WO2018228158A1 - 气压发动机 - Google Patents

气压发动机 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018228158A1
WO2018228158A1 PCT/CN2018/088142 CN2018088142W WO2018228158A1 WO 2018228158 A1 WO2018228158 A1 WO 2018228158A1 CN 2018088142 W CN2018088142 W CN 2018088142W WO 2018228158 A1 WO2018228158 A1 WO 2018228158A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
outer ring
intermediate shaft
direct drive
pneumatic engine
rotating outer
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2018/088142
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
许水电
李延福
曾景华
陈智敏
金凯鑫
许涛
潘建臣
陈建明
Original Assignee
传孚科技（厦门）有限公司
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Application filed by 传孚科技（厦门）有限公司 filed Critical 传孚科技（厦门）有限公司
Priority to EP18817701.8A priority Critical patent/EP3640431B1/en
Priority to JP2020519168A priority patent/JP6919069B2/ja
Priority to RU2019137201A priority patent/RU2727821C1/ru
Publication of WO2018228158A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018228158A1/zh
Priority to US16/687,625 priority patent/US11274553B2/en
Priority to ZA2019/07620A priority patent/ZA201907620B/en

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/18—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines without stationary working-fluid guiding means
    • F01D1/22—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines without stationary working-fluid guiding means traversed by the working-fluid substantially radially
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/02—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines with stationary working-fluid guiding means and bladed or like rotor, e.g. multi-bladed impulse steam turbines
    • F01D1/026—Impact turbines with buckets, i.e. impulse turbines, e.g. Pelton turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D1/00—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines
    • F01D1/34—Non-positive-displacement machines or engines, e.g. steam turbines characterised by non-bladed rotor, e.g. with drilled holes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2250/00—Geometry
    • F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
    • F05D2250/25—Three-dimensional helical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an engine, and mainly to a pneumatic engine.
  • Aerodynamic vehicles rely on pneumatic engines to convert pressure energy into mechanical energy that drives the vehicle forward.
  • the early pneumatic engines used a steam engine-like structure, which was bulky and inefficient, and could not meet the actual needs.
  • the current research direction is to develop compact, efficient and reliable small pneumatic engines.
  • At present, in the world, except the United States, the United States, Britain and France are conducting research on pneumatic engines and gas-powered vehicles. Most of them are in the trial and trial stage, and there is no large-scale commercial application.
  • Cida variable pressure jet air engine comprising an impeller chamber and an impeller.
  • the impeller chamber is provided with an injection hole for injecting compressed gas and a discharge hole for discharging compressed gas, and the impeller is mounted on the rotating shaft through the rotating shaft.
  • the impeller includes an air gap matching the inner surface of the impeller chamber along the rotating circumferential surface, and the inner surface of the impeller chamber is further provided with a variable pressure air jet groove, and the air jet groove is transformed between the jet groove and the adjacent injection hole along the rotating direction of the impeller The distance is greater than one tooth pitch, and two working chambers before and after a certain blade tooth communicate through the variable pressure jet groove.
  • variable pressure gas jet groove By providing the variable pressure gas jet groove, the gas injected into the injection hole can be reworked before being ejected from the discharge hole.
  • the purpose of this document is to improve the energy efficiency and power of the engine, but the structure is similar to the vane pump and is inefficient.
  • the setting of the variable pressure jet groove causes the air engine to rotate at a low speed or even unable to rotate.
  • the present invention provides a pneumatic engine in which a compressed gas drives a driving groove of a rotating outer ring through a direct driving force core, generates a thrust to push a rotating outer ring, realizes power output, and has a simple structure and a transmission efficiency. High, endurance, energy saving and environmental protection.
  • a pneumatic engine includes a rotating outer ring, an intermediate shaft and a direct driving force.
  • the rotating outer ring and the direct driving force are coaxially disposed on the intermediate shaft, and the rotating outer ring is opposite to the intermediate shaft and the direct driving force machine.
