WO2018198700A1 - 液晶表示装置及び光学素子 - Google Patents
液晶表示装置及び光学素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018198700A1 WO2018198700A1 PCT/JP2018/014485 JP2018014485W WO2018198700A1 WO 2018198700 A1 WO2018198700 A1 WO 2018198700A1 JP 2018014485 W JP2018014485 W JP 2018014485W WO 2018198700 A1 WO2018198700 A1 WO 2018198700A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/1336—Illuminating devices
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal display device and an optical element.
- a general liquid crystal display device is a non-light-emitting display device, in which light from a backlight using a white LED or the like as a light source is light-modulated for each pixel by a liquid crystal layer, and red (R) and green (G). , Blue (B) is transmitted through each color filter layer to perform color display.
- the white LED has features such as good luminous efficiency and long life.
- the white LED has a large light loss due to a decrease in luminous efficiency of the phosphor due to heat generation (so-called temperature quenching).
- the color filter layer separates the light from the white LED into red, green and blue, only about 1/3 of the backlight is actually used, and the light utilization efficiency of the entire liquid crystal display device Is low.
- a liquid crystal display device of a type that uses an ultraviolet light source as a backlight and emits phosphor layers of red, green, and blue colors using the ultraviolet light source as excitation light is disclosed (Patent Document 1).
- a blue LED is used as a backlight, and red and green phosphor layers are emitted by using the blue light output from the blue LED to obtain red and green light, and the blue light from the blue LED is used as it is.
- a liquid crystal display device that transmits blue light and displays it is disclosed (Patent Document 2).
- a liquid crystal display device that includes a subpixel including a phosphor layer that emits light, and a filter layer that reflects or absorbs light having a wavelength of 420 nm or less on a surface opposite to the liquid crystal layer of the phosphor layer.
- a reflective liquid crystal display device has been proposed as a display device with high visibility under external light, but there is a problem that visibility is low in a dark place.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a new liquid crystal display device with improved visibility under outside light without reducing visibility in a dark place, and an optical element used therefor. .
- One aspect of the present invention is a backlight, a wavelength conversion layer that receives light from the backlight and outputs wavelength-converted light, a liquid crystal layer that is disposed on the viewer side of the wavelength conversion layer, A polarizing plate disposed on the viewer side of the liquid crystal layer, a polarizing layer disposed between the wavelength conversion layer and the liquid crystal layer, and ⁇ / disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing plate.
- the liquid crystal display device includes four plates and a ⁇ / 4 layer disposed between the polarizing layer and the liquid crystal layer.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate and the ⁇ / 4 layer have the same wavelength dispersion characteristics.
- a barrier coat layer for suppressing moisture transmission is provided between the polarizing layer and the liquid crystal layer.
- the ⁇ / 4 layer and the ⁇ / 4 plate are made of a liquid crystal polymer of the same material.
- One aspect of the present invention is a backlight, a wavelength conversion layer that receives light from the backlight and outputs wavelength-converted light, a liquid crystal layer that is disposed on the viewer side of the wavelength conversion layer, A polarizing plate disposed on the viewing side of the liquid crystal layer, a polarizing layer disposed between the wavelength conversion layer and the liquid crystal layer, and ⁇ disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing plate.
- One aspect of the present invention is a backlight, a wavelength conversion layer that receives light from the backlight and outputs wavelength-converted light, a liquid crystal layer that is disposed on the viewer side of the wavelength conversion layer, A polarizing plate disposed on the viewer side of the liquid crystal layer, a polarizing layer disposed between the wavelength conversion layer and the liquid crystal layer, and ⁇ / disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing plate.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate having the same wavelength dispersion as that of the ⁇ / 4 layer and the polarizing plate are integrally formed.
- One aspect of the present invention is a backlight, a wavelength conversion layer that receives light from the backlight and outputs wavelength-converted light, a liquid crystal layer that is disposed on the viewer side of the wavelength conversion layer, A polarizing plate disposed on the viewer side of the liquid crystal layer, a polarizing layer disposed between the wavelength conversion layer and the liquid crystal layer, and ⁇ / disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing plate.
