WO2018208307A1 - Dissipateurs d'énergie à éléments tournés - Google Patents

Dissipateurs d'énergie à éléments tournés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018208307A1
WO2018208307A1 PCT/US2017/032272 US2017032272W WO2018208307A1 WO 2018208307 A1 WO2018208307 A1 WO 2018208307A1 US 2017032272 W US2017032272 W US 2017032272W WO 2018208307 A1 WO2018208307 A1 WO 2018208307A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
plane
members
ductile
closed end
attachment
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/US2017/032272
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Peter DUSICKA
Ilya S. PALNIKOV
Original Assignee
Portland State University
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Portland State University filed Critical Portland State University
Priority to PCT/US2017/032272 priority Critical patent/WO2018208307A1/fr
Publication of WO2018208307A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018208307A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16F—SPRINGS; SHOCK-ABSORBERS; MEANS FOR DAMPING VIBRATION
    • F16F7/00—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers
    • F16F7/12—Vibration-dampers; Shock-absorbers using plastic deformation of members
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/92—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers
    • E04B1/98—Protection against other undesired influences or dangers against vibrations or shocks; against mechanical destruction, e.g. by air-raids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C2003/026—Braces
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0408—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0413—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts
    • E04C2003/0417—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by assembly or the cross-section being built up from several parts demountable
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/04—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal
    • E04C2003/0404—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects
    • E04C2003/0443—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces of metal beams, girders, or joists characterised by cross-sectional aspects characterised by substantial shape of the cross-section
    • E04C2003/0478—X-shaped
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C3/00—Structural elongated elements designed for load-supporting
    • E04C3/02—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces
    • E04C3/29—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures
    • E04C3/292—Joists; Girders, trusses, or trusslike structures, e.g. prefabricated; Lintels; Transoms; Braces built-up from parts of different material, i.e. composite structures the materials being wood and metal

Definitions

  • Some conventional dissipators have elements with a generally U-shaped geometry and formed of a ductile material.
  • two or more of these elements are generally positioned between two building members such that expected loading conditions, such as might be experienced, e.g., during seismically active or high wind periods, load is transferred to the elements, which are designed to yield, deform and otherwise dissipate energy, thereby protecting the two building members and overall building from the full effect of the loading conditions.
  • the dissipators may be employed at multiple different locations between the two building members, as well at multiple other locations within the building.
  • the elements of the dissipators are designed to yield, which can include nonlinear deformation, as they dissipate energy. Such yielding of U-shaped elements is referred to as "rolling,” and refers to how U-shaped elements behave in response to relative movement between two building members connected by U-shaped elements.
  • U-shaped elements can be used in a variety of different applications, including braces, hold-downs, dampers and other similar devices. In many applications, two or more U-shaped elements are used together, and the open ends thereof are aligned in one direction or such that pairs of U-shaped elements have open ends that face each other.
  • Energy dissipators have application in many types of building and non-building construction, including timber construction of large and/or tall buildings, as well as non-building applications, such as industrial structures, bridges and other similar applications, to name just a few.
  • Conventional U-shaped elements used as energy dissipators lack an appropriate geometry for being adapted to some applications.
  • an energy dissipator comprises a first U-shaped member and a second U-shaped member.
  • the first U-shaped member has a first closed end, a pair of first spaced-apart legs extending from the first closed end and a first open end opposite the first closed end.
  • the first closed end and pair of first legs lie in a first member plane.
  • the second U- shaped member has a second closed end, a pair of second spaced-apart legs extending from the second closed end and a second open end opposite the second closed end.
  • the second closed end and the pair of second legs lie in a second member plane.
  • the second U-shaped member is positioned to oppose the first U-shaped member and is rotated relative to the first U-shaped member such that the second member plane intersects the first member plane.
  • the second U-shaped member can be rotated relative to the first U-shaped member by 90 degrees such that the second member plane and the first member plane are perpendicular to each other. In other implementations, other angles of rotation between the first U-shaped member and the second U-shaped member are used. In some implementations, the second U-shaped member is rotated relative to the first U-shaped member by an angle of at least 30 degrees.
  • first U-shaped member and the second U-shaped member can be aligned along a common longitudinal axis defined at an intersection of the first member plane and the second member plane.
  • first U-shaped member and the second U-shaped member can have respective longitudinal axes that are offset from each other.
  • the pair of second legs of the second U-shaped member oppose and overlap with the pair of first legs of the first U-shaped member.
  • at least one of the first and second U-shaped members is formed as a single piece. In some implementations, at least one of the first and second U-shaped members is formed of multiple plies of material formed into a U-shape.
  • one of the pair of spaced apart first legs of the first U- shaped member defines a first attachment location in a first attachment plane
  • one of the pair of spaced apart second legs of the second U-shaped member defines a second attachment location in a second attachment plane different from the first attachment plane
  • U-shaped member defines a third attachment location in a third attachment plane parallel to the first attachment plane, and a second of the pair of spaced apart second legs of the second U-shaped member defines a fourth attachment location in a fourth attachment plane parallel to the second attachment plane.
  • At least one of the first side connection member and the second side connection member comprises an L-shaped cross-section. In some implementations, at least one of the first side connection member and the second side connection member comprises a T-shaped cross-section.
  • At least one of the first side connection member or the second side connection member is bolted to the first U-shaped member and bolted to the second U- shaped member. In some implementations, at least one of the first side connection member or the second side connection member is welded to the first U-shaped member and welded to the second U-shaped member.
  • an energy dissipator comprises a first ductile member and a second ductile member.
  • the first ductile member has a first closed end and a pair of first spaced-apart legs extending from the closed end, wherein the first closed end and the pair of first legs are bisected by a first member plane.
