WO2018225525A1 - センサシステム - Google Patents
センサシステム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018225525A1 WO2018225525A1 PCT/JP2018/020043 JP2018020043W WO2018225525A1 WO 2018225525 A1 WO2018225525 A1 WO 2018225525A1 JP 2018020043 W JP2018020043 W JP 2018020043W WO 2018225525 A1 WO2018225525 A1 WO 2018225525A1
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- probe
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2437—Piezoelectric probes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/04—Analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/17—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated
- G01N21/1702—Systems in which incident light is modified in accordance with the properties of the material investigated with opto-acoustic detection, e.g. for gases or analysing solids
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/954—Inspecting the inner surface of hollow bodies, e.g. bores
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/228—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details related to high temperature conditions
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2418—Probes using optoacoustic interaction with the material, e.g. laser radiation, photoacoustics
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2431—Probes using other means for acoustic excitation, e.g. heat, microwaves, electron beams
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
- G01N29/22—Details, e.g. general constructional or apparatus details
- G01N29/24—Probes
- G01N29/2475—Embedded probes, i.e. probes incorporated in objects to be inspected
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
- G01N2291/0258—Structural degradation, e.g. fatigue of composites, ageing of oils
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/02854—Length, thickness
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
- G01N2291/028—Material parameters
- G01N2291/0289—Internal structure, e.g. defects, grain size, texture
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
- G01N2291/044—Internal reflections (echoes), e.g. on walls or defects
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
- G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
- G01N2291/263—Surfaces
- G01N2291/2636—Surfaces cylindrical from inside
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a sensor system suitable for nondestructive inspection using ultrasonic waves.
- the non-destructive inspection technique is a technique that can inspect the state of an object without destroying it.
- the non-destructive inspection using ultrasonic waves is used in a wide range of fields because of its low cost and easy application.
- ultrasonic crack inspection and wall thickness inspection are regularly performed to ensure the soundness of piping and containers. Since most pipes and containers are covered with a heat insulating material, for ultrasonic inspection, first remove the heat insulating material, manually press the ultrasonic probe against a predetermined inspection point, and then incubate the heat. It is necessary to restore the material. In addition, if the inspection location is high, scaffold assembly is required before and after the inspection.
- Non-Patent Document 1 or Non-Patent Document 2 a method of attaching an ultrasonic sensor including a battery and a control radio wave transmitter / receiver in advance to an inspection point It has been known. By arranging a control server and a control radio wave transmitter in the plant, each ultrasonic sensor can be controlled from the control server at the time of inspection, and ultrasonic inspection at each inspection point can be automatically performed. . By attaching an ultrasonic sensor under the heat insulating material in advance, it becomes possible to ultrasonically inspect the pipes and containers without attaching or removing the heat insulating material. However, in this method, it is necessary to attach a battery and a control radio wave transmitter / receiver to the ultrasonic sensor, and periodic maintenance such as battery replacement is required. Further, there is a problem that the sensor itself is increased in size.
- Non-Patent Document 3 describes an inspection method using an ultrasonic optical probe in which an electromagnetic ultrasonic transmitter and an optical fiber sensor are combined.
- the ultrasonic resonance wave excited by the electromagnetic ultrasonic wave transmitter is detected by an optical fiber sensor.
- Patent Document 1 a sensor installed in advance on the surface of a metal structure to be inspected, a transducer coil disposed on the outside of the sensor, and a sensor and the surface of the metal structure to be inspected.
- a sensor system includes an electromagnetic interference (EMI) absorption layer and transmits and receives information to and from a sensor via a transducer coil and a reception coil by electromagnetic induction coupling with a transmission coil that constitutes a probe coil.
- EMI electromagnetic interference
- This method is a promising technique because the sensor unit is composed only of a sensor and a transducer coil and does not require a battery, so that the sensor unit is maintenance-free.
- Nuclear power plants require periodic inspections of numerous pipes and containers.
- an inspection method recommended by the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers is defined, and the measurement pitch on the pipe surface is required to be 100 mm or less.
- the sensors are attached to the pipe surface, so it is important that the sensors themselves are maintenance-free and compact.
- the inspection method utilizing electromagnetic induction between coils described in Patent Document 1 the sensor unit is maintenance-free, and It is considered effective because it is compact.
- the heat insulating material for plant piping is generally composed of a nonmetallic heat insulating portion having a heat insulating function and a metal exterior material for holding the heat insulating portion.
- the heat retaining portion is made of a non-metallic member such as calcium silicate, and has a maximum thickness (diameter thickness) of 90 mm, for example.
- the present invention provides a sensor system capable of ultrasonic inspection of pipes or containers that are temporarily covered with a thick covering member, for thinning, cracking, etc. without attaching or detaching the covering member.
- a sensor system is a sensor system used for nondestructive inspection, and is electrically connected to the sensor attached to the surface to be inspected by the sensor and the first cable.
- the sensor coil, the first electromagnetic wave shielding member disposed between the surface of the inspection object and the sensor coil, and the sensor coil are disposed so as to face each other through a gap, and can be coupled by electromagnetic induction. It has a sensor side coil and a probe side coil which is spaced apart from the sensor side coil and is electrically connected by a second cable.
- the covering member that covers the inspection target is, for example, a heat insulating material or a member made of concrete.
- a heat insulating material a product made of calcium silicate, a product made from rock wool, a product made from glass wool, a product made from amorphous water, a product made from rigid urethane foam, or the like is used.
- the “exterior member” is a member that covers the outer surface of the covering member that covers the object to be inspected, and when the covering member is a heat insulating material, a metal exterior member or a resin exterior member is used. It is done.
- the exterior member which covers the outer surface of the covering member which is a member made from concrete is not necessarily required. Therefore, when the exterior member is a metal exterior member, an electromagnetic wave shielding member (second electromagnetic wave shielding member) is provided between the surface of the metal exterior member and the probe side coil in order to prevent the influence of eddy current. On the other hand, when the exterior member is a resin exterior member or the cover member is a concrete member, an electromagnetic wave shielding member (second electromagnetic wave shield) is provided between the surface of the resin exterior member or the concrete cover member and the probe side coil. There is no need to provide a member.
- the covering member is a heat insulating material and the exterior member that covers the outer surface of the heat insulating material is a metal exterior member will be described, but it goes without saying that the present invention is not limited to this. Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
- FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a sensor system of Example 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing shapes of various coils constituting the sensor system shown in FIG.
- the sensor system 1 includes a sensor 20 attached to the surface of an inspection object 42, a sensor coil 21 electrically connected to the sensor 20 via a first cable 22, and an inspection object 42.
- the first electromagnetic wave shielding member 23 is provided between the surface of the sensor and the sensor coil 21.
- the sensor system 1 is arranged so as to face the sensor coil 21 with a gap and is coupled by electromagnetic induction, and is separated from the sensor side coil 3 and is electrically connected via the second cable 4.
