WO2018214394A1 - 抬头显示系统及汽车 - Google Patents

抬头显示系统及汽车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018214394A1
WO2018214394A1 PCT/CN2017/106808 CN2017106808W WO2018214394A1 WO 2018214394 A1 WO2018214394 A1 WO 2018214394A1 CN 2017106808 W CN2017106808 W CN 2017106808W WO 2018214394 A1 WO2018214394 A1 WO 2018214394A1
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Prior art keywords
nano
imaging film
pixel
display system
diffraction grating
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PCT/CN2017/106808
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
朱鸣
张瑾
朱鹏飞
浦东林
陈林森
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苏州苏大维格光电科技股份有限公司
苏州大学
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Publication of WO2018214394A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018214394A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K35/00—Instruments specially adapted for vehicles; Arrangement of instruments in or on vehicles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K2360/00—Indexing scheme associated with groups B60K35/00 or B60K37/00 relating to details of instruments or dashboards
    • B60K2360/20—Optical features of instruments
    • B60K2360/33—Illumination features
    • B60K2360/334—Projection means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of head-up display technology, and in particular to a head-up display system and an automobile.
  • the head-up display system on the car can display important driving information such as speed, engine revolutions, fuel consumption, tire pressure, navigation and information of external smart devices on the front windshield in real time, so that the driver does not have to bow his head. See driving information to avoid distracting the driver's attention to the road ahead; at the same time, the driver does not have to adjust the eye between the distant road and the nearby instrument to avoid eye fatigue and greatly enhance driving safety and Improve the driving experience.
  • the implementation of the head-up display technology mainly adopts two methods of illuminating imaging and projection imaging, wherein the projection imaging uses the front windshield of the automobile itself or an additional optical component to perform projection display. Since the projector forms a real image, a receiving screen is needed. Display image, generally using a windshield or a separate screen as a receiving screen. If the receiving screen is not a windshield, a separate flat receiving screen is required, resulting in increased costs. If the windshield is used as the receiving screen, since the windshield is curved glass, in order to ensure that the image on the receiving screen is not twisted and deformed, an optical element such as an aspherical lens or a curved inverse mirror is generally used for pattern correction of the projection image. The projection system is complicated, and these optical components are not only bulky but also costly to process.
  • a head-up display system comprising a nano-imaging film, a windshield and a projection device
  • the nano-imaging film comprises a plurality of pixels, each of which is provided with a nano-diffraction grating
  • the nano-imaging film is disposed on the windshield
  • the projection device is disposed at Within the focal length of the nano-imaging film
  • the projection device can project the image light onto the nano-imaging film, and each pixel of the nano-imaging film reflects the diffracted light through the nano-diffraction grating, and converges the diffracted light at the front end of the nano-imaging film into a viewpoint.
  • the image light of the projection device has an oblique angle with the surface of the nanoimaging film, and the projection device projects the image onto the nanoimaging film and forms an enlarged image at the rear end of the nano imaging film.
  • the erect virtual image is a preferred embodiment of the invention.
  • each pixel includes a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel, and a third sub-pixel, and the first sub-pixel is provided with a first nano-diffraction grating for reflecting red light, and the second sub-pixel A second nano-diffraction grating for reflecting green light is disposed in the pixel, and a third nano-diffraction grating for reflecting blue light is disposed in the third sub-pixel.
  • the nanoimprinting film comprises a base layer and a structural layer, one side of the base layer is attached to the windshield, and the other side of the base layer is provided with a structural layer, and the structural layer is combined by a nano-diffraction grating of each pixel. form.
  • the structural layer is in the form of a Fresnel lens.
  • the viewpoint is offset from the axis of the nanoimaging film.
  • the period and orientation angle of the nano-diffraction grating within each pixel are different.
  • the period and orientation angle of the nano-diffraction grating within each pixel is calculated from the grating diffraction equation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a car that can take on a virtual image, has an imaging function, simplifies the projection system, and is low in cost.
  • a vehicle comprising the above described head-up display system.