  • the second ductile member has a second closed end and a pair of second spaced-apart legs extending from the second closed end, wherein the second closed end and the pair of second legs are bisected by a second member plane.
  • the second closed end of the second ductile member is positioned to oppose the first closed end of the first ductile member, and the second ductile member is rotated relative to the first ductile member such that the second member plane intersects the first member plane.
  • the connection member has a first attachment site for attachment to the first ductile member in a first attachment plane and a second attachment site spaced from the first attachment site for attachment to the second ductile member in a second attachment plane, and wherein the first and second attachment planes intersect each other.
  • connection member that extends between and connects the first and second ductile members, the second connection member having a third attachment site for attachment to the first ductile member in a third attachment plane and a fourth attachment site spaced from the third attachment site for attachment to the second ductile member in a fourth attachment plane.
  • the third attachment plane can be parallel to the first attachment plane
  • the fourth attachment plane can be parallel to the second attachment plane.
  • At least one of the first and second ductile members is a
  • the first and second ductile members are U-shaped members, C-shaped members or O-shaped members, and the first and second ductile members are intermeshed with each other.
  • an energy dissipator assembly comprises a first energy dissipator comprising first and second ductile members arranged to oppose each other along a first common axis, and a first two-plane connection member extending between and connecting the first ductile member in a first plane to the second ductile member in a second plane different from the first plane.
  • the assembly also comprises a second two-plane connection member extending between and connecting the first ductile member in a third plane to the second ductile member in a fourth plane different from the third plane.
  • There is a second energy dissipator comprising third and fourth ductile members arranged to oppose each other along a second common axis parallel to the first common axis.
  • a third two-plane connection member extending between and connecting the third ductile member in a fifth plane to the fourth ductile member in a sixth plane different from the fifth plane
  • a fourth two-plane connection member extending between and connecting the third ductile member in a seventh plane to the fourth ductile member in an eighth plane parallel.
  • the seventh plane can be parallel to the third plane
  • the eighth plane can be parallel to the fourth plane.
  • the second and fourth two plane-connection members can be attached together.
  • the second and fourth two-plane connection members can contact each other and comprise a T- shaped cross section.
  • the first energy dissipator can comprise at least fifth and sixth ductile members arranged to oppose each other along the first common axis, spaced from the first and second ductile members and connected to the first and second two-plane connection members, and the second energy dissipator can comprise at least seventh and eighth ductile members arranged to oppose each other along the second common axis spaced from the third and fourth ductile members and connected to the third and fourth two-plane connection members.
  • At least one of the two-plane connection members comprises a restrainer member positioned to restrain the two-plane connection member to move only in predetermined directions.
  • the restrainer members are configured to connect to two adjacent two-plane connection members.
  • an energy dissipator comprises a first arc- ended member having a first arced end, a pair of first spaced-apart legs extending from the arced end and a first open end opposite the first arced end, wherein the first arced end has a radius defined at a first radial axis and a longitudinal axis that intersects the first radial axis.
  • the energy dissipator also comprises a second arc-ended member having a second arced end, a pair of second spaced-apart legs extending from the second arced end and a second open end opposite the second arced end, wherein the second arced end has a radius defined at a second radial axis and the longitudinal axis.
  • the second arc-ended member is positioned to oppose the first arc-ended member and is rotated relative to the first arc-ended member such that the first radial axis and the second radial axis are not parallel to each other.
  • an energy dissipator assembly comprises a first ductile member having a first closed end and a pair of first spaced-apart legs extending from the closed end, wherein the first closed end and the pair of first legs lie in a first member plane, and a second ductile member having a second closed end and a pair of second spaced-apart legs extending from the second closed end, wherein the second closed end and the pair of second legs lie in a second member plane.
  • the second closed end of the second ductile member is positioned to oppose the first closed end of the first ductile member, and the second ductile member is rotated relative to the first ductile member such that the second member plane intersects the first member plane.
  • first connection member extending between and connecting the first and second ductile members in two different planes
  • second connection member extending between and connecting the first and second ductile members in two different planes.
  • the second connection member occupies a side of the assembly opposite the first connection member, and the first and second connection members are adapted for mounting to respective outer members formed from a soft material.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an implementation of an energy dissipator having first and second members that are opposed to each other.
  • FIG. 2A is a perspective view of the energy dissipator of FIG. 1 and also showing certain planes and axes in an exaggerated form.
  • FIG. 2B is a perspective view similar to FIG. 2A, except showing four energy dissipators of another implementation arranged in a 2x2 array and aligned along certain axes.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 are perspective views of the energy dissipator showing a connection member attached to and extending between the two opposed members.
  • FIG. 5 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly according to one implementation in which multiple pairs of opposed members are arranged longitudinally.
  • FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 7 is an elevation view of one end of the assembly of FIGS. 5 and 6.
  • FIG. 8 is an enlarged perspective view of one end of the assembly of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 9 is an enlarged perspective view of the other end of the assembly of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 10 is an enlarged perspective view of an end of one of the connection members in the assembly of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a portion of the end of the assembly of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 12 is an elevation view of the other end of the assembly of FIG. 5.
  • FIG. 13 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 15 is a perspective view of one end of the assembly of FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 16 is a perspective view of the other end of the assembly of FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing one end of the connection member of the assembly of FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing the other end of the connection member of FIG. 17.
  • FIG. 19 is an elevation view of one end of the assembly of FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 20 is an elevation view of the other end of the assembly of FIG. 13.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation.
  • FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 21.
  • FIG. 23 is an enlarged perspective view of an end of the assembly of FIG. 21.
  • FIGS. 24 and 25 are perspective views of the respective ends of one of the connection members of the assembly of FIG. 21.
