WO2018210000A1 - 一种切削钛合金tc4的硬质合金微槽车刀 - Google Patents

一种切削钛合金tc4的硬质合金微槽车刀 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018210000A1
WO2018210000A1 PCT/CN2018/073607 CN2018073607W WO2018210000A1 WO 2018210000 A1 WO2018210000 A1 WO 2018210000A1 CN 2018073607 W CN2018073607 W CN 2018073607W WO 2018210000 A1 WO2018210000 A1 WO 2018210000A1
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microgroove
cutting
cutting edge
turning tool
titanium alloy
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PCT/CN2018/073607
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋宏婉
何林
占刚
邹中妃
吴锦行
杨薪玉
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贵州大学
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Publication of WO2018210000A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018210000A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B2200/00—Details of cutting inserts
    • B23B2200/08—Rake or top surfaces
    • B23B2200/086—Rake or top surfaces with one or more grooves

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cutting tool for use in the field of cutting machining, in particular to a cemented carbide microgroove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy TC4.
  • Machining is the main means of material removal in mechanical manufacturing, and the quality of cutting tools directly affects the efficiency and quality of machining.
  • the cutting edge serves as the main part of the material to be removed, the cutting edge and the rake face area near the cutting edge (the cutting edge is close to the area, and the cutting edge of the tool is close to the small area of the cutting edge, as shown in Fig. 2
  • the working environment of the area is the worst, and its structure is directly related to the durability of the tool. Therefore, the reasonable design of the near-edge structure of the cutting edge is especially important for improving the cutting performance of the tool.
  • the structural design of the tool rake face mainly focuses on the design of the anti-friction groove and the chip breaker.
  • the former mainly focuses on how to reduce the friction between the tool and the underlying metal of the chip to reduce the cutting temperature and improve the durability of the tool.
  • the main focus is on how to properly design the chipbreaker so that the chips can be broken or crimped as required to avoid the influence of the chips on the quality of the machined surface.
  • the tool temperature rises sharply, and the temperature rise of the rake face is particularly noticeable, which not only reduces the durability of the tool, but also reduces the processing quality. From the above, it can be seen that the industry has not yet researched the near-domain microstructure of the cutting edge of the rake face of the turning tool with the direct aim of lowering the cutting temperature of the tool.
  • the invention provides a cemented carbide micro-groove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy TC4.
  • the invention has the characteristics of reducing cutting temperature and improving tool durability.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is a cemented carbide microgroove turning tool for cutting a titanium alloy TC4, comprising a rake face, an edge of the rake face being a main cutting edge, and a cutting edge of the rake face being disposed in the microgroove;
  • the microgroove has a scoop structure.
  • the cross section of the microgroove in a plane perpendicular to the flank face is an asymmetrical curve type, and the bottom surface of the micro groove is curved, and the microgroove is the largest.
  • the depth H is 0.12 to 0.18 mm.
  • the length L of the microgroove is 1.2 to 3.0 mm
  • the width W 1 of the microgroove is 0.35 to 0.60 mm
  • the total groove width W 2 is 0.55 to ⁇ . 0.70mm.
  • the distance T 1 of the outer edge of the microgroove near the main cutting edge from the main cutting edge is 0.07 to 0.12 mm, which is close to the curve of the cutting edge.
  • the radius of the portion R and the arc of the cutting edge, and the distance from the leftmost end of the microgroove to the minor cutting edge T 2 is 0.13 mm.
  • the angle between the outer edge (3) of the microgroove (5) and the plane of the main cutting edge (2) and the horizontal plane is -6°. 9°.
  • the main cutting edge is linear in view of the normal direction of the main flank face.
  • the present invention inserts a scoop-type microgroove structure in the vicinity of the cutting edge of the cutting edge of the turning tool, so that the actual contact area of the blade-chip when cutting the aerospace titanium alloy TC4 (the area)
  • the cutting temperature in the vicinity of the cutting edge is reduced to effectively improve the durability of the tool.
  • the tool-chip contact area will generate local high temperature and high pressure, which will cause the friction between the knife-chip contact interface to generate a large amount of cutting heat.
  • the first deformation zone is subjected to obvious stress and strain, and the workpiece material is resistant.
  • the applicant has found through a large number of experimental examinations of the aerospace titanium alloy TC4 that the distance from the main cutting edge is 0.07 to 0.12 mm (optimally 0.10 mm) on the rake face (the distance is close to the main cutting edge).
  • the distance from the outer edge of the side to the main cutting edge, that is, T 1 ) is placed into the spoon-shaped microgroove.
  • the maximum depth H of the microgroove is between 0.12 and 0.18 mm and the length L of the microgroove is 1.2 to 3.0 mm.
  • the novel micro-groove structure has a significant cooling effect under the premise of satisfying the powder compaction requirement of the powder metallurgy pressing process.
  • 1) the presence of the microgroove increases the contact area between the chip and the rake face of the tool, and reduces the normal stress of the tool in the area where the blade is in contact with the chip.
