WO2018205674A1 - 摄像部件和显示装置 - Google Patents

摄像部件和显示装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018205674A1
WO2018205674A1 PCT/CN2018/072557 CN2018072557W WO2018205674A1 WO 2018205674 A1 WO2018205674 A1 WO 2018205674A1 CN 2018072557 W CN2018072557 W CN 2018072557W WO 2018205674 A1 WO2018205674 A1 WO 2018205674A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
electrode layer
image pickup
pickup unit
unit according
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2018/072557
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈雷
王雪绒
方京哲
赵洋
时凌云
孙海威
张琦
Original Assignee
京东方科技集团股份有限公司
北京京东方光电科技有限公司
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Application filed by 京东方科技集团股份有限公司, 北京京东方光电科技有限公司 filed Critical 京东方科技集团股份有限公司
Priority to US16/074,827 priority Critical patent/US20190324304A1/en
Publication of WO2018205674A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018205674A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • H04N23/50—Constructional details
    • H04N23/55—Optical parts specially adapted for electronic image sensors; Mounting thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1334—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods based on polymer dispersed liquid crystals, e.g. microencapsulated liquid crystals
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
    • G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
    • G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
    • G02F1/1343—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N23/00—Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/157—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. reflectors or illuminating devices

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to the field of display technologies, and in particular, to an image pickup component and a display device.
  • an image pickup unit includes an imaging unit and a dimming structure provided on a light incident side of the imaging unit.
  • the dimming structure includes a first electrode layer and a second electrode layer disposed opposite to each other, and an adjustment layer disposed between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer. Further, the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are configured to form an electric field for controlling light transmittance of the adjustment layer when a voltage is applied.
  • the adjustment layer comprises a polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer.
  • the thickness of the adjustment layer is approximately 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the adjustment layer comprises a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal layer, and an alignment layer located on both sides of the polymer-stabilized liquid crystal layer.
  • the adjustment layer includes an electrochromic layer.
  • the electrochromic layer is made of a nickel oxide electrochromic material.
  • the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer are both made of a transparent conductive material.
  • the imaging component further includes a transparent substrate disposed on a side of the first electrode layer and/or the second electrode layer facing away from the adjustment layer.
  • a sum of thicknesses of the first electrode layer and the transparent substrate is approximately 12.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the sum of the thicknesses of the second electrode layer and the transparent substrate is approximately 12.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • a display device comprising the image pickup unit described in any of the above embodiments.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic structural view of an image pickup unit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the structure of a light control structure in the image pickup unit shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing the image pickup unit shown in FIG. 1 in an information protection state
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view showing another structure of a light control structure in the image pickup unit shown in FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view showing the image pickup unit shown in FIG. 1 in a photographing state
  • Fig. 6 is a view showing still another structural view of the light control structure in the image pickup unit shown in Fig. 1.
  • the image pickup unit 01 includes an image pickup unit 10, wherein the image pickup unit 10 mainly includes a camera 101 for taking a still or moving image.
  • the camera 101 is mainly composed of a charge coupled device (CCD) image sensor or a Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) image sensor.
  • CCD charge coupled device
  • CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • the imaging unit 01 further includes a dimming structure 20 provided on the light incident side A of the imaging unit 10.
  • the light incident side A of the image pickup unit 10 refers to the side on which the image pickup unit 10 collects external light.
  • the application manner of the dimming structure 20 is not limited in this application.
  • the light control structure 20 may be directly attached to the light incident side A of the image pickup unit 10 or may be fixed to the light incident side A of the image pickup unit 10 by other auxiliary members such as a mounting bracket or the like.
  • the dimming structure 20 includes a first electrode layer 201 and a second electrode layer 202 disposed opposite to each other, and an adjustment layer 203 disposed between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202. Based on this, the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 form an electric field for controlling the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203 when a voltage is applied.
  • the material constituting the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 may be a thin metal film layer having a good transmittance.
  • the preparation process of the film layer is required to be high, which tends to cause an increase in the production cost of the product.
  • the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 may be made of a transparent conductive material, such as Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) or Indium Zinc Oxide (Indium Zinc Oxide, IZO), Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide (IGZO), and the like.
  • ITO Indium Tin Oxide
  • IZO Indium Zinc Oxide
  • IGZO Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide
  • the above materials are capable of having good electrical conductivity on the one hand and high light transmittance at the same time.
