WO2018201907A1 - 双系统对向观测复合水准仪的导线式测量方法 - Google Patents

双系统对向观测复合水准仪的导线式测量方法 Download PDF

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WO2018201907A1
WO2018201907A1 PCT/CN2018/083633 CN2018083633W WO2018201907A1 WO 2018201907 A1 WO2018201907 A1 WO 2018201907A1 CN 2018083633 W CN2018083633 W CN 2018083633W WO 2018201907 A1 WO2018201907 A1 WO 2018201907A1
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station
measurement
composite level
level
calculate
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PCT/CN2018/083633
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English (en)
French (fr)
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刘雁春
孟强
刘尧
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大连圣博尔测绘仪器科技有限公司
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Priority to US16/312,290 priority Critical patent/US11029151B2/en
Priority to EP18794258.6A priority patent/EP3620746B1/en
Priority to JP2018568406A priority patent/JP6695451B2/ja
Publication of WO2018201907A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018201907A1/zh

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C5/00—Measuring height; Measuring distances transverse to line of sight; Levelling between separated points; Surveyors' levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B11/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of optical techniques
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B21/00—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant
    • G01B21/02—Measuring arrangements or details thereof, where the measuring technique is not covered by the other groups of this subclass, unspecified or not relevant for measuring length, width, or thickness
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/002—Active optical surveying means
    • G01C15/004—Reference lines, planes or sectors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C15/00—Surveying instruments or accessories not provided for in groups G01C1/00 - G01C13/00
    • G01C15/02—Means for marking measuring points
    • G01C15/06—Surveyors' staffs; Movable markers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01C—MEASURING DISTANCES, LEVELS OR BEARINGS; SURVEYING; NAVIGATION; GYROSCOPIC INSTRUMENTS; PHOTOGRAMMETRY OR VIDEOGRAMMETRY
    • G01C9/00—Measuring inclination, e.g. by clinometers, by levels
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S19/00—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems; Determining position, velocity or attitude using signals transmitted by such systems
    • G01S19/01—Satellite radio beacon positioning systems transmitting time-stamped messages, e.g. GPS [Global Positioning System], GLONASS [Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System] or GALILEO
    • G01S19/03—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers
    • G01S19/07—Cooperating elements; Interaction or communication between different cooperating elements or between cooperating elements and receivers providing data for correcting measured positioning data, e.g. DGPS [differential GPS] or ionosphere corrections
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S5/00—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations
    • G01S5/02—Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more direction or position line determinations; Position-fixing by co-ordinating two or more distance determinations using radio waves
    • G01S5/0205—Details
    • G01S5/021—Calibration, monitoring or correction

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of measurement, and particularly relates to a wire-type measuring method for ensuring measurement accuracy, avoiding invalid measurement, improving work efficiency, and dedicated to a dual-system observing composite level.
  • the traditional leveling device consists of a level and two leveling scales. When measuring, first place two leveling rods on the ground at points A and B, then set the level at the middle of the two points A and B, and use the horizontal sight of the leveling telescope to read two
  • the elevation value of the leveling ruler the difference between the measured elevation values is the level difference between the two points on the ground A and B. If the elevation of one point is known, the elevation of the other point can be derived from the height difference.
  • the main disadvantages of traditional leveling devices are: (1) measurement efficiency and low reliability. Reasonable configuration of the position between the level and the leveling ruler in a complex terrain environment often consumes a lot of energy and time of the measuring personnel, affecting the measurement efficiency; (2) the measurement is limited by the terrain environment.
  • the Chinese patent of the patent application No. 201220611636.6 discloses a "dual-type observation scale-integrated level" (hereinafter referred to as a composite level), the structure of which is on the same cylinder of the cylindrical ruler.
  • a leveling ruler and an observation unit ie, a conventional level
  • the measurement method has the following steps: placement of instruments, simultaneous leveling, mutual alignment, opposite observation, and two-way inspection. It can realize the direct level measurement of point-to-point, without taking time and effort to consider the reasonable arrangement of the position distance of the level gauge and the leveling ruler, and improve the working efficiency and reliability of the leveling measurement.
