DE102016205437A1 - Device and method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a device (10) for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object (36) comprising at least one installation space (12) for a layered, successive solidification of at least one solidifiable material (16) in predefined areas for the layered construction of the three-dimensional object (36). or for the layered repair of individual areas of the three-dimensional object (36) within the construction space (12); and at least one laser device (18) for producing at least one laser beam (20, 28, 30, 32, 40, 44, 46, 48, 50) by means of which a material layer (22) can be fused and / or sintered locally to form an object layer. In this case, the device (10) comprises at least one parabolic mirror (24, 34) or at least one parabolspiegelartige formed device, wherein an inner side (42) of the parabolic mirror (24, 34) or the parabolic mirror-like device is aligned concave to the material layer (22) and the laser device (18) is arranged above and / or outside a construction platform (14) such that the generated laser beam (20, 28, 30, 32, 40, 44, 46, 48, 50) is deflected by means of the parabolic mirror (24, 34) or the parabolic mirror-like device on the material layer (22), wherein a projection surface (P1, P2) of the parabolic mirror (24, 34) or the parabolic mirror-like device is larger or smaller than at least one building surface (B) of Building platform (14), which is designed to order the material (16). The invention further relates to a method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object (36).

Description

The invention relates to a device for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention further relates to a method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object according to the preamble of claim 10.

Methods and apparatus for making three-dimensional objects, particularly components, are known in a wide variety. In particular, generative manufacturing methods (so-called rapid manufacturing or rapid prototyping methods) are known in which the three-dimensional object or the component is built up in layers by powder-bed-based, additive manufacturing processes. Primarily metallic components can be produced, for example, by laser or electron beam melting or sintering methods. In this case, at least one powdered component material is first applied in layers to a construction platform in the region of a building and joining zone of the device. Subsequently, the component material is locally fused in layers and / or sintered by the component material in the assembly and joining zone energy is supplied by means of at least one high-energy beam, for example an electron or laser beam. The high-energy beam is controlled in dependence on a layer information of the component layer to be produced in each case. After fusing and / or sintering, the construction platform is lowered in layers by a predefined layer thickness. Thereafter, the said steps are repeated until the final completion of the component. Comparable additive processes are known for the production of ceramic or plastic elements.

From the prior art, in particular also generative manufacturing processes for the production of components of a turbomachine, such as components of an aircraft engine or a gas turbine are known, for example, in the DE 10 2009 051 479 A1 described method or a corresponding device for producing a component of a turbomachine. In this method, a corresponding component is produced by layer-wise application of at least one powdered component material on a construction platform in the region of a buildup and joining zone as well as layered and local melting or sintering of the component material by means of energy supplied in the region of the assembly and joining zone. The supply of energy takes place here via laser beams, such as CO ₂ laser, Nd: YAG laser, Yb fiber laser and diode laser, or by electron beams.

In known devices for the generative production of three-dimensional objects by means of laser energy (for example, selective laser melting systems), the laser beam strikes the pulverulent component material perpendicularly within a construction space of the device only at a point perpendicular to the laser device. In the edge regions of the installation space, the laser beam strikes another, unfavorable angle. In a vertical impact of the laser beam, the resulting melting region is substantially circular. The further away from this ideal point the laser beam impinges on the powder surface, the more ellipsoid the melting range becomes. As the melting area is increased, areas on the object are created with significantly reduced quality.

Object of the present invention is therefore to provide a device and a method of the type mentioned, the great effort without a lot of additional degrees of freedom and thus improved settings for the path of the laser beam to achieve improved quality of the produced three-dimensional object or a Ensure repair of the three-dimensional object.

This object is achieved by a device for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object having the features of patent claim 1 and a method having the features of claim 10. Advantageous embodiments with expedient developments of the invention are specified in the respective subclaims, wherein advantageous embodiments of the device are to be regarded as advantageous embodiments of the method and vice versa.