  • the core shaft is rotated, the intermediate shaft is provided with an air inlet and an air outlet, and the direct driving force core is provided with an intake air flow passage and an air flow passage.
  • the inner ring surface of the rotating outer ring is provided with a plurality of driving grooves, and the compressed gas is from the intermediate shaft.
  • the total air inlet enters is ejected through the intake air passage of the direct drive movement, acts on the driving surface of the outer ring, generates thrust to push the rotating outer ring, and finally the compressed gas returns through the air flow path of the direct drive movement Total air outlet for continuous output of speed and torque.
  • the rotating outer ring is matched with the intermediate shaft through the side plate, and forms a closed space, and the direct driving force core can be hierarchically disposed in the closed space to form a multi-stage power output device.
  • the intake flow path of the direct drive force movement is a spiral extending from the middle to the outside.
  • the intake flow path of the direct drive force movement is a logarithmic spiral extending from the middle to the outside, and the pole of the logarithmic spiral is disposed on the axis of the intermediate shaft, and the logarithmic spiral has a strike angle of 2-15°.
  • the direct drive force movement is provided with more than one intake air flow passage and a corresponding air flow passage.
  • the inner ring surface of the rotating outer ring is provided with two or more driving grooves, each driving groove has a contour bottom surface and a driving surface, and the contour of the bottom surface of the contour is a logarithmic spiral line, and the pole is disposed on the intermediate shaft axis on.
  • the intermediate shaft has at least one total air inlet and one total air outlet, and at least one stepped air inlet and one classified air outlet.
  • the grading air inlet and the direct driving force movement are connected to each other, and the grading air outlet and the direct driving force core communicate with each other.
  • a pneumatic engine assembly includes the above described pneumatic engine.
  • the pneumatic engine of the invention has simple structure, high transmission efficiency and strong endurance capability. It can be widely used in vehicles, power generation equipment, and other fields that require power output devices.
  • Figure 1 is a structural view of a pneumatic engine of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the direct drive force A-A of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the direct drive force B-B of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a multi-stage direct drive force core of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the engine assembly.
  • a pneumatic engine includes a rotating outer ring 1, an intermediate shaft 2, and a direct driving force movement 3.
  • the rotating outer ring 1 and the direct driving force 3 are coaxially disposed on the intermediate shaft 2,
  • the rotating outer ring 1 rotates relative to the intermediate shaft 2 and the direct drive force 3, and the intermediate shaft 2 and the direct drive force 3 are fixed.
  • the intermediate shaft 2 is provided with an air inlet 21 and an air outlet 22, and the direct driving force movement 3 is provided with an intake air passage 31 and an air flow passage 32.
  • the inner ring surface of the rotating outer ring 1 is provided with a plurality of driving grooves 11,
  • the compressed gas enters from the intake port 21 of the intermediate shaft, is ejected through the spiral intake passage 31 of the direct drive force 3, acts on the driving surface a of the rotating outer ring 1, generates a thrust to push the rotating outer ring 1, and finally compresses
  • the gas is returned to the air outlet 22 through the air flow path 32 of the direct drive movement 3 to achieve continuous output of speed and torque.
  • the rotating outer ring 1 is fitted to the intermediate shaft 2 through the left and right baffles 4, 5.
  • the left and right supporting baffles are the side plates of the rotating outer ring 1 of the present invention, and form a closed space, and the direct driving force movement 3 can be hierarchically arranged. In the enclosed space, a multi-stage power output device is formed.
  • the direction of the inlet flow passage 31 of the direct drive movement 3 extending outward from the center is a logarithmic spiral, and the pole of the logarithmic spiral is disposed on the central axis of the intermediate shaft 2, since the logarithmic spiral has a constant pressure angle
  • the characteristic is that the loss of the compressed gas during the injection process is minimized, and the compressed gas can be ensured to act on the driving groove 11 with the same time and thrust, and the transmission is stable.