  • the selection and layout of the leveling are not limited by the terrain environment, which is convenient. Leveling is carried out in complex terrain such as steep slopes, potholes, ponds, ditches, gullies, rivers and mountains.
  • Chinese Patent Application No. 201310049994.1 discloses a "leveling method suitable for a composite level”, and specifically discloses a method for determining the i-angle of the composite level (one of the instrument parameters) and completely eliminating the influence of the i-angle.
  • Chinese Patent Application No. 201410585033.7 discloses a "method of measuring the height of the composite level", and specifically discloses how to accurately measure the height of the observation unit (ie, the level) itself (one of the instrument parameters) and the method for joint measurement with the i angle Solve the problem of precise determination of instrument parameters.
  • the height difference measurement method referred to in the above patent still follows the wire-type measurement mode of the two-point transfer advancement of the conventional leveling measurement.
  • the wire-type measurement mode of the traditional two-point transfer propulsion using the composite level is completed according to the following steps: measuring the instrument parameter information: determining the height, i angle and other performance parameters of the composite level; determining the initial measurement point of the measurement segment and terminating the measurement Place the instrument to establish a station: a large number of measuring points will be set between the initial measuring point and the ending measuring point of the measuring section, called the transition measuring point (also called the transition level point), starting from the first station.
  • the two composite levelers are respectively placed on the back measuring point and the front measuring point of the station, as shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. For the station k, the measuring point Pk is called the back measuring point and the measuring point P.
  • Initial station distance not more than the distance limit set by the national standard (for the fourth-class measurement, the station distance tolerance is 150m); to ensure that the composite level A and the composite level B are within the instrument's height difference observation range (current composite level The height difference observation range is 1.5m). After the simultaneous observation, the average value of the effective high difference measured by the two composite levels is calculated as the station height difference h k .
  • the composite level on the measurement point of the station to the front measurement point of the next station (the previous measurement point of the previous station is converted to the back measurement point of the next station), and continue to measure the station k+
  • the height difference of 1 and so on, until the last station n and the last measurement point P n+1 (ie, the measurement point is terminated) calculate the sum of the height differences of the stations and the height difference of the forward measurement section.
  • the height difference measurement is reversed in the same way until the original starting point is returned, and then the height of each station is calculated.
  • the sum of the differences is the inverse measurement height difference (called the back measurement height difference).
  • the traditional two-point transmission advancement wire-type measurement mode must be measured back and forth along the wire to form a round-trip test, and a round-trip closed height difference check.
  • the biggest problem with this measurement mode is: (1) When the wire is long, it is often difficult to complete the round-trip test within a limited period of time (for example, within one day), forming a round-trip closure, causing the existing measurement results to be invalid; Before the completion of the wire reciprocating closure, it is impossible to judge whether the result is qualified, and once the high-difference check is judged to be unqualified after the round-trip closure, all the completed measurement results are invalidated, which limits the improvement of the overall efficiency of the leveling measurement.
  • the invention patent of the Japanese Patent No. 201410044122.0 discloses a "three-point closure layout measurement method for a composite level", and specifically discloses a The three-point closed layout measurement method for the composite level is realized at any time to achieve regional spatial closure check, to ensure measurement accuracy, and to improve overall leveling reliability and efficiency. It is to extend the traditional two-point wire leveling measurement to the three-point closed surface leveling measurement, that is, the leveling point is a triangle according to the connection of each adjacent three measuring points and one or two for each adjacent triangle.
  • the use of three-point closure layout measurement still has the following problems: (1) the need to increase the number of instruments and personnel, and the workload is huge, that is, the human and material costs are high; (2) the terrain conditions are high.
  • the three-point closure measurement method is not the preferred measurement method for the composite level from the perspective of economic efficiency, engineering requirements and user practicality.