A first aspect of the invention relates to a device for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object comprising at least one installation space for a layered, successive solidification of at least one solidifiable material in predefined areas for the layered construction of the three-dimensional object or for the layered repair of individual areas of the three-dimensional object within the construction space and at least one laser device for generating at least one laser beam by means of which a material layer can be fused and / or sintered locally to form an object layer. In addition, at least one parabolic mirror or at least one parabolspiegelartige formed device is disposed inside or above the space, wherein an inside of the Parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device is aligned concave to the material layer and the laser device is arranged over and / or outside a construction platform, such that the generated laser beam impinges on the material layer via a beam deflection by means of the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device. In addition, a projection surface of the parabolic mirror or of the parabolic mirror-like device is larger or smaller than at least one construction surface of the construction platform, which is designed to apply the material. Thus, according to the invention, it is achieved that by means of the parabolic mirror arranged above the laser device or the device constructed like a parabolic mirror, the laser beam generated by the laser device can be introduced into virtually all regions of the material layer within the construction space with predefined angles of incidence. By choosing the size of the projection surface of the parabolic mirror or parabolspiegelartig designed device advantageously further design options and additional degrees of freedom. Without much design effort, a plurality of additional degrees of freedom and thus improved adjustment options for the path of the laser beam to achieve improved quality of the produced three-dimensional object or a repair of the three-dimensional object is provided. In this case, the projection surface can be formed at least 5% larger or smaller than the one building surface of the building platform. In particular, the projection area may be increased by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or 90% larger or smaller than the construction area of the building platform can be formed. Intermediate values and other values are also possible. The projection surface can completely enclose the building surface or at least partially cover it. Even in the event that the projection surface is smaller than the construction area, the construction area can completely enclose the projection area or at least partially cover it.

In advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention, the laser device is arranged inside, above and / or outside the installation space. This results in a variety of design options of the device, so that necessary adjustments to, for example, the size of the object to be manufactured, the laser device or the build platform can be readily taken into account.

In an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention, the laser device is at least temporarily arranged within the installation space in the focal point of the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device, such that the laser beam generated by the laser device about the beam deflection by means of the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device approximately perpendicular to the Material layer impinges on this. Thus, according to the invention, it is achieved that, by means of the parabolic mirror arranged above the laser device or the device constructed in the manner of a parabolic mirror, the laser beam generated by the laser device and directed onto an inner side of the parabolic mirror impinges approximately perpendicularly on almost all regions of the material layer. Advantageously, due to the vertical impact of the laser beam, the resulting melting region is substantially circular in almost all regions of the material layer. This contributes to the significant increase in quality of the produced three-dimensional object or to increase the quality of the repair of individual areas of the three-dimensional object. The term "approximately perpendicular" is understood to mean that the laser beam impinges on the material layer at an angle of 90 °. Minor deviations from the vertical in the range of +/- 5 ° should also be understood by the term "approximately perpendicular". According to the invention, the laser device sends the laser beam in the direction of the inside of the parabolic mirror, which is aligned concavely in the direction of the material layer. On the inside of the parabolic mirror, the laser beam is then deflected so that it impinges approximately perpendicular to the material layer.

The installation space of the device described above is usually a process chamber for carrying out the additive manufacturing or repair process. The three-dimensional object to be produced or repaired may be a component or a component region of an aircraft engine, in particular a compressor or a turbine. The material used can be powdery, liquid or pasty and usually consists of metal, a metal alloy, ceramic or plastic or a mixture thereof.

In further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention, the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device and / or the laser device are designed to be movable relative to one another and / or relative to the material layer. By way of example, the laser device can no longer be at the focal point of the parabolic mirror, at least temporarily. However, there is advantageously the possibility that the region on the material layer, which in the region of a laser shadow, that is to say the region hidden under the laser device by the laser device, can likewise be processed with the laser beam. For example, by a vertical method of the parabolic mirror, the distance between the laser device and the parabolic mirror or the inside of the parabolic mirror is increased. But is the enlarged by the process of the parabolic mirror distance greater than the original distance, which by the Focusing the parabolic mirror and the parabolic mirror itself or its inside is defined, the laser beam is reflected in the direction of the region of the laser shadow on the material layer out. It can be accepted that the laser beam is not quite perpendicular to the material layer. In order to enable irradiation of the region of the laser shadow, the laser device can also be moved, for example along a central axis, which extends on the one hand through the focal point of the parabolic mirror and on the other hand lies perpendicular to the material layer. Other directions of movement of the laser device within the installation space of the device are possible. In addition, the laser device can be arranged outside the construction platform, that is to say not between the construction platform and the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device. Thus, for example, the laser device can be designed to be movable at least partially around a circumference of the construction platform. These design possibilities make it possible for the region of the laser shadow to be exposed to the laser or for no laser shadow to be produced by the laser device. The movement of the parabolic mirror or the parabolspiegelartig formed device and / or the laser device can be done for example by means of electric motors, piezo actuators, stepper motors, mechanical devices or the like.

