WO2018205490A1 - 控制机器人转动关节运动的方法和装置及机器人 - Google Patents

控制机器人转动关节运动的方法和装置及机器人 Download PDF

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WO2018205490A1
WO2018205490A1 PCT/CN2017/104663 CN2017104663W WO2018205490A1 WO 2018205490 A1 WO2018205490 A1 WO 2018205490A1 CN 2017104663 W CN2017104663 W CN 2017104663W WO 2018205490 A1 WO2018205490 A1 WO 2018205490A1
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motion
robot
trajectory
uniform
speed
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French (fr)
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曹永�
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Guangzhou Shiyuan Electronics Thecnology Co Ltd
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Guangzhou Shiyuan Electronics Thecnology Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J19/00Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25JMANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
    • B25J9/00Program-controlled manipulators
    • B25J9/16Program controls

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  • the present invention relates to the field of robot control technology, and in particular, to a method and device for controlling a rotary joint motion of a robot and a robot.
  • the dynamics-based control can effectively improve the control performance of the robot.
  • the accuracy of the dynamic model must be guaranteed first.
  • the accuracy of the dynamic model depends on the geometric parameters and dynamic parameters. Geometric parameters can be obtained by kinematic calibration, and kinetic parameters are estimated by model identification.
  • the general industrial robot dynamics model parameter identification scheme adopts the overall identification scheme, that is, constructs the minimum set of dynamic model parameters.
  • the overall identification scheme that is, constructs the minimum set of dynamic model parameters.
  • the data of the robot motion and torque is measured, and finally the appropriate estimation algorithm is applied to obtain Unknown kinetic parameters.
  • the random error measured during the identification is large, which will cause the inaccuracy of the model parameter identification. Therefore, before the overall parameter identification, the partially identified parameters are initially determined, such as the parameters of the friction model, which helps to improve the model.
  • the accuracy of parameter identification especially in the low-speed phase, the main driving torque of the robot's driving motor is used to offset the frictional moment of the joint. Therefore, before the robot dynamics model parameters are identified, the friction model parameters of the joint are separately identified. It is very helpful to improve the accuracy of identification.
  • the position of the triangular waveform is changed with time to make the robot run at a constant speed, but the speed of the triangular waveform position with time changes with time as a pulse waveform.
  • the robot moves, it will cause the vibration of the robot, which will in turn affect the result of the measured friction torque, resulting in inaccurate identification of the friction model parameters of the joint, that is, the friction model constructed is inaccurate, which in turn affects the control of the rotating joint of the robot.
  • the accuracy of the exercise is performed.
  • the method and device for controlling the rotational motion of the robot and the robot proposed by the embodiment of the invention can reduce the error of the robot to recognize the friction force and improve the accuracy of controlling the rotation joint of the robot.
  • a first aspect of the embodiments of the present invention provides a method for controlling a rotating joint of a robot, including:
  • the trajectory parameter set for controlling a rotational joint of the robot for trajectory movement;
  • the trajectory parameter set includes a uniform motion speed of a uniform motion phase of each trajectory motion;
  • the trajectory motion includes an acceleration motion accelerated to a uniform speed by a first acceleration and a uniform motion at the uniform speed of motion after the accelerated motion;
  • the driving torque generated by the request is corrected according to the dynamic friction model to cause the robot to rotate the joint according to the corrected driving torque.
  • the trajectory motion further includes decelerating the motion from the uniform motion speed to the stationary motion at a second acceleration.
  • the trajectory parameter set further includes a start position, an end position, and a motion duration of each trajectory motion; the first acceleration The size of the second acceleration is the same as the second acceleration;
  • the driving torque of the driving motor of the robot is read in a uniform motion phase of the trajectory movement, specifically:
  • V is the uniform velocity of motion
  • q f is the end position of the trajectory motion
  • q 0 is the starting position of the trajectory motion
  • t f is the motion duration of the trajectory motion
  • the driving torque of the driving motor of the robot is read in the time period t b ⁇ t ⁇ t f -t b .
  • the method further includes:
  • n represents the number of uniform motion speeds included in the trajectory parameter set
  • F 1k is a measured friction torque corresponding to the uniform motion velocity of the kth trajectory motion in the trajectory parameter set
  • F 2k is the trajectory parameter concentration
  • the uniform velocity of the kth trajectory motion is the corresponding simulated friction torque in the dynamic friction model
  • d 12 is the degree of fitting of the dynamic friction model.
  • the dynamic friction model is a LuGre friction model.
  • the second aspect of the embodiments of the present invention further provides a device for controlling a rotating joint of a robot, including:
  • a receiving parameter module configured to receive a trajectory parameter set for controlling a rotational joint of the robot for trajectory movement; the trajectory parameter set includes a uniform motion speed of a uniform motion phase of each trajectory motion;
  • a torque acquiring module configured to control, according to each of the trajectory parameter sets, a trajectory motion corresponding to the uniform motion speed, and control the trajectory motion corresponding to the uniform motion speed
  • the driving torque of the driving motor of the robot is read in a moving uniform motion phase; the driving torque is used as a measuring friction torque of the robot for instantaneous motion at the uniform moving speed; the trajectory motion includes An acceleration acceleration accelerated to the uniform motion speed and a uniform motion at the uniform motion speed after the acceleration motion;
  • a model building module configured to construct a dynamic friction model of the friction torque as a function of speed according to each of the uniform motion speed of the trajectory parameter set and the measured friction torque corresponding to the uniform motion speed;
  • a robot working module configured to: when receiving the request for controlling the operation of the robot, correct the driving torque generated by the request according to the dynamic friction model, so that the robot rotates the joint according to the corrected driving torque to perform motion.