- the circuit element 6 is attached between the sensor side coils 3 and on the surface of the metal exterior member 41 without contacting the surface of the metal exterior member 41.
- the sensor system 1 transmits and receives information to and from the sensor probe 32 including the transmission coil 31 and the reception coil 30.
- gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 is made as narrow as possible.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 may be widened. In other words, the gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 is arbitrarily set as appropriate.
- the inspection object 42 in this embodiment is a metal plate made of carbon steel or stainless steel, and corresponds to piping and containers having a large curvature in plant inspection. Since the inspection object 42 becomes high temperature during plant operation, it is covered with a heat insulating material that is a covering member 40 made of calcium silicate (or made of rock wool, glass wool, amorphous water kneaded, hard urethane foam, etc.). ing. A metal exterior member 41 made of aluminum (or galvanized steel plate) is attached around the heat insulating material that is the covering member 40 in order to hold the heat insulating material.
- the transmission coil 31 and the reception coil 30 constituting the sensor probe 32 are connected to a pulser / receiver (not shown) used for normal ultrasonic inspection and a PC (Personal Computer) (not shown) having an oscilloscope function. Further, to the heat insulating material that is the metal exterior member 41 and the covering member 40, the second cable 4 that electrically connects the probe side coil 2 and the sensor side coil 3 can be inserted into the sensor 20 side. And a through-hole 5 is formed. The sensor side coil 3 is arranged on the inner surface of the heat insulating material that is the covering member 40.
- the probe-side coil 2 and the sensor-side coil 3 constituting the sensor system 1 are formed in a spiral shape or a spiral shape, for example, flat coils each formed with a copper wire of 0.05 mm. is there.
- the receiving coil 30 constituting the sensor probe 32 is arranged inside the transmitting coil 31 in a plan view and is formed in a spiral shape or a spiral shape.
- the receiving coil 30 and the transmitting coil 31 are each made of, for example, 0.05 mm copper. It is a flat coil formed of wires.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an electric circuit configuration of the sensor system shown in FIG.
- the size and the number of turns of the probe coil 2 and the sensor coil 3 constituting the sensor system 1 and the reception coil 30 and the transmission coil 31 constituting the sensor probe 32 are determined by the electric circuit model shown in FIG.
- This electric circuit model is derived for the first time in the present invention in consideration of the components shown in FIG.
- the resistance R, capacitance C, and inductance L of each coil change.
- the mutual inductance M between coils changes from the size and relative position of each coil.
- the coil size is the output voltage V 3 to the input voltages V 1 becomes optimal, determines the number of turns.
- the pipe thinning inspection requires a measurement pitch of 100 mm or less.
- the outer diameters of the probe side coil 2, the sensor side coil 3, and the sensor coil 21 constituting the sensor system 1 are set to 30 mm.
- the outer diameters of the transmission coil 31 and the reception coil 30 constituting the sensor probe 32 are set to 53 mm and 46 mm, respectively, in consideration of the SN ratio and interference of adjacent coils.
- the outer diameter dimensions of these coils are not limited to these dimensions, and are appropriately set according to the shape of the inspection object 42, the required S / N ratio, and the like.
- a circuit element 6 is attached between the probe side coil 2 and the sensor side coil 3.
- the circuit element 6 is composed of a capacitor and / or a resistor, for example. Since the circuit element 6 is generally difficult to use in a high temperature environment, in this embodiment, the circuit element 6 is not easily affected by the temperature of the inspection object 42 that is at a high temperature during plant operation. Is installed. In other words, the circuit element 6 is installed on the surface of the metal exterior member 41 without contacting the surface of the metal exterior member 41.
- An electrical signal corresponding to a transmission wave generated by a pulser (not shown) is converted into a magnetic field by electromagnetic induction in the transmission coil 31 constituting the sensor probe 32 and received by the probe side coil 2 constituting the sensor system 1. Is done.
- the second electromagnetic wave blocking member 7 is installed between the probe side coil 2 and the metal exterior member 41. is doing.
- the electromagnetic wave shielding member for example, an electromagnetic wave shielding sheet of EMI Absorber ABASeries manufactured by 3M Corporation of the United States is used.
- the thickness of the electromagnetic wave shielding sheet is 0.2 to 0.5 mm in order to sufficiently exhibit the shielding performance, but a thicker one may be used.
- An electrical signal received via the magnetic field by the probe side coil 2 constituting the sensor system 1 is transmitted to the sensor side coil 3 via the second cable 4. This electrical signal is transmitted to the sensor coil 21 via a magnetic field formed by electromagnetic induction in the sensor side coil 3.
- a first electromagnetic wave shielding member 23 is installed between the sensor coil 21 and the inspection object 42 in order to suppress eddy currents formed on the surface of the inspection object 42.
- the material, thickness, etc. may be the same as those of the second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7.
- a piezoelectric element is used for the sensor 20.
- the size of the piezoelectric element is determined by the frequency of the ultrasonic wave used.
- the outer diameter is 10 mm and the thickness is 0.6 mm.
- As a material of the piezoelectric element to be used for example, NCE51 manufactured by Denmark Nolia Corporation is used.
- the sensor 20 since the ultrasonic wave is generated, the sensor 20 is a piezoelectric element, but the present invention is not necessarily limited to this.
- the sensor 20 may be configured to use a strain meter (strain gauge or strain sensor), an electromagnetic sensor, an accelerometer, a thermal sensor, or the like. Since the sensor 20 is electrically connected to the sensor coil 21 by the first cable 22, the sensor 20 vibrates due to the electrical signal received by the sensor coil 21, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted into the inspection object 42. .
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted into the inspection object 42 is reflected by a crack or bottom surface of the inspection object 42, and the ultrasonic wave received by the sensor 20 generates an electric signal in the sensor 20 by the piezoelectric effect.
- This electric signal is transmitted to the probe side coil 2 via the sensor coil 21, the sensor side coil 3, and the second cable 4.
- An electrical signal converted into a magnetic field by electromagnetic induction in the probe side coil 2 is received by the receiving coil 30 constituting the sensor probe 32 and displayed on an oscilloscope on the PC via a receiver (not shown).
- the heat insulating material and the metal made of the covering member 40 are used.
- the ultrasonic inspection of the inspection object 42 can be performed without attaching / detaching the exterior member 41.
- an ultrasonic inspection can be performed without assembling a scaffold by attaching the long probe for the high place inspection to the sensor probe 32. Since the probe-side coil 2 is disposed on the metal exterior member 41 via the second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 corresponding to the position where the sensor 20 is previously attached to the inspection object 42, the inspector can easily visually recognize it. Since this is possible, it is not necessary to carefully control the ultrasonic probe (sensor probe 32) for each inspection point, and the inspection time can be shortened. As described above, since energy is supplied to the sensor 20 from the sensor probe 32 in a non-contact manner through a magnetic field, the sensor 20 does not require an energy source such as a battery, and the sensor 20 is compact and maintenance-free.