  • the present invention is to solve the above-mentioned technical problems existing in the prior art, and to provide a wire-type measuring method for ensuring measurement accuracy, avoiding invalid measurement, improving work efficiency, and dedicated to a dual-system observing composite level.
  • the technical solution of the present invention is: a wire-type measuring method for a dual-system observing composite level, characterized in that the following steps are performed:
  • Step 1 Determination of instrument parameter information
  • Step 2 Determine the initial measurement point and the termination measurement point of the measurement section, and place the composite level A on the initial measurement point;
  • Step 3 Place the instrument to establish a station
  • Step 4 Set the number of first observations
  • Step 5 The composite level A and the composite level B respectively observe the readings according to the set number of times, and calculate the reading errors separately;
  • Step 6 Determine whether the reading error is out of limits
  • the limit is exceeded, the number of observations is increased to determine whether the number of observations exceeds the threshold value M. If it does not exceed M, return to step 5. If the value exceeds M, the position of the measurement point is reduced before the movement, and the distance of the station is reduced, and then the station is judged. Whether the distance D k is less than the threshold D 0 , less than D o , the measurement is ended, otherwise, return to step 3;
  • Step 7 Calculate the average value of the composite level A reading as the height difference of the A meter station Calculate the average value of the composite level B reading as the height difference of the meter meter station Calculate the difference between the two stations and the height difference ⁇ AB ;
  • Step 8 Determine if
  • Step 9 is performed without exceeding ⁇ 0 ;
  • Step 9 Calculate the mean value of the height difference between the two stations as the height difference h k of the station;
  • Step 10 Calculate the cumulative station height difference of the composite level A Calculate the cumulative station height difference of the composite level B
  • Step 11 Calculate the difference ⁇ AB between the cumulative station height differences of the two instruments
  • Step 12 Determine if
  • Step 133 is performed without exceeding ⁇ 0 ;
  • Step 13 Calculate the sum H k of the height differences of the stations
  • Step 14 Determine whether the composite level A is set to terminate the measuring point. Otherwise, move the composite level on the measuring point to return to step 3; Yes, end the measurement.
  • the invention relates to an intelligent wire-type measuring method for an integrated three-level error control ring check core proposed by a dual-system observing composite leveling instrument, which specifically adopts a single instrument check, a double-meter mutual check and a multi-station
  • the two instruments accumulate mutual inspection, and adjust the measurement error in real time by adjusting the number of observations and adjusting the distance of the station to ensure that the height difference measurement of the station and the measuring section meets its preset accuracy requirements anytime and anywhere, avoiding the traditional leveling device often.
  • the ineffective measurement has improved the efficiency and economic efficiency of the composite level.
  • 1 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of a measuring station of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view showing the arrangement of the measuring points of the composite level A and B according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a flow chart of an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the wire-type measuring method of the dual-system observing composite level of the present invention is as shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, and the following steps are performed:
  • Step 1 Determination of instrument parameter information: that is, according to the prior art method, the performance parameters of the composite level A and the composite level B, such as the height of the composite level, the i angle, etc., should meet the design requirements of the composite level;
  • Step 2 Determine the initial measurement point and the end measurement point of the measurement section, and place the composite level A on the initial measurement point; as shown in Figure 1.
  • Step 3 Place the instrument to establish the station: The two composite level A and the composite level B are placed at adjacent measuring points for simultaneous observation to form a station. For the establishment of the first station, since the composite level A has been placed at the initial measurement point in step 2, it is only necessary to place the composite level B at the adjacent measurement point. For the establishment of the kth station, as shown in Figure 2. After the instrument is placed, synchronous leveling and mutual alignment of the other scales are performed;
  • Step 4 Set the number of first observations to 5 times
  • Step 5 The composite level A observes the reading according to the set number of times (the observation reading refers to the reference reading of the composite level observation unit, and the value corrected by the instrument parameters of the i angle and the instrument height according to the prior art), and the observation reading pole is calculated.