  • the logarithmic helix strike angle determines the angle at which the compressed gas is injected, the magnitude of which affects the speed at which the outer ring 1 is driven and the moment of rotation.
  • the logarithmic spiral running angle is preferably 2-15°.
  • the logarithmic spiral running angle also determines the number of the driving grooves 11 that the direct driving force 3 injection port 33 acts at the same time.
  • One injection port 33 can drive two driving slots at the same time, or three can be used according to Design is required.
  • Each driving groove 11 has a contour bottom surface b and a driving surface a.
  • the contour line of the contour bottom surface b is a logarithmic spiral line, and the poles are arranged in the middle.
  • the contour of the contour bottom surface b may also be an extension of the inlet flow path 31 of the direct drive force movement 3 as a logarithmic spiral. It is ensured that the driving groove 11 of the rotating outer ring 1 has the same force and the direction of the force is directed to the driving surface a, so that the rotating outer ring 1 is smoothly rotated.
  • the direct drive force movement 3 is provided with more than one intake flow passage and corresponding corresponding air flow passage, and may be two, three, or four or more intake flow passages, and the inner annular surface of the rotating outer ring 1
  • the number of the driving slots 11 is matched, and the airflow path is correspondingly set.
  • the air inlet on the intermediate shaft includes at least one total air inlet and at least one grading air inlet
  • the air outlet includes one total air outlet and at least one grading air outlet.
  • the intermediate shaft has at least one total air inlet and one total air outlet, and at least one classified air inlet and one classified air outlet.
  • the grading air inlet and the direct drive calibre intake air passage are connected, and the grading air outlet and the direct driving force core communicate with each other.
  • the pneumatic engine compressed gas passes through the total intake port of the intermediate shaft 2, enters the stepped intake port, drives the rotating outer ring through the intake flow passage, and then enters the classification outlet port with a small pressure, and finally passes through the total output of the intermediate shaft 2 The port is discharged.
  • the pneumatic engine assembly includes the above described pneumatic engine.
  • a pneumatic engine includes a rotating outer ring 1, an intermediate shaft 2, a first-order direct drive force 3, a secondary direct drive force 7, and left and right support baffles 4, 5,
  • the rotating outer ring 1, the first direct driving force 3, the second direct driving force 7 and the left and right supporting baffles 4, 5 are coaxially arranged on the intermediate shaft 2, and the left and right supporting baffles are the rotating outer ring of the present invention.
  • the rotating side ring 1 is integrally connected with the left and right support baffles 4, 5, and is coupled with the intermediate shaft 2 through the bearing 6, and separated by the partition plate 8, forming a two-stage closed space, the middle
  • the shaft 2 is provided with an air inlet hole 21 and an air outlet hole 22.
  • the first-stage direct driving force movement 3 and the second-stage direct driving force movement 7 are provided with intake air passages 31 and 71, air outlet passages 32 and 72, and rotating outer ring 1
  • a plurality of driving grooves 11 are provided on the inner ring surface, and the compressed gas enters from the intake hole 21 of the intermediate shaft 2, and then passes through the first-stage air inlet to the intake flow path 31 of the first-stage direct drive force 3, and the gas acts.
  • the air flow path 32 is then introduced into the intake flow path 71 of the secondary direct drive force 7 through the primary direct drive force 3, and at this time, the air pressure is reduced. 95% less, acting on the outer side of the driving groove 11 again, generating a thrust to push the rotating outer ring 1, and finally the compressed gas is returned to the air outlet 22 through the air flow path 72 of the direct driving force 7 to achieve continuous speed and torque Output.
  • the direct drive force movement 3 can be set in two stages, or three stages, or multiple stages.
  • the working pressure is reduced by 5% per stage, that is, the above level 95
  • the pressure of % enters the next level to do work, making full use of energy and maximizing the efficiency of use to meet the output torque and speed requirements.
