WO2018215322A1

WO2018215322A1 - Use of powder tubes for supplying solder mixtures in the generative manufacturing of components by means of laser deposition welding

Info

Publication number: WO2018215322A1
Application number: PCT/EP2018/063038
Authority: WO
Inventors: Bernd Burbaum; Werner Stamm
Original assignee: Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date: 2017-05-22
Filing date: 2018-05-18
Publication date: 2018-11-29
Also published as: DE102017208659A1

Abstract

Use of powder tubes for supplying solder mixtures in the generative manufacturing of components by means of laser deposition welding. A building chamber is provided for the generative manufacturing of components by laser deposition welding, wherein material in powder form thereby supplied is supplied by means of a powder tube. In one embodiment, the powder tube comprises two part-tubes, in each of which a different material in powder form can be provided, wherein particularly a mixture of a superalloy with a solder material can be provided in at least one tube. A method for producing a component by means of the building chamber is also provided.

Description

description

Use of powder hoses for feeding solder mixtures in the generative production of components by means of laser deposition welding

The invention relates to a construction chamber for the generative production of components by laser cladding, wherein thereby supplied powdered material is supplied by means of a powder hose, and a method for producing a component by means of the construction chamber.

Laser deposition welding is a method for adding material to individual components or shaped bodies, for example for manufacturing and repairing. In this case, the material to be processed, for example, supplied in powder form or as a welding wire and applied in a layer on an existing material layer (substrate) of a component. Here, a Ma ^¬ terialauftrag is made to the substrate by melting the sub ^¬ strats and simultaneous application of the supplied material. The supplied material also fuses with the underlying layers. Layer by layer, a shaped body or layers can be produced in this way. When laser deposition welding is used as a heat source, a laser with high power, such as diode or fiber laser.

Laser cladding is used inter alia in the manufacture and repair of turbine parts, e.g. in the manufacture and repair of wear protection coatings.

In industrial applications, the laser cladding with powdered material is often fully automated turned ^¬ sets, while the supply is used with a wire closer to manuel ^¬ len welding operations. When supplying powdery material, the powder is conventionally supplied via a powder nozzle, that is, in other words, it is sprayed onto the surface of the substrate. The powder particles are often used with a diameter of more than 20 ym. used to ensure a certain fluidity within a powder conveyor. For this, the powder must be sieved. Furthermore, conventionally, to guarantee ^¬ afford fluidity and high bulk density spherical particles required at an additional cost in herstel ^¬ development. It is the task, the

Laser cladding, especially using powdered material, over the prior art more efficient.

This object is achieved by a construction chamber having the features of the main claim and by a method having the features of claim 6. Further advantageous embodiments and embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims and claims, the figures and the embodiments.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a construction chamber for the generative production of a component which at least

- a wall,

- a building platform,

- A device for supplying at least one powdered material to the building platform and

- A laser source for emitting a laser beam for fusing or sintering of the powdery material comprises, characterized in that the feed ^{device is} formed in the form of a tube ^¬ .

The construction chamber according to the invention is advantageous because by supplying by means of the tubular feed device of the powdery material directly through the effect the laser radiation generated melt bath are supplied. In this way, powder material with a diameter of the particles of less than 20 ym can be used, so that sieving of the powder need not be carried out. Furthermore, no spherical shape of the particles is necessary, whereby the costs of powder production compared to conventional methods can be reduced, for example because they can be prepared under water atomization instead of under a protective gas such as argon.

Preferably, the tubular device has a sheath made of carbon. Advantageously, this out of the hose material carbon into the molten alloyed ^¬ to. Also preferably, the tubular device may comprise a plastic sheath. The sheath thereby limiting the volume of the tube ideally radially symmetrical ^¬.

Particularly preferably, the tubular device comprises a combination of at least a first and a second partial tube. This combination is advantageous because in each case a different material can be transported in the two sub-hoses. A particular advantage of this is that it can not lead to segregation of different powder materials with different grain fractions, which can come in one using a single tube with a large bandwidth in the particle size distribution. For example, the combination of two sub-hoses allows supplying, for example, nickel-based superalloy powder in the first sub-hose, and supplying nickel-base superalloy powder with addition of a brazing material in the second sub-hose. This combination can be advantageously used to form hot cracks in the material in one material during laser deposition welding with the powder from the first part-hose

Hochtemperaturlötprozess with the powder from the second ^¬ part to repair hose. The above mentioned material of man- means of relating in part two hoses on the mate ^¬ rial of the two sub-tubes.

Preferably, in the embodiment with two Teilschläu ^¬ chen the second part of tubing within the first partial tube is arranged so that the second part of the hose is fully ^¬ continuously enclosed by the first part of the hose. It can also completely enclose the second part of the first tube tube. It is also possible that said partial hoses are arranged side by side. Embodiments of the tubular device which have more than two partial tubes are also conceivable.