  • the normal stress is gradually reduced to a certain critical value, The inner friction zone of the original knife-chip contact zone is transformed into the outer friction zone, that is, the bond friction zone is transformed into the sliding friction zone.
  • the reduction of the zone causes the tool temperature to decrease; 2)
  • the existence of the micro-groove changes the thermal coupling effect of the cutting process, changes the stress-strain state of the first deformation zone, reduces the degree of shear deformation of the first deformation zone, and reduces the generation of cutting heat.
  • the comprehensive effect makes the cutting temperature of the tool be effectively reduced, thereby effectively improving the durability of the turning tool.
  • the microgroove also has the function of chip breaking: the novel microgroove structure of the rake face of the cutter causes the chips to flow along the surface during the cutting process, and the curved surface of the space blocks and guides the flow of the chips. The action causes the chip to curl.
  • the chip flows through the outer edge of the microgroove, it is subjected to the high stress.
  • the chip reaches the ultimate strain value due to the strain caused by the concentrated stress, the chip breaks.
  • the difference of the spoon type micro groove of the present invention is different from the chip groove (chip breaking groove) except for the above design principle, which is mainly embodied in the structural scale:
  • the new micro-groove of the invention is located at the knife-chip contact area in the vicinity of the cutting edge of the rake face, and the dimension is much smaller than that of the chip flute (chip breaker), and the microgroove can be overlapped according to the actual cutting condition.
  • chip flute chip breaker
  • the novel micro-groove of the invention is also different from the anti-friction groove, which is mainly embodied in the contact state, the scale and the quantity arrangement of the chip scraps: that is, the contact state of the chip scraping in the anti-friction groove area is mostly incomplete contact such as point contact or line contact, and The contact state of the micro-groove chip in this design is near full contact (as shown in Fig. 6 to Fig. 11), which increases the contact area between the chip and the rake face of the tool, and reduces the normal stress of the tool in the blade-to-chip contact area. It can be seen that the microgroove of the present invention is smaller in scale than the chip breaker, and is different from the antifriction groove in principle, so that the strength of the turning tool is further effectively ensured.
  • the applicant has carried out the following simulation experiment: using the original cemented carbide turning tool (hereinafter referred to as the original turning tool) and the present invention to carry out the comparative test of the cutting aviation titanium alloy TC4.
  • the above comparison test between the original turning tool and the turning tool of the present invention is performed under the same cutting conditions (cutting amount, other tool geometry except the microgroove, tool and workpiece material, etc.), cutting aerospace titanium alloy TC4
  • the simulation comparison experimental scheme and results are shown in Table 1.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of M at Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the structure of the A-A section of Figure 2 at a negative rake angle
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the A-A section of Figure 2 at a zero rake angle
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view showing the structure of the A-A section of Figure 2 when it is at a positive rake angle;
  • the markings in the drawings are: 1- rake face, 2-main cutting edge, 3-outer edge, 4-cutting edge near field, 5-microgroove, 6-knife tip, 7-bottom.
  • Embodiment A cemented carbide microgroove turning tool for cutting titanium alloy TC4, which is formed as shown in FIG. 1 and includes a rake face 1.
  • the edge of the rake face 1 has a main cutting edge 2, and the cutting of the rake face 1
  • the micro-groove 5 is disposed at the vicinity of the blade 4; the micro-groove 5 is a spoon-shaped micro-groove structure with asymmetrical and unequal depth (as shown in FIG. 2).
  • the cross-sectional profile of the aforementioned microgroove 5 (shown in FIG. 3-5) on a plane perpendicular to the flank face is an asymmetrical curve type, and the bottom surface 7 of the microgroove 5 is a curved surface, and the maximum depth H of the microgroove 5 is 0.12. ⁇ 0.18 mm, preferably 0.14 mm.
  • the length L of the microgroove 5 is 1.2 to 3.0 mm, preferably 1.7 mm; the width W 1 of the microgroove 5 is 0.35 to 0.60 mm, and the total groove width W 2 is 0.55 to 0.70 mm (as shown in FIG. 2).
  • W 1 is 0.54 mm and W 2 is preferably 0.64 mm.
  • the distance T 1 (shown in FIG. 2 ) from the outer cutting edge 2 of the microgroove 5 on the side closer to the main cutting edge 2 is 0.07 to 0.12 mm, preferably 0.1 mm. It is close to the radius of the curved portion R of the cutting edge 6 and the arc of the cutting edge. The distance from the leftmost end of the microgroove to the minor cutting edge distance T 2 is 0.13 mm.
  • the outer edge 3 of the aforementioned microgroove 5 is connected to the main cutting edge 2 in the form of a positive, negative or zero rake angle.
  • the outer edge 3 of the microgroove 5 and the plane and horizontal plane of the main cutting edge 2 are The angle is -6 ° ⁇ 9 °, the zero rake angle is the preferred value (as shown in Figure 3-5).
  • the aforementioned main cutting edge 2 is linear as viewed in a direction perpendicular to the main flank face.
  • microgroove trough shape parameters are preferably specific embodiments, and the parameter selection range represents a general structural scheme of the microgrooves.
  • the carbide micro-cylinder turning tool for cutting titanium alloy TC4 is also suitable for cutting of other titanium alloys with similar properties (such as TC3, TC10, etc.).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Cutting Tools, Boring Holders, And Turrets (AREA)