- An optical element comprising the ⁇ / 4 layer used in a liquid crystal display device having four plates and a ⁇ / 4 layer disposed between the polarizing layer and the liquid crystal layer, wherein the ⁇ / 4 An optical element characterized by having the same wavelength dispersion as that of the plate.
- One aspect of the present invention is a backlight, a wavelength conversion layer that receives light from the backlight and outputs wavelength-converted light, a liquid crystal layer that is disposed on the viewer side of the wavelength conversion layer, A polarizing plate disposed on the viewer side of the liquid crystal layer, a polarizing layer disposed between the wavelength conversion layer and the liquid crystal layer, and ⁇ / disposed between the liquid crystal layer and the polarizing plate.
- the ⁇ / 4 layer having the same wavelength dispersion as that of the ⁇ / 4 plate and the polarizing layer are integrally formed.
- the ⁇ / 4 layer and the ⁇ / 4 plate are made of a liquid crystalline polymer made of the same material.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 includes a polarizing plate 10, a negative C plate 12, a TFT substrate 14, an interlayer insulating film 16, a display electrode 18, an alignment film (alignment film). Layer) 20, liquid crystal layer 22, alignment film (alignment layer) 24, common electrode 26, barrier coat layer 28, polarizing layer 30, wavelength conversion layer 32, counter substrate 34, backlight 36, ⁇ / 4 plate 38, and The ⁇ / 4 layer 40 is included.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 functions as a device that displays light by receiving light from the backlight 36 and outputting the light wavelength-converted by the wavelength conversion layer 32 from the polarizing plate 10 side, as indicated by arrows.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 can positively utilize the external light incident from the polarizing plate 10 side, and can output the wavelength of the external light by the wavelength conversion layer 32.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram, and the size and thickness of each component do not reflect actual values.
- an active matrix liquid crystal display device is described as an example of the liquid crystal display device 100.
- the scope of application of the present invention is not limited to this, and a liquid crystal display of another mode such as a simple matrix type is used. It is also applicable to the device.
- the TFT substrate 14 is configured by arranging TFTs for each pixel on the substrate.
- the substrate is a transparent substrate such as glass.
- the substrate is used to mechanically support the liquid crystal display device 100 and to display an image by transmitting light.
- the substrate may be a flexible substrate made of a resin such as an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, an acrylic resin, or a polycarbonate resin.
- a gate electrode 14a connected to the gate line is disposed on the substrate substantially in the middle of the TFT.
- a gate insulating film 14b is formed covering the gate electrode 14a, and a semiconductor layer 14c is formed covering the gate insulating film 14b.
- the gate insulating film 14b is formed of an insulator such as SiO 2 .
- the semiconductor layer 14c is made of amorphous silicon or polysilicon, and a portion directly above the gate electrode 14a is a channel region having almost no impurities, and both sides are a source region and a drain region to which conductivity is given by impurity doping. Is done.
- a contact hole is formed on the drain region of the TFT, and a metal (for example, aluminum) drain electrode is disposed (electrically connected) thereon, and a contact hole is formed on the source region, in which the metal is formed.
- a source electrode for example, aluminum
- the drain electrode is connected to a data line to which a data voltage is supplied.
- the polarizing plate 10 is formed on the surface of the TFT substrate 14 where the TFT is not formed.
- a polarizing plate 10 is formed so as to cover the surface of the substrate of the TFT substrate 14.
- the polarizing plate 10 preferably includes a dye-type polarizing element obtained by dyeing a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) resin with an iodine material or a dichroic dye.
- the negative C plate 12 for visual field correction is formed on the surface of the TFT substrate 14 where the TFT is not formed.
- the retardation Rth in the thickness direction of the negative C plate is 220 nm.
- a ⁇ / 4 plate 38 (1 ⁇ 4 wavelength plate) corresponding to an example of a ⁇ / 4 plate is formed between the negative C plate 12 and the polarizing plate 10.
- the retardation Re of the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 is preferably 135 nm, and the slow axis is preferably 45 °.
- the negative C plate 12 and the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 function as an optical compensation layer.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 functions as an antireflection layer.
