WO2018209416A1 - Método de flotação de minerais utilizando biorreagente extraído de bactérias gram positivas - Google Patents
Método de flotação de minerais utilizando biorreagente extraído de bactérias gram positivas Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2018209416A1 WO2018209416A1 PCT/BR2018/050158 BR2018050158W WO2018209416A1 WO 2018209416 A1 WO2018209416 A1 WO 2018209416A1 BR 2018050158 W BR2018050158 W BR 2018050158W WO 2018209416 A1 WO2018209416 A1 WO 2018209416A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- flotation
- mineral
- hematite
- bacteria
- flotation method
- Prior art date
Links
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 60
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 241000192125 Firmicutes Species 0.000 title abstract description 6
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 56
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims description 56
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 31
- 229910052595 hematite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000011019 hematite Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(3+);oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Fe+3].[Fe+3] LIKBJVNGSGBSGK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000010453 quartz Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon dioxide Inorganic materials O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 241000316848 Rhodococcus <scale insect> Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910021532 Calcite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010459 dolomite Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000514 dolomite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000003750 conditioning effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000002481 ethanol extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000015040 sparkling wine Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 abstract description 18
- 241001524101 Rhodococcus opacus Species 0.000 abstract description 15
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 14
- 241000187561 Rhodococcus erythropolis Species 0.000 abstract description 13
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 235000010633 broth Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 6
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 5
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003876 biosurfactant Substances 0.000 description 4
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- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000006285 cell suspension Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002329 infrared spectrum Methods 0.000 description 3
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
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- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002209 hydrophobic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009282 microflotation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 1
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- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 108010080698 Peptones Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241000187180 Streptomyces sp. Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000012042 active reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N alstonine Natural products C1=CC2=C3C=CC=CC3=NC2=C2N1C[C@H]1[C@H](C)OC=C(C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C2 WYTGDNHDOZPMIW-RCBQFDQVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000005018 casein Substances 0.000 description 1
- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L dipotassium hydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].OP([O-])([O-])=O ZPWVASYFFYYZEW-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910000396 dipotassium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019797 dipotassium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012153 distilled water Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
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- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 1
- 210000001822 immobilized cell Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000012844 infrared spectroscopy analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011081 inoculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003834 intracellular effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001608 iron mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000468 ketone group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 231100000053 low toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
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- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 1
- LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K potassium phosphate Substances [K+].[K+].[K+].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B25/00—Phosphorus; Compounds thereof
- C01B25/16—Oxyacids of phosphorus; Salts thereof
- C01B25/26—Phosphates
- C01B25/32—Phosphates of magnesium, calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01B25/327—After-treatment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/02—Froth-flotation processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01F—COMPOUNDS OF THE METALS BERYLLIUM, MAGNESIUM, ALUMINIUM, CALCIUM, STRONTIUM, BARIUM, RADIUM, THORIUM, OR OF THE RARE-EARTH METALS
- C01F11/00—Compounds of calcium, strontium, or barium
- C01F11/18—Carbonates
- C01F11/185—After-treatment, e.g. grinding, purification, conversion of crystal morphology
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01G—COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METALS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C01D OR C01F
- C01G49/00—Compounds of iron
- C01G49/02—Oxides; Hydroxides
- C01G49/04—Ferrous oxide [FeO]
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/34—Processes using foam culture
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B3/00—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes
- C22B3/18—Extraction of metal compounds from ores or concentrates by wet processes with the aid of microorganisms or enzymes, e.g. bacteria or algae
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/006—Hydrocarbons
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/008—Organic compounds containing oxygen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D1/00—Flotation
- B03D1/001—Flotation agents
- B03D1/004—Organic compounds
- B03D1/01—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/02—Collectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/04—Frothers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2201/00—Specified effects produced by the flotation agents
- B03D2201/06—Depressants
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
- B03D—FLOTATION; DIFFERENTIAL SEDIMENTATION
- B03D2203/00—Specified materials treated by the flotation agents; specified applications
- B03D2203/02—Ores
- B03D2203/04—Non-sulfide ores
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention is primarily intended for the mining industry, and comprises a mineral flotation method using bioreactors extracted from Gram positive bacteria (Rhodococcus opacus and Rhodococcus erytrhopolis).