  • the trajectory motion further includes decelerating motion that is decelerated from the uniform motion speed to a stationary state at a second acceleration.
  • the trajectory parameter set further includes a start position, an end position, and a motion duration of each trajectory movement;
  • the magnitude of the acceleration is the same as the magnitude of the second acceleration;
  • the torque acquisition module includes:
  • An acceleration time acquisition unit configured to calculate an acceleration time t b of the acceleration motion according to a uniform motion speed, a starting position, an end position, and a motion duration of the trajectory movement, V is the uniform velocity of motion, q f is the end position of the trajectory motion, q 0 is the starting position of the trajectory motion, and t f is the motion duration of the trajectory motion;
  • a driving torque acquiring unit configured to use a time of starting movement of the acceleration motion as a reference origin, and to read a driving torque of a driving motor of the robot in a time period t b ⁇ t ⁇ t f ⁇ t b ;
  • the device further includes a fitting degree calculation module, a fitting degree judging module, and a model output module, specifically:
  • a fitting degree calculation module configured to perform, according to a fitting degree formula, a measured friction torque corresponding to each uniform moving speed of the trajectory parameter set and a corresponding simulated friction torque of the uniform moving speed in the dynamic friction model Fitting a calculation to obtain a degree of fitting of the dynamic friction model;
  • a fitting degree determining module configured to determine whether the degree of fitting is less than a fitting threshold
  • a model output module configured to output the dynamic friction model to the robot when the degree of fitting is less than the fitting threshold
  • the receiving parameter module is further configured to: when the degree of fitting is greater than the fitting threshold, return to continue to receive a new trajectory parameter set for controlling a rotational joint of the robot for trajectory movement to construct a new dynamic friction model until The degree of fitting of the dynamic friction model is less than the fitting threshold.
  • an embodiment of the present invention also provides a robot, including an embodiment of the apparatus for controlling a rotational joint of a robot provided by the second aspect.
  • the method and device for controlling the rotational motion of the robot and the robot provided by the embodiment of the present invention, in the process of constructing the friction force model, adopting a trajectory motion that first accelerates to a uniform speed with a constant acceleration and then performs uniform motion at the uniform speed.
  • the acquisition of the test data makes the trajectory of the position of the robot moving in the test process continuous and smooth, and reduces the vibration caused by the smoothness of the trajectory of the motion of the robot, thereby improving the accuracy of the read test friction torque.
  • the fitting effect of the friction model constructed based on the tested data is good. Therefore, when the robot rotates the joint to perform the motion, the driving torque of the driving motor is corrected according to the frictional force model, and the control performance of the robot can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow chart of an embodiment of a method for controlling a rotary joint of a robot provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a trajectory movement in a method of controlling a rotary joint of a robot provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of an apparatus for controlling a rotary joint of a robot provided by the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of an embodiment of a torque acquisition module of a device for controlling a rotary joint of a robot provided by the present invention.
  • the model used in the embodiment of the present invention to describe the friction torque of the robot when the joint is rotated is a LuGre friction model, but is not limited to the model. Other models describing the friction force may also be used, and the model is a comprehensive description of the friction static. Dynamic friction model of dynamic characteristics.
  • the mathematical expression of the LuGre friction model is as follows:
  • F is the friction torque
  • v is the speed
  • sgn is the sign function, that is, if the parameter returns 1 positively, it returns -1 negative.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flowchart of an embodiment of a method for controlling a rotary joint of a robot provided by the present invention; the method is executed by a control processor of the robot, and includes steps S1 to S3, as follows:
  • trajectory parameter set for controlling a rotational joint of the robot to perform a trajectory movement;
  • the trajectory parameter set includes a uniform motion speed of a uniform motion phase of each trajectory motion;
  • the trajectory motion includes an acceleration motion accelerated to the uniform motion speed by a first acceleration and a uniform motion speed after the acceleration motion Uniform motion
  • the above steps S1 to S3 are performed in advance before the robot performs work, and may also be updated in the process of robot operation, and the built-in or updated dynamic friction model is embedded in the control processor of the robot.
  • the control processor when receiving an instruction request to rotate the joint for movement, that is, the request for controlling the operation of the robot, the instruction request includes parameters such as an end position, an acceleration, a speed, and the like of the robot to be moved, and the control processor is based on the dynamic model. Based on the dynamic friction model completed according to the above construction, the moving speed of the driving motor at each time point and the driving torque corresponding to the moving speed are calculated, and the driving torque at this time has been corrected, or the control processing is performed.
  • the moving speed of the driving motor at each time point and the driving torque corresponding to the moving speed are calculated, and then the calculated driving torque is performed according to the dynamic friction model constructed above. Corrected so that the robot controls the drive motor The joint is rotated according to the corrected driving torque at each time point to achieve the purpose of the above command request.