- the sensor 20 and the sensor coil 21 attached to the inspection object 42, and the sensor side coil 3, the second cable 4, and the probe side coil 2 attached to the heat insulating material that is the covering member 40 are mechanically Since it is not necessary to couple, when the crack or thinning is detected by the sensor 20, the second cable 4 is also used when removing the heat insulating material as the covering member 40 and shifting to the manual detailed inspection.
- the heat insulating material can be removed without cutting.
- the sensor-side coil 3 and the sensor coil 21 are arranged close to each other, that is, by narrowing the gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor-side coil 3, the measurement pitch is narrow as in pipe thinning inspection.
- the ultrasonic inspection can be performed without the sensor side coil 3 receiving a signal from the adjacent sensor coil 21.
- FIG. 4 shows a comparison diagram of a received waveform obtained by a known technique and a received waveform obtained by the sensor system 1 according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 4 shows the experimental results when a calcium silicate heat insulating material is used as the heat insulating material that is the covering member 40 and its thickness is 30 mm.
- the graph shown in the upper part of FIG. 4 (the uppermost part in the drawing) is based on a known technique disclosed in Non-Patent Document 4 (method of performing non-contact ultrasonic inspection using electromagnetic induction between coils).
- the obtained reception waveform bottom surface echo
- the result in a state in which the metal exterior member for holding the heat insulating material as the covering member 40 is not installed is shown.
- Non-Patent Document 4 (intermediate part toward the drawing) is a known technique disclosed in Non-Patent Document 4 (method of performing non-contact ultrasonic inspection using electromagnetic induction between coils). ) Shows the received waveform (bottom echo), and shows the result in a state where a metal exterior member for holding the heat insulating material as the covering member 40 is installed. Furthermore, the graph shown in the lower part of FIG. 4 (the lowermost part toward the drawing) shows the received waveform (bottom echo) obtained by the sensor system 1 of this embodiment, and holds the heat insulating material that is the covering member 40. The result in the state which installed the metal exterior member 41 for doing is shown. As can be seen from FIG.
- the received waveform is satisfactorily obtained even when the members are installed.
- the sensor system 1 of the present embodiment has the second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 disposed between the surface of the metal exterior member 41 and the probe-side coil 2, so that the surface of the metal exterior member 41 is The influence of the eddy current generated can be prevented, and the sensor side coil 3 and the probe side coil 2 which are arranged so as to face the sensor coil 21 via a gap and are coupled by electromagnetic induction are electrically connected via the second cable 4.
- the case where the metal exterior member 41 is used as the exterior member that covers the outer surface of the heat insulating material that is the covering member 40 is not limited to this.
- the second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 disposed between the surface of the resin exterior member and the probe side coil 2 is not necessary, and the probe side coil 2 is made of resin. It is good also as a structure distribute
- the circuit element 6 is attached between the probe side coil 2 and the sensor side coil 3 on the surface of the metal exterior member 41 without contacting the surface of the metal exterior member 41.
- the electric circuit shown in FIG. 3 described above can be designed only by the number of turns of the coil, and therefore the circuit element 6 may be omitted. .
- the probe side coil 2 and the sensor probe 32 are coupled via an electromagnetic induction phenomenon and there is no mechanical connection portion, a long bar for inspecting high places is attached to the sensor probe 32. Therefore, even when the inspection object is located at a high place, the ultrasonic inspection can be performed without assembling the scaffold.
- the probe-side coil 2 is arranged on the metal exterior member 41 via the second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 corresponding to the position where the sensor 20 is previously attached to the inspection object 42.
- the inspector can easily visually recognize, it is not necessary to carefully control the ultrasonic probe (sensor probe 32) for each inspection point, and the inspection time can be shortened. Further, since energy is supplied to the sensor 20 from the sensor probe 32 through electromagnetic induction, it is not necessary to provide the battery with the sensor 20, and the sensor 20 can be compact and maintenance-free. Moreover, according to the present Example, since the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 can be arrange
- FIG. 5 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a sensor system of Example 2 according to another example of the present invention.
- the heat insulating material that is the covering member has an independent two-layer structure and covers the first heat insulating material (inner layer side heat insulating material) and the first heat insulating material (inner layer side heat insulating material).
- the second intermediate coil arranged on the second heat insulating material (outer layer side heat insulating material) and the first heat insulating material (inner layer side heat insulating material) arranged on the outer surface.
- the first intermediate coil and the sensor side coil are electrically connected by a third cable, and the second intermediate coil and the probe side coil are electrically connected by a second cable.
- the sensor system 1 a includes a sensor 20 attached to the surface of the inspection target 42, a sensor coil 21 electrically connected to the sensor 20 via the first cable 22, and the inspection target 42.
- the first electromagnetic wave shielding member 23 is provided between the surface of the sensor and the sensor coil 21.
- the sensor system 1a is arranged so as to face the sensor coil 21 via a gap and is coupled by electromagnetic induction, and is separated from the sensor side coil 3 and is electrically connected via the third cable 10.
- First intermediate coil 8 connected to each other, second intermediate coil 9 arranged to face first intermediate coil 8 through a gap and coupled by electromagnetic induction, and second intermediate coil 9
- a probe-side coil 2 that is spaced apart and electrically connected via a second cable 4 is provided.
- the sensor system 1 a transmits and receives information to and from the sensor probe 32 including the transmission coil 31 and the reception coil 30.
- gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 is made as narrow as possible.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 may be widened. In other words, the gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 is arbitrarily set as appropriate.
- the heat insulating material as the covering member has an independent two-layer structure, and includes the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material) and the first covering. It is covered with a second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material) that covers the member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material).
- the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material) has a first metal outer member 41a (outer layer side outer member) as an outer member for maintaining its shape.
- the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material) is also covered with a second metal outer member 41b (inner layer side outer member) as an outer member for the purpose of shape retention and the like.
- the sensor system 1a includes a second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 disposed between the surface of the first metal exterior member 41a (outer layer side exterior member) and the probe side coil 2, and a second metal exterior. It has the 3rd electromagnetic wave shielding member 11 distribute
- the first metal exterior member 41a (outer layer side exterior member), the second coating member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material), the second metal exterior member 41b (inner layer side exterior member), and the first coating
- the member 40 a (inner layer side heat insulating material) includes the second cable 4 that electrically connects the probe side coil 2 and the second intermediate coil 9, and the first intermediate coil 8 and the sensor side coil 3.
- a through hole 5 penetrating to the sensor 20 side is formed so that the third cable 10 to be electrically connected can be inserted.
- the sensor side coil 3 is disposed on the inner surface of the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material), and the second intermediate coil 9 is provided on the inner surface of the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material). It is arranged in.
- An electrical signal corresponding to a transmission wave generated by a pulsar (not shown) connected to the sensor probe 32 is converted into a magnetic field by electromagnetic induction in the transmission coil 31 constituting the sensor probe 32, thereby constituting the sensor system 1a.
- the electric signal transmitted to the second intermediate coil 9 via the second cable 4 is converted into a magnetic field by electromagnetic induction in the second intermediate coil 9, and is transmitted to the first intermediate coil 8 via the magnetic field.