  • the pneumatic engine assembly can drive the flywheel 101 by one or more pneumatic engines 100 to adjust the output torque and speed to meet various road conditions.
  • Rotating outer ring drive groove section size first level 20mm ⁇ 8mm (length ⁇ height), second level 20mm ⁇ 8mm (length ⁇ height), three levels 16mm ⁇ 8mm (length ⁇ height), four levels 12mm ⁇ 8mm ( Length ⁇ height);
  • the flywheel is driven by the pneumatic engine.
  • 200L of liquid nitrogen is used as the gas source, and the liquid nitrogen expansion coefficient is 800 (0 ° C, 1 atmosphere), which is equivalent to 4 bottles of pressure 20 Mpa, volume of 200 L of compressed nitrogen, that is, 34 bottles of 12 Mpa, volume 40L prototype Gas source.
  • the gas source When the gas source is operated at 0.6 MPa, it can be used continuously for about 408 minutes, that is, 6.8 hours. Calculated at a speed of 80KM/h, the mileage can reach about 544KM, and the equivalent mileage is much larger than the existing research.
  • the price of liquid nitrogen is 1 yuan/kg, full of 200L is about 160Kg, and the price is about 160 yuan, equivalent to about 0.3 yuan per kilometer. If liquid air is used as the gas source, the cost can be further reduced.
  • the pneumatic engine of the invention completely changes the method of modifying and applying on the basis of the original piston engine or the vane pump, and invents the novel engine principle. It not only has a simple structure, but also has high efficiency and strong endurance. Green environmental protection, reducing the greenhouse effect, reducing PM2.5, while also having many auxiliary applications, significant economic and social benefits. It can be widely used in automobiles, motorcycles, bicycle light vehicles, power generation equipment, and other fields requiring power output devices.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)
  • Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
  • Compressors, Vaccum Pumps And Other Relevant Systems (AREA)

Abstract

一种气压发动机，包括旋转外圈（1）、中间轴（2）、直驱动力机芯（3）及左右挡板（4）、（5），旋转外圈（1）、直驱动力机芯（3）及左右挡板（4）、（5）同轴设置于中间轴（2）上，旋转外圈（1）与左右挡板（4）、（5）连接为一体，通过轴承与中间轴（2）配合连接，并形成一个封闭的空间，中间轴（2）设有进气口（21）和出气口（22），直驱动力机芯（3）设置有对数螺旋线流道，旋转外圈（1）内环面上设有多个驱动槽（11），压缩气体从中间轴（2）的总进气孔进入，通过直驱动力机芯（3）的进气流道（31）以对数螺旋线走向角2°- 15°的角度喷出，作用在外圈的槽面上，产生推力推动旋转外圈（1），最后压缩气体通过直驱动力机芯（3）的出气流道（32）回到总出气口，实现速度和扭矩连续输出。这种气压发动机，结构简单，传递效率高，续航能力强。

Description

气压发动机 技术领域
本发明涉及一种发动机，主要涉及一种气压发动机。
背景技术
空气污染已成为世界性的环境问题，而汽车尾气排放现已成为世界各大城市大气污染的罪魁祸首，因此，大家都在不停地探索新能源汽车。人类总是有用不完的奇妙点子：电能、氢能、太阳能、风能、核能、生物质能、气体能……其中最引人注目的要数空气动力车了。
空气动力车依靠气压发动机，将压力能转化为机械能，从而驱动车辆前行。早期的气压发动机都是采用了类似蒸汽机的结构，体积庞大、工作效率低，无法满足实际使用需求。当今研究方向是发展结构紧凑，高效可靠的小型气压发动机。目前世界上除中国外有美国、英国和法国等国家在进行气压发动机及气体动力车的研究，大多处于试验即试制阶段，还未有大规模的商业应用。
美国华盛顿大学在美国能源部的资助下，1997年研制了一台以液氮为动力的空气动力原型车。其所使用的空气发动机是有一台旧五缸直列活塞发动机改造的。而美国北德克萨斯州立大学在州现金技术项目基金支持下也开展了液氮动力汽车的研究，利用液氮经过热交换器获得的高压氮气，供给一台叶片式气动马达工作，转化为机械功驱动汽车行驶。载储液罐满载48加仑(约182L)液氮情况下，以20kmph的时速行驶15公里，效率低。
英国伦敦威斯敏斯特大学的C.J.Marquand教授设计了一台试验型的两级偏心叶片式气动发动机，该气动发动机重50KG，工作压力为4.5MPa,采用两级各12个叶片的偏心叶片转子，该气动发动机上应用了热管热交换系统,高压压缩空 气在进入发动机前需要在一个长管型铝制热交换器中部分膨胀以吸收由环境空气提供的热量，最终，效率低下仍是该发动机的问题。
1991年，法国工程师Gury Negre获得了压缩空气动力发动机的专利，其工作原理是利用车上储存的高压压缩空气驱动发动机缸体内的活塞运动进而驱动汽车前进，这是最接近真正意义上的空气动力车。在Gury Negre的领导下成立了法国MDI公司，专门研制气动汽车，其研究成果应用于印度TATA集团的空气动力车AIRPOD，车长2.13米，车重275公斤，最大载客量3人，最高时速为70公里。车内置一个可装载30MPa压缩空气的气罐，容积175升，单次充满气的最大行驶范围在200公里左右。
国内对于空气动力车的研究开始较晚，投入产品试验阶段的也较少，其中央视在2015年5月对祥天空气动力车进行了报道。从其工作原理来看，祥天空气动力大巴的动力传导经过了“压缩空气—发动机—发电机—电动机”这一系列流程，要比欧洲MDI(由法国工程师Gury Negre创立)的空气动力车的更加复杂，因此过程中损失的能量也更多。因此，空气动力车的关键取决于空气(气体)发动机的效率。
大多数空气发动机均是在原有活塞发动机或叶片泵的基础上进行应用，并通过热交换器受热实现能量的转化，实现动力输出，不仅结构复杂，关键是效率低，难以满足续航能力的要求。
