propriétés du revêtement étant commandées par un réglage de l'enthalpie spécifique.
PCT/EP2018/060148 2017-06-12 2018-04-20 Procédé de revêtement d'une surface d'un composant par projection thermique WO2018228743A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102017209842.2 2017-06-12
DE102017209842.2A DE102017209842A1 (de) 2017-06-12 2017-06-12 Verfahren zum Beschichten einer Oberfläche eines Bauteils mittels thermischen Spritzens

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018228743A1 true WO2018228743A1 (fr) 2018-12-20

Family

ID=62217938

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2018/060148 WO2018228743A1 (fr) 2017-06-12 2018-04-20 Procédé de revêtement d'une surface d'un composant par projection thermique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102017209842A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018228743A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019200761A1 (de) * 2019-01-22 2020-07-23 TRUMPF Hüttinger GmbH + Co. KG Verfahren zur Kompensation von Prozessschwankungen eines Plasmaprozesses und Regler für einen Leistungsgenerator zur Versorgung eines Plasmaprozesses

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0455812A1 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1991-11-13 Leningradsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni M.I.Kalinina Procede de pulverisation au gas-plasma de revetements metalliques
EP1479788A1 (fr) * 2003-05-23 2004-11-24 Sulzer Metco AG Procédé hybride thermique pour le dépôt d'un revêtment sur un substrat
EP1911858A1 (fr) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-16 Sulzer Metco AG Procédé de fabrication d'un revêtement à structure colonnaire
EP1988185A1 (fr) * 2007-04-25 2008-11-05 Sulzer Metco AG Procédé informatique destiné au réglage de paramètres spécifiques aux particules dans un processus thermique de vaporisation

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3658572A (en) * 1968-11-05 1972-04-25 Westinghouse Electric Corp Pyrolytic coatings of molybdenum sulfide by plasma jet technique
US3958097A (en) * 1974-05-30 1976-05-18 Metco, Inc. Plasma flame-spraying process employing supersonic gaseous streams
WO2003087422A1 (fr) * 2002-04-12 2003-10-23 Sulzer Metco Ag Procede de projection au plasma
CA2460296C (fr) * 2003-05-23 2012-02-14 Sulzer Metco Ag Methode hybride de revetement de substrat par enduction thermique
EP2030669B1 (fr) * 2007-08-16 2014-04-02 Sulzer Metco AG Procédé pour la fabrication d'une membrane perméable à l'hydrogène tout comme membrane perméable à l'hydrogène

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0455812A1 (fr) * 1989-12-01 1991-11-13 Leningradsky Politekhnichesky Institut Imeni M.I.Kalinina Procede de pulverisation au gas-plasma de revetements metalliques
EP1479788A1 (fr) * 2003-05-23 2004-11-24 Sulzer Metco AG Procédé hybride thermique pour le dépôt d'un revêtment sur un substrat
EP1911858A1 (fr) * 2006-10-02 2008-04-16 Sulzer Metco AG Procédé de fabrication d'un revêtement à structure colonnaire
EP1988185A1 (fr) * 2007-04-25 2008-11-05 Sulzer Metco AG Procédé informatique destiné au réglage de paramètres spécifiques aux particules dans un processus thermique de vaporisation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102017209842A1 (de) 2018-12-13

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP1495151B1 (fr) Procede de projection au plasma
EP3194635B1 (fr) Dispositif de formation de revêtements de surfaces d'un élément, d'un matériau en forme de bande ou d'un outil
EP2439306A1 (fr) Procédé destiné à la fabrication d'un montage de couche d'isolation thermique
DE19741961A1 (de) Bauteil, insbesondere Gasturbinenschaufel, mit einer Wärmedämmschicht sowie Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Herstellung einer Wärmedämmschicht
EP2468925A2 (fr) Procédé de fabrication d'un montage de couche d'isolation thermique
EP2631327A1 (fr) Procédé d'application d'une couche isolante
EP2795657A1 (fr) Dispositif pour générer un plasma de décharge d'arc à cathode creuse
EP2159821A2 (fr) Dispositif de revêtement destiné au revêtement d'un substrat et procédé de revêtement d'un substrat
EP1135540B1 (fr) Procede et dispositif pour le nettoyage d'un produit
EP0532134B1 (fr) Procédé et appareil pour revêter un substrat avec un polymère résistant à la chaleur
AT514555A4 (de) Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung eines Plasmastrahls
DE19535078B4 (de) Überwachung und Regelung von thermischen Spritzverfahren
DE102009004581A1 (de) Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Lichtbogendrahtspritzen
DE19881726B4 (de) Verfahren zum Sprühen von Plasma
WO2018228743A1 (fr) Procédé de revêtement d'une surface d'un composant par projection thermique
DE4401986A1 (de) Verfahren zum Betreiben eines Vakuumlichtbogenverdampfers und Stromversorgungseinrichtung dafür
EP2427585A1 (fr) Procédé de revêtement d'un support et support doté d'un revêtement
EP2711441B1 (fr) Dispositif et procédé destinés à la production d'un système de couches
DE10223865B4 (de) Verfahren zur Plasmabeschichtung von Werkstücken
DE1296492B (de) Elektrischer Lichtbogenbrenner, insbesondere Plasma-Lichtbogenbrenner
EP1479788B1 (fr) Procédé hybride thermique pour le dépôt d'un revêtment sur un substrat
Fauchais et al. Transient phenomena in plasma torches and in plasma sprayed coating generation
DE4100541C1 (fr)
Leblanc et al. Study on the long-term stability of plasma spraying
DE102013112809A1 (de) Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gespritzten Zylinderlauffläche eines Zylinderkurbelgehäuses einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine sowie derartiges Zylinderkurbelgehäuse

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 18726064

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 18726064

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1