  • FIGS. 26 and 27 are enlarged perspective views of respective ends of the other connection member of the assembly of FIG. 21.
  • FIG. 27 is an enlarged perspective view of one of the ends of one of the connection members of the assembly of FIG. 21.
  • FIGS. 28 and 29 are end elevation views of the respective ends of the assembly of FIG. 21.
  • FIG. 30 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation.
  • FIG. 31 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 30.
  • FIGS. 32 and 33 are enlarged perspective views showing the respective ends of the assembly of FIG. 30.
  • FIGS. 34 and 35 are end elevation views showing the respective ends of the assembly of FIG. 30.
  • FIG. 36 is a perspective view of the energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation.
  • FIG. 37 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 36.
  • FIGS. 38 and 39 are end elevation views of the respective ends of the assembly of FIG. 36.
  • FIG. 40 is a perspective view of the energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation.
  • FIG. 41 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 40.
  • FIGS. 42 and 43 are end elevation views of the respective ends of the assembly of FIG. 40.
  • FIG. 44 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation.
  • FIG. 45 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 44.
  • FIGS. 46 and 47 are enlarged perspective views of the respective ends of the assembly of FIG. 44.
  • FIGS. 48 and 49 are end elevation views of the respective ends of the assembly of FIG. 44.
  • FIG. 50 is a perspective view of one of the members of the energy dissipator assembled from multiple plies of material.
  • FIG. 51 is a perspective view of opposed members of the energy dissipator having a C-shaped configuration.
  • FIG. 52 is a perspective view of the members of the energy dissipator having an O-shaped configuration.
  • FIG. 53 A is a perspective view of an energy dissipator in which the members are rotated relative to each other by an angle other than 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 53B is a perspective view of an energy dissipator according to an alternative implementation in which the closed ends of the members are positioned to face each other.
  • FIG. 53B is a perspective view of an energy dissipator according to an alternative implementation in which the open ends of the members are positioned to face in the same direction of the axis.
  • FIG. 53C is a perspective view of an energy dissipator according to an alternative implementation in which the closed ends are positioned to face each other.
  • FIG. 54 is a graph showing displacement versus load for a representative energy dissipator.
  • FIG. 55 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator according to another implementation and showing the energy dissipator assembled with a surrounding member.
  • FIG. 56 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 55.
  • FIG. 57 is a perspective view of the energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation.
  • FIG. 58 is a perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 57 with one of the side members removed to show the internal configuration.
  • FIG. 59 is a perspective view of one of the sets of members showing that the individual members are arranged at an angle of other than 90° relative to each other.
  • FIG. 60 is an end elevation view of the assembly of FIG. 57.
  • FIG. 61 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly in a hold-down configuration.
  • FIG. 62 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 61.
  • FIG. 63 is a top plan view of the assembly of FIG. 61.
  • FIG. 64 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly according to another hold-down implementation.
  • FIG. 65 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 64.
  • FIG. 66 is a top plan view of the assembly of FIG. 64.
  • FIG. 67 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation.
  • FIG. 68 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of FIG. 67.
  • FIG. 69 is an end elevation view of the assembly of FIG. 67.
  • FIG. 70 is an exploded view of an energy dissipator assembly similar to FIG. 6, except including optional restrainers positioned along the length of the assembly.
  • FIG. 71 is an enlarged view of an end of an energy dissipator assembly showing a pair of optional angle-shaped restrainers and an optional end plate restrainer.
  • FIG. 72 is an enlarged perspective view showing an optional collar restrainer and an optional end plate restrainer.
  • FIG. 73 is a perspective view of an assembly shown partially cut away to illustrate an internal restrainer.
  • FIG. 74 is an exploded perspective view of the components of the internal restrainer of FIG. 73.
  • FIG. 75 is an exploded perspective view of an alternative restrainer.
  • FIG. 76 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly shown partially cut away to illustrate in internal restrainer according to another implementation.
  • FIG. 77 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of Fig. 76 showing the restrainer removed from the assembly.
  • FIG. 78 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation in which the members are axially offset from each other.
  • FIG. 79 is an elevation view of an energy dissipator assembly used as a brace.
  • FIG. 80 is an elevation view of an energy dissipator assembly used in a beam-to-column connection.
  • FIG. 81 is an elevation view of an energy dissipator used in a hold down application, such as for a shear wall.
  • FIG. 82 is an elevation view of an energy dissipator used in a column base application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
  • an exemplary energy dissipator 100 comprises a first member 110 and a second member 120.
  • the first member 110 has a first closed end 112
  • the second member 120 has a second closed end 122.
  • the first member 110 and second member 120 can be described as "close-ended” members, and more specifically for the illustrated implementation, "U-shaped" members.
  • the first member 110 and the second member 120 are opposed to each other (such as with their open ends facing each other as shown), and are co-axially arranged on a common longitudinal axis A.
  • the second member 120 is rotated about a longitudinal axis A relative to the first member 110, such as by 90 degrees in this example.
  • the first member 110 has a pair of spaced apart first legs 114, 116 extending from the first closed end 112.
  • the second member 120 has a pair of second legs 124, 126 extending from the second closed end 122.
  • the first member 110 and the second member 112 can have overlapping portions as shown, which tends to allow more energy dissipating performance to be provided per unit length of the energy dissipator in the longitudinal direction than in other designs.
  • the energy dissipator 100 of FIG. 1 can also be described as having overlapping legs or having first and second members that are interspersed or interleaved with each other.
  • a first plane PI is defined to extend through the leg 114, the first closed end 112 and the leg 116 of the first member 110.
  • the leg 114, the first closed end 112 and the leg 116 lie in the plane PI (in the specific illustrated implementation, each leg and the closed end are bisected by the plane PI, but this is not required).