  • the nano imaging film of the head-up display system of the present invention comprises a plurality of pixels, each of which is provided with a nano-diffraction grating, the nano-imaging film is disposed on the windshield, and the projection device is disposed within the focal length of the nano-imaging film, and the projection device can The image light is projected onto the nano-imaging film, and each pixel of the nano-imaging film reflects the diffracted light through the nano-diffraction grating, and condenses the diffracted light into a viewpoint at the front end of the nano-imaging film.
  • the head-up display system of the present invention can be concentrated at the front end of the nano-imaging film to enable the driver to view the virtual image formed at the rear end of the nano-imaging film, that is, the nano-imaging film can receive the virtual image, and has an imaging function, which simplifies the projection system.
  • the nanoimaging film of the present invention is less expensive than existing wedge films.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a head-up display system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a partial plan view of a nanoimaging film of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a side elevational view of a nanoimaging film of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of the optical path of the head-up display system of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a head-up display system of the present invention.
  • the heads up display system 10 includes a nano-imaging film 12, a windshield 13, and a projection device 14.
  • the nano-imaging film 12 is disposed on the windshield 13 and located inside the windshield 13.
  • the nano-imaging film 12 includes a plurality of pixels 101, each of which is provided with a nano-diffraction grating 124.
  • Each of the pixels 101 on the nano-imaging film 12 reflects the diffracted light b through the nano-diffraction grating 124, and images the diffracted light b in the nanometer.
  • the front end of the membrane 12 is brought together into a viewpoint c, that is, the viewpoint c is in the cab and is near the driver's eyes.
  • the nano-imaging film 12 includes a base layer 122 and a structural layer 123.
  • One side of the base layer 122 is attached to the windshield 13, and the other side of the base layer 122 is provided with a structural layer 123.
  • the structural layer 123 is formed by the nano-diffraction grating of each pixel 101. 124 is formed in combination.
  • the nano-imaging film 12 can be a multi-layer structure, for example, including a multi-layer base layer 122 and a multi-layer structure layer 123, and the structure layer 123 is disposed between the adjacent two base layers 122.
  • the period and orientation angle of the nano-diffraction grating 124 in each of the pixels 101 of the nano-imaging film 12 are different, so that the structural layer 123 of the nano-imaging film 12 has a Fresnel lens structure.
  • Nano-diffraction grating in each pixel 101 The period and orientation angle of 124 are calculated from the grating diffraction equations (1) and (2):
  • ⁇ 2 represents the diffraction angle of the diffracted light b.
  • the width direction of the nano-imaging film 12 is defined as a first direction X; the length direction of the nano-imaging film 12 is defined as a second direction Y; and the thickness direction of the nano-imaging film 12 is defined as a third direction Z;
  • One direction X, the second direction Y, and the third direction Z are perpendicular to each other.
  • the azimuth angle indicates an angle between the diffracted light b and the first direction X (positive direction);
  • the diffraction angle ⁇ 2 represents an angle between the diffracted light b and the third direction Z (forward and reverse);
  • the orientation angle ⁇ represents an angle between the groove direction of the nano-diffraction grating 124 and the second direction Y (positive direction);
  • the incident angle ⁇ 1 represents an angle between the image light a and the first direction X (positive direction);
  • the period ⁇ represents the spacing between adjacent two nano-diffraction gratings 124.
  • the period ⁇ and orientation angle ⁇ of the desired nano-diffraction grating 124 are obtained. For example, red light of a wavelength ⁇ of 650 nm is incident at an incident angle ⁇ 1 of 60°, a diffraction angle ⁇ 2 of the diffracted light b is 10°, and an azimuth angle ⁇ of the diffracted light b is 45°, and a corresponding nano-diffraction grating is obtained by calculation.
  • the period ⁇ of 124 is 550 nm, and the orientation angle ⁇ is -5.96°.
  • each image The diffracted light b reflected by the nano-diffraction grating 124 at the same position in the element 101 can be concentrated at a viewpoint c to constitute a view image.