Abstract

一种切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀，包括前刀面（1），前刀面（1）的边缘有主切削刃（2），前刀面（1）的切削刃近域（4）处置入微槽（5），且微槽（5）呈勺型结构，该车刀能降低切削温度和提高刀具耐用度。

Description

一种切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀 技术领域
本发明涉及一种切削加工领域用的切削刀具，特别是一种切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀。
背景技术
切削加工是机械制造业材料去除的主要手段，而切削刀具的好坏直接影响了切削加工的效率及加工质量。在切削加工中，切削刃作为去除材料的主要部位，切削刃及切削刃附近的前刀面区域(切削刃近域，刀具前刀面上靠近切削刃的微小区域，如图2中椭圆圈出的区域)的工作环境最为恶劣，而其结构又直接关系到刀具的耐用度，所以合理的切削刃近域结构设计对提升刀具的切削性能尤为重要。目前行业对刀具前刀面的结构设计主要集中在减摩槽和断屑槽的设计，前者主要关注如何减小刀具与切屑底层金属间的摩擦以达到降低切削温度提高刀具耐用度的目的，后者主要关注如何合理设计断屑槽以使切屑能够按照要求折断或卷曲以避免切屑对加工表面质量的影响。切削加工时，刀具温度会急剧升高，前刀面的温升尤为明显，这不仅会降低刀具的耐用度，而且还会降低加工质量。通过上述可知，目前行业还没有以降低刀具切削温度为直接目的对车刀前刀面切削刃近域微结构进行设计的研究成果。
发明内容
本发明提供一种切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀。本发明具有降低切削温度和提高刀具耐用度特点。
本发明的技术方案：一种切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀，包括前刀面，前刀面的边缘为主切削刃，前刀面切削刃近域处置入微槽；所述的微槽呈勺型结构。
前述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀中，所述的微槽在垂直于后刀面的平面上的截面轮廓为非对称曲线型，微槽的底面呈曲面，微槽的最大深度H 为0.12～0.18mm。
前述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀中，所述的微槽的长度L为1.2～3.0mm，微槽的宽度W 1为0.35～0.60mm，总槽宽W 2为0.55～0.70mm。
前述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀中，所述的微槽的靠近主切削刃一侧的外缘距主切削刃的距离T 1为0.07～0.12mm，靠近刀尖的曲线部分R与刀尖圆弧等半径,微槽最左端距离副切削刃距离T 2为0.13mm。
前述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀中，所述的微槽(5)的外缘(3)和主切削刃(2)的所在平面与水平面的夹角为-6°～9°。
前述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀中，沿主后刀面的法向观察，所述的主切削刃呈直线型。
有益效果：与现有技术相比，本发明通过在车刀前刀面切削刃近域置入勺型微槽结构，使刀具在切削航空钛合金TC4时，刀-屑实际接触区域(该区域位于切削刃近域)的切削温度降低从而有效提高刀具的耐用度。刀具在切削过程中，刀-屑接触区会产生局部高温高压，促使刀-屑接触界面发生剧烈摩擦，进而产生大量切削热；同时第一变形区因受到明显的应力应变作用，工件材料的抗剪切变形功几乎全部转化为切削热，经过热量的传递，最终导致刀具切削温度的升高。本发明中，申请人通过切削航空钛合金TC4的大量实验分析发现，当在前刀面上距主切削刃0.07～0.12mm(最优为0.10mm)的距离(该距离为靠近主切削刃一侧的外缘距主切削刃的距离，即T 1)置入勺型微槽，微槽的最大深度H在0.12～0.18mm间且微槽的长度L为1.2～3.0mm，微槽的宽度W 1为0.35～0.60mm，总槽宽W 2为0.55～0.70mm时，且该新型微槽结构在满足粉末冶金压制工艺的粉末压实要求的前提下，有较明显降温效果。主要是因为：1)微槽的存在增大了切屑与刀具前刀面接触面积，降低了刀具在刀-屑接触处区的正应力，当该正应力逐渐减小到某一临界值，使得原本刀-屑接触区部分内摩擦区域转化为外摩擦区域即粘结摩擦区转化为滑动摩擦区，由于内摩擦区域是刀具热量的主要来源，该区域的减小导致了刀具温度降低；2)微槽的存在改变了刀具切削过 程的热力耦合作用，改变了第一变形区应力应变状态，减小了第一变形区剪切变形程度，从而降低切削热的产生。综合作用使得刀具切削温度得到有效降低，进而有效提高车刀耐用度。