中国文献CN201410167469.4公开一种变压喷气式空气发动机，包括叶轮室和叶轮，叶轮室上设置有喷入压缩气体的喷入孔和喷出压缩气体的排气孔，叶轮通过转轴装设于叶轮室，叶轮包括沿转动周面与叶轮室的内表面气隙配合，叶轮室的内表面还设置有变压喷气槽，沿叶轮的转动方向变压喷气槽与相邻的喷入孔之间的距离大于一个齿间距，当某个叶齿前后的两个工作腔通过所述变 压喷气槽相连通。通过设置变压喷气槽，使得喷入孔喷入的气体在从排出孔喷出前还能再次做功。该文献的本意是提高发动机的能效和动力，但是该结构与叶片泵相似，效率低。同时，该变压喷气槽的设置导致该空气发动机转速低，甚至无法旋转。
发明内容
针对现有技术的不足，本发明提供了一种气压发动机，压缩气体通过直驱动力机芯驱动旋转外圈的驱动槽，产生推力推动旋转外圈，实现动力的输出，具有结构简单，传递效率高，续航能力强，节能环保等优点。
为达到上述目的，本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的：
一种气压发动机，包括旋转外圈、中间轴及直驱动力机芯，所述旋转外圈、直驱动力机芯同轴设置于中间轴上，旋转外圈相对于中间轴和直驱动力机芯转动，所述中间轴设有进气口和出气口，直驱动力机芯设置有进气流道、出气流道，旋转外圈内环面上设有多个驱动槽，压缩气体从中间轴的总进气口进入，通过直驱动力机芯的进气流道喷出，作用在外圈的驱动面上，产生推力推动旋转外圈，最后压缩气体通过直驱动力机芯的出气流道回到总出气口，实现速度和扭矩连续输出。
进一步，所述旋转外圈通过侧板配合于中间轴上，并形成一个封闭空间，直驱动力机芯可分级设置于封闭空间内，形成多级动力输出装置。
进一步，所述直驱动力机芯的进气流道走向为由中间往外延伸的螺旋线。
进一步，所述直驱动力机芯的进气流道走向为由中间往外延伸的对数螺旋线，该对数螺旋线的极点设置在中间轴轴线上，对数螺旋线走向角2-15°。
进一步，所述直驱动力机芯上设置1条以上进气流道和相对应出气流道。
进一步，所述旋转外圈的内环面上设置有2个以上驱动槽，每一驱动槽具有一轮廓底面以及驱动面，轮廓底面的轮廓线为对数螺旋线，其极点设置在中间轴轴线上。
进一步，所述中间轴至少有1个总进气口和1个总出气口，同时还至少有1个分级进气口和1个分级出气口。
进一步，分级进气口和直驱动力机芯进气流道相通，分级出气口和直驱动力机芯出气流道相通。
一种气压发动机总成包括上述的气压发动机。
本发明气压发动机，结构简单，传递效率高，续航能力强。可广泛应用于交通工具、发电设备以及其他需要动力输出装置的各领域。
附图说明
图1是本发明气压发动机结构图。
图2是本发明直驱动力机芯A—A剖视图。
图3是本发明直驱动力机芯B—B剖视图。
图4是本发明多级直驱动力机芯示意图。
图5是发动机总成示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图对本发明作进一步说明：
实施例1：
如图1-3，一种气压发动机，包括旋转外圈1、中间轴2及直驱动力机芯3，所述旋转外圈1、直驱动力机芯3同轴设置于中间轴2上，旋转外圈1相对于中间轴2和直驱动力机芯3转动，中间轴2和直驱动力机芯3固定不动。所述中间轴2设有进气口21和出气口22，直驱动力机芯3设置有进气流道31、出气流道32，旋转外圈1内环面上设有多个驱动槽11，压缩气体从中间轴的进气口21进入，通过直驱动力机芯3的螺旋进气流道31喷出，作用在旋转外圈1的驱动面a上，产生推力推动旋转外圈1，最后压缩气体通过直驱动力机芯3的出气流道32回到出气口22，实现速度和扭矩连续输出。
旋转外圈1通过左右挡板4、5配合于中间轴2上，左右支撑挡板为本发明 旋转外圈1配合的侧板，并形成一个封闭空间，直驱动力机芯3可分级设置于封闭空间内，形成多级动力输出装置。
直驱动力机芯3的进气流道31由中心向外延伸的走向为对数螺旋线，所述对数螺旋线的极点设置在中间轴2中心轴线上，由于对数螺旋线压力角恒定的特性，使得压缩气体在喷射过程中的损耗最小，又能够保证压缩气体以同样时间和推力作用在驱动槽11上，传动平稳。对数螺旋线走向角决定了压缩气体喷射的角度，其大小影响旋转外圈1驱动的速度和旋转的力矩。走向角太大，旋转外圈1驱动力在切向方向上分力变小，甚至出现无法转动的现象；走向角太小，外圈的驱动面a受力面积太小，旋转驱动力也较小。因此，对数螺旋线走向角优选2-15°。同时，对数螺旋线走向角也决定了直驱动力机芯3喷射口33同时作用的驱动槽11的数量，1个喷射口33可以同时驱动2个驱动槽，也有可以是3个，可以根据要求进行设计。