  • the influence of the dimming structure 20 on the imaging unit 10 can be reduced.
  • the electrode layer on the side close to the imaging unit 10 in the dimming structure 20, that is, the first electrode layer 201 may be directly formed on the light incident side A of the imaging unit 10.
  • the dimming structure 20 further includes a transparent substrate 204 disposed on a side of the first electrode layer 201 and/or the second electrode layer 202 facing away from the adjustment layer 203.
  • the transparent substrate 204 is disposed on one side of the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 facing away from the adjustment layer 203.
  • the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 are respectively formed on the two transparent substrates 204 by an evaporation process.
  • two transparent substrates 204 provided with electrode layers are respectively disposed on both sides of the adjustment layer 203. In this way, the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 can be supported and protected by the transparent substrate 204 described above.
  • the sum of the thicknesses of the first electrode layer 201 and the transparent substrate 204 is 12.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m. Further, the sum of the thicknesses of the second electrode layer 202 and the transparent substrate 204 is 12.5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m.
  • the fabrication process of the counter electrode layer and the transparent substrate 204 is required to be high, resulting in a manufacturing cost. rise.
  • the thickness of any one of the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 and the thickness of the transparent substrate 204 is greater than 50 ⁇ m, the overall thickness of the light-adjusting structure 20 is too large, which is disadvantageous for the ultra-thin product. Design trends. Typically, the thickness of any one of the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 is usually about several hundred nanometers.
  • the transparent substrate 204 may be a glass substrate or a transparent resin substrate (for example, a PET substrate).
  • the transparent resin substrate may be a flexible substrate having a thin thickness such that the PET substrate on which the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 are vapor-deposited may constitute a flexible conductive PET film.
  • the electric field formed by the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 in the energized state can control the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203. Therefore, when the user needs to take a picture using the above-described image pickup unit 10, the magnitude of the above electric field can be controlled, so that the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203 is improved, thereby reducing the influence on the image sharpness of the image pickup unit 10. Further, when the user does not need to use the above-described image pickup unit 10, the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203 can be lowered, that is, the haze can be increased by controlling the magnitude of the above electric field.
  • the adjustment layer 203 can interfere with the resolution of the camera 101, the captured image is blurred or even completely invisible. In this way, the purpose of protecting user privacy or information is achieved.
  • the adjustment layer 203 in the present application is independent of the structure of the imaging unit 10, so the setting of the adjustment layer 203 does not affect the internal structure of the imaging unit 10; on the other hand, the adjustment layer 203 and the imaging The control operations of unit 10 are performed independently without interference between each other.
  • the image pickup unit 01 provided by the present application the image pickup unit 10 can be physically shielded by the adjustment layer 203, and thus it is not necessary to rely on software protection. In this way, it is not necessary to install software with information protection function, thereby saving storage space of the electronic device and avoiding the cumbersome operation caused by continuously updating the software version.
  • the conditioning layer 203 is a Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal (PDLC) layer.
  • PDLC Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal
  • the PDLC layer is composed of liquid crystal molecules 2031 and a polymer 2032 in which liquid crystal molecules 2031 are dispersed in a polymer 2032, and the polymer 2032 has a large specific gravity in the PDLC layer.
  • the polymer 2032 in the PDLC layer has the flexible conductive PET film composed of the first electrode layer 201 and the transparent substrate 204 and the flexibility composed of the second electrode layer 202 and the transparent substrate 204 by means of its own adhesive force.
  • Conductive PET films are respectively adhered to both sides of the PDLC layer to form the above-mentioned adjustment layer 203.
  • the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 may be brought into a non-energized state. That is, no voltage is applied to the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 described above, so that the electric field between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 is zero.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 2031 in the PDLC layer are disorderly arranged, and thus the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules 2031 is randomly oriented and appears disordered.
  • the light incident on the adjustment layer 203 is strongly scattered, so that the PDLC layer is opaque or translucent.
  • the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203 is low, for example, the light transmittance of white light is ⁇ 65%; correspondingly, the haze is large, and may be ⁇ 70%.
  • the light incident side A of the unit 10. Thereby, the imaging C2 of the subject C1 on the imaging unit 10 as shown in FIG. 3 is blurred.
  • the camera 101 of the imaging unit 10 is maliciously intruded, and the unscrupulous person cannot collect a clear image through the camera 101, thereby effectively protecting the personal information or privacy of the user.