In further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention, the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device consists of a plurality of individual mirror elements, wherein the mirror elements are individually controllable and alignable. The mirror elements can be designed in particular as hexagons, in particular honeycomb-shaped hexagons. Such a configuration of the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device results in a very accurate deflection or reflection of the incident laser beam.

In further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention, the laser device comprises at least one controllable and / or controllable optical system for deflecting and / or focusing its laser beam. As a result, there is, inter alia, the possibility that the laser beam can be directed not only in the direction of the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device, but also directly on the material layer. Thus, advantageously, the laser beam can be directed directly into the region of the laser shadow on the material layer, such that it also impinges in this area approximately perpendicular to the material layer.

In further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention this has at least one control device for controlling and / or regulating the laser device, for controlling and / or regulating the position of the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device and / or the laser device relative to the material layer and / or the control and / or regulation of the plurality of individual mirror elements of the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device. Advantageously, thus, for example by means of a single control device, the position and position of the laser device relative to the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device and the orientation and the amount of energy of the laser beam can be coordinated and performed.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object, wherein the method according to the invention comprises at least the following steps: a) layer-wise application of at least one material to at least one construction platform arranged within a construction space in the region of a build-up and joining zone; b) layer-by-layer and local fusion and / or sintering of the material by supplying energy by means of at least one laser beam in the region of the assembly and joining zone to form a layer of the object; c) layer-by-layer lowering of the build platform by a predefined layer thickness: and d) repeating steps a) to c) until completion of the object. In this case, the laser beam is generated by at least one laser device for the layered and local fusing and / or sintering of the material, wherein the laser device is arranged over and / or outside a construction platform, such that the generated laser beam via a beam deflection by means of the parabolic mirror or the Parabolspiegelartig formed device impinges on the material layer. In addition, a projection surface of the parabolic mirror or of the parabolic mirror-like device is larger or smaller than at least one construction surface of the construction platform, which is designed to apply the material. Thus, according to the invention, it is achieved that by means of the parabolic mirror arranged above the laser device or the device constructed like a parabolic mirror, the laser beam generated by the laser device can be introduced into virtually all regions of the material layer within the construction space with predefined angles of incidence. By choosing the size of the projection surface of the parabolic mirror or parabolspiegelartig designed device advantageously further design options and additional degrees of freedom. Without much design effort is a variety of additional degrees of freedom and thus improved settings for the way of Laser beam to achieve an improved quality of the manufactured three-dimensional object or a repair of the three-dimensional object. In this case, the projection surface can be formed at least 5% larger or smaller than the one building surface of the building platform. In particular, the projection area may be increased by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35%, 40%, 45%, 50%, 55%, 60%, 65%, 70%, 75%, 80%, 85% or 90% larger or smaller than the construction area of the building platform can be formed. Also intermediate values and other values are possible. The projection surface can completely enclose the building surface or at least partially cover it. Even in the event that the projection surface is smaller than the construction area, the construction area can completely enclose the projection area or at least partially cover it.