- Bioflotting is defined as a separation process in which the mineral of interest is selectively flotted or depressed using reagents of biological origin known as bioreactors.
- Bioflotation has been extensively studied in recent years as an attractive alternative to replace conventional reagents with environmentally friendly ones.
- Bioreactors are characterized by low toxicity and ease of degradation when discarded and the raw material for their production is low cost, renewable and easily available.
- bioreactors can be used in the processing of low-grade ores and tailings from mining, enabling the exploration of economically unviable deposits.
- Bioreactors are a heterogeneous mixture of various compounds that are difficult to characterize, making it difficult to understand the specific mechanisms involved in the flotation process, where Bioreactors are capable of selectively modifying the surface of the mineral of interest.
- Bioreactors are capable of selectively modifying the surface of the mineral of interest.
- the theoretical models used to describe the behavior of mineral / bacterial adhesion do not consider biological factors. The inclusion of these factors is of great importance for a complete understanding of the processes that occur during bioflotation.
- microorganisms and / or their metabolic products as reagents, in particular collectors, sparkling and modifiers in mineral processing operations, has become very attractive because it has great technological potential, is environmentally acceptable, and presents selectivity in mineral particle processing.
- These microorganisms and / or their metabolic products can modify the mineral surface, either directly or indirectly.
- the direct mechanism involves the direct adhesion of microbial cells to mineral particles, while the indirect mechanism refers to metabolism products or soluble cell fractions that act as surface active reagents. Both interactions lead to changes in surface chemistry, making it hydrophilic or hydrophobic depending on the character of the bacteria and mineral in question.
- microorganisms and / or their metabolic products as bioreactor in mineral processing is related to the presence of supporting functional groups (hydrocarbon chains) and polar groups (carboxyls, phosphates, hydroxyls) on their cell surface or in the cells. intra and / or extracellular compounds produced by microorganisms, which can modify the interface properties and thereby change the amphipathic characteristics of a mineral surface.
- Rhodococcus erythropolis and Rhodococcus opacus bacteria are Gram positive, non-pathogenic and are found widely in nature from a wide variety of sources.
- Document CN102489415 describes the use of Rhodococcus erythropolis bacteria as a collecting agent in a flotation process of a system containing hematite. This document differs from the present invention in that it uses as a collecting agent the bacterium itself (biomass), not a bioreactor extracted from a bacterium.
- Document CN102911904 describes the use of bacteria as collecting agents in an ore flotation process containing refractory hematite. As in CN102489415, this document differs from the present invention in that it uses the bacterium itself (biomass) as its collecting agent, and not a bioreactor extracted from a bacterium.
- Erythropolis and its application to oil removal ", published on 10/29/2010 by the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, mentions a biosurfactant extracted from the bacteria Rhodococcus erythropolis used for treatment of oil contaminated soil.
- the present invention differs from that document by it is mineral flotation, not oil-contaminated soil treatment.
- the present invention provides a method of mineral flotation using bioreactors extracted from the bacteria Rhodococcus opacus and Rhodococcus erytrhopolis.
- the main object of the present invention is to provide a method of mineral flotation using bioreactors extracted from Rhodococcus opacus and Rhodococcus erytrhopolis bacteria.
- the process of extracting the metabolites, especially protein compounds, from the bacteria Rhodococcus opacus and Rhodococcus erytrhopolis was evaluated in order to use them as collecting bioreactors in mineral flotation, since proteins tend to provide hydrophobic character on mineral surfaces, thus favoring the flotation process.
- Figure 1 illustrates a process flowchart for extracting bioreactor from microorganisms
- Figure 2 shows an infrared spectrum of R. opacus bacteria (blue line) and crude bioreactor (black line);
- Figure 3 illustrates an infrared spectrum of R. erythropolis bacteria (blue line) and crude bioreactant (black line);
- Figure 4 is a graph illustrating the effect of bioreactor concentration on the surface tension of deionized water at 20 ° C. and neutral pH: continuous line, bioreactive extracted from R. opacus bacteria and bioreactive dotted line extracted from R. erythropolis bacteria;
- Figure 5 shows bar diagrams comparing hematite flotability using bacteria (biomass) and bioreactor: (a) pH3, (b) pH5, (c) pH7, (d) pH9, (e) pH1;
- Figure 6 is a graph illustrating the flotability of hematite at different concentrations of bioreactor extracted from R. opacus bacteria
- Figure 7 is a graph illustrating the flotability of hematite at different concentrations of bioreact extracted from the bacterium.