  • a voltage may be applied to the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 such that the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 are in an energized state. Specifically, the electric field between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 can be increased.
  • the liquid crystal molecules 2031 in the PDLC layer are arranged neatly, and the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules 2031 is perpendicular to the light incident side of the PDLC layer, that is, coincides with the direction of the electric field. Thereby, the medium inside the PDLC layer is made uniform, and the PDLC layer is transparent.
  • the adjustment layer 203 can obtain a higher light transmittance, for example, a white light transmittance of ⁇ 90%; correspondingly, the haze is small, and can be ⁇ 3%.
  • a white light transmittance of ⁇ 90% correspondingly, the haze is small
  • the subject C1 as shown in FIG. 5 can be made clear imaging C2 in the imaging unit 10.
  • the adjustment layer 203 corresponds to a film layer having a uniform medium and a transmittance close to 100%, and thus does not affect the normal shooting of the image pickup unit 10. In such a case, it is possible to ensure that the user performs a normal shooting operation.
  • the adjustment layer 203 is a PDLC layer
  • the adjustment layer 203 since the adjustment layer 203 has a protective effect, it is not necessary to apply a voltage to the electrode layer in the adjustment layer 203 (or alternatively, a zero voltage is applied), so that it is in a protective state.
  • the adjustment layer 203 does not generate additional power consumption. Further, when the user performs normal shooting using the photographing unit 10, the above-described adjustment layer 203 can consume 5 mW, and thus power consumption is low.
  • the thickness of the adjustment layer 203 may be 10 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
  • the thickness of the adjustment layer 203 is less than 10 ⁇ m, the manufacturing process is required to be high, which is disadvantageous for reducing the production cost.
  • the thickness of the adjustment layer 203 is larger than 20 ⁇ m, the thickness of the entire light adjustment structure 20 is increased, which is disadvantageous for the design tendency of the product to be thinned.
  • the above-described dimming structure 20 The thickness is 50 ⁇ m.
  • the sum of the thickness of each of the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 and the thickness of the transparent substrate 204 is 50 ⁇ m
  • the thickness of the above-mentioned adjustment layer 203 is 20 ⁇ m
  • the above-described dimming structure 20 The thickness is 120 ⁇ m. Therefore, the thickness of the adjustment layer 203 ranges from 50 ⁇ m to 120 ⁇ m. In this manner, the thickness of the adjustment layer 203 can be made as small as possible without increasing the manufacturing difficulty and cost.
  • the structure of the adjustment layer 203 may, for example, include a Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal (PSLC) layer 2033, and an alignment layer 2034 located on both sides of the PSLC layer 2033.
  • PSLC Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal
  • the PSLC layer 2033 is composed of liquid crystal molecules 2031 and a polymer 2032 in which liquid crystal molecules 2031 and polymer 2032 are alternately stacked, and liquid crystal molecules 2031 have a large specific gravity in the PSLC layer 2033.
  • the alignment layer 2034 described above enables the liquid crystal molecules 2031 in the PSLC layer 2033 to be aligned in an initial state (ie, without an electric field).
  • the electric field between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 is zero.
  • the above liquid crystal molecules 2031 are in an initial state, and are arranged neatly. Further, the optical axis of the liquid crystal molecules 2031 is perpendicular to the light incident side of the PSLC layer 2033, that is, coincides with the direction of the electric field, so that the medium inside the PSLC layer 2033 is uniform, and the PSLC layer 2033 is transparent.
  • the light-transmitting transmittance of the adjustment layer 203 composed of the PSLC layer 2033 and the alignment layer 2034 is high, for example, the light transmittance of white light is ⁇ 90%.
  • the subject C1 can obtain a clear imaging C2 in the imaging unit 10.
  • the user can normally use the above-described imaging unit 10 to take a picture.
  • the adjustment layer 203 corresponds to a film layer having a uniform medium and a transmittance close to 100%, and thus does not affect the normal shooting of the image pickup unit 10.
  • the subject C1 can obtain the blurred imaging C2 in the imaging unit 10.
  • the structure of the adjustment layer 203 may be an electrochromic layer.
  • the electrochromic layer is composed of an electrochromic material.
  • the color and transparency of the electrochromic layer can be reversibly changed, thereby achieving the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203. The purpose of the adjustment.