- the electrical signal transmitted to the sensor side coil 3 via the third cable 10 is converted into a magnetic field by electromagnetic induction in the sensor side coil 3 and is received by the sensor coil 21 via the magnetic field.
- the sensor 20 Since the sensor 20 is electrically connected to the sensor coil 21 via the first cable 22, the sensor 20 vibrates due to the electrical signal received by the sensor coil 21, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted into the inspection object 42.
- the structure of the sensor 20 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted into the inspection object 42 is reflected by the crack or bottom of the inspection object 42, and the ultrasonic wave received by the sensor 20 causes the sensor 20 to generate an electric signal due to the piezoelectric effect.
- This electrical signal is transmitted to the first intermediate coil 8 via the sensor coil 21, the sensor side coil 3, and the third cable 10.
- the electrical signal transmitted to the first intermediate coil 8 is received by the receiving coil 30 constituting the sensor probe 32 via the second intermediate coil 9, the second cable 4, and the probe-side coil 2.
- This electrical signal is displayed on an oscilloscope on the PC via a receiver (not shown), and the inspector can determine the presence / absence of a crack in the inspection object 42 and the amount of thinning from the waveform.
- the first metal exterior member 41a outer layer side exterior member
- the second coating member 40b outer layer side heat insulating material
- the second metal exterior member 41b inner layer side exterior member
- the first The ultrasonic inspection of the inspection object 42 can be performed without attaching / detaching the one covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material).
- the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material) and the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material) can be detached independently without cutting the fourth and third cables 10.
- the heat insulating material that is the covering member has an independent two-layer structure, and covers the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material) and the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material).
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the case where the heat insulating material that is the covering member has an independent structure of three or more layers.
- the sensor system 1a can be applied. In this case, an intermediate coil corresponding to the number of independent heat insulating material layers and a cable for electrically connecting the coils may be installed.
- FIG. 6 is an overall schematic configuration diagram showing a modification of the sensor system shown in FIG.
- the sensor system 1 b includes a sensor 20 attached to the surface of the inspection object 42, a sensor coil 21 electrically connected to the sensor 20 via the first cable 22, and the inspection object 42.
- the first electromagnetic wave shielding member 23 is provided between the surface of the sensor and the sensor coil 21.
- the sensor system 1b includes a second intermediate coil 9 that is spaced apart from the sensor coil 21 and is coupled to the inner surface of the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material) by electromagnetic induction.
- the probe side coil 2 that is spaced apart from the intermediate coil 9 and is electrically connected via the second cable 4, and the surface of the first metal exterior member 41 a (outer layer side exterior member) and the probe side coil 2
- the 2nd electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 distribute
- the sensor system 1 b transmits and receives information to and from the sensor probe 32 including the transmission coil 31 and the reception coil 30.
- the heat insulating material that is the covering member has an independent two-layer structure, and the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material).
- the thickness of the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material) is smaller than the thickness of the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material).
- the 2nd metal exterior member 41b inner layer side exterior member for hold
- coated member 40a inner layer side heat insulating material
- the outer surface of one covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material) and the inner surface of the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material) are in direct contact with each other.
- the first metal exterior member 41a (outer layer side exterior member), the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material), and the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material) include the probe side coil 2.
- a through-hole 5 penetrating to the sensor 20 side is formed so that the second cable 4 that electrically connects the second intermediate coil 9 can be inserted.
- the sensor system 1 b includes a sensor-side coil 3, a first intermediate coil 8, and a third cable that electrically connects the sensor-side coil 3 and the first intermediate coil 8. 10 and the third electromagnetic wave shielding member 11 are not provided. Therefore, an electrical signal corresponding to a transmission wave generated by a pulser (not shown) connected to the sensor probe 32 is converted into a magnetic field by electromagnetic induction in the transmission coil 31 constituting the sensor probe 32, and the sensor system 1b. Is received by the probe-side coil 2. The electric signal transmitted to the second intermediate coil 9 via the second cable 4 is converted into a magnetic field by electromagnetic induction in the second intermediate coil 9 and received by the sensor coil 21 via the magnetic field. .
- the sensor 20 Since the sensor 20 is electrically connected to the sensor coil 21 via the first cable 22, the sensor 20 vibrates due to the electrical signal received by the sensor coil 21, and ultrasonic waves are transmitted into the inspection object 42.
- the structure of the sensor 20 is the same as that in the first embodiment.
- the ultrasonic wave transmitted into the inspection object 42 is reflected by the crack or bottom of the inspection object 42, and the ultrasonic wave received by the sensor 20 causes the sensor 20 to generate an electric signal due to the piezoelectric effect.
- This electric signal is transmitted to the probe side coil 2 via the sensor coil 21, the second intermediate coil 9, and the second cable 4.
- the electrical signal transmitted to the probe side coil 2 is received by the receiving coil 30 constituting the sensor probe 32 by electromagnetic induction.
- This electrical signal is displayed on an oscilloscope on a PC via a receiver (not shown), and the inspector can determine the presence / absence of a crack in the inspection object 42 and the thinning amount from the waveform.
- the first metal exterior member 41a (outer layer side exterior member), the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material), and the first covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material) are not attached or detached. Ultrasonography can be performed.
- first covering member 40a inner layer side heat insulating material
- second covering member 40b that is the outer covering member. Workability is improved by thickening the (outer layer side heat insulating material).
- the first metal exterior member 41a outer layer side exterior member as an exterior member covering the outer surface of the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material)
- the first metal exterior member 41a outer layer side exterior member
- the 2nd metal exterior member 41b inner layer side exterior member
- the 2nd metal exterior member 41b outer layer side exterior member as an exterior member which covers the outer surface of 1 covering member 40a (inner layer side heat insulating material) was shown was shown, it is not restricted to this.
- the resin exterior member 41a outer layer side exterior member
- the second metal exterior member 41b inner layer side exterior member
- the resin exterior member A second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 disposed between the surface and the probe side coil 2, and a surface of the second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 disposed between the surface of the resin exterior member and the probe side coil 2.
- the third electromagnetic wave blocking member 11 disposed between the first intermediate coil 8 and the first intermediate coil 8 is not required, the probe side coil 2 is directly disposed on the surface of the resin exterior member, and the first intermediate coil 8 is formed of the resin. It is good also as a structure distribute
- the first metal exterior member 41a (outer layer side exterior member) is used as an exterior member that covers the outer surface of the second covering member 40b (outer layer side heat insulating material).
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the second disposed between the surface of the resin exterior member and the probe side coil 2 is used.
- the electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 becomes unnecessary, and the probe side coil 2 may be arranged directly on the surface of the resin exterior member.
- the covering member is not attached and detached. It is possible to perform a sound wave inspection.
- coated member 40a inner layer side heat insulating material which is an inner side coating member is made thin
- coated member 40b outer layer side heat insulating material which is an outer side coating member. It is possible to improve the workability by increasing the thickness.