  • Difference R A maximum observation reading - minimum observation reading
  • composite level B observes the reading according to the set number of times, calculates the reading difference R B ; can also calculate the standard deviation ⁇ A and ⁇ B of the observed reading, the standard deviation of the observed reading ⁇ A and ⁇ B can be calculated according to the formula of the prior art;
  • Step 6 Determine whether the reading error is out of limits
  • Step 7 is not exceeded
  • the number of observations may be increased (may be increased sequentially or increased by a certain step size) to determine whether the number of observations exceeds the threshold value M (30 times in this embodiment); if it does not exceed M, return to step 5, if it exceeds M, Then, the position of the measuring point before moving is reduced to reduce the distance of the station, and then it is determined whether the distance D k of the station is smaller than the threshold D 0 , and the threshold D o can be directly given according to a distance requirement of the national leveling level or subjected to a large number of practical statistics.
  • Steps 1 to 6 above constitute a first-order error control loop.
  • Step 7 Calculate the average value of the composite level A reading as the station A meter height difference Calculate the average value of the composite level B reading as the height difference of the station B Calculate the difference between the two stations and the height difference ⁇ AB ;
  • Step 8 Determine whether
  • exceeds the tolerance ⁇ 0 ; the tolerance ⁇ 0 can be directly given according to the national leveling level requirement or obtained through a large number of practical statistics. In this embodiment, ⁇ 0 5 mm is taken.
  • Step 9 is performed without exceeding ⁇ 0 ;
  • step 6 determines the number of observations exceeds the threshold value M, such as not more than M, return to step 5, if more than M, before moving the measuring point reduction station distance, and then determines the station distance D Whether k is less than the threshold D 0 , less than D 0 , then the measurement is ended, otherwise, return to step 3;
  • M such as not more than M
  • step 5 determines the station distance D Whether k is less than the threshold D 0 , less than D 0 , then the measurement is ended, otherwise, return to step 3;
  • Step 9 Calculate the height difference of the station h k : Calculate the height difference between the two stations with Mean h k , That is, the height difference result of the station k;
  • Steps 7 to 9 above constitute a secondary error control loop.
  • Step 10 Calculate the cumulative height difference of the station of the composite level A
  • Step 11 Calculate the difference ⁇ AB between the cumulative height differences of the stations of the two instruments
  • Step 12 Determine whether
  • the tolerance ⁇ 0 can be directly given according to the national level measurement level requirement or obtained through a large number of practical statistics. (L is the cumulative station distance, ie );
  • Step 13 Calculate the sum H k of the height differences of the stations
  • Step 14 Determine whether the composite level A is set to terminate the measuring point. Otherwise, if the composite level A has not reached the ending measuring point, move the composite level on the measuring point of the measuring station k, and return to step 3 (the moving position of the resetting station) Composite level to the front side of the next station, establish a new station); Yes, end the measurement.
  • the composite level A (or composite level B) can be used to ensure the measuring point (including the initial measurement) from the first measuring point (ie, the starting measuring point) to the last measuring point (ie, ending the measuring point).
  • the total number of points n+1 and the end point is n+1, and the total number n of the stations is even, which further ensures the accuracy of the height difference measurement.