- Figure 8 presents bar diagrams comparing the flotability of hematite, quartz, dolomite, calcite and apatite using bioreactant extracted from R. opacus bacteria: (a) pH3, (b) pH5, (c) pH7, (d) pH9, ( e) pH11;
- Figure 9 presents bar diagrams comparing the flotability of hematite, quartz, dolomite, calcite and apatite using bioreactant extracted from R. erythropolis bacteria: (a) pH3, (b) pH5, (c) pH7, (d) pH9, ( e) pH11.
- the present invention is a method of mineral flotation using bioreactors extracted from the bacteria Rhodococcus opacus and Rhodococcus erytrhopolis, said method comprising the steps of i) bacterial growth; ii) bioreactor extraction; iii) ore comminution and pulp preparation; iv) reagent addition and conditioning; v) flotation.
- growth broths used for inoculating bacteria in the present invention should preferably contain sources of nutrients, proteins and carbohydrates. Broths may be prepared using commercial reagents or there may be partial or total substitution with ingredients from other production chains, for example food industry residue.
- the growth of microorganisms may occur in a rotary kiln or, for large scale processes, fermenters or bioreactors may be used. The temperature and the presence of contaminants should be controlled.
- extraction of bioreactor from Rhodococcus bacteria is performed by a solvent extraction process, preferably hot ethanol extraction (100 - 140 ° C).
- Figure 1 illustrates a flowchart of the process for extracting bioreactor from microorganisms and comprises the steps of (i) solid / liquid separation and water washing; (ii) resuspension with ethanol; (iii) autoclaving; (iv) new solid / liquid separation; (v) drying or lyophilizing the biomass; (vi) resuspension with water (vii) new solid / liquid separation.
- the solid / liquid separation steps may preferably be performed by centrifugation or filtration using a 25 ⁇ pore membrane.
- Autoclaving should preferably be performed at a range of 0.5 to 1.5 bar pressure and temperature between 100 and 140 ° C.
- the proportion of ethanol and water used in the process of extraction and dissolution of the soluble fraction, respectively, may be modified depending on the growth process of the microorganisms. These are factors that may cause changes in the process: broth composition (may be replaced, for example, by food industry tailings), equipment and growing conditions (eg use of biofermentors, immobilized cell inoculation).
- extraction of bioreactor from Rhodococcus bacteria may include a purification step.
- the resulting bioreactor should preferably be stored for a maximum of 5 days at 4 ° C for later use in flotation processes.
- the extraction method employed allows the recovery of components associated with both intracellular compounds and those present in the microorganism cell wall. These substances are responsible for imparting hydrophobicity to the mineral surface.
- the bioreactors extracted from Gram positive bacteria belonging to the genus Rhodococcus (opacus species, erytrhopolis) according to the present invention may be used for flotation of any iron mineral, preferably hematite. It is also possible to flotate mineral systems, preferably the hematite-quartz system. However, flotation of ores containing other minerals of interest, such as calcite, dolomite and apatite, is also possible using the process of the present invention.
- the reagent to be added in the flotation step may comprise only the bioreact extracted from the bacteria Rhodococcus (opacus, erytrhopolis), in a concentration range of 5 to 200 mg / L, or may be used in conjunction with any of the following reagents, which are depressant reagent, collector reagent and sparkling.
- the conditioning step may be carried out in a pH range of 3 to 7 for the hematite-quartz system.
- the flotation step can be performed in Hallimond tubes, flotation cells or flotation columns.
- the flotation step preferably consists of a direct flotation of the metal / element of interest.
- the flotation step can be performed in a range of 3 to 7 ph for the hematite-quartz system.
- FIG. 4 shows a composition of bar graphs comparing hematite flotability using R. opacus bacteria and its bioreactor for different pH values: (a) pH3, (b) pH5, (c) pH7, (d) pH9, (e) pH11.
- the maximum flotability of hematite obtained using the bacterium (biomass) is 43% at neutral pH ( Figure 5 (c)) while the maximum recovery using bioreactor is 95% at acid pH ( Figure 5 ( a) and (b)).
