WO2018216352A1 - Multiplexeur optique - Google Patents
Multiplexeur optique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018216352A1 WO2018216352A1 PCT/JP2018/013464 JP2018013464W WO2018216352A1 WO 2018216352 A1 WO2018216352 A1 WO 2018216352A1 JP 2018013464 W JP2018013464 W JP 2018013464W WO 2018216352 A1 WO2018216352 A1 WO 2018216352A1
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- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- light
- optical
- optical waveguide
- optical multiplexer
- light source
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
- G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/42—Coupling light guides with opto-electronic elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
- H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
- H01S5/40—Arrangement of two or more semiconductor lasers, not provided for in groups H01S5/02 - H01S5/30
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical multiplexer.
- a display device that can project an image onto a screen or the like by two-dimensional scanning with a laser beam.
- light sources that emit light of red, green, and blue wavelengths corresponding to the three primary colors are used.
- Light of each wavelength of red, green, and blue is multiplexed on the optical axis.
- the light generated by the multiplexing is transmitted to the image display unit.
- the image display unit projects the image by scanning the transmitted light two-dimensionally.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a technique for performing the above multiplexing using a dichroic mirror.
- a dichroic mirror since a dichroic mirror is used, there is a limit to downsizing the display device. For this reason, in a display device including a part to be worn on the user's head such as eyewear among wearable devices, it is necessary to fix the light source and the dichroic mirror to another place (such as the user's arm or waist). there were.
- an optical coupling device using a directional coupler such as an optical waveguide is known. If the optical coupling device is used instead of the dichroic mirror, the display device can be miniaturized.
- Patent Document 2 An example of the optical coupling device is disclosed in Patent Document 2.
- the optical multiplexer disclosed in Patent Document 2 combines light of red, green, and blue wavelengths respectively incident on three optical waveguides.
- the ideal light that has passed through only the core (each optical waveguide) and exited from the optical multiplexer passes through the cladding layer and exits from the optical multiplexer. There is a risk of interference. As a result, in the optical multiplexer disclosed in Patent Document 2, there is a problem that there is a possibility that it is not possible to obtain emitted light having a desired quality.
- the light a ideally guided to the core exits the optical multiplexer through the core.
- the light b guided to the cladding layer becomes a noise component for the light a.
- the light b interferes with the light a, and thus there is a possibility that the output of the light emitted from the optical multiplexer cannot be observed well. Further, for example, when beam shaping is performed at the subsequent stage of the optical multiplexer, there is a possibility that the beam shaping of the light b interfered with the light a may not be performed satisfactorily. .
- An object of one embodiment of the present invention is to realize an optical multiplexer that can obtain emitted light of a desired quality.
- an optical multiplexer includes a plurality of optical waveguides that respectively guide a plurality of waveguide lights respectively obtained from a plurality of light sources, and the plurality of optical waveguides.
- a light output end that is a set of the respective output ends, and the light output end is one of a plurality of extension lines each extending a principal ray of a plurality of light source output lights respectively output from the plurality of light sources. It is characterized by being arranged in a position that does not overlap.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of an optical multiplexer 100 according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention and Embodiment 2 of the present invention to be described later.
- the optical multiplexer 100 includes an optical waveguide 11, an optical waveguide 12, an optical waveguide 13, and a cladding layer 2.
- the optical waveguide 11, the optical waveguide 12, and the optical waveguide 13 are cores of the optical multiplexer 100.
- Each of the optical waveguide 11, the optical waveguide 12, the optical waveguide 13, and the cladding layer 2 is made of, for example, a silicon oxide film.
- the clad layer 2 may be omitted (in other words, replaced with a clad made of air).
- the refractive index of the optical waveguide 11, the refractive index of the optical waveguide 12, and the refractive index of the optical waveguide 13 are all higher than the refractive index of the cladding layer 2.