- the polarized light of the light passes through the polarizing plate 10 to become linearly polarized light, and the linearly polarized light passes through the ⁇ / 4 plate 38. Is converted to circularly polarized light.
- the circularly polarized light is reflected at the interface of each layer, it enters the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 again. That is, light passes through the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 twice. Since the circularly polarized light has a property that the direction of rotation does not change even if it is reflected, two round trips of the phase difference of the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 are added to obtain a total phase difference of ⁇ / 2.
- the polarization azimuth of the light reflected at the interface of each phase and passing through the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 is rotated by 90 ° with respect to the incident polarization azimuth. Accordingly, the reflected light cannot pass through the polarizing plate 10 and is not emitted outside the liquid crystal display device 100. In this way, it is possible to prevent the reflected light from being emitted from the liquid crystal display device 100.
- the polarizing plate 10 and the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 function as an optical isolator.
- a display electrode 18 is provided on the surface of the TFT substrate 14 on which the TFT is formed via an interlayer insulating film 16.
- the display electrode 18 is an individual electrode separated for each pixel, and is a transparent electrode made of, for example, ITO (indium tin oxide).
- the display electrode 18 is connected to a source electrode formed on the TFT substrate 14.
- the alignment film 20 that covers the display electrode 18 and vertically aligns the liquid crystal is formed.
- the alignment film 20 is made of a resin material such as polyimide.
- the alignment film 20 can be formed, for example, by printing a 5 wt% solution of N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone serving as a polyimide resin on the display electrode 18 and curing it by heating at about 180 ° C. to 280 ° C.
- the counter substrate 34 is a transparent substrate such as glass.
- the counter substrate 34 mechanically supports the liquid crystal display device 100 and is used to transmit light from the backlight 36 and enter the wavelength conversion layer 32 and the like.
- the counter substrate 34 may be a flexible substrate made of a resin such as an epoxy resin, a polyimide resin, an acrylic resin, or a polycarbonate resin.
- a wavelength conversion layer 32 is formed on the counter substrate 34.
- the wavelength conversion layer 32 is arranged in a matrix in the in-plane direction of the counter substrate 34 for each pixel.
- any one of a phosphor, a quantum dot, and a quantum rod that receives light from a backlight 36 described later and emits light in a specific wavelength region can be applied.
- the phosphor is preferably made of a material that emits light of any one of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) for each pixel.
- Eu-activated sulfide-based red phosphor is used for the red phosphor
- Eu-activated sulfide-based green phosphor is used for the green phosphor
- Eu-activated phosphate-based blue phosphor is used for the blue phosphor. it can.
- the wavelength conversion layer 32 may include a single phosphor or a plurality of phosphors depending on the color to be displayed.
- the blue wavelength region is 450 nm to 495 nm
- the green wavelength region is 495 nm to 590 nm
- the red wavelength region is 590 nm to 750 nm.
- the wavelength region of each color is not strict and may deviate from the above range.
- the wavelength region of each color may not be continuous or may overlap.
- pseudo white light is obtained.
- white light can be obtained when three kinds of phosphors emitting red light, green light, and blue light are included.
- a liquid crystal display device capable of emitting colored light is obtained.
- the wavelength conversion layer 32 can also be realized by a quantum dot structure in which a plurality of semiconductor materials having different characteristics are periodically arranged three-dimensionally or a quantum rod that is periodically arranged two-dimensionally. Quantum dots and quantum rods function as a material having a desired band gap by repeatedly arranging semiconductor materials having different band gaps with a period of the nm order. It can be used as the wavelength conversion layer 32 that emits light in a wavelength region corresponding to the gap. Specifically, a quantum dot structure having a characteristic of absorbing light in the wavelength region of the output light of the backlight 36 and emitting any one of red (R), green (G), and blue (B) A quantum rod structure is formed.
- Quantum dots can have a structure in which, for example, the central core (core) is formed of cadmium selenide (CdSe) and the outside is covered with a zinc sulfide (ZnS) coating layer (shell).