旋转外圈1的内环面上设置有2个以上驱动槽11，每一驱动槽11具有一轮廓底面b以及驱动面a，轮廓底面b的轮廓线为对数螺旋线，其极点设置在中间轴2轴线上。轮廓底面b的轮廓线也可以是直驱动力机芯3的进气流道31走向为对数螺旋线的延长线。保证旋转外圈1驱动槽11受力一致且受力方向指向驱动面a，保证旋转外圈1平稳旋转。
直驱动力机芯3上设置1条以上进气流道和相对应出气流道，可以是2条、3条、或4条或更多条进气流道，与旋转外圈1的内环面上设置的驱动槽11数量匹配，出气流道与其对应设置。主要考虑压缩气体驱动旋转外圈1转动的连续性和平稳性，且和旋转速度等参数对应匹配，才能获得较高的转速和扭矩并连续平稳输出。
中间轴上的进气口包括至少有1个总进气口和至少有1个分级进气口，出气口包括1个总出气口和至少1个分级出气口。
所述中间轴至少有1个总进气口和1个总出气口，同时还至少有1个分级进气口和1个分级出气口。分级进气口和直驱动力机芯进气流道相通，分级出气口和直驱动力机芯出气流道相通。气压发动机压缩气体通过中间轴2的总进 气口，进到分级进气口，通过进气流道驱动旋转外圈，然后以较小的压力进到分级出气口，最后通过中间轴2的总出气口排出。
气压发动机总成包括上述的气压发动机。
实施例2：
如图2-4，一种气压发动机，其包括旋转外圈1、中间轴2、一级直驱动力机芯3、二级直驱动力机芯7、及左右支撑挡板4、5，所述旋转外圈1、一级直驱动力机芯3、二级直驱动力机芯7及左右支撑挡板4、5同轴设置于中间轴上2，左右支撑挡板为本发明旋转外圈配合的侧板，所述旋转外圈1与左右支撑挡板4、5连接为一体，通过轴承6与中间轴2配合连接，通过隔板8隔开，形成两级的封闭空间，所述中间轴2设有进气孔21和出气孔22，一级直驱动力机芯3和二级直驱动力机芯7设置有进气流道31和71、出气流道32和72，旋转外圈1内环面上设有多个驱动槽11，压缩气体从中间轴2的进气孔21进入，然后通过一级进气口通至一级直驱动力机芯3的进气流道31，气体作用在外圈的驱动面a上，然后通过一级直驱动力机芯3出气流道32进到二级直驱动力机芯7的进气流道71，此时，气压减少为95％，再次作用在外圈的驱动槽11面上，产生推力推动旋转外圈1，最后压缩气体通过直驱动力机芯7的出气流道72回到出气口22，实现速度和扭矩连续输出。
根据负载的要求，可以对发动机进行设计，其中的直驱动力机芯3分级设置可以两级，也可以三级，还可以多级，经每级做功气压减小5％，即以上一级95％的气压进入下一级做功，充分利用能量，最大程度地提高使用效率，以满足输出扭矩和转速的需求。
如图5，气压发动机总成可以由一个或多个气压发动机100驱动飞轮101，配合进气压力和流量的调节，实现输出扭矩和速度的变化，满足各种路况要求。
实施例3：
设计一台匹配奥迪2.5LV6的样机：
1、主要参数如下：
a)气源：200L的液氮；
b)气压发动机驱动槽直径：Φ108mm，旋转外圈齿轮直径Φ136mm；
c)气压发动机数量：3个
d)旋转外圈驱动凹槽截面尺寸：一级20mm×8mm(长×高)，二级20mm×8mm(长×高)，三级16mm×8mm(长×高)，四级12mm×8mm(长×高)；
e)飞轮直径：Φ244.8mm；
f)单个气压发动机质量：9kg，其中旋转外圈质量：8kg；
g)飞轮质量：20kg。
h)气压发动机总成质量：70Kg(含3个气压发动机、飞轮及底座等附件)
2、扭矩
(1)气压发动机(气压为0.6MPa时，转速3000r/min)2个驱动槽受力
单个气压发动机一级的气体冲击扭矩      N 气1＝10.4N·m；
单个气压发动机二级的气体冲击扭矩      N 气2＝9.8N·m；
单个气压发动机三级的气体冲击扭矩      N 气3＝7.5N·m；
单个气压发动机四级的气体冲击扭矩      N 气4＝5.3N·m；
单个气压发动机的外圈惯性力矩          N 惯＝11.7N·m；
单个气压发动机的扭矩                  N＝33+11.7＝44.7N·m。
(2)飞轮(转速n飞轮＝1666r/min)
飞轮受气压发动机驱动力矩       N 飞轮＝44.7*1.8*3＝241.3N·m；
飞轮惯性力矩                   N 惯＝18.2N·m；
(3)发动机总成输出总扭矩