- the optical waveguide 11, the optical waveguide 12, and the optical waveguide 13 are combined into an optical waveguide group (a plurality of optical waveguides) 1.
- FIG. 1 the optical waveguide 11, the optical waveguide 12, and the optical waveguide 13 are combined into an optical waveguide group (a plurality of optical waveguides) 1.
- the light source 31, the light source 32, and the light source 33 are collectively provided as a light source group (a plurality of light sources) 3.
- the condensing lens 41, the condensing lens 42, and the condensing lens 43 are integrated into a condensing lens group (a plurality of condensing lenses) 4.
- the optical waveguide 11 has an incident end 111 that is an entrance of light in the optical waveguide 11 and an exit end 112 that is an exit of light in the optical waveguide 11.
- the optical waveguide 12 has an incident end 121 that is an entrance of light in the optical waveguide 12 and an exit end 122 that is an exit of light in the optical waveguide 12.
- the optical waveguide 13 has an incident end 131 that is an entrance of light in the optical waveguide 13 and an exit end 132 that is an exit of light in the optical waveguide 13.
- a set of the emission end 112, the emission end 122, and the emission end 132 is a light emission end 142.
- the light source 31 emits light source emission light 51.
- the principal ray of the light source emission light 51 is a principal ray 511.
- the light source 32 emits light source emission light 52.
- the principal ray of the light source emission light 52 is a principal ray 521.
- the light source 33 emits light source emission light 53.
- the principal ray of the light source emission light 53 is a principal ray 531.
- Each of the light source 31, the light source 32, and the light source 33 is comprised by the laser diode, for example.
- a combination of red wavelength light, green wavelength light, and blue wavelength light can be given.
- the light source outgoing light 51, the light source outgoing light 52, and the light source outgoing light 53 are collected into a light source outgoing light group (a plurality of light source outgoing lights) 5.
- the light source outgoing light 51 passes through the condenser lens 41 and becomes the condenser lens passage light 61.
- the condenser lens passing light 61 enters the optical waveguide 11 from the incident end 111.
- the optical waveguide 11 guides the condensing lens passing light 61 incident thereon.
- light guided by the optical waveguide 11 is referred to as guided light 71.
- the light source outgoing light 52 passes through the condenser lens 42 and becomes the condenser lens passage light 62.
- the condenser lens passing light 62 is incident on the optical waveguide 12 from the incident end 121.
- the optical waveguide 12 guides the condensing lens passing light 62 incident thereon.
- the light guided by the optical waveguide 12 is a guided light 72.
- the light source outgoing light 53 passes through the condenser lens 43 and becomes the condenser lens passage light 63.
- the condenser lens passing light 63 is incident on the optical waveguide 13 from the incident end 131.
- the optical waveguide 13 guides the condensing lens passing light 63 incident thereon.
- the light guided by the optical waveguide 13 is guided light 73.
- the condensing lens passage light 61, the condensing lens passage light 62, and the condensing lens passage light 63 are combined into a condensing lens passage light group (a plurality of condensing lens passage lights) 6.
- the guided light 71, the guided light 72, and the guided light 73 are combined into a guided light group (a plurality of guided lights) 7.
- the guided light 71, the guided light 72, and the guided light 73 are combined and output from the light output end 142.
- the light emitted from the light emitting end 142 is referred to as emitted light 8. It can be said that the outgoing light 8 is the outgoing light of the optical multiplexer 100.
- the light emitting end 142 is disposed at a position that does not overlap with the extension line 91 obtained by extending the principal ray 511.
- the light emitting end 142 is disposed at a position that does not overlap the extension line 92 that extends the principal ray 521.
- the light emitting end 142 is disposed at a position that does not overlap the extension line 93 that extends the principal ray 531.
- the extension line 91, the extension line 92, and the extension line 93 are combined into an extension line group (a plurality of extension lines) 9. That is, the light emitting end 142 is disposed at a position where it does not overlap any of the extension lines 91 to 93 constituting the extension line group 9.