  • the voltage applied to the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 can be adjusted to adjust the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode.
  • the color of the electrochromic layer is made shallow, and the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203 is greatly improved.
  • the subject C1 can obtain a clear imaging C2 in the imaging unit 10, so that the adjustment layer 203 does not affect the normal shooting of the imaging unit 10.
  • the magnitude of the electric field between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 can also be adjusted.
  • the color of the electrochromic layer is made darker, and the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203 is drastically lowered.
  • the subject C1 can obtain a blurred imaging C2 in the imaging unit 10.
  • the camera 101 of the imaging unit 10 is maliciously intruded, and the unscrupulous person cannot collect a clear image through the camera 101, thereby effectively protecting the personal information or privacy of the user.
  • the material constituting the above electrochromic layer may be an organic material or an inorganic material.
  • the material constituting the above electrochromic layer includes a nickel oxide electrochromic material.
  • the nickel oxide electrochromic material can be changed from transparent to dark brown by adjusting the magnitude of the electric field between the first electrode layer 201 and the second electrode layer 202 described above. Therefore, when the nickel oxide electrochromic material is transparent, the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203 can be made large, for example, the pass rate of white light is ⁇ 90%, and correspondingly, the haze is ⁇ 3%. Similarly, when the nickel oxide electrochromic material is black-brown, the light transmittance of the adjustment layer 203 can be made small, for example, the transmittance of white light is ⁇ 65%, and correspondingly, the haze is ⁇ 70%.
  • the present disclosure also provides a display device.
  • the display device includes the image pickup unit 01 described in any of the above embodiments, which has the same advantageous effects as the image pickup unit 01 provided in the foregoing embodiment, and will not be described herein.
  • the display device may include at least a liquid crystal display device and an organic light emitting diode display device.