  • a second plane P2 is defined to extend through the leg 124, the second closed end 122, and the leg 126.
  • the plane PI of the first member 110 and the plane P2 of the second member 120 are mutually perpendicular, i.e., the planes are rotated relative to each other by the same 90 degree angle described above.
  • the plane PI if extended, can be described as extending between the legs of the second member and intersecting it at its closed end, and vice versa for the plane P2 and the first member.
  • the first member 110 is subjected to a load that causes it yield and deform by relative deformation of legs 114 and 116 in the direction of the axis A (also referred to as "rolling"), the legs 114, 116 of the first member 110 tend to spread as the first member 110 tries to deform by rolling.
  • An expanded first member 110 does not behave predictably, so efforts are made to constrain it from expanding during use, such as by use of additional members.
  • the second member 120 that is rotated relative to the first member 110 provides torsional stiffness that resists the first member 110's tendency to expand or "open up.” Conversely, when the second member 120 is subjected to a load that causes it to yield and deform, the first member 110 provides torsional stiffness that resists this tendency.
  • the geometry of the energy dissipator 100 in which the first and second members 110, 120 are rotated relative to each other while a compact cross-sectional area is maintained provides greater performance, e.g., greater capacity per volume than conventional designs (the capacity is doubled in 40-50% of the cross-sectional area). This increase in capacity per volume is a "force capacity.”
  • the displacement capacity of the energy dissipator 100 is maintained, i.e., its displacement capacity is comparable to that of conventional designs.
  • first and second members of an energy dissipator pair are not rotated relative to each other. Rather, the first leg of each member is in a first plane, and the second leg of each member is in a second plane parallel to the first plane. In the energy dissipator 100, however, the first legs of the energy dissipator pair are in different planes from each other, respectively. Similarly, the second legs are in different planes from each other, respectively. In many of the following described implementations, the different planes are mutually perpendicular, but the planes may be rotated relative to each other by a non-90 degree angle as well.
  • the geometry of the energy dissipator 100 provides capabilities for establishing connections to objects and other members.
  • a long member made of wood can have an attached energy dissipator incorporated with the member to provide the energy dissipation capacity without requiring the energy dissipator to span the same length as the wood member.
  • the energy dissipator can be incorporated with members made of fiber reinforced composites, which are sometimes chosen in applications where reduced weight and/or reduced conductivity is desired.
  • the first and second members 110, 120 can be made of any suitable material, generally described as a material having sufficient ductility for the selected application. In some
  • the members are made of a mild steel. In other implementations, the members can be made of other materials, such as from aluminum or another material, e.g., to provide increased corrosion resistance or another desired property. In many implementations, the members are readily replaceable, e.g., if they are permanently deformed because of a seismic event and/or storm.
  • FIG. 2A is another perspective illustration of the energy dissipator 100 with the first member 110 shown in relation to the second member 120, and also showing the planes PI, P2 in exaggerated form. Also shown in exaggerated form are axes Rl, R2, which are axes defining a radius of curvature for the first closed end 112 and the second closed end 122, respectively.
  • the first and second closed ends 112, 122 are semicircular, but other curvatures are possible. In some implementations, the ends are referred to as "arc-ended.”
  • FIG. 2B is a perspective view of another implementation in which four energy dissipators 100 are arranged together in a 2X2 array.
  • two of the dissipators share a common plane PI extending through the respective first member 110 of these dissipators (i.e., through its end and both legs).
  • a plane P3 extends through the first member 110 of the aligned pairs of dissipators.
  • the upper dissipators have second members 120 that are aligned in a plane P2
  • the lower pair of dissipators have second members 120 that are aligned in a plane P4.
  • the axes of curvature for the first members 110 and the second members 120 which are assumed to have curved ends in this example, are also common between the left and right pairs of energy dissipators (axes R2 and R4, respectively), and the upper and lower pairs of energy dissipators (axes Rl and R3, respectively) as shown.
  • FIG. 3 is perspective view of the energy dissipator 100, showing the first member 110 and the second member 120 connected together by a first connection member 140 extending between a first attachment location 128 on the first member 110 and a second attachment location 130 on the second member 120.
  • the first attachment location 128 is in a first attachment plane Bl and the second attachment location 130 is in a second attachment plane B2.
  • the first attachment plane Bl and the second attachment plane B2 are rotated relative to each other.
  • the attachment planes Bl, B2 are rotated relative to each other by the same 90 degree angle described above.
  • the connection members 140, 150 are sometimes referred to as "two-plane" connection members.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view similar FIG. 3, except from a different vantage and showing a second connection member 150 extending from an attachment location 132 on the first member 110 to an attachment location 134 on the second member 120.
  • the attachment location 132 is in a plane B3
  • the attachment location 134 is in a plane B4, and the planes B3, B4 are rotated relative to each other by the same 90 degree angle described above.
  • each connection member 140, 150 connects one leg of the first member 110 to one leg of the second member 120.
  • the connection members can be building members or other members of a structure (usually in pairs) between which the first and second members 110, 120 are positioned so that they can dissipate energy and deform as necessary upon relative movement of the connection members.
  • an energy dissipator assembly 200 comprises multiple pairs of first and second members (referred to herein as "energy dissipators") that are arranged along a longitudinal axis.
  • the energy dissipator assembly is implemented as a brace or other type of member having two opposing ends for connection between two structures or portions of structures for which energy dissipation is desired. As shown in FIGS.
  • the energy dissipator assembly 200 includes eight energy dissipators having corresponding first members 21 OA, 210B, 2 IOC, 210D, 210E, 21 OF, 210G and 21 OH and second members 220A, 220B, 220C, 220D, 220E, 220F, 220G and 220H.