  • Steps 10 to 13 above constitute a three-level error control loop.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
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Abstract

一种双系统对向观测复合水准仪（A、B）的导线式测量方法，是针对双系统对向观测复合水准仪（A、B）所提出的一体化三级误差控制环检核的智能化导线式测量方法，具体采用测站单仪检核、测站双仪互检及多测站双仪累计互检，并通过调整观测次数、调整测站距离的方式实时动态控制测量误差，保证测站及测段的高差测量随时随地满足其预设的精度要求，避免了传统水准测量装置经常出现的无效测量，提高了复合水准仪的作业效率和经济效益。

Description

双系统对向观测复合水准仪的导线式测量方法 技术领域：
本发明属于测量技术领域，尤其涉及一种可保证测量精度、避免无效测量、提高作业效率、专用于双系统对向观测复合水准仪的导线式测量方法。
背景技术：
传统的水准测量装置是由一个水准仪和两个水准标尺组成。测量时先将两个水准标尺分别置于地面上的A、B两点，再将水准仪设置在A、B两点的中间位置，利用整平后水准仪望远镜的水平视线分别照准读取两个水准标尺的标高数值，所测标高数值之差即为地面A、B两点的水准高差，若已知其中一点的高程，即可由高差推算出另一点的高程。传统水准测量装置存在的主要不足是：(1)测量工作效率及可靠性低。在复杂的地形环境中实现水准仪和水准标尺三点之间位置的合理配置，往往耗费测量人员大量的精力和时间，影响测量效率；(2)测量受到地形环境限制。当遇到陡坡、坑洼、水塘、沟渠、沟壑、江河、山区等复杂地形环境时，往往不能将水准仪架设在两个水准标尺的中间位置，导致水准测量无法实施。为了克服上述不足，专利申请号为201220611636.6的中国专利，公开了一种“对偶式观测用尺仪合一复合水准仪”(以下简称复合水准仪)，其结构是在柱形尺体的同一柱面上固定有与柱形尺体轴线平行的水准标尺及观测单元(即传统的水准仪)，所述观测单元视准轴与柱形尺体轴线垂直。其测量方法有如下步骤：安置仪器、同步整平、相互照准、对向观测及双向检核等。可真正实现点对点的直接水准测量，无需费时费力地考虑水准仪和水准标尺位置距离的合理配置，提高了水准测量的工作效率及可靠性，水准测量的选点、布点不受地形环境限制，可以方便地在陡坡、坑洼、水塘、沟渠、沟壑、江河、山区等复杂地形环境下实施水准测量。
中国发明专利申请号为201310049994.1公开了一种“适用于复合水准仪的水准测量方法”，具体公开了测定复合水准仪i角(仪器参数之一)及彻底消除i角影响的方法。中国发明专利申请号为201410585033.7公开了一种“复合水准仪本方高度测定方法”，具体公开了如何精确测定观测单元(即水准仪)自身的高度(仪器参数之一)及与i角联合测定的方法，解决了仪器参数的精密确定问 题。然而，上述专利所涉及的高差测量方法仍然沿用了传统水准测量的两点传递推进的导线式测量模式。采用复合水准仪进行的传统两点传递推进的导线式测量模式是按照下列步骤完成的：仪器参数信息测定：测定复合水准仪的高度、i角等性能参数；确定测段的起始测点及终止测点；安置仪器建立测站：在测段的起始测点及终止测点之间会设置大量的测点，称为过渡测点(也称为过渡水准点)，从第一个测站开始，将两个复合水准仪分别安置在测站的后测点及前测点上，如图1、图2所示，对测站k而言，测点P k称为后测点及测点P k+1称为前测点，后测点与前测点之间的距离为测站距离D k，最初建立该测站时的测站距离称为初始测站距离，用
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000001
表示。初始测站距离
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000002
确定的原则是：不大于国家规范设定的距离限差(对四等测量，测站距离限差为150m)；保证复合水准仪A与复合水准仪B处于仪器的高差观测范围内(目前复合水准仪的高差观测范围为1.5m)。同步观测之后计算两个复合水准仪所测得有效高差值的平均值为本站高差h k。然后将本测站k后测点上的复合水准仪移至下一测站的前测点(上一站的前测点则转为下一测站的后测点)，继续测量测站k+1的高差，依此类推，直至最后一个测站n及最后一个测点P n+1(即终止测点)，计算各测站高差之和为本次正向测段高差(称为往测高差)；然后再从最后一个测点P n+1(即原终止测点)起按同样方法反向进行高差测量，直至返回原起始测点，再计算各测站高差之和为本次反向测段高差(称为返测高差)。即传统两点传递推进的导线式测量模式必须沿导线往返一个来回进行水准测量，以形成往返测，进行往返闭合高差检核。该测量模式所存在的最大的问题是：(1)当导线较长时，经常难以在有限的时间段内(例如一天以内)完成往返测、构成往返闭合，导致已有测量结果作废；(2)在完成导线往返闭合之前，无法判断成果是否合格，而一旦往返闭合之后高差检核判断为不合格，则已经完成的全部测量成果作废，限制了水准测量整体效率的提高。