- FIG. 7 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a sensor system of Example 3 according to another example of the present invention.
- the inspection object is a metal cylindrical pipe, and a plurality of sensor systems described in the first embodiment are arranged on the surface of the cylindrical pipe so as to be spaced apart at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction.
- the configuration is different from the first embodiment.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- a fluid (water or steam) flowing in a cylindrical pipe may wear the pipe components and cause thinning.
- the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers recommends a pipe thinning inspection method, and among them, the measurement pitch is required to be 100 mm or less. This embodiment assumes such an inspection object.
- the sensor system of this embodiment includes a sensor 20 attached to the surface of a cylindrical pipe 43 to be inspected, and a sensor coil 22 electrically connected to the sensor 20 by a first cable 22 (see FIG. 1).
- the first electromagnetic wave shielding member 23 (see FIG. 1) disposed between the surface of the pipe 43 to be inspected and the sensor coil 21, and the sensor coil 21 disposed so as to face each other through a gap and coupled by electromagnetic induction Sensor side coil 3, probe side coil 2 spaced apart from the sensor side coil 3 and electrically connected via the second cable 4, and the surface of the metal exterior member 41 as the exterior member and the probe
- the sensor system 1 including the second electromagnetic wave blocking member 7 disposed between the side coil 2 is placed at a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction of the pipe 43 to be inspected (45 ° around the axis of the pipe 43).
- These eight sensor systems 1 transmit / receive information to / from a sensor probe 32 (see FIG. 1) that includes a transmission coil 31 and a reception coil 30, respectively.
- a sensor probe 32 see FIG. 1 that includes a transmission coil 31 and a reception coil 30, respectively.
- gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 is made as narrow as possible.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and the gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 may be widened. In other words, the gap between the sensor coil 21 and the sensor side coil 3 is arbitrarily set as appropriate.
- a heat insulating material 44 (covering member) made of calcium silicate (or made of rock wool, glass wool, amorphous water kneaded, hard urethane foam, etc.) is used.
- the outer peripheral surface is covered.
- the outer peripheral surface of the heat insulating material 44 (cover member) is covered with a metal exterior member 41 made of aluminum (or galvanized steel plate).
- the sensor side coil 3 is attached to the inner surface of the heat insulating material 44 (covering member), and the probe side coil 2 is attached to the second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 attached to the outer peripheral surface of the metal exterior member 41. Yes.
- the configuration is the same as that described in the first embodiment.
- the second cable 4 that electrically connects the probe side coil 2 and the sensor side coil 3 can be inserted into the metal exterior member 41 and the heat insulating material 44 (covering member) to the sensor 20 side. And a through-hole 5 is formed.
- a circuit element 6 (see FIG. 1) is installed in the second cable 4 in order to facilitate electric circuit design.
- FIG. 8 is a view showing a method of incorporating the sensor system shown in FIG. 7 into a heat insulating material (covering member).
- the sensor side coil 3 is attached to the inner surface of the heat insulating material 44 (covering member), and the probe side coil 2 is attached to the outer peripheral surface of the metal exterior member 41. Affixed on top.
- the probe side coil 2 and the sensor side coil 3 are electrically connected by the 2nd cable 4 penetrated by the through-hole 5,
- the sensor 20 on the piping 43 which is a test object, the sensor coil 22, and There is no need to be mechanically coupled. Therefore, as shown in FIG.
- the heat insulating material 44 (covering member), the metal exterior member 41, the sensor side coil 3, the probe side coil 2, and the probe side coil 2 and the sensor side coil 3 are electrically connected.
- the second cable 4 can be manufactured in an integral structure. This eliminates the need for wiring and the like associated with local installation, and improves workability. In the pipe thinning inspection, it is necessary to remove the heat insulating material 44 (covering member) and move to detailed measurement where measurement is performed at a higher density measurement pitch at the place where signs of thinning are seen. However, in this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 8, the heat insulating material 44 (covering member) can be removed only at necessary places.
- the sensor system 1 is provided with eight sensor systems 1 that are spaced apart at a predetermined interval (a 45 ° interval around the axis of the pipe 43) along the circumferential direction of the pipe 43 to be inspected.
- a predetermined interval a 45 ° interval around the axis of the pipe 43
- the number of sensor systems 1 arranged in the circumferential direction of the pipe 43 is not limited to this, and a desired number of sensor systems 1 are arranged as appropriate within a range satisfying a required measurement pitch.
- the present embodiment in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, it is possible to improve workability when installing a plurality of sensor systems 1 on a metal cylindrical pipe of a nuclear power plant or a thermal power plant. It becomes. Further, according to the present embodiment, it is possible to remove the heat insulating material (covering member) only at a necessary portion at the time of shifting to detailed measurement for a portion where a sign of thinning is seen.
- FIG. 9 is an overall schematic configuration diagram of a sensor system of Example 4 according to another embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 10 shows the arrangement of probe-side coils on the metal exterior member of the sensor system shown in FIG. FIG.
- the object to be inspected is a metal cylindrical pipe, and is electrically connected by a sensor and the sensor and the first cable so as to be spaced apart from the surface of the cylindrical pipe at a predetermined interval in the circumferential direction.
- the fourth cable is different from the first embodiment in that the fourth cable is routed in the circumferential direction and connected to the probe-side coil via a plurality of fourth cables and one second cable.
- the same components as those in the first embodiment are denoted by the same reference numerals.
- a pipe thinning inspection in a nuclear power plant or a thermal power plant is assumed as in the third embodiment. Depending on the laying position of the pipe 43 to be inspected, as shown in FIG.
- the fourth cable 12 is arranged in the circumferential direction as shown in FIG.
- the probe-side coil 2 is arranged at a position (a right side of the pipe 43 in FIG. 9) where a sufficient space can be secured outside the pipe 43 to be inspected.
- the fourth cable 12 is represented as if it was one, but actually, the fourth cable 12 is a sensor disposed at a position corresponding to the probe-side coil 2.
- the sensor system 1c of the present embodiment has a predetermined interval along the circumferential direction on the surface of a metal cylindrical pipe 43 to be inspected (45 around the axis of the pipe 43). 8 sensors 20 separated and collected at intervals of °.
- the sensors 20 arranged at the other seven locations other than the sensor 20 arranged at the position corresponding to the probe coil 2 are electrically connected to the sensor 20 by the first cable 22 (see FIG. 1), respectively.
- the sensor-side coil 3 is arranged and coupled by electromagnetic induction.
- each fourth cable 12 is connected to the sensor-side coil 3 and the other end is connected to the probe-side coil 2.
- the sensor 20 (on the right side of the pipe 43 in FIG. 9) arranged at a position corresponding to the probe side coil 2 is electrically connected to the sensor 20 by the first cable 22 (see FIG. 1).
- a first electromagnetic wave shielding member 23 (see FIG. 1) disposed between the surface of the pipe 43 to be inspected and the sensor coil 21, and is disposed so as to face the sensor coil 21 with a gap therebetween by electromagnetic induction.