  • the trajectory motion further includes a deceleration motion that is decelerated from the uniform motion speed to a stationary state at a second acceleration. That is to say, the position of the trajectory movement changes in time including three parts: acceleration motion, uniform motion and deceleration motion, wherein, in the acceleration motion In the phase, the acceleration is positive and constant, that is, the above first acceleration, then the speed of the instantaneous movement of the robot is constant, and the speed is a linear function of time, the trajectory of the position changes with time is a parabola; In the stage, the acceleration is zero, the speed of the robot motion is constant, that is, the uniform motion speed corresponding to the trajectory motion, and the trajectory of the position change with time is a linear function; in the stage of the deceleration motion, there is a constant negative acceleration, ie With the second acceleration described above, the instantaneous velocity of the robot motion decreases linearly, and the trajectory of the position change with time is again a quadratic polynomi
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a trajectory movement in a method for controlling a rotary joint of a robot provided by the present invention
  • the trajectory parameter set further provides a start position, an end position, and a motion duration of each trajectory motion
  • the position coordinate value q of the trajectory motion of the robot rotating joint is a function of time t:
  • the starting position of the trajectory motion is q 0
  • the end position of the trajectory motion is q f
  • a refers to the acceleration phase and the acceleration phase of the deceleration motion
  • V refers to the velocity of the phase of the uniform motion , that is, the uniform motion speed of the above example
  • the relationship between the acceleration magnitude a and the uniform velocity V is:
  • the driving torque of the driving motor, the driving torque acquiring method of the embodiment can facilitate the sampling to take the average value, and improve the accuracy of the driving torque acquisition and the acquisition efficiency.
  • the accuracy of the dynamic friction model is further improved, that is, the accuracy of the motion of the rotating joint of the robot is further improved.
  • the formula of the degree of fit is:
  • n represents the number of uniform motion speeds included in the trajectory parameter set
  • F 1k is a measured friction torque corresponding to the uniform motion velocity of the kth trajectory motion in the trajectory parameter set
  • F 2k is the trajectory parameter concentration
  • the uniform velocity of the kth trajectory motion is the corresponding simulated friction torque in the dynamic friction model
  • d 12 is the degree of fitting of the dynamic friction model.
  • the method for controlling the rotational motion of the robot according to the embodiment of the present invention in the process of constructing the friction force model, adopts a trajectory motion that first accelerates to a uniform speed with a constant acceleration and then moves at a uniform speed with the uniform motion speed into the test data.
  • the trajectory of the position of the robot moving in the test process is continuous and smooth, reducing the vibration caused by the robot's trajectory of the motion, thereby improving the accuracy of the read test friction torque, so that The friction model constructed by the tested data has a good fitting effect. Therefore, when the robot rotates the joint to perform motion, the driving torque of the driving motor is corrected according to the frictional force model, and the control performance of the robot can be improved.
  • the deceleration motion is decelerated from a constant speed to a stationary speed by an acceleration, thereby further improving the efficiency and accuracy of reading the test friction torque.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a device for controlling a rotary joint of a robot provided by the present invention.
  • the device for controlling a rotary joint of a robot includes:
  • the receiving parameter module 10 is configured to receive a trajectory parameter set for controlling a trajectory movement of the robot rotating joint; the trajectory parameter set includes a uniform moving speed of the uniform motion phase of each trajectory motion;
  • a torque acquisition module 20 configured to control each uniform motion speed of the trajectory parameter set
  • the robot rotates a joint to perform a trajectory motion corresponding to the uniform motion speed, and reads a driving torque of the driving motor of the robot in a uniform motion phase of the trajectory motion; the driving torque is used as the robot Measuring a frictional moment of instantaneous motion at the uniform velocity of motion; the trajectory motion comprising an acceleration motion accelerated to a uniform velocity of motion at a first acceleration and at the uniform velocity of motion after the acceleration motion uniform motion;
  • the model building module 30 is configured to construct a dynamic friction model in which the friction torque changes with speed according to each uniform moving speed of the trajectory parameter set and the measured friction torque corresponding to the uniform moving speed;
  • a robot working module 40 configured to: when receiving a request to control the operation of the robot, correct a driving torque generated by the request according to the dynamic friction model, so that the robot rotates the joint according to the corrected driving torque to perform motion .
  • the trajectory motion further includes decelerating motion that is decelerated from the uniform motion speed to a stationary state at a second acceleration.
  • the trajectory parameter set further includes a start position, an end position, and a motion duration of each trajectory movement;
  • the magnitude of the acceleration is the same as the magnitude of the second acceleration;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an embodiment of a torque acquiring module for controlling a rotating joint of a robot provided by the present invention
  • the torque acquiring module 20 includes:
  • the acceleration time acquisition unit 21 is configured to calculate an acceleration time t b of the acceleration motion according to the uniform motion speed, the starting position, the end position, and the motion duration of the trajectory movement, V is the uniform velocity of motion, q f is the end position of the trajectory motion, q 0 is the starting position of the trajectory motion, and t f is the motion duration of the trajectory motion;
  • the driving torque acquiring unit 22 is configured to use the time of the initial movement of the acceleration motion as a reference origin, and read the driving torque of the driving motor of the robot in the time period t b ⁇ t ⁇ t f -t b .
  • the device further includes a fitting degree calculation module 50, a fitting degree determining module 60, and a model output module 70, specifically:
  • a fitting degree calculation module 50 configured to each of the trajectory parameter sets according to a fitting degree formula The measured friction torque corresponding to the uniform motion speed is fitted to the corresponding simulated friction torque in the dynamic friction model, and the fitting degree of the dynamic friction model is obtained;
  • a fitting degree determining module 60 configured to determine whether the degree of fitting is less than a fitting threshold
  • a model output module 70 configured to output the dynamic friction model to the robot when the degree of fitting is less than the fitting threshold
  • the receiving parameter module 10 is further configured to: when the degree of fitting is greater than the fitting threshold, return to receive a new trajectory parameter set for controlling a rotational joint of the robot for trajectory movement to construct a new dynamic friction model. Until the degree of fitting of the dynamic friction model is less than the fitting threshold.