  • the nanoimaging film 12 of the present invention can be concentrated by the nano-diffraction grating 124 at the front end of the nano-imaging film 12 into a viewpoint c, and the driver can observe the rear end of the nano-imaging film 12 (outside the windshield 13) in the vicinity of the viewpoint c ) forming an enlarged erect virtual image d.
  • the nano-diffraction gratings 124 in each of the pixels 101 can be respectively designed to correspond to the red light R (wavelength 650 nm) by the above two formulas (1) and (2). , nano-grating structure of green light G (wavelength 550 nm) and blue light B (wavelength 450 nm).
  • each pixel includes a first sub-pixel, a second sub-pixel and a third sub-pixel, and a first nano-diffraction grating for reflecting red light R is disposed in the first sub-pixel, and a green color is disposed in the second sub-pixel a second nano-diffraction grating of light G, wherein a third nano-diffraction grating for reflecting blue light B is disposed in the third sub-pixel, and periodic ⁇ and orientation angles of the first nano-diffraction grating, the second nano-diffraction grating, and the third nano-diffraction grating ⁇ can be calculated according to equations (1) and (2).
  • the viewpoint c formed by the convergence of the nano-imaging film 12 is on the axis of the nano-imaging film 12, but is not limited thereto, for example, by the period of the nano-diffraction grating 124 in each pixel 101.
  • the ⁇ and orientation angle ⁇ are specially designed such that the viewpoint c formed by the convergence deviates from the axis of the nano-imaging film 12, that is, the viewpoint c is not on the axis of the nano-imaging film 12, so that the driver can view the nano-imaging film 12
  • the virtual image d formed at the end is specially designed such that the viewpoint c formed by the convergence deviates from the axis of the nano-imaging film 12, that is, the viewpoint c is not on the axis of the nano-imaging film 12, so that the driver can view the nano-imaging film 12
  • the virtual image d formed at the end is specially designed such that the viewpoint c formed by the convergence deviates from the axis of the nano-imaging film 12, that is, the
  • each pixel 101 of the nano-imaging film 12 reflects the diffracted light b through the nano-diffraction grating 124 and converges at the front end of the nano-imaging film 12 as a viewpoint c.
  • the image light a emitted by the projection device 14 is parallel light, and the image light a of the projection device 14 and the surface of the nano-imaging film 12 have a fixed inclination angle, and the tilt angle of the projection device 14 can be adjusted to realize adjustment.
  • An angle between the image light a and the first direction X (positive direction) (incident angle ⁇ 1 ). Since the projection device 14 is disposed within the focal length of the nanoimaging film 12, according to the optical imaging principle, after the projection device 14 projects the image light a onto the nanoimaging film 12, an enlarged erect virtual image can be formed at the rear end of the nanoimaging film 12. d.
  • the projection device 14 is respectively connected with related instruments, sensors, external smart devices and the like of the automobile for projecting and displaying important driving information, and the image projected by the projection device 14 is, for example, related text, speed, engine rotation. Image information such as number, fuel consumption, tire pressure, navigation, night vision, etc.
  • the nano-imaging film 12 of the head-up display system 10 of the present invention comprises a plurality of pixels 101, each of which is provided with a nano-diffraction grating 124, the nano-imaging film 12 is disposed on the windshield 13, and the projection device 14 is disposed on the nano-imaging film Within the focal length of 12, the projection device 14 can project the image light a onto the nano-imaging film 12, each pixel 101 of the nano-imaging film 12 reflects the diffracted light b through the nano-diffraction grating 124, and the diffracted light b is in the nano-imaging film 12. The front end converges into viewpoint c.
  • the head-up display system 10 of the present invention can converge at the front end of the nano-imaging film 12 into a viewpoint c, so that the driver can view the virtual image d formed at the rear end of the nano-imaging film 12, that is, the nano-imaging film 12 can receive the virtual image d, with imaging Features simplify the projection system.
  • the nanoimaging film 12 of the present invention is less expensive than existing wedge films.