  • the display device may be any product or component having a display function such as a liquid crystal display, a liquid crystal television, a digital photo frame, a mobile phone, or a tablet computer.

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  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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Abstract

一种摄像部件和显示装置，涉及显示技术领域。摄像部件（01）包括摄像单元（10）以及设置于摄像单元（10）的入光侧调光结构（20）；调光结构（20）包括相对设置的第一电极层（201）和第二电极层（202），以及设置于第一电极层（201）与第二电极层（202）之间的调节层（203）。第一电极层（201）和第二电极层（202）配置为在施加有电压的情况下形成用于控制调节层（203）的光线透过率的电场。

Description

摄像部件和显示装置
对相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年5月12日提交的中国实用新型申请号201720538661.9的优先权，该中国实用新型申请以其整体通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本公开涉及显示技术领域，尤其涉及摄像部件和显示装置。
背景技术
随着信息时代的发展以及移动办公的普及，人们无需局限于特定的场所即可以通过安装有摄像头的电子产品，例如手机、笔记本电脑等，进行移动化视频会议、可视电话会议等。然而，与此同时，上述电子产品中的摄像头常常会被不法分子恶意侵入和控制，从而在用户不知情的情况下获取用户的隐私或者个人信息。这样一来，大大降低了电子产品的信息安全性。
发明内容
根据本公开的一方面，提供了一种摄像部件。该摄像部件包括摄像单元以及设置于所述摄像单元的入光侧的调光结构。具体地，所述调光结构包括相对设置的第一电极层和第二电极层，以及设置于所述第一电极层与所述第二电极层之间的调节层。此外，所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层配置为在施加有电压的情况下形成用于控制所述调节层的光线透过率的电场。
可选地，在本公开的实施例提供的上述摄像部件中，所述调节层包括聚合物分散液晶层。
可选地，在本公开的实施例提供的上述摄像部件中，所述调节层的厚度为大概10μm～20μm。
可选地，在本公开的实施例提供的上述摄像部件中，所述调节层包括聚合物稳定液晶层，以及位于所述聚合物稳定液晶层两侧的取向层。
可选地，在本公开的实施例提供的上述摄像部件中，所述调节层包括电致变色层。
进一步可选地，在本公开的实施例提供的上述摄像部件中，所述 电致变色层通过氧化镍电致变色材料制成。
可选地，在本公开的实施例提供的上述摄像部件中，所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层均由透明导电材料制成。
可选地，根据本公开的实施例，上述摄像部件还包括设置于所述第一电极层和/或所述第二电极层背离所述调节层的一侧上的透明基板。
可选地，在本公开的实施例提供的上述摄像部件中，所述第一电极层和所述透明基板的厚度之和为大概12.5μm～50μm。可替换地，在另外的实施例中，所述第二电极层和所述透明基板的厚度之和为大概12.5μm～50μm。
根据本公开的另一方面，提供了一种显示装置，包括如上任一个实施例中所述的摄像部件。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开的实施例中的技术方案，下面将对实施例的描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍。显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅代表本公开的一些实施例。对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些实施例获得更多的其它实施例。
图1示出了根据本公开的实施例的摄像部件的结构示意图；
图2示出了图1所示的摄像部件中的调光结构的结构示意图；
图3示出了图1所示的摄像部件处于信息防护状态时的示意图；
图4示出了图1所示的摄像部件中的调光结构的另一种结构示意图；
图5示出了图1所示的摄像部件处于拍摄状态时的示意图；以及
图6示出了图1所示的摄像部件中的调光结构的又一种结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本公开实施例中的附图，对本公开实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本公开中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有做出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其它实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
为了解决电子产品信息安全问题，目前通常通过在电子产品中安装具有信息防护功能的软件，例如杀毒软件，以防止电子产品的摄像头受到不法侵入和控制。然而，上述防护措施一般高度依赖于软件的防护能力，并且需要持续更新为最新版本，以保证其具有良好的防护性能。这样一来，增加了用户操作，并且降低了产品的用户体验。