  • the longitudinally arranged energy dissipators are connected together by a first connection member 240 and a second connection member 250.
  • the first connection member 240 is connected to each of the upper legs of the first members 21 OA, 210B, 2 IOC, 210D, 210E, 21 OF, 210G and 21 OH by fasteners 274 extending through apertures 272 in the first connection member 240 and aligned apertures 270 in the first connection members as shown for the first member 21 OA.
  • the other leg of each of the first members is connected in the same way to the second connection member 250 using the apertures 277 in the horizontal flange of that member (see FIG. 10). As also shown in FIG.
  • each of the second members 220A, 220B, 220C, 220D, 220E, 220F, 220G and 220H is connected to the second connection member 250 with fasteners 280 extending through apertures 278 in the second connection member and aligned apertures 276 in the second members as shown for the second member 220A of the first dissipator.
  • each first member is connected to both connection members, and each second member is also connected to both connection members.
  • the various fasteners may include conventional threaded fasteners, including bolts and nuts, as well as other fasteners.
  • fasteners are not shown in all of the subsequent illustrations.
  • the energy dissipator assembly 200 has a first end 202 and an opposite second end 204.
  • the first end 202 which is part of the first connection member 240, comprises a plate 242, a flange 244 extending approximately perpendicular to the plate 242 from one side and a flange 246 extending approximately perpendicular to the plate 242 from an opposite side.
  • the connection member 250 has a plate 252, a first flange 254 extending approximately perpendicular from one side of the plate 252 and a second flange 256 extending approximately perpendicular from a second side of the plate 252.
  • the plate 242 of the first connection member is received in the slot 258 of the second connection member.
  • a plate 252 of the second connection member 250 at the second end is received in a slot 248 of the first connection member 240.
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 are enlarged perspective views of opposite ends of the second connection member 250 shown in isolation from the other components.
  • FIGS. 8 and 9 are enlarged perspective views of portions of the energy dissipator assembly 200 showing the arrangement of the first and second ends 202, 204, respectively.
  • FIG. 7 is an end elevation view of the first end
  • FIG. 12 is an end elevation view of the second end.
  • the first connection member 240 which has a right-angle cross section along at least a portion as shown, has a left flange connected to each second member (the second member 220A of the first dissipator is visible in the drawing), and a horizontal flange connected to each first member (the first member 21 OA of the first dissipator is visible in the drawing).
  • FIG. 7 shows that the second connection member 250 is connected to the other leg of the second member 220 A and the other leg of the first member 21 OA.
  • the plate 242 can be dimensioned wider than the body of the energy dissipator assembly 200 as shown to increase flexibility in making connections to other objects.
  • the opposite end of the first connection member 240 is connected at its horizontal flange to the first member 21 OH of the eighth dissipator visible in the drawing.
  • the first connection member 240 is also connected at its vertical flange to the second member 220H visible in the drawing.
  • the second connection member 250 is connected to the second member 220H at its vertical flange and to the first member 21 OH at its horizontal flange.
  • the opposite sides of the cross section i.e., the first connection member 240 and the second connection member 250, which can be external, slide past each other when the energy dissipator assembly 200 is subjected to a load.
  • an internal core is movable relative to an external portion, so to maintain this capability, the braces can only be mounted to other objects at their ends where the internal core is accessible.
  • conventional arrangements without first and second members that are rotated relative to each other do not provide for shear load transfer through both sides of the cross section.
  • the ability to transfer shear loads through both sides of the cross section allows the energy dissipator assembly to be used in implementations where the assembly (or even the first and second members themselves) are attached to materials that cannot transfer load via single-point attachments, such as, e.g., wood (including cross- laminated timber) and other comparatively soft materials, fiber reinforced composites, and other materials.
  • the attachment points for the energy dissipator assembly 200 used as a brace need not be in line with the centroid of the section, and thus end connection points spaced from the longitudinal axis can be used.
  • multiple braces can be ganged together side- by-side to provide increased capacity (see, e.g., FIG. 21, FIG. 30, FIG. 40, FIG. 44, etc.).
  • Braces can be designed to meet predetermined stiffness control, stroke control, footprint size and/or ease of installation requirements, among others.
  • FIG. 13 is an assembled view of a second implementation of a dissipator assembly 300
  • FIG. 14 is a corresponding exploded perspective view.
  • the assembly 300 includes eight dissipators arranged longitudinally and connected to connection members 340, 350, but the connection members have end plates arranged at one side for mounting to other objects, rather than centrally located plates as shown for the assembly 200.
  • the components of the assembly 300 are labeled with the same reference numerals as in FIGS. 5-12, plus 100.
  • the components can be assembled together with fasteners (omitted for clarity in this and subsequent examples) as described above for the assembly 200, or with another suitable fastening approach.
  • FIGS. 15 and 16 are enlarged perspective views of portions of the assembly 300 showing its opposite ends, respectively, with the plate 352 of the first connection member 340 as shown in FIG. 15 and the plate 342 of the first connection member 340 as shown in FIG. 16.
  • FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a portion of one end of the second connection member 350 showing the plate 352
  • FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing the opposite end of the second connection member 350.
  • FIGS. 19 and 20 are elevation views of the ends of the assembly 300. As shown, the plate 352 at a first end is on the same side of the assembly as a plate 342 at the opposite second end. Thus, mounting the assembly for certain applications can be accomplished in a straightforward manner.
  • FIG. 21 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly 400 according to a third implementation
  • FIG. 22 is a corresponding exploded perspective view.
  • the assembly 400 includes sixteen dissipators with eight dissipators 484 arranged in an upper longitudinal array and eight dissipators 486 arranged in a lower longitudinal array.
  • the upper and lower longitudinal arrays are vertically aligned with each other.