  • the nano-imaging film 12 of the present invention can be directly attached to the windshield 13, and the period ⁇ and the orientation angle ⁇ of the position nano-diffraction grating 124 can be calculated according to the curvature of the position of the windshield 13 at different positions, so that the slave projection device 14 The image light a projected in at this position forms the diffracted light b of a specific reflection angle at this position, and ensures that the formed virtual image does not undergo distortion.
  • the nano-imaging film 12 is only reflected by light in a specific spectral range (for example, an incident angle ⁇ 1 only for a preset value) The image light a is reflected), which improves the utilization of the projected light and the transmittance of the ambient light.
  • the invention also relates to a motor vehicle comprising the above-described head-up display system 10, with respect to other automobiles Please refer to the prior art for the structure, and will not be described here.

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Abstract

一种抬头显示系统（10），包括纳米成像膜（12）、挡风玻璃（13）和投影装置（14），纳米成像膜（12）包括多个像素（101），每个像素（101）内设有纳米衍射光栅（124），纳米成像膜（12）设置在挡风玻璃（13）上，投影装置（14）设置在纳米成像膜（12）的焦距内，投影装置（14）可将图像光投影到纳米成像膜（12）上，纳米成像膜（12）的各像素（101）通过纳米衍射光栅（124）反射衍射光，并将衍射光在纳米成像膜（12）的前端汇聚成视点。还公开了一种汽车。这种抬头显示系统能够承接虚像，简化投影系统，并且成本低。

Description

抬头显示系统及汽车
本申请要求了申请日为2017年05月25日,申请号201710388885.0,发明名称为“抬头显示系统及汽车”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及抬头显示技术领域，特别涉及一种抬头显示系统及汽车。
背景技术
随着科学技术的发展，抬头显示(HUD，Head Up Display)系统被越来越多地在汽车上使用。汽车上的抬头显示系统能够将重要的行车信息，例如速度、发动机转数、油耗、胎压、导航以及外接智能设备的信息实时地显示在前挡风玻璃上,使驾驶员不必低头，就可以看到行车信息，从而避免分散驾驶员对前方道路的注意力；同时使得驾驶员不必在观察远方的道路和近处的仪表之间调节眼睛，可以避免眼睛的疲劳，能够极大地增强行车安全和改进驾驶体验。
目前抬头显示技术的实现主要通过发光成像和投影成像两种方式，其中投影成像利用汽车前挡风玻璃本身或者额外设置的光学元件进行投影显示，由于投影仪形成的是实像，需要一个承接屏来显示像,一般采用挡风玻璃或者独立的屏幕作为承接屏。如果承接屏不是挡风玻璃，则需要一块独立的平面承接屏，造成成本增加。如果将挡风玻璃作为承接屏，由于挡风玻璃为曲面玻璃，为保证在承接屏上的像不扭曲形变，一般会采用非球面透镜，曲面反色镜等光学原件对投影成像进行图形矫正，使投影系统很复杂，这些光学元件不仅体积大，而且加工成本高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于，提供了一种抬头显示系统，能够承接虚像，具有成像功能，简化了投影系统，并且成本低。