- the sensor side coil 3 to be coupled, the probe side coil 2 spaced apart from the sensor side coil 3 and electrically connected via the second cable 4, and the surface of the metal exterior member 41 as the exterior member
- a second electromagnetic wave blocking member 7 disposed between the probe side coil 2 and the probe side coil 2 is provided.
- a heat insulating material 44 (covering member) made of calcium silicate (or made of rock wool, glass wool, amorphous water kneaded, hard urethane foam, etc.) is used.
- the outer peripheral surface is covered.
- the outer peripheral surface of the heat insulating material 44 (cover member) is covered with a metal exterior member 41 made of aluminum (or galvanized steel plate).
- the sensor side coil 3 arranged at eight places is attached to the inner surface of the heat insulating material 44 (covering member), and the probe side coil 2 arranged at one place is attached to the outer peripheral face of the metal exterior member 41. It is affixed on the second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 formed.
- a second cable 4 and seven fourth cables 12 that electrically connect the probe-side coil 2 and the sensor-side coil 3 can be inserted into the metal exterior member 41 and the heat insulating material 44 (covering member). Thus, a through-hole 5 that penetrates to the sensor 20 side is formed.
- FIG. 10 is a view of the probe side coil 2 in FIG. 9 as viewed from the side.
- eight probe-side coils 2 are attached to the second electromagnetic wave shielding member 7 (not shown) on the metal exterior member 41 of the pipe 43 to be inspected.
- the eight probe-side coils 2 are formed in a spiral shape or a spiral shape, and each of the sensor-side coils 3 is arranged at eight locations with seven fourth cables 12 and one second cable 4. And are electrically connected.
- the arrangement pitch of the eight probe side coils 2 shown in FIG. 10 is desirably 1.5 times or more the outer diameter of the probe side coil 2 in order to avoid the influence from the adjacent probe side coils 2.
- each probe-side coil 2 can be easily accessed as compared with the third embodiment, so that the inspection time can be shortened. For example, when a sensor probe is mounted on a drone or the like and the probe-side coil 2 is accessed, it is not necessary to move the entire circumference of the pipe 43 to be inspected. In addition, even when a long probe for inspection at high places is attached to the sensor probe 32 (see FIG. 1) for inspection at high places, the probe-side coil 2 is integrated into one place, so that inspection can be performed easily. Is possible.
- this invention is not limited to an above-described Example, Various modifications are included.
- the above-described embodiments have been described in detail for easy understanding of the present invention, and are not necessarily limited to those having all the configurations described.
- a part of the configuration of one embodiment can be replaced with the configuration of another embodiment, and the configuration of another embodiment can be added to the configuration of one embodiment.
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Abstract
Description
原子力プラントや火力プラントなどでは、配管や容器等の健全性を担保するため、超音波によるき裂検査や肉厚検査が定期的に行われている。大部分の配管や容器は保温材で覆われているため、超音波検査のためには、まず保温材を取り外し、手動で超音波プローブを予め決められた検査点に押しつけて検査し、その後保温材を復旧する必要がある。また、検査箇所が高所であれば検査の前後で足場組み立てが必要となる。
特に原子力プラントでは、多数の配管、容器を定期検査毎に検査することが規定されており、多大な労力と時間を要している。また、上述の手動による検査では、超音波プローブの押しつけ角等により、超音波プローブに受信される信号が変化するため、検査点毎に超音波プローブを注意深く制御する必要がある。
一方で、プラント配管の保温材は、保温機能を有する非金属製の保温部と、保温部を保持するための金属製外装材で構成されることが一般的である。保温部はケイ酸カルシウム等の非金属部材で構成され、その肉厚(径方向の厚さ)は例えば最大で90mmを有する。この場合、特許文献1に記載に記載される構成では、センサの外側に配されるトランスデューサコイルの外径を90mm~100mmにする必要があり、上述の計測ピッチが100mm以下とする規格には到底対応できない。すなわち、特許文献1の構成では、隣り合うトランスデューサコイルからの信号を受信するという不具合が生じる虞がある。
そこで、本発明は、仮に厚肉の被覆部材で覆われた配管或いは容器の減肉、き裂等を、被覆部材を着脱することなく超音波検査可能なセンサシステムを提供する。
上記した以外の課題、構成及び効果は、以下の実施形態の説明により明らかにされる。
また、本明細書において「外装部材」とは、検査対象を覆う被覆部材の外表面を覆う部材であって、被覆部材が保温材の場合には、金属製外装部材又は樹脂製外装部材が用いられる。一方、上記被覆部材がコンクリート製の部材である場合は、必ずしもコンクリート製の部材である被覆部材の外表面を覆う外装部材は要しない。よって、外装部材が金属製外装部材である場合、渦電流による影響を防止するため、金属製外装部材の表面とプローブ側コイルとの間に電磁波遮蔽部材(第2の電磁波遮断部材)を設ける。一方、外装部材が樹脂製外装部材或いは被覆部材がコンクリート製の部材である場合、樹脂製外装部材或いはコンクリート製の被覆部材の表面とプローブ側コイルとの間に電磁波遮蔽部材(第2の電磁波遮断部材)を設ける必要はない。