发动机输出总扭矩          N 输出＝241.3+18.2＝259.5N·m；
其扭矩与奥迪A6L2.5V6发动机250N·m匹配。
本实施例采用200L的液氮作为气源，液氮气化膨胀系数800(0℃，1个大气压)，相当于4瓶压力20Mpa，容积200L的压缩氮气，即34瓶12Mpa，容积40L的原型机气源。气源以0.6Mpa工作时，可连续使用约408分钟，即6.8小时。以80KM/h的速度计算，行驶里程可达约544KM，折合行驶里程远远大于现有的研究。液氮的价格1元/公斤，充满200L约160Kg，价格约为160元，折合每公里约0.3元。若以液态空气为气源，成本可进一步降低。
本发明气压发动机，彻底改变了在原有活塞发动机或叶片泵的基础上进行改装应用的方法，发明了新型式的发动机原理。不仅结构简单，还具有高效率，续航能力强等优点。绿色环保，减少温室效应，降低PM2.5，同时还可以有很多辅助应用，经济效益和社会效益显著。可广泛应用于汽车、摩托车、自行车灯交通工具、发电设备以及其他需要动力输出装置的各领域。
以上所记载，仅为利用本创作技术内容的实施例，任何熟悉本项技艺者运用本创作所做的修饰、变化，皆属本创作主张的专利范围，而不限于实施例所揭示者。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种气压发动机，其特征在于：包括旋转外圈、中间轴及直驱动力机芯，所述旋转外圈、直驱动力机芯同轴设置于中间轴上，旋转外圈相对于中间轴和直驱动力机芯转动，所述中间轴设有进气口和出气口，直驱动力机芯设置有进气流道、出气流道，旋转外圈内环面上设有多个驱动槽，压缩气体从中间轴的进气口进入，通过直驱动力机芯的进气流道喷出，作用在外圈的驱动面上，产生推力推动旋转外圈，最后压缩气体通过直驱动力机芯的出气流道回到出气口，实现速度和扭矩连续输出。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的气压发动机，其特征在于：所述旋转外圈通过侧板配合于中间轴上，并形成一个封闭空间，直驱动力机芯可分级设置于封闭空间内，形成多级动力输出装置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的气压发动机，其特征在于：所述直驱动力机芯的进气流道走向为由中间＝往外延伸的螺旋线。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的气压发动机，其特征在于：所述直驱动力机芯的进气流道走向为由中间往外延伸的对数螺旋线，该对数螺旋线的极点设置在中间轴轴线上，对数螺旋线走向角2-15°。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的气压发动机，其特征在于：所述直驱动力机芯上设置1条以上进气流道和相对应出气流道。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的气压发动机，其特征在于：所述旋转外圈的内环面上设置有2个以上驱动槽，每一驱动槽具有一轮廓底面以及驱动面，轮廓底面的轮廓线为对数螺旋线，其极点设置在中间轴轴线上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的气压发动机，其特征在于：所述中间轴至少有1个总进气口和1个总出气口，同时还至少有1个分级进气口和1个分级出气口。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的气压发动机，其特征在于：分级进气口和直驱动力机芯进气流道相通，分级出气口和直驱动力机芯出气流道相通。
  9. 气压发动机总成，其特征在于：包括权利要求1—8任意一项所述的气压发动机。
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JP6919069B2 (ja) 2021-08-11
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EP3640431C0 (en) 2023-07-12
EP3640431A4 (en) 2020-12-09

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