本发明在实际生产中，微槽还有断屑的功能：刀具前刀面的新型微槽结构使得切削过程中切屑沿其表面流动，而该空间曲形表面对切屑的流动产生一定阻挡和引导作用从而使得切屑发生卷曲，当切屑流经微槽外边缘时，受到该处的高应力作用，当切屑因受到集中应力作用而发生的应变达到其极限应变值时，切屑即发生折断。与断屑槽和减摩槽相比，本发明的勺型微槽的不同之处，除了上述设计原理外，有别于卷屑槽(断屑槽)，其主要体现在结构尺度上：即本发明的新型微槽所处的位置主要在前刀面切削刃近域的刀-屑接触区，尺度远小于卷屑槽(断屑槽)，可根据实际切削情况将该微槽重合设计在已有卷屑槽(断屑槽)内。本发明的新型微槽也有别于减摩槽，主要体现在刀屑接触状态、尺度和数量排布上：即减摩槽区域刀屑接触状态多为点接触或线接触等不完全接触，而本设计微槽刀屑接触状态为近全接触(如图6～图11所示)，增大了切屑与刀具前刀面接触面积，降低了刀具在刀-屑接触处区的正应力。由此可知，本发明的微槽在尺度上小于断屑槽，原理上不同于减摩槽，这样就进一步有效确保了车刀的强度。
为了能更好证明本发明的有益效果，申请人做了如下仿真实验：使用原硬质合金车刀(以下简称原车刀)与本发明进行切削航空钛合金TC4仿真对比实验。上述的原车刀与本发明的车刀的每一组对比实验均在相同切削条件(切削用量、除微槽外的其他刀具几何结构、刀具和工件材料等)下进行，切削航空钛合金TC4的仿真对比实验方案及结果如表1所示。
表1仿真实验结果
Figure PCTCN2018073607-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018073607-appb-000002
综上得知本发明的车刀降温效果相对明显。
附图说明
图1是本发明的结构示意图；
图2是图1的M处的结构示意图；
图3是负前角时图2的A-A截面上的结构示意图；
图4是零前角时图2的A-A截面上的结构示意图；
图5是正前角时图2的A-A截面上的结构示意图；
图6是Vc＝60m/min、f＝0.2mm、a p＝2mm和γ 0为-6°时，微槽车刀的刀-屑接触状态仿真图；
图7是Vc＝40m/min、f＝0.15mm、a p＝1.5mm和γ 0为-6°时，微槽车刀的刀-屑接触状态仿真图；
图8是Vc＝60m/min、f＝0.2mm、a p＝2mm和γ 0为0°时，微槽车刀的刀-屑接触状态示意图；
图9是Vc＝40m/min、f＝0.15mm、a p＝1.5mm和γ 0为0°时，微槽车刀的刀-屑接触状态仿真图；
图10是Vc＝60m/min、f＝0.2mm、a p＝2mm和γ 0为6°时，微槽车刀的刀-屑接触状态仿真图；
图11是Vc＝40m/min、f＝0.15mm、a p＝1.5mm和γ 0为6°时，微槽车刀的刀-屑接触状态仿真图。
附图中的标记为：1-前刀面，2-主切削刃，3-外缘，4-切削刃近域，5-微槽，6-刀尖，7-底面。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例对本发明作进一步的说明，但并不作为对本发明限 制的依据。
实施例：一种切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀，其构成如图1所示，包括前刀面1，前刀面1的边缘有主切削刃2，前刀面1的切削刃近域4处设有微槽5；所述的微槽5呈不对称和不等深的勺型微槽结构(如图2所示)。
前述的微槽5(如图3-5所示)在垂直于后刀面的平面上的截面轮廓为非对称曲线型，微槽5的底面7呈曲面，微槽5的最大深度H为0.12～0.18mm，优选值为0.14mm。
前述的微槽5的长度L为1.2～3.0mm，最优为1.7mm；微槽5的宽度W 1为0.35～0.60mm，总槽宽W 2为0.55～0.70mm(如图2所示)，W 1优选值为0.54mm，W 2优选值为0.64mm。
前述的微槽5的靠近主切削刃2一侧的微槽外缘3距主切削刃2的距离T 1(如图2所示)为0.07～0.12mm，优选值为0.1mm。靠近刀尖6的曲线部分R与刀尖圆弧等半径。微槽最左端距离副切削刃距离T 2为0.13mm。
前述的微槽5的外缘3与主切削刃2的连接形式为正、负或零前角型，具体地，所述的微槽5的外缘3和主切削刃2的所在平面与水平面的夹角为-6°～9°，零前角为优选值(如图3-5所示)。
沿垂直于主后刀面方向观察，前述的主切削刃2呈直线型。
以上微槽槽形参数优选值为具体实施例方案，参数选择范围表示微槽的一般结构方案。同时，该切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀同样适用于性能相似的其他钛合金(如TC3、TC10等)的切削加工。