本发明解决其技术问题是采用以下的技术方案来实现的。
一种抬头显示系统，包括纳米成像膜、挡风玻璃和投影装置，纳米成像膜包括多个像素，每个像素内设有纳米衍射光栅，纳米成像膜设置在挡风玻璃上，投影装置设置在纳米成像膜的焦距内，投影装置可将图像光投影到纳米成像膜上，纳米成像膜的各像素通过纳米衍射光栅反射衍射光，并将衍射光在纳米成像膜的前端汇聚成视点。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述投影装置的图像光与纳米成像膜的表面之间具有倾斜角，投影装置将图像投影到纳米成像膜上，并在纳米成像膜的后端形成放大的正立虚像。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，每个像素包括第一子像素、第二子像素和第三子像素，第一子像素内设有用于反射红光的第一纳米衍射光栅，第二子像素内设有用于反射绿光的第二纳米衍射光栅，第三子像素内设有用于反射蓝光的第三纳米衍射光栅。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述纳米成像膜包括基层和结构层，基层的一侧面贴在挡风玻璃上，基层的另一侧面设置结构层，结构层由各像素的纳米衍射光栅组合形成。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述结构层呈菲涅尔透镜结构。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，上述视点偏离该纳米成像膜的轴心线。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，每个像素内的纳米衍射光栅的周期和取向角不同。
在本发明的较佳实施例中，每个像素内的纳米衍射光栅的周期和取向角由光栅衍射方程计算得出。
本发明的另一目的在于，提供了一种汽车，能够承接虚像，具有成像功能，简化了投影系统，并且成本低。
一种汽车，包括上述的抬头显示系统。
本发明的抬头显示系统的纳米成像膜包括多个像素，每个像素内设有纳米衍射光栅，纳米成像膜设置在挡风玻璃上，投影装置设置在纳米成像膜的焦距内，投影装置可将图像光投影到纳米成像膜上，纳米成像膜的各像素通过纳米衍射光栅反射衍射光，并将衍射光在纳米成像膜的前端汇聚成视点。本发明的抬头显示系统可在纳米成像膜的前端汇聚成视点，使驾驶员能够观看到在纳米成像膜后端形成的虚像，即纳米成像膜能够承接虚像，具有成像功能，简化了投影系统。同时，本发明的纳米成像膜与现有的楔形膜相比，成本低。
上述说明仅是本发明技术方案的概述，为了能够更清楚了解本发明的技术手段，而可依照说明书的内容予以实施，并且为了让本发明的上述和其他目的、特征和优点能够更明显易懂，以下特举较佳实施例，并配合附图，详细说明。
附图说明
图1是本发明的抬头显示系统的结构示意图。
图2是本发明的纳米成像膜的局部平面示意图。
图3是本发明的纳米成像膜的侧视示意图。
图4是本发明的抬头显示系统的光路示意图。
具体实施方式
为更进一步阐述本发明为达成预定发明目的所采取的技术手段及功效，以下结合附图及较佳实施例，对依据本发明提出的抬头显示系统及汽车的具体实施方式、结构、特征及其功效，详细说明如下:
有关本发明的前述及其它技术内容、特点及功效，在以下配合参考图式的较佳实施例的详细说明中将可清楚呈现。通过具体实施方式的说明，当可对本发明为达成预定目的所采取的技术手段及功效得以更加深入且具体的了解，然而所附图式仅是提供参考与说明之用，并非用来对本发明加以限制。
图1是本发明的抬头显示系统的结构示意图。如图1所示，在本实施例中,抬头显示系统10包括纳米成像膜12、挡风玻璃13和投影装置14。
图2是本发明的纳米成像膜的局部平面示意图。图3是本发明的纳米成像膜的侧视示意图。如图1、图2和图3所示，在本实施例中，纳米成像膜12设置在挡风玻璃13上，并位于挡风玻璃13的内侧。纳米成像膜12包括多个像素101，每个像素101内设有纳米衍射光栅124，纳米成像膜12上的每个像素101通过纳米衍射光栅124反射衍射光b，并将衍射光b在纳米成像膜12的前端汇集成视点c，即视点c在驾驶室内，并在驾驶员的眼睛附近。