- the optical multiplexer 100 of the light incident on the optical multiplexer 100 (the condensing lens passing light group 6), the light that is not completely incident on the optical waveguide group 1 and is guided by the cladding layer 2. However, it is possible to make it difficult to reach the light emitting end 142. Further, the intensity of light that is guided by the cladding layer 2 and reaches the light emitting end 142 can be reduced. Therefore, according to the optical multiplexer 100, interference of light emitted from the optical multiplexer 100 after passing through the cladding layer 2 with respect to ideal light that has passed through only the optical waveguide group 1 and emitted from the optical multiplexer 100 can be reduced. Can be suppressed. Therefore, according to the optical multiplexer 100, it is possible to obtain outgoing light with a desired quality.
- the light emitting end 142 is disposed between two adjacent extension lines 9, that is, between the extension line 91 and the extension line 92.
- the optical multiplexer 100 it is possible to realize a configuration in which the light emitting end 142 is disposed at a position that does not overlap any of the extension lines 91 to 93.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the optical multiplexer 101 according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.
- the difference between the optical multiplexer 101 and the optical multiplexer 100 (see FIG. 1) is the arrangement of the light emitting end 142.
- FIG. 2 defines the X direction and the Y direction, which are two directions perpendicular to each other.
- the X direction is a direction parallel to each of the extension lines 91 to 93.
- the Y direction is along the plane shown in FIG. 2 and is perpendicular to the X direction.
- the optical waveguide 11, the optical waveguide 12, and the optical waveguide 13 are all bent by approximately 90 ° from the X direction to the Y direction.
- the direction in which the emitted light 8 is emitted from the light emitting end 142 is substantially along the Y direction and is substantially orthogonal to each of the extension lines 91 to 93.
- the light emitting end 142 is not opposite to the end 1011 of the optical multiplexer 101 on which the incident end 111, the incident end 121, and the incident end 131 are formed. It is arranged on one of the end sides 1013 (here, the end side 1012).
- optical multiplexer 101 it is possible to realize a configuration in which the light guided by the cladding layer 2 described above is less likely to reach the light emitting end 142.
- extension line 91 to the extension line 93 are parallel to each other, but it is not essential that the extension line 91 to the extension line 93 are parallel to each other. In other words, it is sufficient if at least one of the extension lines 91 to 93 is along the X direction (in other words, substantially orthogonal to the direction in which the outgoing light 8 is emitted from the light outgoing end 142). .
- FIG. 3A is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of the optical multiplexer 102 according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 3B is a diagram for explaining how to obtain a later-described divergence angle ⁇ 1 to divergence angle ⁇ 3.
- the difference between the optical multiplexer 102 and the optical multiplexer 100 (see FIG. 1) is the arrangement of the light emitting end 142.
- the condensing lens 41 condenses the light source outgoing light 51 so that the light flux of the light source outgoing light 51 converges most at the position of the incident end 111. For this reason, the condensing lens passing light 61 diverges in the optical multiplexer 102 after entering the optical multiplexer 102.
- the divergence angle (full angle) of the condensing lens passing light 61 generated by the divergence is defined as a divergence angle ⁇ 1.
- a sector having a divergence angle ⁇ 1 as a central angle is a sector f1.
- the condensing lens 42 condenses the light source outgoing light 52 so that the light flux of the light source outgoing light 52 converges most at the position of the incident end 121. For this reason, the condensing lens passing light 62 enters the optical multiplexer 102 and then diverges in the optical multiplexer 102.
- the divergence angle (full angle) of the condensing lens passing light 62 generated by the divergence is defined as a divergence angle ⁇ 2.
- a sector shape having a divergence angle ⁇ 2 as a central angle is a sector shape f2.
- the condensing lens 43 condenses the light source outgoing light 53 so that the light flux of the light source outgoing light 53 converges most at the position of the incident end 131. For this reason, the condensing lens passing light 63 enters the optical multiplexer 102 and then diverges in the optical multiplexer 102.