  • the first member of each energy dissipator is connected to first and second connection members 440, 450
  • the second member of each energy dissipator is also connected to the first and second connection members 440, 450.
  • the aligned first members are connected to the second connection member 450 extending between them with a single pair of fasteners 474 (see Figs. 28 and 29) extending through aligned apertures in the first members and the connection members.
  • FIG. 23 is an enlarged perspective view of a portion of the assembly 400 showing one end.
  • FIGS. 24 and 25 are perspective views showing ends of the connection member 440.
  • FIGS. 26 and 27 are enlarged perspective views showing portions of the ends of the second connection member 450.
  • FIGS. 28 and 29 are end elevation views showing the end configurations of the assembly 400, and also showing fasteners for the first elements as described above.
  • FIG. 30 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly 500 according to a fourth implementation
  • FIG. 31 is a corresponding exploded perspective view.
  • the energy dissipator assembly 500 there are sixteen energy dissipators arranged in two longitudinal arrays of eight dissipators each positioned side-by-side.
  • the dissipators at each end of the assembly 500 are single member only, whereas the other twelve dissipators are pairs of first members and second members as described above.
  • FIGS. 32 and 33 are enlarged perspective views showing ends of the assembly 500.
  • FIGS. 34 and 35 are end elevation views of the assembly 500. Similar to the previous implementation, a portion of the first connection member 540 fits between the dissipators 584, 586 and can be secured to each with a single set of fasteners (i.e., at a single fastening or welding site).
  • FIG. 36 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly 600 according to a fifth implementation
  • FIG. 37 is a corresponding exploded perspective view.
  • the connections between the assembly 600 and objects at either end of the assembly to which it is connected are made in a plane or planes that are distinct from the planes of the first and second members. Stated differently, the ends are "angled" relative to the energy dissipators, rather than in parallel with the legs of the first members or the second members.
  • the plate 642 of the second connection member 650 is not parallel to any of the legs of the energy dissipators 684.
  • the plate 652 of the first connection member is also not parallel to any of the legs of the energy dissipator 684.
  • FIGS. 38 and 39 are end elevation views of the opposite ends of the assembly 600 and show the orientation of the plates 642, 652, respectively.
  • FIG. 40 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly 700 accordingly to a sixth implementation
  • FIG. 41 is a corresponding exploded perspective view. Similar to the assembly 600, in the assembly 700, the ends 702, 704 are rotated relative to the legs of the first and second members, and similar to the assembly 500, there are two longitudinal arrays of energy dissipators arranged side by side.
  • FIGS. 42 and 43 are end elevation views of the assembly 700 showing the end plates 742, 756 that are rotated relative to the arrays of energy dissipator 784, 786.
  • FIG. 44 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly 800 according to a seventh implementation in which there are four longitudinal arrays of energy dissipators arranged in a 2x2 array.
  • FIG. 45 is a corresponding exploded perspective view of the assembly 800. As shown, there are a pair of first connection members 840A, 840B, and there is a second connection member 850 that separates the arrays of dissipators horizontally and vertically, and forms a "core" of the assembly 800.
  • FIGS. 46 and 47 are enlarged perspective views showing ends of the assembly 800.
  • a first end of the assembly is formed from extension members 842, 843 extending from first connection members 840A, 840B, respectively.
  • an opposite end is formed by the T- shaped portions 890, 892 of the second connection member.
  • FIGS. 48 and 49 are end elevation views of opposite ends, respectively, of the energy dissipator assembly 800. Fasteners 874 and 880 extending through the centrally positioned second connection member 850 are shown connected to the first and second members of the energy dissipators (the connections between the first connection members 840A, 840B and the first and second members are as described above and not shown for clarity).
  • the first and second members may be formed as close ended shapes from one or more component parts. As shown in FIG. 50, a representative close ended member 910 is formed of multiple plies of thinner material.
  • the C-shaped members can be intermeshed (also referred to as “interspersed” or “interwoven”).
  • intermeshed, interspersed or interwoven C- shaped members 1110, 1120 can be used as an energy dissipator.
  • the first and second members may be constructed as "O" shaped members, such as the O-shaped members 1110', 1120' as shown in FIG. 52.
  • FIG. 53A is a perspective view of an energy dissipator in which the first and second members are rotated relative to each other by an angle of other than 90 degrees.
  • the first and second members are rotated relative to each other by 90 degrees about a common axis.
  • the members 1210, 1220 are rotated relative to each other by an angle of other than 90 degrees, i.e., by about 30 degrees.
  • the first member and second member are still connected together by a first connection member 1240 and a second connection member 1250 as in the other embodiments, the connection members undergo a rotation or twist equivalent to the angle by which the first member and second member are rotated relative each other.
  • an energy dissipator 5300 includes first and second members 5310, 5320 that are not opposed to each other, but rather have their respective closed ends facing each other along the common axis A.
  • the first member 5310 has a first closed end 5312 and a first pair of spaced-apart legs 5314, 5316.
  • the second member 5320 has a second closed end 5322 that faces the first closed end 5312.
  • the second member 5320 also has a second pair of spaced apart legs 5324, 5326.
  • the planes within which the members 5310, 5320 lie are angled relative to each other.
  • the configuration of Fig. 53B can be substituted in any of the implementations described elsewhere herein.
  • an energy dissipator 5400 includes first and second members 5310, 5320 that are not opposed to each other, but rather have their respective open ends facing in a same direction along the common axis A.
  • the first member 5410 has a first closed end 5412 and a first pair of spaced-apart legs 5414, 5416.
  • the second member 5420 has a second closed end 5422 that faces the first closed end 5412.
  • the second member 5420 also has a second pair of spaced apart legs 5424, 5426.
  • the planes within which the members 5310, 5320 lie are angled relative to each other.