本公开提供一种摄像部件01。如图1所示，该摄像部件01包括摄像单元10，其中该摄像单元10主要包括用于拍摄静态或动态图像的摄像头101。该摄像头101主要由电荷耦合元件(Charge Coupled Device，CCD)图像传感器或者互补金属氧化物半导体(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor，CMOS)图像传感器构成。当然，应当理解到，本公开不仅限于以上作为示例列出的CCD图像传感器或CMOS图像传感器。相反地，在获益于本公开的教导的情况下，本领域技术人员能够容易想到任何其它适合的图像传感器。
此外，在实施例中，上述摄像部件01还包括设置于该摄像单元10的入光侧A的调光结构20。
需要说明的是，在本公开的描述中，摄像单元10的入光侧A指的是摄像单元10用于对外界光线进行采集的一侧。
此外，本申请对调光结构20的安装方式不做限定。作为示例，调光结构20可以直接贴附于摄像单元10的入光侧A，或者通过其它辅助部件(例如安装支架等)固定于摄像单元10的入光侧A。
在此基础上，上述调光结构20包括相对设置的第一电极层201和第二电极层202，以及设置于第一电极层201与第二电极层202之间的调节层203。基于此，该第一电极层201和第二电极层202在施加有电压的情况下形成用于控制调节层203的光线透过率的电场。
作为示例，构成上述第一电极层201和第二电极层202的材料可以为厚度较薄且具有较好透过率的金属薄膜层。然而，在这样的情况下，对薄膜层的制备工艺要求较高，从而容易导致产品的制作成本上升。
为了解决上述问题，可选地，上述第一电极层201和第二电极层202均可以由透明导电材料制成，例如氧化铟锌(Indium Tin Oxide，ITO)、氧化铟锌(Indium Zinc Oxide，IZO)、铟镓锌氧化物(Indium Gallium Zinc Oxide，IGZO)等。上述材料一方面能够在具有良好的导 电性，而另一方面，同时还具有较高的光线透过率。由此，当用户使用上述摄像单元10时，调光结构20对该摄像单元10的影响可以减小。
在此情况下，调光结构20中靠近摄像单元10的一侧上的电极层，即上述第一电极层201，可以直接制作于摄像单元10的入光侧A上。
可替换地，如图4所示，该调光结构20还包括设置于上述第一电极层201和/或第二电极层202背离调节层203的一侧上的透明基板204。
作为可选示例，第一电极层201和第二电极层202背离调节层203的一侧均设有该透明基板204。此时，通过蒸镀工艺，分别将上述第一电极层201和第二电极层202制作于两个透明基板204上。然后，再将两个设置有电极层的透明基板204分别设置于调节层203的两侧。这样一来，可以通过上述透明基板204对第一电极层201和第二电极层202进行支撑和保护。
基于此，当上述第一电极层201和第二电极层202可以分别制作于两个透明基板204上时，第一电极层201和透明基板204的厚度之和为12.5μm～50μm。此外，第二电极层202和透明基板204的厚度之和为12.5μm～50μm。当第一电极层201和第二电极层202中的任意一个电极层与透明基板204的厚度之和小于12.5μm时，对电极层和透明基板204的制作工艺要求较高，从而导致制作成本的上升。此外，当第一电极层201和第二电极层202中的任意一个电极层与透明基板204的厚度之和大于50μm时，会导致调光结构20的整体厚度太大，从而不利于产品超薄化的设计趋势。典型地，上述第一电极层201和第二电极层202中的任意一个电极层的厚度通常在几百纳米左右。
此外，上述透明基板204可以为玻璃基板或者透明树脂基板(例如，PET基板)。具体地，上述透明树脂基板还可以为厚度较薄的柔性基板，以使得蒸镀有第一电极层201和第二电极层202的PET基板可以构成柔性导电PET薄膜。
由上述可知，第一电极层201和第二电极层202在通电状态下形成的电场可以对调节层203的光线透过率进行控制。因此，当用户需要使用上述摄像单元10拍摄画面时，可以控制上述电场的大小，使得调节层203的光线透过率提高，从而减小对摄像单元10的拍摄清晰度的影响。此外，当用户无需使用上述摄像单元10时，可以通过控制上 述电场的大小，使得调节层203的光线透过率降低，即，雾度增大。这样一来，即使该摄像单元10中的摄像头101受到不法侵入和控制，由于调节层203能够对摄像头101拍摄清晰度进行干扰，使得拍摄到的图像模糊，甚至完全无法看清。以这样的方式，达到对用户隐私或信息进行保护的目的。
综上所述，一方面，本申请中的调节层203与摄像单元10的结构独立，因此调节层203的设置不会对摄像单元10的内部结构造成影响；另一方面，调节层203与摄像单元10的控制操作独立进行，相互之间不存在干扰。另外，在本申请提供的摄像部件01中，通过调节层203可以对摄像单元10进行物理防护，因此无需依赖软件防护。以这样的方式，可以无需安装具有信息防护功能的软件，从而能够节省电子器件的存储空间，并且避免了持续更新软件版本带来的操作繁琐的问题。
以下对上述调节层203的结构进行详细的举例说明。
例如，调节层203为聚合物分散液晶(Polymer Dispersed Liquid Crystal，PDLC)层。
具体地，如图2所示，该PDLC层由液晶分子2031和聚合物2032构成，其中液晶分子2031分散于聚合物2032中，并且聚合物2032在该PDLC层中比重较大。此时，该PDLC层中的聚合物2032借助于自身的粘结力将上述由第一电极层201与透明基板204构成的柔性导电PET薄膜以及由第二电极层202与透明基板204构成的柔性导电PET薄膜分别黏附于PDLC层的两侧，以形成上述调节层203。