In an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the laser device can be arranged within the installation space at least temporarily in a focal point of the parabolic mirror or the parabolspiegelartig device, such that the laser beam generated by the laser device about a beam deflection by means of the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device approximately perpendicular to the material layer impinges on this. Advantageously, the laser beam according to the invention can be deflected such that it impinges approximately perpendicularly in almost all regions of the material layer. This contributes to a significantly improved quality of the three-dimensional object to be produced or repaired. The term "approximately perpendicular" is understood to mean that the laser beam impinges on the material layer at an angle of 90 ° +/- 5 °. The construction space described above is usually a process chamber for carrying out the additive manufacturing or repair process. The three-dimensional object to be produced or repaired may be a component or a component region of an aircraft engine, in particular a compressor or a turbine. The material used can be powdery, liquid or pasty and usually consists of metal, a metal alloy, ceramic or plastic or a mixture thereof.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the laser beam is deflected and / or focused via at least one controllable and / or controllable optical system of the laser device. In order for an exact alignment of the laser beam in the direction of the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device or the inside of the parabolic mirror or the inside or the parabolic mirror-like device but also a direct alignment and focusing of the laser beam on a region of the material layer, which is below the laser device and so that it is in a range of a laser shadow possible. In particular, the laser beam can be aligned such that it impinges approximately perpendicular to the region of the laser shadow on the material layer.

In further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention, the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device and / or the laser device during the manufacture or repair of the three-dimensional object relative to each other and / or moved relative to the material layer, such that the laser device at least temporarily no longer at the focal point of Parabolic or the parabolic mirror-like device is located. This advantageously results in an alternative possibility for exposure or irradiation of the region of the material layer located in the laser shadow. In addition, the laser device can be arranged outside the construction platform, that is to say not between the construction platform and the parabolic mirror or the parabolic mirror-like device. Thus, for example, the laser device can be designed to be movable at least partially around a circumference of the construction platform. These design possibilities make it possible for the region of the laser shadow to be exposed to the laser or for no laser shadow to be produced by the laser device. As already described above, it can be accepted that the laser beam in these cases does not impinge quite perpendicular to the material layer.

The features and advantages resulting from the use of the device according to the first aspect of the invention can be taken from the descriptions of the first aspect of the invention, advantageous embodiments of the first aspect of the invention being regarded as advantageous embodiments of the second aspect of the invention and vice versa.

A third aspect of the invention relates to a component for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, which is available and / or obtained by a method according to the second aspect of the invention and / or by a device according to the first aspect of the invention. Such a manufactured component has an excellent component quality due to its production according to the invention.

Further features of the invention will become apparent from the claims, the exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawings. The features and feature combinations mentioned above in the description and the following Features and feature combinations mentioned in the exemplary embodiments can be used not only in the particular combination indicated, but also in other combinations, without departing from the scope of the invention. Show

1 a schematic sectional view of a device according to the invention for the production or repair of a three-dimensional object according to a first embodiment;

2 a schematic sectional view of an inventive device for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object according to a second embodiment;

3 a schematic representation of an apparatus according to the invention for the production or repair of a three-dimensional object according to a third embodiment; and

4 a schematic representation of an apparatus according to the invention for the production or repair of a three-dimensional object according to a fourth embodiment.

1 shows a schematically illustrated device 10 for the generative production or generative repair of a three-dimensional object 36 according to a first embodiment. At the three-dimensional object 36 it may be an example of a component of a turbomachine. In particular, it may be a component of a turbine or a compressor of an aircraft engine. The device 10 has a coater (not shown) for the application of at least one powder layer of a material 16 on at least one assembly and joining zone 38 a lowerable building platform 14 on. The coater is by means of a positioning unit (not shown) within a construction space 12 the device 10 traversable. The movement of the coater takes place over and along the build platform 14 or the assembly and joining zone 38 , so that a uniform and layered order of the powdery material 16 as a material layer 22 on the build platform 14 is possible. The material 16 is powdered in the described embodiments. In particular, it is a powder of metal or a metal alloy. But there is also the possibility that other materials such as ceramic or plastic or a mixture of metal, metal alloy, ceramic or plastic are used. In addition, there is the possibility that the material may not only be powdered but also pasty or liquid. Optionally, other application methods by means of the coater are used when using such component materials.

The device 10 further comprises at least one laser device 18 for generating at least one laser beam 20 . 28 by means of which the powder layer 22 in the area of the assembly and joining zone 38 is meltable and / or sintered locally forming a molten bath to an object or component layer.