  • the configuration of Fig. 53C can be substituted in any of the implementations described elsewhere herein.
  • the close ended member such as one resembling the first member 110, has predictable, stable, hysteretic behavior.
  • an energy dissipator assembly 1300 can be assembled between other structural elements 1360, 1362 such that the energy dissipating function is available without needing to span the full length of the connected structural elements.
  • FIG. 55B a portion of each structural element 1360, 1362 is not shown to allow the interior configuration to be illustrated more clearly.
  • the energy dissipator assembly 1300 can be installed with a first end inserted into a recess 1348 defined in one end of the member 1360, and an opposite second end inserted into a recess 1352 defined in one end of the member 1362.
  • the energy dissipator assembly 1300 has first and second connection members 1340, 1350 and a series of eight energy dissipators arranged longitudinally as in, e.g., FIG. 6 (which have been omitted from the drawing for clarity).
  • the first connection member 1340 and second connection member 1350 are attached according to the same principles discussed elsewhere, such as with fasteners or adhesive.
  • one end of the first connection member 1340 is attached to the structural element 1360 while the opposite end is free to slide within the recess 1352 of the second structural member.
  • connection member 1350 is attached to the second structural member 1362 while the opposite end is free to slide within the recess 1348 of the first structural member.
  • the recesses 1348, 1352 can be provided with a low friction surface to allow easier sliding of the connection members.
  • the structural members 1360, 1362 can be made of wood, other fibrous material or fiber reinforced composites. Each structural member 1360, 1362 may have a one-piece or a multi-piece construction.
  • the energy dissipator assembly 1300 which can be provided in a very compact cross section, can be partially housed within the structural members and provide sufficient dissipation capacity at a selected point between the ends of the structural members 1360, 1362. More than one such assembly 1300 can be used. Further, in applications where aesthetic considerations are important, the gap G can be disguised. Also, if the energy dissipator assembly 1300, is spaced away from other conductive elements by non-conductive members 1360, 1362 as shown, then the energy dissipator does not establish new a conductive path that lightning might follow.
  • FIG. 57 is an energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation in which at least some of the members making up the assembly are arranged at angles other than 90 degrees relative to each other.
  • FIG. 58 is a perspective view of the assembly 1400, rotated by 180 degrees, with the second connection member 1450 removed to show the arrangement of the energy dissipators 1405 arranged longitudinally.
  • each of the energy dissipators 1405 has three members, a first member 1410, a second member 1412 and a third member 1413. As best shown in FIG. 60, the first member 1410 and the second member 1412 are rotated by 90 degrees relative to each other. The third member 1413 is rotated from each of the first member 1410 and the second member 1412 by 45 degrees. Thus, the angle between a first member and another member can be none zero angle up to 90 degrees.
  • FIG. 61 shows an energy dissipator assembly 1500 according to a hold-down
  • FIG. 62 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly 1500.
  • each dissipator has a first member 1510 and a second member 1512.
  • Each of the dissipators is connected to a first connection member 1540, as well as to a second connection member 1550.
  • the first connection member 1540 has a baseplate 1542 for supporting the assembly 1500 on a horizontal surface and gussets 1543 for strengthening connections between the upright portion and the plate 1542.
  • FIG. 63 is a plan view showing the first member 1510, the second member 1512, the first connection member 1540 and the second connection member 1550 as assembled together and standing upright relative to the baseplate 1542.
  • the hold-down assembly 1500 is suited for a wide range of applications, including as a hold-down for an upright shear wall.
  • the wall (not shown) and the hold-down are positioned vertically and secured together, and the baseplate 1542 is secured to the foundation, ground, piling or other object.
  • FIG. 64 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly 1600 according to another hold-down implementation
  • FIG. 65 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly of the FIG. 64.
  • the assembly 1600 shares many features with the assembly 1500 described above but the second connection member 1650 is wider and extends beyond the first connection member 1640 in the lateral dimension, which can allow for easier access to fasteners.
  • FIG. 67 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly according to another implementation
  • FIG. 68 is an exploded perspective view of the assembly.
  • the assembly 1700 includes four dissipators 1705 arranged in a longitudinal array and connected to a first connection member 1740 and to a second connection member 1750.
  • the assembly 1700 has an outer shell 1774, which in the illustrated implementation has a closed cross section, such as a square cross section with slightly rounded corners as shown that fits around the assembled dissipators 1740, 1750.
  • reduced friction elements 1770 A, 1770B, 1770C and 1770D are provided opposite the outer faces of the connection elements 1740, 1750 to allow the internal components to flex and otherwise move under load without deforming the surrounding shell 1774.
  • the shell 1174 can have any shape, and is not limited to having the square or rectangular cross-section as illustrated (e.g., the shell could have a circular or other rounded shape).
  • the shell 1774 serves as a restrainer to restrain movement of the connection members as described above.
  • the shell 1774 in the illustrated implementation is adapted to serve as an aesthetically pleasing outer surface that may be visible in some applications.
  • FIG. 70 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly similar to the energy dissipator assembly of FIGS. 5-12, except showing optional restrainer elements that can be used to restrain the connection members and first and second members from deforming away from each other in lateral directions and tend to keep the assembly longitudinally aligned.
  • each of the first connection member 1840 and the second connection member 1850 can have one or more restrainer elements 1880 (four are shown in the figure).
  • FIG. 71 is an enlarged view of one end of the assembly 1800 showing two restrainer elements 1880 arranged opposite each other.
  • the restrainer elements 1880 have an right-angle shape.
  • FIG. 72 is similar to FIG. 1, but shows an alternative restrainer element 1882 that is shaped to surround the assembly like a collar. Other restrainer element configurations are possible, provided the restrainer elements span at least from one connecting member to the other connecting member to restrain deformation away from each other.