以下では、一例として、被覆部材が保温材であり、且つ、保温材の外表面を覆う外装部材が金属製外装部材である場合を説明するが、これに限られるものでないことは言うまでもない。
以下、図面を用いて本発明の実施例について説明する。
図1に示すように、センサシステム1は、検査対象42の表面に貼付されたセンサ20、センサ20と第1のケーブル22を介して電気的に接続されるセンサコイル21、及び、検査対象42の表面とセンサコイル21との間に配される第1の電磁波遮断部材23を備える。また更に、センサシステム1は、センサコイル21に空隙を介して対向するよう配され電磁誘導により結合されるセンサ側コイル3、センサ側コイル3と離間し配され第2のケーブル4を介して電気的に接続されるプローブ側コイル2、及び、外装部材としての金属製外装部材41の表面とプローブ側コイル2との間に配される第2の電磁波遮断部材7を備え、プローブ側コイル2とセンサ側コイル3の間であって、金属製外装部材41の表面上に金属製外装部材41の表面と接触することなく回路素子6が取り付けられている。
センサシステム1は、送信コイル31及び受信コイル30で構成されるセンサプローブ32と情報の送受信を行う。なお、センサコイル21とセンサ側コイル3との間の空隙は、できるだけ狭くすることが好ましい。但し、これに限らず、センサコイル21とセンサ側コイル3との間の空隙を広くしても良い。換言すれば、センサコイル21とセンサ側コイル3との間の空隙は適宜任意に設定される。
検査対象42に貼付されているセンサ20及びセンサコイル21と、被覆部材40である保温材に取り付けられているセンサ側コイル3、第2のケーブル4、及びプローブ側コイル2とは、機械的に結合している必要がないため、本センサ20によりき裂もしくは減肉が検知された際に、被覆部材40である保温材を取り外して手動による詳細検査に移行する際も、第2のケーブル4を切断することなく保温材を取り外すことができる。なお、センサ側コイル3とセンサコイル21を近接して配置する、すなわち、センサコイル21とセンサ側コイル3との間の空隙を狭くすることにより、配管減肉検査のように計測ピッチが狭い場合においても、隣接するセンサコイル21からの信号をセンサ側コイル3が受信することなく、超音波検査を行うことができる。
図4の上段(図面に向かって最上部)に示されるグラフは、非特許文献4に開示されている公知技術(コイル間の電磁誘導を用いて非接触で超音波検査を実施する方法)により得られた受信波形(底面エコー)を示しおり、被覆部材40である保温材を保持するための金属製外装部材を設置しない状態での結果を示している。
また、図4の中段(図面に向かって中間部)に示されるグラフは、非特許文献4に開示されている公知技術(コイル間の電磁誘導を用いて非接触で超音波検査を実施する方法)により得られた受信波形(底面エコー)を示しおり、被覆部材40である保温材を保持するための金属製外装部材を設置した状態での結果を示している。
更に、図4の下段(図面に向かって最下部)に示されるグラフは、本実施例のセンサシステム1により得られた受信波形(底面エコー)を示しおり、被覆部材40である保温材を保持するための金属製外装部材41を設置した状態での結果を示している。
図4からから分かるように、検査対象を覆う被覆部材である保温材を保持する金属製外装部材を設置しない場合は、公知技術によっても、受信波形が得られている。しかしながら、検査対象を覆う被覆部材である保温材を保持する金属製外装部材を設置した場合においては、公知技術を用いるとコイル間の電磁誘導が金属製外装部材で遮断され、受信波形が得られない。これに対し、図4の下段(図面に向かって最下部)に示されるように、本実施例のセンサシステム1を用いることで、検査対象を覆う被覆部材である保温材を保持する金属製外装部材を設置した場合においても受信波形が良好に得られることが分かる。
これは、本実施例のセンサシステム1では、金属製外装部材41の表面とプローブ側コイル2との間に配される第2の電磁波遮断部材7を有するため、金属製外装部材41の表面に生じる渦電流の影響を防止できると共に、センサコイル21に空隙を介して対向するよう配され電磁誘導により結合されるセンサ側コイル3とプローブ側コイル2とを第2のケーブル4を介して電気的に接続する構成を備えることによる。
また、本実施例では、プローブ側コイル2とセンサ側コイル3の間であって、金属製外装部材41の表面上に金属製外装部材41の表面と接触することなく回路素子6を取り
付ける構成を示したが必ずしもこれに限られるものではない。例えば、超音波検査で用いる周波数がそれほど高くない場合においては、コイルの巻き数のみで上述の図3に示す電気回路を設計することが可能となるため、回路素子6を有しない構成としても良い。
また、本実施例によれば、プローブ側コイル2とセンサプローブ32が電磁誘導現象を介して結合され、機械的な接続部が無いため、センサプローブ32に高所検査用の長棒を取り付けることにより、検査対象が高所に位置する場合においても、足場を組み立てることなく超音波検査を行うことができる。
更にまた、本実施例によれば、センサ20が予め検査対象42に貼付された位置に対応して金属製外装部材41上に第2の電磁波遮断部材7を介してプローブ側コイル2が配されているため、検査員は容易に視認可能であることから、検査点毎に注意深く超音波プローブ(センサプローブ32)を制御する必要はなく、検査時間の短縮が可能となる。
また、センサ20にはセンサプローブ32から電磁誘導を通してエネルギーが供給されるため、センサ20にバッテリを備える必要が無く、センサ20がコンパクトでメンテナンスフリーとすることができる。
また、本実施例によれば、センサコイル21とセンサ側コイル3を近接して配置することができるので、隣り合うセンサコイル21からの干渉を抑制することができる。
検査対象42が高温となり被覆部材である保温材の厚さを大きくする必要がある場合、施工性の観点から、それぞれが独立した複数の保温材を組み合わせて使用することがある。このような構成において、詳細検査などで保温材の着脱が必要となった場合、各保温材を別々に取り外すことができることが望ましい。本実施例はこのような対象を想定したものである。
センサシステム1aは、送信コイル31及び受信コイル30で構成されるセンサプローブ32と情報の送受信を行う。なお、センサコイル21とセンサ側コイル3との間の空隙は、できるだけ狭くすることが好ましい。但し、これに限らず、センサコイル21とセンサ側コイル3との間の空隙を広くしても良い。換言すれば、センサコイル21とセンサ側コイル3との間の空隙は適宜任意に設定される。
この電気信号はセンサコイル21、センサ側コイル3、及び第3のケーブル10を介して第1の中間コイル8へ伝達される。第1の中間コイル8へ伝達された電気信号は、第2の中間コイル9、第2のケーブル4及びプローブ側コイル2を介して、センサプローブ32を構成する受信コイル30で受信される。この電気信号は図示しないレシーバを介してPC上のオシロスコープに表示され、検査員はその波形から、検査対象42におけるき裂の有無、減肉量などを判別することができるため、本実施例のセンサシステム1aでは、第1の金属製外装部材41a(外層側外装部材)、第2の被覆部材40b(外層側保温材)、第2の金属製外装部材41b(内層側外装部材)、及び第1の被覆部材40a(内層側保温材)を着脱することなく検査対象42の超音波検査を行うことができる。
本実施例では、被覆部材である保温材が独立した2層の構造を有し、第1の被覆部材40a(内層側保温材)、及び第1の被覆部材40a(内層側保温材)を覆う第2の被覆部材40b(外層側保温材)により検査対象42が覆われている場合について説明したが、これに限られず被覆部材である保温材が独立した3層以上の構造を有する場合においても、センサシステム1aを適用することができる。この場合、独立した保温材の層数に応じた中間コイルと、コイル間を電気的に接続するケーブルを設置すれば良い。
センサシステム1bは、送信コイル31及び受信コイル30で構成されるセンサプローブ32と情報の送受信を行う。
検査対象42の中に発信された超音波は、検査対象42のき裂部若しくは底面で反射し、センサ20で受信された超音波は圧電効果によりセンサ20に電気信号を発生させる。
この電気信号はセンサコイル21、第2の中間コイル9、及び第2のケーブル4を介してプローブ側コイル2へ伝達される。プローブ側コイル2へ伝達された電気信号は、電磁誘導によりセンサプローブ32を構成する受信コイル30で受信される。この電気信号は図示しないレシーバを介してPC上のオシロスコープに表示され、検査員はその波形から、検査対象42におけるき裂の有無、減肉量などを判別することができるため、センサシステム1bでは、第1の金属製外装部材41a(外層側外装部材)、第2の被覆部材40b(外層側保温材)、及び第1の被覆部材40a(内層側保温材)を着脱することなく検査対象42の超音波検査を行うことができる。なお、センサコイル21の電磁誘導により、センサ20にて発生された電気信号を、介在する第1の被覆部材40a(内層側保温材)を経て第2の中間コイル9へ伝達する構成であるため、第1の被覆部材40a(内層側保温材)の厚さは薄いほど好ましい。例えば、被覆部材全体としての厚さが90mm必要となる場合、内側の被覆部材である第1の被覆部材40a(内層側保温材)を薄くし、外側の被覆部材である第2の被覆部材40b(外層側保温材)を厚くすることで施工性が向上される。