It can be seen that the laser device 18 within the installation space 12 at least temporarily in focus 26 one above the installation space 12 arranged parabolic mirror 24 may be arranged such that of the laser device 18 generated laser beams 20 . 28 via a beam deflection on an inside 42 of the parabolic mirror 24 approximately perpendicular to the material layer 22 impinges on this. It can be seen that the laser device 18 outgoing laser beams 20 . 28 on the inside 42 of the parabolic mirror 24 are directed. At this the laser beams become 20 . 28 deflected or reflected so that they are approximately perpendicular to the material layer 22 incident. The concave opening of the parabolic mirror 24 points in the direction of the material 16 or the build platform 14 , Between the parabolic mirror 24 and the material 16 or the build platform 14 is the laser device 18 arranged.

It can be seen that the concave opening of the parabolic mirror 24 , which has a projection surface P1 of the parabolic mirror 24 represents, is larger than a building area B of the building platform 14 , which are the order of the material 16 is trained. The projection surface P1 and the construction surface B is shown in this figure as well as the following figures only as a schematic section line, which reproduces the longitudinal extent of the projection surface P1 and the construction surface B only in one direction. The actual projection surface P1 or the actual construction surface B naturally results from a further expansion transversely to the illustrated longitudinal extent. However, it is clear that the projection surface P1 is significantly larger than the construction area B of the construction platform 14 , In the illustrated embodiment, the construction area B is completely surrounded by the projection surface P1.

In the illustrated embodiment are other ways of operating the device 10 indicated schematically. So, the distance between the original focus 26 of the parabolic mirror 24 located laser device 18 and the parabolic mirror 24 or its inside 42 by a movement of the parabolic mirror 24 and / or the laser device 18 be enlarged along a central axis to each other (see double arrow). The laser device 18 would no longer be in focus in this second application 26 but in a spaced-apart position. Because the laser device 18 no longer in focus 26 of the parabolic mirror 24 is located, a corresponding from the laser device 18 generated and in the direction of the parabolic mirror 24 directed laser beam in such a way from the inside of the parabolic mirror 24 deflects or reflects that it is at an angle different to the perpendicular on the material layer 22 incident. However, this can be accepted, since thus areas which are in an area of the laser device 18 resulting laser shadow on the material layer 22 can still be irradiated. The laser device 18 can also be moved vertically or at a different angle relative to the central axis (see double arrow).

But it is also possible that, according to another application, the laser device 18 generates a laser beam (not shown), which directly on the material layer 22 that means without distraction by the parabolic mirror 24 , is judged.

But there is also the possibility that the parabolic mirror 24 relative to the laser device 18 is moved or moved (see double arrows above the parabolic mirror 24 ).

2 shows a schematic representation of a device 10 for making or repairing a three-dimensional object 36 according to a second embodiment. The naming of the individual features of the device 10 correspond with matching reference numerals the features of the device described in the first embodiment 10 according to 1 , Unlike the in 1 illustrated embodiment is in accordance with the embodiment 2 the laser device 18 no longer in the focus of the parabolic mirror 24 arranged. Rather, the laser device is now laterally spaced from an imaginary center line of the parabolic mirror 24 or the focal point of the parabolic mirror 24 , In addition, the laser device 18 outside an area of the build platform 14 arranged. Furthermore, the laser device 18 however between the parabolic mirror 24 or its projection surface P1 and the material layer 22 arranged. It can be seen that the laser device 18 Laser beams emitted at different angles 30 . 32 on the inside 42 of the parabolic mirror 24 be reflected at different angles. However, the angles are chosen such that the laser beams 30 . 32 still approximately perpendicular, that is here at an angle between about 85 ° and 90 ° to the material layer to be fused 22 incident. Due to the fact that the laser device 18 outside the build platform 14 and thus also outside of their construction area B is arranged, no results from the laser device 18 generated laser shadow on the material layer 22 , Also in this embodiment, both the laser device 18 as well as the parabolic mirror 24 movable, that is, for example, designed to be movable. The projection surface P1 of the parabolic mirror 24 is again significantly larger than the construction area B of the construction platform 14 ,