- the emission color can be controlled by changing the diameter. For example, when emitting red (R), the diameter may be 8.3 nm, when emitting green (G), the diameter may be 3 nm, and when emitting blue (B), the diameter may be further reduced.
- the central core material indium phosphide (InP), indium copper sulfide (CuInS2), carbon, graphene, or the like may be used.
- the wavelength conversion layer is a phosphor or quantum dot or quantum rod that emits red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and is formed and arranged by patterning at locations corresponding to the display electrodes. Is possible.
- a phosphor material, a quantum dot material, or a quantum rod material that emits red (R), green (G), and blue (B) is dispersed in a photosensitive polymer, and this dispersion liquid is dispersed by a coater. It is realized by coating, forming, exposing and developing on the top.
- a black matrix may be formed between each color in order to prevent color mixing between display pixels.
- the polarizing layer 30 is formed on the wavelength conversion layer 32.
- the polarizing layer 30 preferably includes a dye-type polarizing element obtained by dyeing a PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) resin with a dichroic dye.
- the dye-based material preferably contains an azo compound and / or a salt thereof.
- R1 and R2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group, or a lower alkoxyl group, and n is an azo compound represented by 1 or 2, or a salt thereof.
- R1 and R2 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a methoxy group.
- R1 and R2 are hydrogen atoms.
- a material obtained in the following steps Add 13.7 parts of 4-aminobenzoic acid to 500 parts of water and dissolve with sodium hydroxide. The obtained material is cooled, 32 parts of 35% hydrochloric acid is added at 10 ° C. or lower, 6.9 parts of sodium nitrite is added, and the mixture is stirred at 5 to 10 ° C. for 1 hour. Thereto is added 20.9 parts of aniline- ⁇ -sodium methanesulfonate, and sodium carbonate is added to adjust the pH to 3.5 while stirring at 20-30 ° C. Furthermore, stirring is completed to complete the coupling reaction, and filtration is performed to obtain a monoazo compound. The obtained monoazo compound is stirred at 90 ° C. in the presence of sodium hydroxide to obtain 17 parts of a monoazo compound of the chemical formula (2).
- An ordinary polarizing element is an iodine-based polarizing element formed of a material dyed with resin and iodine compound.
- iodine and iodine compounds are vulnerable to heat and are altered by heating at about 100 ° C.
- a polarizing element using a dye is relatively resistant to heat and can be prevented from being altered by heating at about 130 ° C. Therefore, the polarizing layer 30 can be formed between the counter substrate 34 and the alignment film 24 without being affected by the film formation temperature when forming the alignment film 24 and the common electrode 26 described later.
- the water content of the polarizing layer 30 is 3% or less, preferably 1% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less. That is, by reducing the water content of the polarizing layer 30, it is possible to make it difficult for moisture contained in the polarizing layer 30 to reach the common electrode 26 and the liquid crystal layer 22.
- the water content is expressed as (weight of water in polarizing layer 30 / total weight of polarizing layer 30) ⁇ 100 (%).
- the water content can be measured by the Karl Fischer method.
- the moisture content in this embodiment means the moisture content measured by applying the Karl Fischer current titration method.
- the moisture content can be measured by attaching a moisture vaporizer (VA200) to a moisture analyzer (CA-200 or KF-200) manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech. Become.
- the heating weight change method is a method in which a sample whose weight has been measured with a precision balance or the like is heated to sufficiently evaporate moisture, and then the weight is measured again, and the moisture content is calculated by Equation (1). .
- the heating time varies depending on the size and state of the sample, but is, for example, 2 minutes at 120 ° C.
- the moisture content of the polarizing layer 30 can be reduced by applying an annealing treatment before or after the polarizing layer 30 is bonded to the wavelength conversion layer 32.
- the annealing treatment is preferably performed in a temperature range of 100 ° C. or higher and lower than 150 ° C.
- it is preferable that the annealing is performed in a state where the polarizing layer 30 is introduced into a vacuum chamber.