- the high performance of bioreactors even in acidic environment is characteristic of most bioreactors that present stability even in environments with extreme temperature, pH and salinity conditions.
- the results showed the high affinity of the bioreactor of the present invention with the hematite particles as well as the relatively low reagent consumption compared to the use of bacteria (biomass).
- Rhodococcus opacus species, erytrhopolis
- CBMAI-U ICAMP Brazilian Collection of Environmental and Industry Microorganisms
- Rhodococcus opacus consisted of 10 g dm "3 glucose, 5 g dm “ 3 peptone, 3 g dm “3 malt extract, 3 g dm “ 3 yeast extract and 2 g dm “3 CaC03.
- Culture broth used for Rhodococcus erythropolis consisted of 17 g dm “3 of casein extract, 3 g dm “ 3 of soy flour, 5 g dm “3 NaCl, 2.5 g dm “ 3 glucose and 2.5 g dm “3 dipotassium phosphate. Bacteria were incubated in a rotary oven at 125 rpm for 7 days.
- the biomass was resuspended using 500mL ethanol
- the already dried biomass was resuspended in deionized water in the proportion of 125mL of water for each liter of growth broth (cell suspension that fed the extraction process).
- the mixture was centrifuged and the water-insoluble fraction was discarded while the soluble fraction was stored at 4 ° C for a maximum of 5 days for use in microflotation and characterization assays.
- infrared (FT-I) analyzes were performed using a Nicolet FTIR 2000 spectrometer and KBr matrix as a reference. The samples were dried at 50 ° C and homogenized with KBr.
- the possible functional groups found in the FT-IR analyzes are shown in Table 1.
- the alcohol, alkane, alkene and ketone groups found in the regions between 3417-3398, 2929-2855 and 1634-1629 cm “1 , respectively, may indicate the presence of mycolic acids.
- the identification of aromatic as well as amino groups in lengths 1400, 1548 and 3350 cm- 1 may indicate the presence of polar amino acids such as tyrosine.
- the proteins present in bacteria and their bioproducts may be responsible for the flotation processes of flocculation due to its amphiphilic character.
- Table 1 Possible functional groups identified in the infrared spectroscopy analysis of crude bioreactors.
- Figure 4 shows the surface tension as a function of bioreactor concentration.
- the surface tension decreases to 50.5 mN m "when used robr 1 and 62 mN m" when used ReBR 1.
- Bioreactors may be composed of polymeric substances that do not necessarily reduce surface tension, but may be effective in reduce interfacial tension between immiscible liquids and form stable emulsions.
- microflotation tests were performed according to the present invention using modified Hallimond tube with 10 "3 mol L " 1 NaCl as indifferent electrolyte, air flow 35 dm 3 min "1 , granulometric fraction of the mineral +75 -150 ⁇ , conditioning time 2 minutes and flotation time 1 minute.
- the bioreactor concentration was varied from 25 to 150 ppm and the pH from 3 to 11.
- the flotability was calculated as the ratio of the floated mass to the total mass of the mineral.
- Figures 6 and 7 show the flotability of hematite using
- Figures 8 and 9 show bar graph compositions comparing the flotability of the different minerals mentioned above using both bioreactors (ReBR and RoBR). It is possible to observe several regions (windows) of selectivity between the studied minerals, for example: a) Considering an ore composed by the hematite and quartz minerals, it can be observed that at pH 3, 5 and 7 it is possible to perform the direct flotation of the minerals. hematite using between 50 and 150 ppm RoBR. For the ReBR this statement is true only for pH 3 and 5. At pH 3 the bioreactor concentration can be even lower, 25 ppm.
- the hematite-quartz system was studied using the same procedure and flotation conditions listed in Example 5. The pH was maintained at 3 and three different hematite-quartz ratios (25H-75Q; 50H-50Q; 75H) were tested. -25Q) and two ReBR concentrations (50 mg L "1 and 100 mg L " 1 ). Results are presented in Table 2.
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CN114713378A (zh) * | 2022-03-10 | 2022-07-08 | 南方科技大学 | 一种开关型浮选药剂、制备方法及其应用 |
CN114713378B (zh) * | 2022-03-10 | 2023-08-22 | 南方科技大学 | 一种开关型浮选药剂、制备方法及其应用 |
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