3 shows a schematic representation of a device 10 for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object according to a third embodiment. Features that match those in the 1 and 2 match embodiments shown are numbered with the same reference numerals. Unlike the ones in the 1 and 2 illustrated embodiments, the device 10 here a laser device 18 on that around a perimeter of the build platform 14 is formed movable. The laser device 18 is in two positions outside the build platform 14 shown. It can be seen that the laser beams 40 . 44 again on the inside 42 of the parabolic mirror 24 be reflected so that they on the material layer 22 hit and melt them in the appropriate places. The in the illustrated embodiments not perpendicular to the material layer 22 incident laser beams 40 . 44 are used in particular for the exposure of contours or end regions of the objects 36 , which are also formed at comparable angles.

The projection surface P1 of the parabolic mirror 24 is again significantly larger than the construction area B of the construction platform 14 ,

4 shows a schematic representation of a device 10 for making or repairing a three-dimensional object 36 according to a fourth embodiment. Features of the device shown here 10 that match the features of the 1 to 3 correspond to devices shown are designated by identical reference numerals. Unlike the ones in the 1 to 3 shown embodiments, the device shown here 10 a parabolic mirror 34 on, in which a projection area P2 is smaller than the construction area B of the building platform 14 , Furthermore, the laser device 18 shown in two positions. In a first position, the laser device is located 18 again within the installation space 12 in the spotlight 26 of the above the space 12 arranged parabolic mirror 34 , The one with the laser device 18 generated laser beam 46 will turn on the inside 42 of the parabolic mirror 34 reflected, such that it is approximately perpendicular to the material layer 22 incident. In a second arrangement, the laser device 18 laterally offset to the focal point 26 and outside the projection area P2 of the parabolic mirror 34 arranged. The in this position of the laser device 18 emitted laser beams 48 . 50 turn on the inside 42 of the parabolic mirror 34 reflected, such that they are approximately perpendicular or at an angle to the material layer 22 incident. By the arrangement of the laser device outside the projection surface P2 of the parabolic mirror 34 is the emergence of a laser shadow, as in the first-mentioned position of the laser device 18 exists, avoided.

Furthermore, it can be seen that the projection surface P2 completely from the building surface B of the building platform 14 enclosed or surrounded.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

contraption

12

space

14

building platform

16

material

18

laser device

20

laser beam

22

Material layer

24

parade

26

focus

28

laser beam

30

laser beam

32

laser beam

34

parade

36

object

38

Assembly and joining zone

40

laser beam

42

inside

44

laser beam

46

laser beam

48

laser beam

50

laser beam

P1

projection

P2

projection

B

construction area

QUOTES INCLUDE IN THE DESCRIPTION

This list of the documents listed by the applicant has been generated automatically and is included solely for the better information of the reader. The list is not part of the German patent or utility model application. The DPMA assumes no liability for any errors or omissions.

Cited patent literature

• DE 102009051479 A1 [0003]

Claims (15)