具体地，纳米成像膜12包括基层122和结构层123，基层122的一侧面贴在挡风玻璃13上，基层122的另一侧面设置结构层123，结构层123由各像素101的纳米衍射光栅124组合形成。在本实施例中，纳米成像膜12可为多层结构，例如包括多层基层122和多层结构层123，结构层123设置于相邻的两基层122之间。
纳米成像膜12的每个像素101内的纳米衍射光栅124的周期和取向角不同，使纳米成像膜12的结构层123呈菲涅尔透镜结构。每个像素101内的纳米衍射光栅 124的周期和取向角由光栅衍射方程(1)和(2)计算得出：
tanψ＝sinφ/(cosφ-n sinθ1(Λ/λ))    (1)
其中，ψ表示衍射光b的方位角；φ表示纳米衍射光栅124的取向角；θ1表示图像光a的入射角；Λ表示纳米衍射光栅124的周期；λ表示图像光a的波长；n表示纳米成像膜12的折射率；
sin2(θ2)＝(λ/Λ)2+(n sinθ1)2+2n sinθ1cosφ(λ/Λ)     (2)
其中，θ2表示衍射光b的衍射角。
如图3所示，定义纳米成像膜12的宽度方向为第一方向X；定义纳米成像膜12的长度方向为第二方向Y；定义纳米成像膜12的厚度方向为第三方向Z；且第一方向X、第二方向Y和第三方向Z相互垂直。
其中，方位角ψ示衍射光b与第一方向X(正方向)的夹角；
衍射角θ2表示衍射光b与第三方向Z(正反向)的夹角；
取向角φ表示纳米衍射光栅124的槽型方向与第二方向Y(正方向)的夹角；
入射角θ1表示图像光a与第一方向X(正方向)的夹角；
周期Λ表示相邻两个纳米衍射光栅124之间的间距。
因此，在规定好图像光a的波长λ、入射角θ1以及衍射光b的衍射角θ2和衍射光b的方位角ψ之后，就可以根据上述两个公式(1)和(2)计算出所需的纳米衍射光栅124的周期Λ和取向角φ。例如，650nm波长λ的红光以60°的入射角θ1入射，衍射光b的衍射角θ2为10°、衍射光b的方位角ψ为45°，通过计算得出对应的纳米衍射光栅124的周期Λ为550nm，取向角φ为-5.96°。
按照上述原理设定每个像素101内的各个纳米衍射光栅124的周期Λ和取向角φ后，由于一个纳米衍射光栅124相当于单个离轴菲涅尔透镜结构，因此，各个像 素101中相同位置的纳米衍射光栅124反射的衍射光b就可以会聚于一个视点c，构成一视角图像。
本发明的纳米成像膜12可通过纳米衍射光栅124在纳米成像膜12的前端汇聚成视点c，驾驶员在视点c的附近可以观察到在纳米成像膜12的后端(挡风玻璃13的外面)形成放大的正立虚像d。在本实施例中，当需要形成彩色虚像d时，通过上述两个公式(1)和(2)，可将每个像素101内的纳米衍射光栅124分别设计成对应红光R(波长650nm)、绿光G(波长550nm)和蓝光B(波长450nm)的纳米光栅结构。例如，每个像素包括第一子像素、第二子像素和第三子像素，第一子像素内设有用于反射红光R的第一纳米衍射光栅，第二子像素内设有用于反射绿光G的第二纳米衍射光栅，第三子像素内设有用于反射蓝光B的第三纳米衍射光栅,第一纳米衍射光栅、第二纳米衍射光栅和第三纳米衍射光栅的周期Λ和取向角φ可根据公式(1)和(2)计算得出。
值得一提的是，纳米成像膜12汇聚形成的视点c处于纳米成像膜12的轴心线上，但并不以此为限，例如可通过对每个像素101内的纳米衍射光栅124的周期Λ和取向角φ进行特殊设计，使汇聚形成的视点c偏离纳米成像膜12的轴心线，即视点c不在纳米成像膜12的轴心线上，以方便驾驶员观看在纳米成像膜12后端形成的虚像d。
图4是本发明的抬头显示系统的光路示意图。如图1、图3和图4所示，投影装置14安装在汽车的中控台10a上，并位于纳米成像膜12的焦距f内，投影装置14可将图像光a投影到纳米成像膜12上，纳米成像膜12的各像素101通过纳米衍射光栅124反射衍射光b，并在纳米成像膜12的前端汇聚成视点c。在本实施例中，投影装置14发出的图像光a为平行光，投影装置14的图像光a与纳米成像膜12的表面之间具有固定倾斜角，可调整投影装置14的倾斜角，实现调整图像光a与第一方向 X(正方向)之间的夹角(入射角θ1)。由于投影装置14设置在纳米成像膜12的焦距内，根据光学成像原理，投影装置14将图像光a投影到纳米成像膜12上后，可在纳米成像膜12的后端形成放大的正立虚像d。值得一提的是，投影装置14分别与汽车的相关仪器仪表、传感器、外接智能设备等相连接，用于投影显示重要的行车信息，投影装置14投影的图像例如为相关文字、速度、发动机转数、油耗、胎压、导航、夜视等图像信息。