以下对上述调节层203的光线透过率的调节过程，进行说明。
具体地，当无需使用上述摄像单元10进行画面拍摄时，可以使得第一电极层201和第二电极层202处于非通电状态。也就是说，不向上述第一电极层201和第二电极层202施加电压，使得第一电极层201和第二电极层202之间的电场为零。此时，如图2所示，上述PDLC层中的液晶分子2031排布杂乱，因此液晶分子2031的光轴取向随机，呈现无序状态。
基于此，入射至上述调节层203的光线被强烈散射，从而使得PDLC层呈不透明或半透明状。此时，调节层203的光线透过率较低，例如白光的光线透过率≤65％；对应地，其雾度较大，可以≥70％。以这样的方式，相当于向摄像单元10的入光侧A设置了一个雾度膜，使 得入射至该摄像部件01的外界光线中只有很少一部分能够透过调节层203，并且最终入射至摄像单元10的入光侧A。由此，使得如图3所示的被拍摄物C1在摄像单元10上的成像C2变得模糊不清。此时，即使在用户不知情的情况下，摄像单元10的摄像头101被恶意侵入，不法人员也无法通过摄像头101采集到清晰的图像，从而能够对用户的个人信息或隐私进行了有效的防护。
此外，当用户需要使用上述摄像单元10进行画面拍摄时，可以向上述第一电极层201和第二电极层202施加电压，以使得第一电极层201和第二电极层202处于通电状态。具体地，可以使第一电极层201和第二电极层202之间的电场增大。此时，如图4所示，上述PDLC层中的液晶分子2031排布整齐，并且液晶分子2031的光轴垂直于PDLC层的入光侧，即与电场方向一致。由此，使得PDLC层内部的介质均匀，PDLC层呈透明状。
基于此，调节层203可以获得较高的光线透过率，例如白光透过率≥90％；对应地，其雾度较小，可以≤3％。这样一来，入射至该摄像部件01的外界光线中的大部分能够透过调节层203，并且最终入射至摄像单元10的入光侧A。由此，使得如图5所示的被拍摄物C1在摄像单元10中可以获得清晰的成像C2。此时，当用户使用上述摄像单元10进行画面拍摄时，该调节层203相当于一个介质均匀且透过率接近100％的膜层，因此不会对摄像单元10的正常拍摄造成影响。在这样的情况下，能够保证用户执行正常的拍摄操作。
由上述可知，在调节层203为PDLC层的情况下，由于调节层203具有防护作用时无需向该调节层203中的电极层施加电压(或者可替换地，施加零电压)，因此处于防护状态的调节层203不会产生额外功耗。此外，当用户使用拍摄单元10进行正常拍摄时，上述调节层203功耗可以为5mW，因此功耗较低。
在此基础上，上述调节层203的厚度可以为10μm～20μm。当调节层203的厚度小于10μm时，对制作工艺的要求较高，不利于降低生产成本。此外，当调节层203的厚度大于20μm时，会导致整个调光结构20的厚度增加，不利于产品超薄化的设计趋势。
基于此，当第一电极层201和第二电极层202中的每一个电极层与透明基板204的厚度之和为12.5μm，并且上述调节层203的厚度为 10μm时，上述调光结构20的厚度为50μm。可替换地，当第一电极层201和第二电极层202中的每一个电极层与透明基板204的厚度之和为50μm，并且上述调节层203的厚度为20μm时，上述调光结构20的厚度为120μm。因此，调节层203的厚度范围为50μm～120μm。以这样的方式，可以在不增加制作难度和成本的同时，使得该调节层203的厚度尽可能小。
可替换地，如图6所示，调节层203的结构又例如，可以包括聚合物稳定液晶(Polymer Stabilized Liquid Crystal，PSLC)层2033，以及位于该PSLC层2033两侧的取向层2034。
具体地，PSLC层2033由液晶分子2031和聚合物2032构成，其中液晶分子2031与聚合物2032交替叠加，并且液晶分子2031在该PSLC层2033中比重较大。上述取向层2034能够使得PSLC层2033中的液晶分子2031在初始状态(即无电场作用)下整齐排列。
在此情况下，当没有向第一电极层201和第二电极层202施加电压(换言之，施加零电压)时，第一电极层201和第二电极层202之间的电场为零。此时，上述液晶分子2031处于初始状态，并且排布整齐。此外，液晶分子2031的光轴垂直于PSLC层2033的入光侧，即与电场方向一致，使得PSLC层2033内部的介质均匀，并且PSLC层2033呈透明状。此时，由PSLC层2033和取向层2034构成的调节层203的光线透过率较高，例如白光的光线透过率≥90％。这样一来，如图5所示，被拍摄物C1在摄像单元10中可以获得清晰的成像C2。此时，用户可以正常使用上述摄像单元10对画面进行拍摄。而且，该调节层203相当于一个介质均匀且透过率接近100％的膜层，因此不会对摄像单元10的正常拍摄造成影响。
可替换地，当向第一电极层201和第二电极层202施加电压时，具体地，使第一电极层201和第二电极层202之间的电场增大。此时，液晶分子2031不再保持上述初始状态，其排布出现错乱的现象。由此，使得调光层203的光线透过率大幅度降低，例如白光透过率≤65％。这样一来，如图3所示，被拍摄物C1在摄像单元10中可以获得模糊的成像C2。此时，当用户不再使用摄像单元10对画面进行拍摄时，即使在用户不知情的情况下，摄像单元10的摄像头101被恶意侵入，不法人员也无法通过摄像头101采集到清晰的图像，从而能够对用户的个 人信息或隐私进行有效的防护。
可替换地，再例如，调节层203的结构可以为电致变色层。具体地，该电致变色层由电致变色材料构成。在此基础上，在由第一电极层201和第二电极层202形成的电场作用下，上述电致变色层的颜色和透明度可以发生可逆变化，从而达到对调节层203的光线透过率进行调节的目的。