Contraption ( 10 ) for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object ( 36 ) comprising: - at least one installation space ( 12 ) for a layered, successive solidification of at least one solidifiable material ( 16 ) in predefined regions for the layered construction of the three-dimensional object ( 36 ) or for layerwise repair of individual areas of the three-dimensional object ( 36 ) within the installation space ( 12 ); and - at least one laser device ( 18 ) for generating at least one laser beam ( 20 . 28 . 30 . 32 . 40 . 44 . 46 . 48 . 50 ) by means of which a material layer ( 22 ) is locally fusible and / or sinterable to an object layer, characterized in that the device ( 10 ) at least one parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or at least one parabolic mirror-shaped device, wherein an inner side ( 42 ) of the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device concave to the material layer ( 22 ) and the laser device ( 18 ) over and / or outside a build platform ( 14 ) is arranged such that the generated laser beam ( 20 . 28 . 30 . 32 . 40 . 44 . 46 . 48 . 50 ) via a beam deflection by means of the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device on the material layer ( 22 ), wherein a projection surface (P1, P2) of the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device is larger or smaller than at least one construction surface (B) of the building platform ( 14 ) required for the application of the material ( 16 ) is trained. Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 1, characterized in that the projection surface (P1, P2) by at least 5% larger or smaller than the construction area (B) of the building platform ( 14 ) is trained. Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the laser device ( 18 ) inside, above and / or outside the construction space ( 12 ) is arranged. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser device ( 18 ) at least temporarily in focus ( 26 ) of the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolspiegelartig device is arranged such that the of the laser device ( 18 ) generated laser beam ( 20 . 28 . 46 ) on the beam deflection by means of the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device approximately perpendicular to the material layer ( 22 ) impinges on this. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device and / or the laser device ( 18 ) relative to one another and / or relative to the material layer ( 22 ) are designed to be movable. Contraption ( 10 ) according to claim 5, characterized in that the laser device ( 18 ) at least partially around an extent of the build platform ( 14 ) is designed movable. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device consists of a plurality of individual mirror elements, wherein the mirror elements are individually controllable and alignable. Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the laser device ( 18 ) at least one controllable and / or controllable optical system for deflecting and / or focusing its laser beam ( 20 . 28 . 30 . 32 . 40 . 44 . 46 . 48 . 50 ). Contraption ( 10 ) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the device ( 10 ) at least one control device for controlling and / or regulating the laser device ( 18 ), for controlling and / or regulating the position of the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device and / or the laser device ( 18 ) relative to the material layer ( 22 ) and / or for controlling and / or regulating the plurality of individual mirror elements of the parabolic mirror ( 24 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device comprises. Method for producing or repairing a three-dimensional object ( 36 ) comprising at least the following steps: a) layer by layer application of at least one material ( 16 ) to at least one within a construction space ( 12 ) construction platform ( 14 ) in the region of a buildup and joining zone ( 38 ); b) Layer by layer and local fusion and / or sintering of the material ( 16 ) by supplying energy by means of at least one laser beam ( 20 . 28 . 30 . 32 . 40 . 44 . 46 . 48 . 50 ) in the area of the assembly and joining zone ( 38 ) for forming a layer of the object ( 36 ); c) Layer by layer lowering of the construction platform ( 14 ) by a predefined layer thickness; and d) repeating steps a) to c) until completion of the object ( 36 ), characterized in that for the layered and local fusing and / or sintering of the material ( 16 ) the laser beam ( 20 . 28 . 30 . 32 . 40 . 44 . 46 . 48 . 50 ) by means of at least one laser device ( 18 ), which is over- and / or outside the build platform ( 14 ) is arranged in such a way that the generated laser beam ( 20 . 28 . 30 . 32 . 40 . 44 . 46 . 48 . 50 ) via a beam deflection by means of a parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or a parabolic mirror-like device on the material layer ( 22 ), wherein a projection surface (P1, P2) of the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device is larger or smaller than at least one construction surface (B) of the building platform ( 14 ) required for the application of the material ( 16 ) is trained. A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the projection surface (P1, P2) by at least 5% larger or smaller than the construction area (B) of the building platform ( 14 ) is trained. Method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the laser device ( 18 ) within the installation space ( 12 ) is arranged and at least temporarily in a focal point ( 26 ) of the parabolic mirror ( 24 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device is arranged, such that the of the laser device ( 18 ) generated laser beam ( 20 . 28 . 46 ) via a beam deflection by means of the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device approximately perpendicular to the material layer ( 22 ) impinges on this. Method according to one of claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the laser beam ( 20 . 28 . 30 . 32 . 40 . 44 . 46 . 48 . 50 ) via at least one controllable and / or controllable optical system of the laser device ( 18 ) and / or the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device is deflected and / or focused and / or by moving the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device and / or the laser device ( 18 ) is controlled relative to each other and / or relative to the object layer and / or the parabolic mirror ( 24 . 34 ) or the parabolic mirror-like device and / or the laser device ( 18 ) during the manufacture or repair of the three-dimensional object ( 36 ) relative to one another and / or relative to the material layer ( 22 ) are moved. Method according to one of claims 10 to 13, characterized in that the laser device ( 18 ) at least partially around an extent of the build platform ( 14 ) is movable.  Component for a turbomachine, in particular for an aircraft engine, obtainable by a device according to one of claims 1 to 9 and / or obtained by a method according to one of claims 10 to 14.

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