- the divergence angle (full angle) of the condensing lens passing light 63 generated by the divergence is defined as a divergence angle ⁇ 3.
- a sector shape having a divergence angle ⁇ 3 as a central angle is a sector shape f3.
- the sector f1, the sector f2, and the sector f3 are grouped into a sector group (a plurality of sectors) f.
- the light emitting end 142 is disposed at a position where it does not overlap any of the sector shapes f1 to f3 constituting the sector group f.
- the inside of the sector f1 is equal to the region where the converging lens passing light 61 diverged inside the optical multiplexer 102 can exist.
- the inside of the sector f2 is equal to the region where the condensing lens passing light 62 diverged inside the optical multiplexer 102 can exist.
- the inside of the fan-shaped f3 is equal to the region where the condensing lens passing light 63 diverged inside the optical multiplexer 102 can exist. According to the optical multiplexer 102, since the light emitting end 142 is arranged avoiding these regions, the light guided by the cladding layer 2 described above reaches the light emitting end 142 more. A difficult configuration can be realized.
- the divergence angle ⁇ 1 can be obtained by the following formulas (1) to (4) with reference to FIG.
- the divergence angle ⁇ 2 and the divergence angle ⁇ 3 can also be obtained in the same manner as the divergence angle ⁇ 1.
- NA Numerical aperture of the condenser lens 41 L: Distance from the light exit surface of the condenser lens 41 to the cladding layer 2 ⁇ : Beam diameter of the light source outgoing light 51 n: Refractive index from the condenser lens 41 to the cladding layer 2 ( Usually air is assumed) n c : Refractive index of the clad layer 2 ⁇ : Incident angle (half angle) of the condensing lens passing light 61 to the clad layer 2 ⁇ c : Divergence angle (half angle) of the condensing lens passing light 61 in the cladding layer 2 It is.
- the condenser lens 41, the light source emission light 51, and the condenser lens passage light 61 may be replaced with the condenser lens 42, the light source emission light 52, and the condenser lens passage light 62, respectively. It's just that.
- the condensing lens 41, the light source emission light 51, and the condensing lens passage light 61 may be replaced with the condensing lens 43, the light source emission light 53, and the condensing lens passage light 63, respectively. It's just that.
- FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an optical multiplexer 101 ′ according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
- the optical multiplexer 101 ′ has the same configuration as that of the optical multiplexer 101 (see FIG. 2), but in addition to the configuration of the optical multiplexer 101, the optical waveguide 11 to the optical waveguide 13, the light source 31 to the light source 33, The matching is optimized.
- the optical waveguide 11, the optical waveguide 12, and the optical waveguide 13 are all bent by approximately 90 ° from the X direction to the Y direction.
- the optical waveguide (first optical waveguide) 11 is bent along a first circle c1 having a first radius r1.
- the optical waveguide (second optical waveguide) 12 is bent along a second circle c2 having a second radius r2.
- the optical waveguide (third optical waveguide) 13 is bent along a third circle c3 having a third radius r3.
- the second radius r2 is larger than the first radius r1, and the third radius r3 is larger than the second radius r2.
- the wavelength of light guided through the optical waveguide 12 is preferably larger than the wavelength of light guided through the optical waveguide 11.
- the wavelength of light guided through the optical waveguide 13 is preferably larger than the wavelength of light guided through the optical waveguide 12.
- the combination of the light source outgoing light 51, the light source outgoing light 52, and the light source outgoing light 53 is a combination of red wavelength light, green wavelength light, and blue wavelength light.
- the light source 31 emits light having a blue wavelength (generally, a wavelength of 450 nm or more and 495 nm or less), and the optical waveguide 11 guides the condensing lens passing light 61 obtained from the light having the blue wavelength.