具体地，例如，当用户需要正常使用上述摄像单元10对画面进行拍摄，可以通过调节施加至第一电极层201和第二电极层202的电压，以达到调节第一电极层201和第二电极层202之间的电场大小的目的。最终，使得电致变色层的颜色变浅，并且调节层203的光线透过率大幅度提高。在此情况下，如图5所示，被拍摄物C1在摄像单元10中可以获得清晰的成像C2，使得调节层203不会对摄像单元10的正常拍摄造成影响。
可替换地，当用户不再使用摄像单元10对画面进行拍摄时，同样可以调节第一电极层201和第二电极层202之间的电场大小。最终，使得电致变色层的颜色变深，并且调节层203的光线透过率大幅度下降。在此情况下，如图3所示，被拍摄物C1在摄像单元10中可以获得模糊的成像C2。此时，即使在用户不知情的情况下，摄像单元10的摄像头101被恶意侵入，不法人员也无法通过摄像头101采集到清晰的图像，从而能够对用户的个人信息或隐私进行有效的防护。
在本申请中，构成上述电致变色层的材料可以为有机材料或者无机材料。当采用无机材料时，可选地，构成上述电致变色层的材料包括氧化镍电致变色材料。通过调节上述第一电极层201和第二电极层202之间的电场大小，该氧化镍电致变色材料可以由透明变为黑棕色。因此，当氧化镍电致变色材料为透明时，可以使得调节层203的光线透过率变大，例如白光的通过率≥90％，对应地，雾度≤3％。类似地，当氧化镍电致变色材料为黑棕色时，可以使得调节层203的光线透过率变小，例如白光的通过率≤65％，对应地，雾度≥70％。
本公开还提供了一种显示装置。该显示装置包括在以上任一个实施例中描述的摄像部件01，其具有与前述实施例提供的摄像部件01相同的有益效果，此处不再赘述。
需要说明的是，在本公开的实施例中，上述显示装置可以至少包 括液晶显示装置和有机发光二极管显示装置。例如，该显示装置可以为液晶显示器、液晶电视、数码相框、手机或平板电脑等具有显示功能的任何产品或者部件。
以上所述，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但是本公开的保护范围并不局限于此。任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本公开揭露的技术范围内，可容易想到的变化或替换，都应涵盖在本公开的保护范围之内。因此，本公开的保护范围应以所附权利要求的保护范围为准。
附图标记列表
01-摄像部件
10-摄像单元
101-摄像头
20-调光结构
201-第一电极层
202-第二电极层
203-调节层
2031-液晶分子
2032-聚合物
2033-PSLC层
2034-取向层
204-透明基板
A-摄像单元的入光侧
C1-被拍摄物
C2-被拍摄物在摄像单元上的成像

Claims (11)

  1. 一种摄像部件，包括：
    摄像单元；以及
    设置于所述摄像单元的入光侧的调光结构，其中
    所述调光结构包括相对设置的第一电极层和第二电极层，以及设置于所述第一电极层与所述第二电极层之间的调节层，其中所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层配置为在施加有电压的情况下形成用于控制所述调节层的光线透过率的电场。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像部件，其中
    所述调节层包括聚合物分散液晶层。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的摄像部件，其中
    所述调节层的厚度为大约10μm～20μm。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像部件，其中
    所述调节层包括聚合物稳定液晶层，以及位于所述聚合物稳定液晶层两侧的取向层。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像部件，其中
    所述调节层包括电致变色层。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的摄像部件，其中
    所述电致变色层由氧化镍电致变色材料形成。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像部件，其中
    所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层均由透明导电材料形成。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的摄像部件，还包括：
    设置于所述第一电极层和所述第二电极层中的至少一个背离所述调节层的一侧上的透明基板。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的摄像部件，其中
    所述第一电极层和所述透明基板的厚度之和为大概12.5μm～50μm。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的摄像部件，其中
    所述第二电极层和所述透明基板的厚度之和为大概12.5μm～50μm。
  11. 一种显示装置，包括如权利要求1-10中任一项所述的摄像部件。
PCT/CN2018/072557 2017-05-12 2018-01-15 摄像部件和显示装置 WO2018205674A1 (zh)

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