  • the formula of the degree of fit is:
  • F 1k is a measured frictional moment corresponding to a uniform velocity of movement of the kth trajectory in the trajectory parameter set
  • F 2k is a uniform velocity of motion of the kth trajectory of the trajectory parameter set at the dynamic friction
  • the corresponding simulated friction torque in the model; d 12 is the degree of fitting of the dynamic friction model.
  • the dynamic friction model is a LuGre friction model.
  • the embodiment of the invention further provides a robot, including any device for controlling the rotation of a joint provided by any of the embodiments, which device can be disposed in the processor of the robot.
  • the device and the robot for controlling the rotational motion of the robot provided by the embodiment of the present invention adopt a trajectory motion test in which a constant acceleration is accelerated to a uniform velocity and then a uniform motion is performed at a uniform velocity during the process of constructing the frictional force model.
  • the acquisition of the data makes the trajectory of the position of the robot moving in the test process continuous and smooth, and reduces the vibration caused by the robot's trajectory of the motion, thereby improving the accuracy of the read test friction torque.
  • the fitting effect of the friction model constructed based on the tested data is good. Therefore, when the robot rotates the joint to perform motion, the driving torque of the driving motor is corrected according to the frictional force model, and the control performance of the robot can be improved.
  • the deceleration motion is decelerated from a constant speed to a stationary speed by an acceleration, thereby further improving the efficiency and accuracy of reading the test friction torque.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

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Abstract

一种控制机器人转动关节的方法,包括:接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的轨迹参数集;对于每一个匀速运动速度,控制机器人转动关节进行与匀速运动速度对应的轨迹运动,并在轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段中读取机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩作为测量摩擦力矩;根据每一个匀速运动速度和该匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩,构建动态摩擦模型;当接收到控制机器人工作的请求时,根据动态摩擦模型修正由请求生成的驱动力矩,以根据修正后的驱动力矩转动关节进行运动。通过以上方法,能够减少机器人辨识摩擦力的误差,提高控制机器人转动关节的准确性。还提供了一种控制机器人转动关节的装置和一种机器人。

Description

控制机器人转动关节运动的方法和装置及机器人 技术领域
本发明涉及机器人控制技术领域,尤其涉及一种控制机器人转动关节运动的方法和装置及机器人。
背景技术
基于动力学的控制能够有效的提高机器人的控制性能,在使用基于动力学模型的控制算法时,首先要保证动力学模型的准确性,动力学模型的准确性依赖于几何参数和动力学参数,几何参数可以通过运动学标定获得,动力学参数要通过模型辨识的方法来估测。
通常的工业机器人动力学模型参数辨识方案,是采用整体辨识的方案,即构建动力学模型参数的最小集合,通过设计激励轨迹,测量得到机器人运动和力矩的数据,最后应用合适的估计算法来得到未知的动力学参数。然而进行辨识时测量的随机误差较大,会造成模型参数辨识的不准确,因此在整体参数辨识之前,将部分辨识的参数进行初步的确定,例如摩擦力的模型的参数,有助于提高模型参数辨识的准确性,尤其是在低速阶段,机器人的驱动电机的主要驱动力矩用于抵消关节的摩擦力矩,所以在进行机器人动力学模型参数辨识之前,先单独的对关节的摩擦模型参数进行辨识,对于提高辨识的准确性很有帮助。一般地,在进行关节的摩擦模型参数辨识时,采取三角波形的位置随时间变化的曲线来使得机器人以恒定速度运行,但是三角波形位置随时间变化曲线的速度随时间变化曲线为脉冲波形,则在机器人运动时会造成机器人的振动,会进而影响测量到的摩擦力矩的结果,造成关节的摩擦模型参数辨识的不准确,即构建成的摩擦模型不准确,进而影响了控制机器人转动关节来进行运动的准确性。
发明内容
本发明实施例提出的一种控制机器人转动关节运动的方法和装置以及机器人,能够减少机器人辨识摩擦力的误差,提高控制机器人转动关节的准确性。
本发明实施例第一方面提供了一种控制机器人转动关节的方法,包括:
接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的轨迹参数集;所述轨迹参数集包括每一个轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段的匀速运动速度;
对于所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度,控制所述机器人转动关节进行与所述匀速运动速度对应的轨迹运动,并在所述轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段中读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩;所述驱动力矩用于作为所述机器人在以所述匀速运动速度进行瞬时运动的测量摩擦力矩;所述轨迹运动包括以第一加速度加速至所述匀速运动速度进行的加速运动和在所述加速运动之后以所述匀速运动速度进行的匀速运动;
根据所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度和该匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩,构建摩擦力矩随速度变化的动态摩擦模型;