- the light source 32 emits green wavelength light (generally, a wavelength of 495 nm or more and 570 nm or less), and the optical waveguide 12 guides the condensing lens passing light 62 obtained from the green wavelength light. Is preferred.
- the light source 33 emits light having a red wavelength (generally, a wavelength of 620 nm or more and 750 nm or less), and the optical waveguide 13 guides the condensing lens passing light 63 obtained from the light having the red wavelength. Is preferred.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the relationship of the waveguide efficiency of light in the optical waveguide 11 with respect to the bending R of the optical waveguide 11 (corresponding to the first radius r1).
- the waveguiding efficiency the light emitting end 112 side of the region with respect to the intensity of light incident on the light incident end 111 side (boundary I1 in FIG. 4) most of the region where the optical waveguide 11 and the first circle c1 overlap.
- the ratio of the intensity of light emitted from (boundary I2 in FIG. 4) is shown as a percentage.
- Tr indicates the characteristic of light having a red wavelength
- Tg indicates the characteristic of light having a green wavelength
- Tb indicates the characteristic of light having a blue wavelength.
- FIG. 5 shows how efficiently light of a certain wavelength is guided through the optical waveguide 11 having the bending R.
- the light having a red wavelength has a waveguide efficiency of about 10% when the bending R is about 2.5 mm.
- the bending R is required to be about 1.1 mm for the green wavelength light, and about 0.9 mm for the blue wavelength light. That is, in order to ensure the waveguide efficiency for light having a longer wavelength, it is necessary to increase the bend R of the optical waveguide 11.
- the waveguide efficiency tends to decrease.
- the tolerance to the bending R increases as the wavelength of the guided light decreases.
- the waveguide efficiency (Tb) of the blue wavelength light is about 100%.
- the wave guide efficiency (Tg) of light of green wavelength is about 90%, but the wave guide efficiency (Tr) of light of red wavelength is as low as several percent.
- the optical waveguide 12 and the optical waveguide 13 have the characteristics of the light guide efficiency with respect to the bending R (corresponding to the second radius r2 and the third radius r3, respectively).
- an efficient optical multiplexer 101 ′ can be configured by guiding the light of the red wavelength by the optical waveguide 13 capable of increasing the bending R as much as possible.
- An optical multiplexer includes a plurality of optical waveguides (optical waveguide group 1) that respectively guide a plurality of guided lights (guided light group 7) obtained from a plurality of light sources (light source group 3). And a light exit end that is a set of exit ends of each of the plurality of optical waveguides, and the light exit end includes a plurality of light source exit lights (a light source exit light group) respectively emitted from the plurality of light sources. 5) are arranged at positions that do not overlap any of a plurality of extension lines (extension line group 9) obtained by extending the principal rays respectively.
- the light incident on the optical multiplexer the light that cannot be incident on the plurality of optical waveguides and is guided by the clad (cladding layer 2) is transmitted to the light emitting end. It can be hard to reach. Further, the intensity of light that is guided by the clad and reaches the light emitting end can be reduced. Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to suppress interference of light emitted from the optical multiplexer after passing through the cladding with respect to ideal light that has passed through only the plurality of optical waveguides and emitted from the optical multiplexer. . Therefore, according to the above configuration, it is possible to obtain outgoing light with a desired quality.
- the light emitting end is disposed between two adjacent ones of the plurality of extension lines (between the extension line 91 and the extension line 92). ing.
- At least one of the plurality of extension lines and a direction in which light is emitted from the light emission end are substantially orthogonal.
- the optical multiplexer according to aspect 4 of the present invention is the optical multiplexer according to any one of the aspects 1 to 3, wherein the light exit end includes a plurality of light collecting light beams obtained by passing the plurality of light source light beams through the condenser lenses.
- the light passing through the optical lens (collecting lens passing light group 6) is included in any of a plurality of sectors (fan group f) each having a divergence angle (full angle) when the light diverges inside the optical multiplexer as a central angle. Is located in no position.