为了解决传统两点传递推进的导线式测量模式所存在的上述问题，中国专利号为201410044122.0的发明专利公开了一种“用于复合水准仪的三点闭合布设测量法”，具体公开了一种可随时实现区域空间闭合检核、保证测量精度、提高整体水准测量可靠性及效率的用于复合水准仪的三点闭合布设测量法。是将 传统的两点导线式的水准测量推广至三点闭合的面式水准测量，即水准测量点是按照每相邻三个测量点的连线构成一个三角形且每相邻三角形有一个或两个公共水准测量点的方式设置，然后用三个复合水准仪依次对每三个相邻水准测量点进行两两高差测量并以所构成的空间闭合区域(三角形)进行区域空间闭合高差检核，得到符合闭合限差要求的高差测量结果，最后得到目标水准点的高程。由于在测量线路中形成多个连续的空间闭合区域，可充分满足有限时间段内水准测量导线构成自身闭合的要求，并且在保证测量精度下可以随测随停，避免了不能在有限时间段内构成自身闭合而使测量成果无效的现象发生，有效提高了总体测量的工作效率。然而，使用三点闭合布设测量法仍存在如下问题：(1)需要增加仪器和人员数量，且工作量巨大，即人力物力成本高；(2)对地形条件要求高。换言之，除非有特别需求或区域性追求更高的精度和可靠性，否则，从经济效益、工程需求及用户实用的角度出发，三点闭合布设测量法不是复合水准仪首选的测量方法。
发明内容：
本发明是为了解决现有技术存在的上述技术问题，提供一种可保证测量精度、避免无效测量、提高作业效率、专用于双系统对向观测复合水准仪的导线式测量方法。
本发明的技术解决方案是：一种双系统对向观测复合水准仪的导线式测量方法，其特征在于按照如下步骤进行：
步骤1：仪器参数信息测定；
步骤2：确定测段的起始测点及终止测点，并将复合水准仪A置于起始测点；
步骤3：安置仪器建立测站；
步骤4：设定首次观测次数；
步骤5：复合水准仪A和复合水准仪B分别按设定次数观测读数，并分别计算读数误差；
步骤6：判断读数误差是否超限；
不超限进行步骤7；超限，则增加观测次数，判断观测次数是否超过阈值M；如不超过M，返回步骤5，如超过M，移动前测点位置缩小测站距离，再判断测站距离D k是否小于阈值D 0,小于D o，则结束测量，否则，返回步骤3；
步骤7：计算复合水准仪A读数均值作为A仪测站高差
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000003
计算复合水准仪B读数均值作为B仪测站高差
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000004
计算两仪测站高差互差δ AB；
步骤8：判断|δ AB|是否超出限差δ o；
不超出δ 0，进行步骤9；
超出δ 0，则增加观测次数，再判断观测次数是否超过阈值M，如不超过M，返回步骤5，如超过M，移动前测点位置缩小测站距离，再判断测站距离D k是否小于阈值D 0,小于D 0，则结束测量，否则，返回步骤3；
步骤9：计算两仪测站高差的均值作为本测站的高差h k；
步骤10：计算复合水准仪A的累计测站高差
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000005
计算复合水准仪B的累计测站高差
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000006
步骤11：计算两仪的累计测站高差之差Δ AB；
步骤12：判断|Δ AB|是否超出限差Δ 0；
超出Δ 0，移动前测点位置缩小测站距离，再判断测站距离D k是否小于阈值D 0,小于D o，则结束测量，否则，返回步骤3；
不超出Δ 0，进行步骤13；
步骤13：计算各测站高差之和H k；
步骤14：判断复合水准仪A是否设置在终止测点，否，则移动后测点上的复合水准仪，返回步骤3；是，结束测量。
本发明是针对双系统对向观测复合水准仪所提出的一体化三级误差控制环检核的智能化导线式测量方法，具体采用测站单仪检核、测站双仪互检及多测站双仪累计互检，并通过调整观测次数、调整测站距离等实时动态控制测量误差，保证测站及测段的高差测量随时随地满足其预设的精度要求，避免了传统水准测量装置经常出现的无效测量，提高了复合水准仪的作业效率和经济效益。