本发明的抬头显示系统10的纳米成像膜12包括多个像素101，每个像素101内设有纳米衍射光栅124，纳米成像膜12设置在挡风玻璃13上，投影装置14设置在纳米成像膜12的焦距内，投影装置14可将图像光a投影到纳米成像膜12上，纳米成像膜12的各像素101通过纳米衍射光栅124反射衍射光b，并将衍射光b在纳米成像膜12的前端汇聚成视点c。本发明的抬头显示系统10可在纳米成像膜12的前端汇聚成视点c，使驾驶员能够观看到在纳米成像膜12后端形成的虚像d，即纳米成像膜12能够承接虚像d，具有成像功能，简化了投影系统。同时，本发明的纳米成像膜12与现有的楔形膜相比，成本低。
而且，本发明的纳米成像膜12可直接贴附在挡风玻璃13上，根据挡风玻璃13不同位置的曲率，计算该位置纳米衍射光栅124的周期Λ和取向角φ，使从投影装置14中投射出来的图像光a在该位置形成特定反射角度的衍射光b，保证形成的虚像不发生扭曲变形。
此外，通过对纳米成像膜12的纳米衍射光栅124的结构设计(利用上述公式计算)，使纳米成像膜12只对特定光谱范围内的光进行反射(例如只对预设值的入射角θ1的图像光a进行反射)，提高了投影光的利用率和环境光的透射率。
本发明还涉及一种汽车，该汽车包括上述的抬头显示系统10，关于汽车的其他 结构请参照现有技术，此处不再赘述。
以上结合附图详细描述了本发明的优选实施方式，但是本发明并不限于上述实施方式中的具体细节，在本发明的技术构思范围内，可以对本发明的技术方案进行多种简单变型，这些简单变型均属于本发明的保护范围。在上述具体实施方式中所描述的各个具体技术特征，在不矛盾的情况下，可以通过任何合适的方式进行组合。为了避免不必要的重复，本发明对各种可能的组合方式不再另行说明。

Claims (9)

  1. 一种抬头显示系统，其特征在于，包括纳米成像膜(12)、挡风玻璃(13)和投影装置(14)，该纳米成像膜(12)包括多个像素(101)，每个像素(101)内设有纳米衍射光栅(124)，该纳米成像膜(12)设置在该挡风玻璃(13)上，该投影装置(14)设置在该纳米成像膜(12)的焦距内，该投影装置(14)可将图像光投影到该纳米成像膜(12)上，该纳米成像膜(12)的各像素(101)通过纳米衍射光栅(124)反射衍射光，并将衍射光在该纳米成像膜(12)的前端汇聚成视点。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，该投影装置(14)的像光与该纳米成像膜(12)的表面之间具有倾斜角，该投影装置(14)将图像投影到该纳米成像膜(12)上，并在该纳米成像膜(12)的后端形成放大的正立虚像。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，每个像素包括第一子像素、第二子像素和第三子像素，该第一子像素内设有用于反射红光的第一纳米衍射光栅，该第二子像素内设有用于反射绿光的第二纳米衍射光栅，该第三子像素内设有用于反射蓝光的第三纳米衍射光栅。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，该纳米成像膜(12)包括基层(122)和结构层(123)，该基层(122)的一侧面贴在该挡风玻璃(13)上，该基层(122)的另一侧面设置该结构层(123)，该结构层(123)由各像素(101)的纳米衍射光栅(124)组合形成。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，该结构层(123)呈菲涅尔透镜结构。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，该视点偏离该纳米成像 膜(12)的轴心线。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，每个像素(101)内的纳米衍射光栅(124)的周期和取向角不同。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的抬头显示系统，其特征在于，每个像素(101)内的纳米衍射光栅(124)的周期和取向角由光栅衍射方程计算得出。
  9. 一种汽车，其特征在于，包括权利要求1至8任意一项所述的抬头显示系统。
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