The thickness of the shell of the tubular device is preferably less than 100 ym. In this case, it is meant in the execution ^¬ form with a single tube, the thickness of the jacket, and in the embodiment with two hoses part of the respective boundary of the part tubes.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing and / or repairing a component by means of a construction chamber according to the invention, with the steps:

Providing the building chamber,

Applying a powdery material to the building platform by means of the tubular supply device,

Fusion of the powdery material by action of a laser beam,

- Lowering the build platform, wherein the steps of applying and fusing the pul ^¬ deformed material and the lowering of the building platform are repeated in a number, as are necessary for completing the component. The advantages of the method according to the invention correspond to the advantages of the device according to the invention. The application of powdered material to the build platform involves application to the part when a part is already present at various stages of manufacturing or repair.

Preferably, with the embodiment of the tubular feed device comprising at least a first and a second partial hose, a first powdery material is fed in the first partial hose and a second powdered material of the building platform in the second partial hose. It is preferred if the first powdery material has a grain fraction which is different from that of the second powdered material. Through the use of two sub-tubes is advantageously allows the two size fractions not mix ent ^¬ during delivery. It is particularly preferred if the first or two ^¬ th powdery material, a solder material is mixed. The powdery material with the solder material, in a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention used in a Hochtemperaturlötprozess used to close resulting in the material during welding ^¬ hot tears. Thus, incurred during the application material damage can advantageously be fixed immediately ^¬ , without the need for an extra repair process must be initiated. Furthermore, the welding of conventionally difficult to be welded materials is enabled by the present invention conces- led solder materials, such as materials with a large amount of an intermetallic phase, such as Rene 80 or Alloy 247. at ^¬ play, the first powdery material This includes a Nick Elba - sis superalloy, especially a high γ'-containing nickel base superalloy. The second powdered material comprises, for example, a mixture of a nickel-base superalloy and a solder material, especially a mixture from a high γ '-containing nickel-based superalloy and a solder material.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a component which has been produced and / or repaired by a method according to the invention. The component is in particular a Turbinenbe ^¬ stand part. For example, the component is a turbine acting ^¬ fel a gas turbine.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to FIGS. Show it

Figure 1 is a schematic representation of an embodiment of a construction chamber according to the invention.

FIG. 2 shows a longitudinal sectional illustration of an embodiment of the tubular feed device from FIG. 1.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of the tubular

Feeding device according to FIG. 2.

Figure 4 shows the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 in an enlarged view.

Figure 5 is a flow diagram of an embodiment of a method according to the invention.

In the exemplary arrangement of FIG. 1, the building chamber 1 comprises a wall 2, a building platform 3 and a coating head 4. In the coating head 4 are

exemplarily two laser 5 arranged, whereby also only one laser or more than two lasers can be arranged. Furthermore, in the coating head 4 a tubular Zuführein ^¬ direction 6 for the supply of powdery material 7 on the build platform 3 or on the surface of a construction platform ^¬ 3 arranged on the component 8 is arranged. The lasers 5 are designed to emit high-energy laser beams 5 a on the surface of the component 8. The wall 2 can comprise a plurality of partial walls, which limit the Volu ^¬ men of the building chamber 1 from several sides, or alternatively be formed, for example, in a round shape. In the wall 2 inspection windows can be arranged. The construction platform 3 is at least vertically movable, so that it can be lowered for arranging new layers on a generatively produced component 8 arranged thereon.

In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 1, the tubular feed device 6 comprises two partial tubes. In the illustration of FIG. 2, the structure of the tubular feed device 6 is shown in longitudinal section, in cross-section in FIG. 3, and in an enlarged representation of the cross-sectional view of FIG. 3 in FIG. A first partial tube 6a is arranged inside a second partial tube 6b. The partial tubes 6a, 6b are limited radially ^¬ dialsymmetrisch each of a foil-like first coat 9a and second jacket 9b of up to 100 ym thickness. The sheaths 9a, 9b are made of a suitable material; they preferably consist of carbon or have at least carbon, and also preferably they can alternatively consist of plastic or have a plastic. It is also possible that the jacket 9a of the first partial tube 6a is made of carbon and the jacket 9b of the second partial tube 6b is made of plastic, or vice versa.

In Fig. 1, the partial tubes 6a, 6b powdery Mate ^{¬ material} 7 containing shown. Here, the first part ^¬ hose 6a includes a first powdered material 7a, and the second part 6b of the hose a second powdered material

7b. In this case, the first powdery material 7a has particles with a different grain fraction than the second powdery material 7b, ie the particles of the first powdery material 7a have eg a larger diameter than the particles of the second powdery material 7b. As the first powdery material 7a, for example, a high-γ'-containing nickel-base superalloy corresponding to the material to be repaired may be used, and secondarily powdery material 7b is a mixture of the high γ '-containing nickel-base superalloy and solder material. This to ^¬ sammenstellung is useful for example to repair incurred during a welding process hot cracks immediately or during operation of the component resulting material ^¬ cracks to repair. The skilled worker is clear about to what properties of solder material must have to be suitable to a Repara ^¬ ture of material cracks. Solder materials of the superalloy may also be mixed in both partial hoses 6a, 6b.