- the inside of the plurality of sectors is equal to the area where a plurality of condensing lens passing lights diverged inside the optical multiplexer can exist. According to the above configuration, since the light emitting end is arranged avoiding these regions, it is possible to realize a configuration in which the light guided by the cladding is less likely to reach the light emitting end. it can.
- An optical multiplexer according to aspect 5 of the present invention is the optical multiplexer according to any one of the aspects 1 to 4, wherein the plurality of optical waveguides are bent along a first circle having a first radius (optical waveguide). 11) and a second optical waveguide (optical waveguide 12) bent along a second circle having a second radius larger than the first radius, and is guided through the second optical waveguide. Is longer than the wavelength of the light guided through the first optical waveguide.
- an efficient optical multiplexer can be comprised because the 2nd optical waveguide which can enlarge bending R guides light with a large wavelength.
- Optical waveguide group (multiple optical waveguides) 2 Clad layer 3
- Light source group (multiple light sources) 4 condenser lens group (multiple condenser lenses)
- Light source output light group (plural light source output light) 6
- Condensing lens passing light group (plural condensing lens passing light) 7
- Guided light group (Multiple guided light) 8
- Emission light 9
- Extension line group (multiple extension lines)
- Optical waveguide (first optical waveguide) 12
- Optical waveguide (second optical waveguide) 13 Optical waveguide 31, 32, 33
- Light source 41, 42, 43 Condensing lens 51, 52, 53
- Light source emission light 61, 62, 63 Condensing lens passing light 71, 72, 73 Waveguide light 91, 92, 93 Extension line 100 , 101, 102, 101 ′
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- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
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- Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un multiplexeur optique permettant d'obtenir une lumière émise de qualité souhaitée. Selon la présente invention, une extrémité d'émission de lumière (142) est positionnée de façon à ne pas chevaucher une ligne d'extension quelconque d'un groupe de lignes d'extension (9) respectivement étendue à partir de rayons principaux (511, 521, 531) d'un groupe de lumières émises par une source de lumière (5) respectivement émis par un groupe de sources de lumière (3).
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Cited By (1)
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JP2020064218A (ja) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | 国立大学法人福井大学 | 光合波器、光源モジュール、2次元光走査装置及び画像投影装置 |
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WO2015170505A1 (fr) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | 国立大学法人福井大学 | Multiplexeur, dispositif de projection d'image utilisant ce dernier, et système de projection d'image |
WO2016183381A1 (fr) * | 2015-05-12 | 2016-11-17 | Kaiam Corp. | Combineur rvb utilisant un alignement de microsystème électromécanique (mems) et un circuit d'onde lumineuse planaire (plc) |
WO2017065225A1 (fr) * | 2015-10-14 | 2017-04-20 | シャープ株式会社 | Multiplexeur optique et dispositif de projection d'image utilisant ledit multiplexeur optique |
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US20080316567A1 (en) * | 2007-06-20 | 2008-12-25 | Regis Grasser | Illumination Source and Method Therefor |
US20120039565A1 (en) * | 2010-08-12 | 2012-02-16 | Octrolix Bv | Beam Combiner |
JP2012048071A (ja) * | 2010-08-27 | 2012-03-08 | Brother Ind Ltd | 光合波器及び画像投影装置 |
WO2015170505A1 (fr) * | 2014-05-09 | 2015-11-12 | 国立大学法人福井大学 | Multiplexeur, dispositif de projection d'image utilisant ce dernier, et système de projection d'image |
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JP2020064218A (ja) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | 国立大学法人福井大学 | 光合波器、光源モジュール、2次元光走査装置及び画像投影装置 |
WO2020079862A1 (fr) * | 2018-10-18 | 2020-04-23 | 国立大学法人福井大学 | Multiplexeur optique, module de source de lumière, dispositif de balayage optique bidimensionnel, et dispositif de projection d'image |
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