- polyvinyl alcohol is applied to polyethyl terephthalate (PET) equipment, and is immersed in warm water at 60 ° C. to swell. Thereafter, in the same manner as described above, it is dyed with an aqueous solution of a dichroic dye and stretched. Then, it bonds so that the PVA side may become a bonding surface on the opposing board
- the annealing treatment before the polarizing layer 30 is bonded to the wavelength conversion layer 32, it is possible to suppress deterioration of the characteristics of the wavelength conversion layer 32 and the like by heating.
- the barrier coat layer 28 and the common electrode 26 can be formed on the polarizing layer 30 immediately after the annealing treatment, and moisture is removed after the annealing. Reentry into the polarizing layer 30 can be suppressed.
- the moisture content is reduced by performing an annealing process on the polarizing layer 30, but the present invention is not limited to this, and any process that can reduce the moisture content may be used.
- the inside of the vacuum chamber into which the polarizing layer 30 is introduced may be vacuumed to be dried so as to reduce the moisture in the polarizing layer 30.
- a barrier coat layer 28 is formed on the polarizing layer 30.
- the barrier coat layer 28 is a layer having a function of making it difficult for moisture contained in the polarizing layer 30 to reach the common electrode 26 and the liquid crystal layer 22.
- the barrier coat layer 28 is preferably disposed between the polarizing layer 30 and the liquid crystal layer 22.
- the common electrode 26 is provided between the polarizing layer 30 and the liquid crystal layer 22, it is more preferable that the barrier coat layer 28 is disposed between the polarizing layer 30 and the common electrode 26.
- the barrier coat layer 28 can be an organic layer, an inorganic layer, or a hybrid layer that combines these layers.
- the barrier coat layer 28 it becomes difficult for moisture contained in the polarizing layer 30 to reach the common electrode 26 and the liquid crystal layer 22, and the deterioration of the common electrode 26 and the liquid crystal layer 22 due to moisture is suppressed. it can.
- the organic layer used as the barrier coat layer 28 preferably contains an acrylic material.
- the organic layer is advantageous in that it has better adhesion to the polarizing layer 30 than the inorganic layer and is easy to process.
- the acrylic resin layer can be constituted by curing a polymerizable resin composition containing at least a (meth) acrylate component and a photopolymerization initiator.
- the (meth) acrylate component contains (meth) acrylate (A) having a hydroxyl group, and further contains (meth) acrylate (B) optionally having three or more (meth) acrylate groups.
- (meth) acrylate represents acrylate and / or methacrylate.
- a (meth) acryloyl group shall represent an acryloyl group and / or a methacryloyl group.
- the total hydroxyl value excluding the solvent of the (meth) acrylate component is 100 to 200 mgKOH / g.
- the adhesion and adhesiveness of the acrylic resin layer to the polarizing layer 30 can be enhanced. Since the acrylic resin layer has good adhesion to the polarizing layer 30, excellent durability can be imparted to the polarizing layer 30.
- the (meth) acrylate component may further contain a (meth) acrylate compound having no hydroxyl group.
- the hydroxyl value in terms of solid content of the polymerizable resin composition can be determined by the following formula (2).
- the average molecular weight of the resin represents the average molecular weight of the (meth) acrylate mixture calculated from the molecular weight and blending ratio of each (meth) acrylate contained in the (meth) acrylate component.
- the average molecular weight can be calculated based on the blending ratio.
- hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate (A) examples include, for example, EHC-modified butyl acrylate (Nagase Sangyo Denacol DA-151), glycerol methacrylate (Nippon Bremer GLM), 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium chloride (Nippon Bremer QA), EO-modified phosphoric acid acrylate (Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., light ester PA), EO-modified phthalic acid acrylate (Osaka Organic Co., Ltd.