当接收到控制所述机器人工作的请求时,根据所述动态摩擦模型修正由所述请求生成的驱动力矩,以使所述机器人根据修正后的驱动力矩转动关节进行运动。
在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中,所述轨迹运动还包括以第二加速度从所述匀速运动速度减速至静止的减速运动。
结合第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式,在第二种可能的实现方式中,所述轨迹参数集还包括每一个轨迹运动的起始位置、终点位置和运动时长;所述第一加速度的大小与所述第二加速度的大小相同;
则,所述在所述轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段中读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩,具体为:
根据所述轨迹运动的匀速运动速度、起始位置、终点位置和运动时长,计算所述加速运动的加速时长tb
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000001
V为所述匀速运动速度,qf为所 述轨迹运动的终点位置,q0为所述轨迹运动的起始位置,tf为所述轨迹运动的运动时长;
以所述加速运动的起始运动的时间为参考原点,在时间段tb<t≤tf-tb内读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩。
在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中,还包括:
根据拟合程度公式,对所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩与所述匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩进行拟合计算,获得所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度;
判断所述拟合程度是否小于拟合阈值;
若是,则输出所述动态摩擦模型给所述机器人;
若否,则返回继续接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的新的轨迹参数集,以构建新的动态摩擦模型直至有动态摩擦模型的拟合程度小于所述拟合阈值。
优选地,所述拟合程度公式为:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000002
其中,n表示所述轨迹参数集中包含的匀速运动速度的数量,F1k为所述轨迹参数集中的第k条轨迹运动的匀速运动速度所对应的测量摩擦力矩,F2k为所述轨迹参数集中的第k条轨迹运动的匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩;d12为所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度。
优选地,所述动态摩擦模型为LuGre摩擦模型。
相应地,本发明实施例第二方面还提供了一种控制机器人转动关节的装置,包括:
接收参数模块,用于接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的轨迹参数集;所述轨迹参数集包括每一个轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段的匀速运动速度;
力矩获取模块,用于对于所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度,控制所述机器人转动关节进行与所述匀速运动速度对应的轨迹运动,并在所述轨迹运 动的匀速运动阶段中读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩;所述驱动力矩用于作为所述机器人在以所述匀速运动速度进行瞬时运动的测量摩擦力矩;所述轨迹运动包括以第一加速度加速至所述匀速运动速度进行的加速运动和在所述加速运动之后以所述匀速运动速度进行的匀速运动;
模型构建模块,用于根据所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度和该匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩,构建摩擦力矩随速度变化的动态摩擦模型;
机器人工作模块,用于当接收到控制所述机器人工作的请求时,根据所述动态摩擦模型修正由所述请求生成的驱动力矩,以使所述机器人根据修正后的驱动力矩转动关节进行运动。
在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中,所述轨迹运动还包括以第二加速度从所述匀速运动速度减速至静止的减速运动。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式,在第二种可能的实现方式中,,所述轨迹参数集还包括每一个轨迹运动的起始位置、终点位置和运动时长;所述第一加速度的大小与所述第二加速度的大小相同;
则,所述力矩获取模块包括有:
加速时长获取单元,用于根据所述轨迹运动的匀速运动速度、起始位置、终点位置和运动时长,计算所述加速运动的加速时长tb
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000003
V为所述匀速运动速度,qf为所述轨迹运动的终点位置,q0为所述轨迹运动的起始位置,tf为所述轨迹运动的运动时长;
驱动力矩获取单元,用于以所述加速运动的起始运动的时间为参考原点,在时间段tb<t≤tf-tb内读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩;
以及,所述装置还包括拟合程度计算模块、拟合程度判断模块和模型输出模块,具体为:
拟合程度计算模块,用于根据拟合程度公式,对所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩与所述匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩进行拟合计算,获得所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度;
拟合程度判断模块,用于判断所述拟合程度是否小于拟合阈值;
模型输出模块,用于当所述拟合程度小于所述拟合阈值时,输出所述动态摩擦模型给所述机器人;
所述接收参数模块,还用于当所述拟合程度大于所述拟合阈值时,返回继续接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的新的轨迹参数集,以构建新的动态摩擦模型直至有动态摩擦模型的拟合程度小于所述拟合阈值。
在第三方面,本发明实施例还提供一种机器人,包括第二方面提供的所有控制机器人转动关节的装置的实施例。
实施本发明实施例,具有如下有益效果:
本发明实施例提供的控制机器人转动关节运动的方法和装置以及机器人,在构建摩擦力模型的过程,采用先以恒定的一个加速度加速至匀速运动速度再以该匀速运动速度进行匀速运动的轨迹运动进测试数据的获取,使得测试过程机器人运动的位置随时间变化的轨迹是连续且平滑,减小机器人因该运动的轨迹的不平滑所造成的振动,进而提高读取到的测试摩擦力矩的准确性,使得根据测试出来的数据构建成的摩擦力模型的拟合效果好,因而,在机器人转动关节进行运动时依据该摩擦力模型来修正驱动电机的驱动力矩,能提高机器人的控制性能。
附图说明
图1是本发明提供的控制机器人转动关节的方法的一个实施例的流程示意图;
图2是本发明提供的控制机器人转动关节的方法中的轨迹运动的示意图;
图3是本发明提供的控制机器人转动关节的装置的一个实施例的结构示意图;
图4是本发明提供的控制机器人转动关节的装置的力矩获取模块的一个实施例的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图,对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述,显然,所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例,而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例,本领域普通技术人员在没有作出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例,都属于本发明保护的范围。