The coating head 4 is designed to move in different directions relative to the surface of the component 8. If a further material is to be applied to the component 8, a molten bath is produced at the point at which one or more laser beams 5a impinge on the surface of the component 8 by the action of the laser beams 5a. The powdery material supplied to the position of the molten bath by the feeder 6 is also melted by the action of the laser beams 5a so as to be bonded to the material on the surface of the component 8. The coating head 4 and the laser radiation 5a are ideally controlled on the basis of a given task by a controller (not shown).

In one embodiment of the inventive method for manufacturing a component according to the illustration of FIG. 5, the build chamber 1 is bereitge ^¬ provides in a first step Sl. In a second step Sl, a powdery material is applied to the building platform 3 by means of the tubular feed device 6. The first layer of powdered material 7 ^¬ di rectly applied to the building platform 3 in the manufacture of a component, and then new layers of powder material 7 to the already existing which layers. In the feed device 6, for example, two partial tubes 6a, 6b comprises two ver ^¬ different powder mixtures 7a, 7b are ideally applied - it is here overall of the powdered material 7 for simplicity spoke. The powder 7 is distributed directly by the feeder 6 according to the need on the build platform 3 or on the surface of the component 8, or alternatively distributed after application by means not shown on the build platform 3 and on the surface of the component 8.

In a third step S3, the powdery material is melted by the action of one or more laser beams 5a. This is done in the material to be coated

Melting bath is generated, wherein at the same time the supplied powdered material is melted. The coating head 4 is thereby moved relative to the build platform 3, so that gradually a new material layer is applied to the existing material. The laser (s) 5 may also be controlled to radiate in different directions, regardless of the movement of the coating head 4, thereby effecting molten baths at various locations on the material. In a fourth step S4, the construction platform is lowered. The steps S2 to S4 are repeated until the component 3 is completed.

In one embodiment of the method, a defective point in the material of a component such as a turbine acting ^¬ fel, repair. The material of the component has a high γ'-containing nickel-based superalloy. The damage to be repaired can be eg a crack in the material. Existing coatings on the component are removed before the repair. Then, the method described above is durchge ^¬ leads, wherein as the first powdered material 7a, for example, a high γ '-containing nickel-based superalloy is used, which corresponds to the material to be repaired, and the second powdery material 7b, a mixture of high γ' -containing Nickel base superalloy and solder material. It is clear to the person skilled in the art which properties of the brazing material must have in order to be suitable for repairing material cracks. For a person skilled in obvious modifications and variations of the invention fall within the scope of the claims.

Claims

claims

1. building chamber (1) for the generative production of a component (8), the at least

a wall (2),

a building platform (3),

- A device (6) for supplying at least one powdery material (7) on the building platform (3) and

- A laser source (5) for emitting a laser beam (5a) for fusing or sintering of the powdery material (7), characterized in that the feed device (6) is in the form of a tube.

2. building chamber (1) according to claim 1, wherein the tubular means (6) has a sheath made of carbon.

3. building chamber (1) according to claim 1, wherein the tubular means (6) has a sheath made of plastic.

4. building chamber (1) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the tubular means (6) comprises a combination of at least a first (6a) and a second partial tube (6b).

5. building chamber (1) according to any one of claims 2-4, wherein the thickness of the jacket (9) of the tubular device (6) is less than 100 ym.

6. A method for producing and / or repairing a component by means of a construction chamber according to one of claims 1-5, comprising the steps: - providing the construction chamber (1),

- Applying a powdery material (7) by means of the tubular feed device (6) on the build platform (3),

- Melting of the powdery material (7) by action of a laser beam (5a),

- Lowering the building platform (3), wherein the steps of applying and fusing the pul ^¬ deformed material (7) and the lowering of the structural ^¬ form (3) are repeated in a number, as are necessary for completing the component (8).

7. The method of claim 6, wherein the tubular to ^¬ transfer means (6) comprises at least a first (6a) and a second part tube (6b), and in the first part tube (6a) of a first powdered material (7a) and (in the second part of tube 6b) a second powdered material (7b) of the building platform (3) are supplied.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the first powdery material (7a) has a grain fraction different from that of the second powdery material (7b).

9. The method according to claim 7 or 8, wherein the first (7a) or second powdery material (7b) a solder material is mixed.

A method according to claim 9, wherein the second powdery material (7b) is used in a high temperature brazing process is to close during the welding in the material of the component (8) resulting hot cracks.

11. component (8), manufactured and / or repaired by a method according to one of claims 6 - 10.

12. The component (8) according to claim 11, wherein the component (8) is a turbine component.