  • FIG. 73 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly 1900 with part of the assembly removed to show an option inner restrainer 1984.
  • the restrainer 1984 In a space between two of the dissipators 1905, the restrainer 1984 has been positioned as shown and connected to one of the connection members such as the connection member 1940, such as by welding or other attachment method. The opposite end of the restrainer 1984 is constrained within the receiver 1982, which is attached to the second connection member 1950, such as by a weldment.
  • An exploded view of the restrainer 1984 and the receiver 1982 is shown in FIG. 74. As can be seen, the restrainer allows for movement of the connection members 1940, 1950 and the connected dissipators 1905 in the longitudinal direction, but movement of the components in the assembly in the lateral direction is constrained by engagement of the restrainer 1984 within the receiver 1982.
  • FIG. 75 is a perspective view of an alternative receiver that can be used with the restrainer 1984.
  • the restrainer 1988 has a square tubular shape instead of a round tubular shape as in the receiver 1982.
  • FIG. 76 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator assembly 2000 having an optional restrainer arrangement.
  • a portion of the second connection member 2050 has been cut away to show the internal construction.
  • the restrainer 2084 has an exterior end 2068 and an opposite interior end 2090, as best shown in FIG. 77.
  • the interior end 2090 can be attached to the first connection member 2040, such as by welding. In this way, the restrainer tends to restrain components of the assembly from movement in the lateral directions, but still allows longitudinal movement along the direction of the slot 2085, which is dimensioned longer than the dimension of the restrainer 2084.
  • FIG. 78 is a perspective view of an energy dissipator 2100 according to another implementation in which the first member 2010 and the second member 2012 are opposed and rotated relative to each other, but do not share a common longitudinal axis. Rather, the axis Al of the first member 2010 and the axis A2 of the second member 2112 are offset from each other as shown.
  • FIGS. 79-82 are elevation views of one or more energy dissipator assemblies used in a variety of different representative applications. For example, FIG. 79 is an exemplary application of a building or structural frame 3000 in which energy dissipator assemblies have been
  • FIG. 80 is an exemplary connection 3008 between two building members, such as a vertical column 3010 and a horizontal beam 3012, where at least one of the members is provided with energy dissipating capacity by incorporating one or more energy dissipating assemblies, such as is shown in this case implemented for the beam 3012.
  • FIG. 81 is an exemplary hold down 3020, such as can be used for a shear wall 3022. As shown, there are vertical hold down members 3024, 3026 each having one or more energy dissipating assemblies for supporting the wall 3022.
  • FIG. 80 is an exemplary connection 3008 between two building members, such as a vertical column 3010 and a horizontal beam 3012, where at least one of the members is provided with energy dissipating capacity by incorporating one or more energy dissipating assemblies, such as is shown in this case implemented for the beam 3012.
  • FIG. 81 is an exemplary hold down 3020, such as can be used for a shear wall 3022. As shown, there are vertical hold down members 3024
  • 82 is an exemplary column to base connection (or support) 3030 between a vertical column 3032 and a base 3034, e.g., for a bridge column or other application. As shown, there are multiple vertical members 3036 spaced around the column (three of which are visible in the figure) with energy dissipator assemblies.
  • the energy dissipator can be used as in structural fuses, structural dampers, bridge retrofits, shear walls, trusses, electrical equipment, pedestal stands, structural connections, industrial warehouses, warehouse industry shelving, equipment support (including for breweries, water vessels, gas vessels, etc.); server racks and data centers, floor isolation and dissipation, manufacturing facilities, automobile frame components, crash barriers and other similar applications.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, un dissipateur d'énergie comprend un premier élément en forme de U et un second élément en forme de U. Le premier élément en forme de U a une première extrémité fermée, une paire de premières pattes espacées s'étendant à partir de la première extrémité fermée et une première extrémité ouverte opposée à la première extrémité fermée. La première extrémité fermée et la paire de premières pattes se trouvent dans un premier plan d'élément. Le second élément en forme de U est coaxial au premier élément en forme de U et a une seconde extrémité fermée, une paire de secondes pattes espacées s'étendant à partir de la seconde extrémité fermée et une seconde extrémité ouverte opposée à la seconde extrémité fermée. La seconde extrémité fermée et la paire de secondes pattes se trouvent dans un second plan d'élément. Le second élément en forme de U est positionné pour s'opposer au premier élément en forme de U et est tourné par rapport au premier élément en forme de U de telle sorte que le second plan d'élément coupe le premier plan d'élément.
PCT/US2017/032272 2017-05-11 2017-05-11 Dissipateurs d'énergie à éléments tournés WO2018208307A1 (fr)

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CN111287344B (zh) * 2020-02-12 2021-04-06 青岛理工大学 一种减震防倒塌的联合结构
CN111945915A (zh) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-17 北京工业大学 一种嵌套式u形分阶段屈服阻尼器
CN111945916A (zh) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-17 北京工业大学 一种嵌套式u形带波形耗能件阻尼器
CN111945914A (zh) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-17 北京工业大学 一种u形带波形耗能件阻尼器
CN111945912A (zh) * 2020-07-20 2020-11-17 北京工业大学 一种整体更换式u形带波形耗能件阻尼器
CN112900670A (zh) * 2021-01-22 2021-06-04 江南大学 一种可更换的分段屈服金属耗能阻尼器
CN112853933A (zh) * 2021-02-24 2021-05-28 江南大学 一种具有可恢复功能的节段预制拼装钢管混凝土桥墩
CN112853933B (zh) * 2021-02-24 2022-04-29 江南大学 一种具有可恢复功能的节段预制拼装钢管混凝土桥墩

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