本发明实施例采用的描述机器人在转动关节进行运动时的摩擦力矩的模型是LuGre摩擦模型,但不限于该模型,其他描述摩擦力的模型也可以,该模型是一种能比较全面描述摩擦静、动态特性的动态摩擦模型。LuGre摩擦模型的数学表达形式如下:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000004
其中,F是摩擦力矩;v是速度;sgn为符号函数,即若参数为正返回1,为负返回-1。待辨识的参数集合如下,一共需要辨识8个参数:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000005
要辨识以上参数集合,即完成上述LuGre摩擦模型的构建,则需要得到不同速度下对应的摩擦力矩值,而对于机器人在运动过程的不同速度下对应的摩擦力矩值的获取的准确性,将会影响获取上述参数集合的准确性,即影响LuGre摩擦模型的构建的准确程度。
以下将描述本发明提供的如何在机器人运动的不同速度下获取相应的摩擦力矩的过程,以及根据获得的数据构建LuGre摩擦模型的过程:
参见图1,是本发明提供的控制机器人转动关节的方法的一个实施例的流程示意图;该方法机器人的控制处理器执行,包括步骤S1至步骤S3,具体如下:
S1,接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的轨迹参数集;所述轨迹参数集包括每一个轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段的匀速运动速度;
S2,对于所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度,控制所述机器人转动关节进行与所述匀速运动速度对应的轨迹运动,并在所述轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段中读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩;所述驱动力矩用于作为所述机器 人在以所述匀速运动速度进行瞬时运动的测量摩擦力矩;所述轨迹运动包括以第一加速度加速至所述匀速运动速度进行的加速运动和在所述加速运动之后以所述匀速运动速度进行的匀速运动;
需要说明的是,由牛顿第二定律可知,当加速度为零时,驱动力矩等于摩擦力矩,所以只需使得机器人在某个匀速运动速度下进行恒速运动,即可以测量得到该匀速运动速度对应的摩擦力矩的数值,那么,依此原理,可测量到上述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度对应的摩擦力矩的数值。
S3,根据所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度和该匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩,构建摩擦力矩随速度变化的动态摩擦模型;
S4,当接收到控制所述机器人工作的请求时,根据所述动态摩擦模型修正由所述请求生成的驱动力矩,以使所述机器人根据修正后的驱动力矩转动关节进行运动。
需要说明的是,上述步骤S1至S3在机器人进行工作之前预先执行,也可以在机器人工作的过程更新构建,已构建完成或者已更新的动态摩擦模型内嵌于机器人的控制处理器中,机器人的控制处理器在接收到要转动关节进行运动的指令请求时,即上述控制机器人工作的请求,该指令请求包含机器人将要运动的终点位置、加速度、速度等参数,控制处理器在基于动力学模型的基础上,以及依据上述构建完成的动态摩擦力模型,计算出驱动电机在每个时间点上的运动速度,以及该运动速度对应的驱动力矩,此时的驱动力矩已修正,或者是,控制处理器基于动力学业模型的基础上,计算出驱动电机在每个时间点上的运动速度,以及该运动速度对应的驱动力矩,进而再根据上述构建完成的动态摩擦力模型对计算出的驱动力矩进行修正,从而机器人控制驱动电机根据每一个时间点上的已完成修正的驱动力矩转动关节,以达到上述指令请求所要达到的目的。
作为本发明实施例的进一步改进,所述轨迹运动还包括以第二加速度从所述匀速运动速度减速至静止的减速运动。也就是说,所述轨迹运动的位置随时间变动依次包括三部分:加速运动、匀速运动和减速运动,其中,在加速运动 的阶段中,加速度是正的且恒定的,即上述第一加速度,则此时机器人瞬时运动的速度是恒定的,并且速度是时间的线性函数,位置随时间变化的轨迹是抛物线;在匀速运动的阶段中,加速度为零,机器人运动的速度是恒定的,即为此轨迹运动对应的匀速运动速度,并且位置随时间变化的轨迹是线性函数;在减速运动的阶段,存在恒定的负加速度,即上述第二加速度,机器人运动的瞬时速度线性地减小,并且位置随时间变化的轨迹再次是二次的多项式函数。
参见图2,是本发明提供的控制机器人转动关节的方法中的轨迹运动的示意图;
进一步地,在限定上述的第一加速度大小与上述的第二加速度的大小相同、方向相向,并且所述轨迹参数集还提供每一个轨迹运动的起始位置、终点位置和运动时长的情况下,以下结合图2,以某一匀速运动速度V为例,以函数的方式描述所述轨迹运动的位置随时间变化的情况:
机器人转动关节进行的轨迹运动的位置坐标值q与时间t的函数关系式为:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000006
其中,所述轨迹运动的起始位置为q0,所述轨迹运动的终点位置为qf,a是指加速运动的阶段和减速运动的阶段的加速度大小,V是指匀速运动的阶段的速度,即上述举例的匀速运动速度,则加速度大小a与匀速运动速度V的关系为:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000007
进而,三个阶段的位置与速度和时间之间的关系如下:
加速运动的阶段:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000008
匀速运动的阶段:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000009
减速运动的阶段:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000010
由(5)、(6)和(7)式可以得到:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000011
由式(8)可得:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000012
因而,结合上述推理过程,在机器人按上述轨迹进行运动时,只需要将所述轨迹运动的匀速运动速度、起始位置、终点位置和运动时长输入给机器人的控制处理器,即可计算出所述加速运动的加速时长tb
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000013
那么,以所述加速运动的起始运动的时间为参考原点,在时间段tb<t≤tf-tb内读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩,即可实现上述步骤S2中的“在所述轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段中读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩”,并且,无需检测机器人的瞬时运动速度是否为该轨迹运动对应的匀速运动速度V之后再进行读取驱动电机的驱动力矩,本实施例的驱动力矩获取方法能够便于多次采样取均值,提高驱动力矩获取的精度以及获取效率。
通过上述步骤S1至步骤S3获取所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度和该匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩,以及根据以上获取到数据构建成相应的动态摩擦模型,还可以进一步判断该动态摩擦模型的构建的拟合程度是否符合要求,具体过程如下:
根据拟合程度公式,对所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩与所述匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩进行拟合计算,获得所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度;