また、図6の変形例によれば、内側の被覆部材である第1の被覆部材40a(内層側保温材)を薄くし、外側の被覆部材である第2の被覆部材40b(外層側保温材)を厚くすることで施工性を向上することが可能となる。
また、本実施例によれば、減肉の兆候が見られた箇所に対する詳細計測への移行時において、必要箇所のみ保温材(被覆部材)を取り外すことが可能となる。
本実施例では、上述の実施例3と同様に、原子力プラント或いは火力プラントにおける配管減肉検査を想定している。
検査対象である配管43の敷設位置によっては、図9に示すように、検査対象である配管43の一部が壁面45に接するよう配される場合、或いは、配管サポート等(図示せず)の位置により、検査対象である配管43の外部に十分な空間を確保できず、センサプローブ32(図1参照)の取り回しが困難になる場合がある。本実施例では、図7に示した上述の実施例3のようにセンサコイル21の直上にプローブ側コイル2を配置する構成に代えて、図9に示すように第4のケーブル12を周方向に引き回し、検査対象である配管43の外部に十分な空間を確保できる位置(図9では配管43の右側)にプローブ側コイル2を配置する構成としている。なお便宜上、図9においては、第4のケーブル12があたかも1本のように表記しているが、実際には、第4のケーブル12は、プローブ側コイル2に対応する位置に配されるセンサ20以外の他の7か所に配されるセンサ20に対応して7本存在する。
例えば、上記した実施例は本発明を分かりやすく説明するために詳細に説明したものであり、必ずしも説明した全ての構成を備えるものに限定されるものではない。また、ある実施例の構成の一部を他の実施例の構成に置き換えることが可能であり、また、ある実施例の構成に他の実施例の構成を加えることも可能である。
Claims (15)
- 非破壊検査に用いられるセンサシステムであって、
検査対象の表面に取り付けられたセンサと、
前記センサと第1のケーブルにより電気的に接続されるセンサコイルと、
前記検査対象の表面と前記センサコイルとの間に配される第1の電磁波遮断部材と、
前記センサコイルに空隙を介して対向するよう配され、電磁誘導により結合し得るセンサ側コイルと、
前記センサ側コイルと離間し配され、第2のケーブルにより電気的に接続されるプローブ側コイルと、を有することを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項1に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記センサ側コイルは、前記センサコイルに空隙を介して対向するよう配され、前記検査対象を覆う被覆部材の内表面に配され、電磁誘導により前記センサコイルと結合し得ることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項2に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記プローブ側コイルは、前記被覆部材を前記センサ側へ貫通する貫通口に挿通される前記第2のケーブルにより電気的に前記センサ側コイルに接続されることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項1に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記プローブ側コイルは、前記検査対象を覆う被覆部材を前記センサ側へ貫通する貫通口に挿通される前記第2のケーブルにより電気的に前記センサ側コイルに接続されることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項3に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記被覆部材の外表面を覆う第1の金属製外装部材を備え、前記第1の金属製外装部材の表面と前記プローブ側コイルとの間に配される第2の電磁波遮断部材を有することを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項4に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記被覆部材の外表面を覆う第1の金属製外装部材を備え、前記第1の金属製外装部材の表面と前記プローブ側コイルとの間に配される第2の電磁波遮断部材を有することを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項5に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記被覆部材は、2層の独立する第1の被覆部材と前記第1の被覆部材の外側を覆う第2の被覆部材を有し、前記第2の被覆部材の外表面を覆う第1の金属製外装部材と、前記第1の被覆部材の外表面を覆う第2の金属製外装部材と、前記第2の金属製外装部材の表面に第3の電磁波遮断部材を介して配される第1の中間コイルと、前記第1の中間コイルに空隙を介して対向するよう配され前記第2の被覆部材の内表面に電磁誘導により結合し得る第2の中間コイルと、を備え、
前記プローブ側コイルは前記第2のケーブルにより前記第2の中間コイルに電気的に接続され、且つ、前記第1の被覆部材の内表面に配される前記センサ側コイルと前記第1の中間コイルとが第3のケーブルにて電気的に接続されることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項6に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記被覆部材は、2層の独立する第1の被覆部材と前記第1の被覆部材の外側を覆う第2の被覆部材を有し、前記第2の被覆部材の外表面を覆う第1の金属製外装部材と、を備え、
前記プローブ側コイルは前記第2のケーブルにより前記第2の被覆部材の内表面に配される前記センサ側コイルと電気的に接続され、且つ、前記センサ側コイルと前記センサコイルとが電磁誘導により結合されることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項5に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記プローブ側コイルと前記センサ側コイルとを電気的に接続する第2のケーブルに設置される、キャパシタ及び/又はレジスタを含む回路素子を有することを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項7乃至請求項9のうちいずれか1項に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記センサは超音波発生用の圧電素子であることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項7乃至請求項9のうちいずれか1項に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記センサは、歪ゲージ、歪センサ、電磁センサ、角速度計、及び熱センサのうちいずれか1つであることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項7乃至請求項9のうちいずれか1項に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記被覆部材、前記第1の被覆部材、及び前記第2の被覆部材は、ケイ酸カルシウム製保温材、ロックウール製保温材、グラスウール製保温材、無定形水練製保温材、及び硬質ウレタンフォーム製保温材のうちのいずれか1つであることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項4に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記検査対象は、金属製の円筒状の配管であって、
前記配管の表面に、周方向に沿って所定の間隔にて相互に離間するよう前記センサが複数取り付けられることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項4に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記検査対象は、金属製の円筒状の配管であって、
前記配管の表面に、
前記センサ、前記センサと前記第1のケーブルにて電気的に接続されるセンサコイル、及び前記センサコイルに空隙を介して対向するよう配され電磁誘導により結合されるセンサ側コイルよりなる組を、周方向に沿って所定の間隔にて相互に離間するよう複数組配すると共に、前記複数組のうち一の組は前記第2のケーブルにより前記センサ側コイルと前記プローブ側コイルとが電気的に接続され、前記一の組以外の組はセンサ側コイルに一端が接続され周方向に引き回される第4のケーブルにより前記プローブ側コイルと電気的に接続されることを特徴とするセンサシステム。 - 請求項14に記載のセンサシステムにおいて、
前記配管の表面の1か所に、前記複数組に対応する数の前記プローブ側コイルが配され、相互に離接するプローブ側コイルの配置ピッチが前記プローブ側コイルの外径の1.5倍以上であることを特徴とするセンサシステム。
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