附图说明：
图1是本发明实施例的测段测站布置示意图。
图2是本发明实施例的复合水准仪A、B测点安置示意图。
图3是本发明实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式：
本发明的双系统对向观测复合水准仪的导线式测量方法如图1、2、3所示，按照如下步骤进行：
步骤1：仪器参数信息测定：即按照现有技术的方法测定复合水准仪A、复合水准仪B的性能参数，如复合水准仪高度、i角等参数，应满足复合水准仪的设计要求；
步骤2：确定测段的起始测点及终止测点，并将复合水准仪A置于起始测点；如图1所示。
步骤3：安置仪器建立测站：即将两个复合水准仪A、复合水准仪B分别安置在相邻测点进行同步观测即构成一个测站。对建立第一个测站而言，由于在步骤2中已将复合水准仪A置于起始测点，则仅需将复合水准仪B安置在相邻测点即可。对建立第k个测站而言，如图2所示。安置仪器后进行同步整平、相互照准对方标尺；
步骤4：设定首次观测次数为5次；
步骤5：复合水准仪A按设定次数观测读数(观测读数是指：复合水准仪观测单元的照准读数，按现有技术经过i角、仪高等仪器参数信息改正后的数值)，计算观测读数极差R A(最大观测读数-最小观测读数)；复合水准仪B按设定次数观测读数，计算读数极差R B；也可分别计算观测读数的标准差σ A及σ B，观测读数的标准差σ A及σ B可依现有技术的公式计算；
步骤6：判断读数误差是否超限；
判断观测读数极差R A和R B是否超限，即判断|R A|≤R 0、|R B|≤R 0，本实施例取R o＝6mm，R o可按国家水准测量等级要求导出或经过大量实践统计得出。亦可采用标准差进行判断，即判断|σ A|≤σ 0、|σ B|≤σ 0，本实施例取σ 0＝1.5mm，σ o可按国家水准测量等级要求直接给出或经过大量实践统计得出。
不超限进行步骤7；
超限，则增加观测次数(可逐次增加，亦可按照一定步长增加)，判断观测次数是否超过阈值M(本实施例取30次)；如不超过M，返回步骤5，如超过M，则移动前测点位置缩小测站距离，再判断测站距离D k是否小于阈值D 0，所述阈值D o可根据国家水准测量等级的距离要求按某种比例直接给出或经过大量实践统计得出，本实施例中取
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000007
对应四等水准测量，
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000008
D o＝50m；若D k小于D 0，则说明测量条件差(一般是风大造成的)，而过分缩小观测距离会导致测量效率低下，应直接结束测量；否则，返回步骤3；
说明：上述步骤1～步骤6构成一级误差控制环。
步骤7：计算复合水准仪A读数均值作为测站A仪高差
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000009
计算复合水准仪B读数均值作为测站B仪高差
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000010
计算两仪测站高差互差δ AB；
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000011
步骤8：判断|δ AB|是否超出限差δ 0；限差δ 0可按国家水准测量等级要求直接给出或经过大量实践统计得出，本实施例取δ 0＝5mm，
不超出δ 0，进行步骤9；
超出δ 0，则如步骤6增加观测次数，再判断观测次数是否超过阈值M，如不超过M，返回步骤5，如超过M，移动前测点位置缩小测站距离，再判断测站距离D k是否小于阈值D 0，小于D 0，则结束测量，否则，返回步骤3；
步骤9：计算本测站高差h k：即计算两仪测站高差
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000012
和
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000013
的均值h k，
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000014
即本测站k的高差结果；
说明：上述步骤7～步骤9构成二级误差控制环。
步骤10：计算复合水准仪A的测站累计高差
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000015
计算复合水准仪B的测站累计高差
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000016