判断所述拟合程度是否小于拟合阈值;
若是,则输出所述动态摩擦模型给所述机器人;
若否,则返回继续接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的新的轨迹参数集,以构建新的动态摩擦模型直至有动态摩擦模型的拟合程度小于所述拟合阈值。
需要说明的是,通过上述对动态摩擦模型的拟合程度判断,进一步提高动态摩擦模型的准确度,即进一步提高机器人转动关节进行运动的准确性。
优选地,所述拟合程度公式为:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000014
其中,n表示所述轨迹参数集中包含的匀速运动速度的数量,F1k为所述轨迹参数集中的第k条轨迹运动的匀速运动速度所对应的测量摩擦力矩,F2k为所述轨迹参数集中的第k条轨迹运动的匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩;d12为所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度。
本发明实施例提供的控制机器人转动关节运动的方法,在构建摩擦力模型的过程,采用先以恒定的一个加速度加速至匀速运动速度再以该匀速运动速度进行匀速运动的轨迹运动进测试数据的获取,使得测试过程机器人运动的位置随时间变化的轨迹是连续且平滑,减小机器人因该运动的轨迹的不平滑而造成的振动,进而提高读取到的测试摩擦力矩的准确性,使得根据测试出来的数据构建成的摩擦力模型的拟合效果好,因而,在机器人转动关节进行运动时依据该摩擦力模型来修正驱动电机的驱动力矩,能提高机器人的控制性能。以及,在上述测试过程中增加以一个加速度从匀速运动速度减速至静止的减速运动,进一步提高读取到测试摩擦力矩的效率和准确性。
参见图3,是本发明提供的控制机器人转动关节的装置的一个实施例的结构示意图;该控制机器人转动关节的装置,包括:
接收参数模块10,用于接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的轨迹参数集;所述轨迹参数集包括每一个轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段的匀速运动速度;
力矩获取模块20,用于对于所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度,控制 所述机器人转动关节进行与所述匀速运动速度对应的轨迹运动,并在所述轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段中读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩;所述驱动力矩用于作为所述机器人在以所述匀速运动速度进行瞬时运动的测量摩擦力矩;所述轨迹运动包括以第一加速度加速至所述匀速运动速度进行的加速运动和在所述加速运动之后以所述匀速运动速度进行的匀速运动;
模型构建模块30,用于根据所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度和该匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩,构建摩擦力矩随速度变化的动态摩擦模型;
机器人工作模块40,用于当接收到控制所述机器人工作的请求时,根据所述动态摩擦模型修正由所述请求生成的驱动力矩,以使所述机器人根据修正后的驱动力矩转动关节进行运动。
在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中,所述轨迹运动还包括以第二加速度从所述匀速运动速度减速至静止的减速运动。
结合第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式,在第二种可能的实现方式中,,所述轨迹参数集还包括每一个轨迹运动的起始位置、终点位置和运动时长;所述第一加速度的大小与所述第二加速度的大小相同;
则,如图4所示,图4是本发明提供的控制机器人转动关节的装置的力矩获取模块的一个实施例的结构示意图;所述力矩获取模块20包括有:
加速时长获取单元21,用于根据所述轨迹运动的匀速运动速度、起始位置、终点位置和运动时长,计算所述加速运动的加速时长tb
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000015
V为所述匀速运动速度,qf为所述轨迹运动的终点位置,q0为所述轨迹运动的起始位置,tf为所述轨迹运动的运动时长;
驱动力矩获取单元22,用于以所述加速运动的起始运动的时间为参考原点,在时间段tb<t≤tf-tb内读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩。
在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中,所述装置还包括拟合程度计算模块50、拟合程度判断模块60和模型输出模块70,具体为:
拟合程度计算模块50,用于根据拟合程度公式,对所述轨迹参数集的每一 个匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩与所述匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩进行拟合计算,获得所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度;
拟合程度判断模块60,用于判断所述拟合程度是否小于拟合阈值;
模型输出模块70,用于当所述拟合程度小于所述拟合阈值时,输出所述动态摩擦模型给所述机器人;
所述接收参数模块10,还用于当所述拟合程度大于所述拟合阈值时,返回继续接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的新的轨迹参数集,以构建新的动态摩擦模型直至有动态摩擦模型的拟合程度小于所述拟合阈值。
优选地,所述拟合程度公式为:
Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-000016
其中,F1k为所述轨迹参数集中的第k条轨迹运动的匀速运动速度所对应的测量摩擦力矩,F2k为所述轨迹参数集中的第k条轨迹运动的匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩;d12为所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度。
优选地,所述动态摩擦模型为LuGre摩擦模型。
本发明实施例还提供一种机器人,包括任一实施例提供的所有控制机器人转动关节的装置,此装置可以设置在机器人的处理器当中。
实施本发明实施例,具有如下有益效果:
本发明实施例提供的控制机器人转动关节运动的装置和机器人,在构建摩擦力模型的过程,采用先以恒定的一个加速度加速至匀速运动速度再以该匀速运动速度进行匀速运动的轨迹运动进测试数据的获取,使得测试过程机器人运动的位置随时间变化的轨迹是连续且平滑,减小机器人因该运动的轨迹的不平滑而造成的振动,进而提高读取到的测试摩擦力矩的准确性,使得根据测试出来的数据构建成的摩擦力模型的拟合效果好,因而,在机器人转动关节进行运动时依据该摩擦力模型来修正驱动电机的驱动力矩,能提高机器人的控制性能。以及,在上述测试过程中增加以一个加速度从匀速运动速度减速至静止的减速运动,进一步提高读取到测试摩擦力矩的效率和准确性。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质中,该程序在执行时,可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。其中,所述的存储介质可为磁碟、光盘、只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory,ROM)或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory,RAM)等。
以上所述是本发明的优选实施方式,应当指出,对于本技术领域的普通技术人员来说,在不脱离本发明原理的前提下,还可以做出若干改进和润饰,这些改进和润饰也视为本发明的保护范围。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种控制机器人转动关节的方法,其特征在于,包括:
    接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的轨迹参数集;所述轨迹参数集包括每一个轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段的匀速运动速度;
    对于所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度,控制所述机器人转动关节进行与所述匀速运动速度对应的轨迹运动,并在所述轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段中读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩;所述驱动力矩用于作为所述机器人在以所述匀速运动速度进行瞬时运动的测量摩擦力矩;所述轨迹运动包括以第一加速度加速至所述匀速运动速度进行的加速运动和在所述加速运动之后以所述匀速运动速度进行的匀速运动;
    根据所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度和该匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩,构建摩擦力矩随速度变化的动态摩擦模型;
    当接收到控制所述机器人工作的请求时,根据所述动态摩擦模型修正由所述请求生成的驱动力矩,以使所述机器人根据修正后的驱动力矩转动关节进行运动。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的控制机器人转动关节的方法,其特征在于,所述轨迹运动还包括以第二加速度从所述匀速运动速度减速至静止的减速运动。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的控制机器人转动关节的方法,其特征在于,所述轨迹参数集还包括每一个轨迹运动的起始位置、终点位置和运动时长;所述第一加速度的大小与所述第二加速度的大小相同;
    则,所述在所述轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段中读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩,具体为:
    根据所述轨迹运动的匀速运动速度、起始位置、终点位置和运动时长,计算所述加速运动的加速时长tb
    Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-100001
    V为所述匀速运动速度,qf为所 述轨迹运动的终点位置,q0为所述轨迹运动的起始位置,tf为所述轨迹运动的运动时长;
    以所述加速运动的起始运动的时间为参考原点,在时间段tb<t≤tf-tb内读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的控制机器人转动关节的方法,其特征在于,还包括:
    根据拟合程度公式,对所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩与所述匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩进行拟合计算,获得所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度;
    判断所述拟合程度是否小于拟合阈值;
    若是,则输出所述动态摩擦模型给所述机器人;
    若否,则返回继续接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的新的轨迹参数集,以构建新的动态摩擦模型直至有动态摩擦模型的拟合程度小于所述拟合阈值。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的控制机器人转动关节的方法,其特征在于,所述拟合程度公式为:
    Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-100002
    其中,n表示所述轨迹参数集中包含的匀速运动速度的数量;F1k为所述轨迹参数集中的第k条轨迹运动的匀速运动速度所对应的测量摩擦力矩,F2k为所述轨迹参数集中的第k条轨迹运动的匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩;d12为所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的控制机器人转动关节的方法,其特征在于,所述动态摩擦模型为LuGre摩擦模型。
  7. 一种控制机器人转动关节的装置,其特征在于,包括:
    接收参数模块,用于接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的轨迹参数集;所述轨迹参数集包括每一个轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段的匀速运动速度;
    力矩获取模块,用于对于所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度,控制所述机器人转动关节进行与所述匀速运动速度对应的轨迹运动,并在所述轨迹运动的匀速运动阶段中读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩;所述驱动力矩用于作为所述机器人在以所述匀速运动速度进行瞬时运动的测量摩擦力矩;所述轨迹运动包括以第一加速度加速至所述匀速运动速度进行的加速运动和在所述加速运动之后以所述匀速运动速度进行的匀速运动;
    模型构建模块,用于根据所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度和该匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩,构建摩擦力矩随速度变化的动态摩擦模型;
    机器人工作模块,用于当接收到控制所述机器人工作的请求时,根据所述动态摩擦模型修正由所述请求生成的驱动力矩,以使所述机器人根据修正后的驱动力矩转动关节进行运动。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的控制机器人转动关节的装置,其特征在于,所述轨迹运动还包括以第二加速度从所述匀速运动速度减速至静止的减速运动。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的控制机器人转动关节的装置,其特征在于,所述轨迹参数集还包括每一个轨迹运动的起始位置、终点位置和运动时长;所述第一加速度的大小与所述第二加速度的大小相同;
    则,所述力矩获取模块包括有:
    加速时长获取单元,用于根据所述轨迹运动的匀速运动速度、起始位置、终点位置和运动时长,计算所述加速运动的加速时长tb
    Figure PCTCN2017104663-appb-100003
    V为所述匀速运动速度,qf为所述轨迹运动的终点位置,q0为所述轨迹运动的起始位置,tf为所述轨迹运动的运动时长;
    驱动力矩获取单元,用于以所述加速运动的起始运动的时间为参考原点, 在时间段tb<t≤tf-tb内读取所述机器人的驱动电机的驱动力矩;
    以及,所述装置还包括拟合程度计算模块、拟合程度判断模块和模型输出模块,具体为:
    拟合程度计算模块,用于根据拟合程度公式,对所述轨迹参数集的每一个匀速运动速度对应的测量摩擦力矩与所述匀速运动速度在所述动态摩擦模型中对应的模拟摩擦力矩进行拟合计算,获得所述动态摩擦模型的拟合程度;
    拟合程度判断模块,用于判断所述拟合程度是否小于拟合阈值;
    模型输出模块,用于当所述拟合程度小于所述拟合阈值时,输出所述动态摩擦模型给所述机器人;
    所述接收参数模块,还用于当所述拟合程度大于所述拟合阈值时,返回继续接收用于控制机器人转动关节进行轨迹运动的新的轨迹参数集,以构建新的动态摩擦模型直至有动态摩擦模型的拟合程度小于所述拟合阈值。
  10. 一种机器人,其特征在于,包括权利要求7-9任意一项所述的控制机器人转动关节的装置。
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