Claims (6)

  1. 一种切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀，其特征在于：包括前刀面(1)，前刀面(1)的边缘为主切削刃(2)，前刀面(1)的切削刃近域(4)处置入微槽(5)；所述的微槽(5)呈勺型结构。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀，其特征在于：所述的微槽(5)在垂直于后刀面的平面上的截面轮廓为非对称曲线型，微槽(5)的底面(7)呈空间曲面，微槽(5)的最大深度H为0.12～0.18mm。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀，其特征在于：所述的微槽(5)的长度L为1.2～3.0mm，微槽(5)的宽度W 1为0.35～0.60mm，总槽宽W 2为0.55～0.70mm。
  4. 根据权利要求1或2所述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀，其特征在于：所述的微槽(5)的靠近主切削刃(2)一侧的外缘(3)距主切削刃(2)的距离T 1为0.07～0.12mm，靠近刀尖(6)的曲线部分R与刀尖圆弧等半径；微槽(5)最左端距离副切削刃距离T 2为0.13mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1或2所述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀，其特征在于：所述的微槽(5)的外缘(3)和主切削刃(2)的所在平面与水平面的夹角为-6°～9°。
  6. 根据权利要求1或2所述的切削钛合金TC4的硬质合金微槽车刀，其特征在于：沿主后刀面法向观察，所述的主切削刃(2)呈直线型。
PCT/CN2018/073607 2017-05-18 2018-01-22 一种切削钛合金tc4的硬质合金微槽车刀 WO2018210000A1 (zh)

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