即分别记算复合水准仪A、复合水准仪B从第一测站开始至所在测站k的累计高差：
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000017
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000018
步骤11：计算两仪的测站累计高差之差Δ AB；
步骤12：判断|Δ AB|是否超出限差Δ 0：限差Δ 0可按国家水准测量等级要求直接给出或经过大量实践统计得出，本实施例取
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000019
(L为累计的测站距离，即
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000020
)；
超出Δ 0，则移动前测点位置缩小测站距离，再判断测站距离D k是否小于阈值D 0，小于D 0，则结束测量，否则，返回步骤3；
不超出Δ o，进行步骤13；
步骤13：计算各测站高差之和H k；
Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-000021
步骤14：判断复合水准仪A是否设置在终止测点，否，即复合水准仪A还未到达终止测点，则移动本测站k的后测点上的复合水准仪，返回步骤3(安置所移动的复合水准仪至下一测站的前侧点，建立新的测站)；是，结束测量。
建立测段测站时，以复合水准仪A(或复合水准仪B)从第一测点(即起始测点)至最后一个测点(即终止测点)，可以保证测点(包含起始测点及终止测点)的总数n+1为奇数、测站的总数n为偶数，进一步保证高差测量的精准度。
说明：上述步骤10～步骤13构成三级误差控制环。
由实施例可知，实施本发明只有以下两种情况：(1)如能测量，就会测出合格的成果；(2)如因测量条件差不能测量，则直接放弃本次测量。可有效避 免传统导线模式测量时所出现的无效测量，有效提高水准测量的工作效率。

Claims (1)

  1. 一种双系统对向观测复合水准仪的导线式测量方法，其特征在于按照如下步骤进行：
    步骤1：仪器参数信息测定；
    步骤2：确定测段的起始测点及终止测点，并将复合水准仪A置于起始测点；
    步骤3：安置仪器建立测站；
    步骤4：设定首次观测次数；
    步骤5：复合水准仪A和复合水准仪B分别按设定次数观测读数，并分别计算读数误差；
    步骤6：判断读数误差是否超限；
    不超限进行步骤7；超限，则增加观测次数，判断观测次数是否超过阈值M；如不超过M，返回步骤5，如超过M，移动前测点位置缩小测站距离，再判断测站距离D k是否小于阈值D 0,小于D 0，则结束测量，否则，返回步骤3；
    步骤7：计算复合水准仪A读数均值作为A仪测站高差
    Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-100001
    计算复合水准仪B读数均值作为B仪测站高差
    Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-100002
    计算两仪测站高差互差δ AB；
    步骤8：判断|δ AB|是否超出限差δ 0；
    不超出δ 0，进行步骤9；
    超出δ 0，则增加观测次数，再判断观测次数是否超过阈值M，如不超过M，返回步骤5，如超过M，移动前测点位置缩小测站距离，再判断测站距离D k是否小于阈值D 0,小于D 0，则结束测量，否则，返回步骤3；
    步骤9：计算两仪测站高差的均值作为本测站的高差h k；
    步骤10：计算复合水准仪A的累计测站高差
    Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-100003
    计算复合水准仪B的累计测站高差
    Figure PCTCN2018083633-appb-100004
    步骤11：计算两仪的累计测站高差之差Δ AB；
    步骤12：判断|Δ AB|是否超出限差Δ 0；
    超出Δ 0，移动前测点位置缩小测站距离，再判断测站距离D k是否小于阈值D 0,小于D 0，则结束测量，否则，返回步骤3；
    不超出Δ 0，进行步骤13；
    步骤13：计算各测站高差之和H k；
    步骤14：判断复合水准仪A是否设置在终止测点，否，则移动后测点上的复合水准仪，返回步骤3；是，结束测量。
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