- EHC-modified butyl acrylate Nagase Sangyo Denacol DA-151
- glycerol methacrylate Nippon Bremer GLM
- 2-hydroxy-3-methacryloxypropyltrimethyl Ammonium chloride Nippon Bremer QA
- EO-modified phosphoric acid acrylate Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., light ester PA
- Biscoat 2308 EO, PO-modified phthalic acid methacrylate (Kyoeisha Chemical Co., Ltd., Light Ester HO), acrylated isocyanurate (Aronix M-215 manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd.), EO-modified bisphenol A diacrylate (epoxy ester 3000A manufactured by Kyoeisha Chemical), dipentaerythritol Hydroxypentaacrylate (Sartomer SR-399), Glycerol dimethacrylate (Nagase Sangyo Denacol DM-811), Glycerol acrylate (Nippon Blemmer GAM), Glycerol dimethacrylate (Nippon Blenmer GMR), ECH-modified glycerol Triacrylate (Nagase Sangyo, Denacol DA-314), ECH-modified 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate (Nippon Kayaku Kayrad R-167), pentaerythri
- the (meth) acrylate (A) having a hydroxyl group is preferably a polyfunctional (meth) acrylate, and is a (meth) acrylate having three or more (meth) acryloyl groups in addition to the hydroxyl group. More preferably.
- dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate 107 mgKOH / g
- the content of the hydroxyl group-containing (meth) acrylate (A) in the polymerizable resin composition is preferably 50 to 99% by weight, more preferably 70 to 99% in the solid content of the polymerizable resin composition. % By weight.
- the polymerizable resin composition may further contain (meth) acrylate (B) having three or more (meth) acryloyl groups.
- (meth) acrylate (B) having three or more (meth) acryloyl groups include pentaerythritol triacrylate (Nippon Kayaku Kayrad PET-30), pentaerythritol tetraacrylate (Nippon Kayaku Kayrad PET-40).
- Pentaerythritol tetramethacrylate (SR-367 manufactured by Sartomer), dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (Kayarad DPHA manufactured by Nippon Kayaku), dipentaerythritol monohydroxypentaacrylate (SR-399 manufactured by Sartomer), alkyl-modified dipentaerythritol pentaacrylate (Nippon Kayaku Kayarad D-310), alkyl-modified dipentaerythritol tetraacrylate (Nippon Kayaku Kayarad D-320), Alky Modified dipentaerythritol triacrylate (Nippon Kayaku Kayrad D-330), caprolactone-modified dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate (Nippon Kayaku Kayarad DPCA-20, Nippon Kayaku Kayalad DPCA-60, Nippon Kayaku Kayalad DPCA- 120), trimethylolpropane tri
- Tris (acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate Tris (acryloxyethyl) isocyanurate (Toagosei Co., Ltd., Aronix M315), epichlorohydrin (ECH) modified glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, ethylene oxide (EO) modified glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, propylene oxide (PO) modified glycerol tri (meth) acrylate, EO modified tri (meth) acrylate phosphate, Caprolactone-modified trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, EO-modified trimethylolpropane tri (meth) acrylate, PO-modified trimethylolpropant Re (meth) acrylate, silicone hexa (meth) acrylate, urethane acrylate which is a reaction product of diol, polyisocyanate and (meth) acrylate having hydroxyl group, polyfunctional (meth) acryl
- the content of the (meth) acrylate (B) having three or more (meth) acryloyl groups in the polymerizable resin composition is preferably 50 to 99% by weight in the solid content of the polymerizable resin composition, More preferably, it is 70 to 99% by weight.
- the average value of the number of (meth) acryloyl groups in the entire (meth) acrylate component is preferably 3 to 6.
- the average value of the number of (meth) acryloyl groups is within the above range, there is an effect that the hardness of the film is high, scratches are difficult to occur in the coating process, and durability of the polarizing layer 30 can be improved. is there.
- the (meth) acrylate component has (meth) acrylate (A) having a hydroxyl group and (meth) acrylate (B) having three or more (meth) acryloyl groups.
- other (meth) acrylates may be further contained in an arbitrary ratio.
- photopolymerization initiator examples include benzoins such as benzoin, benzoin methyl ether, benzoin ethyl ether, benzoin propyl ether, and benzoin isobutyl ether; acetophenone, 2,2-diethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone, 1,1-dichloro Acetophenone, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-phenylpropan-1-one, diethoxyacetophenone, 1-hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, and 2-methyl-1- [4- (methylthio) phenyl] -2-morpholinopropane-1 Acetophenones such as ON; anthraquinones such as 2-ethylanthraquinone, 2-t-butylanthraquinone, 2-chloroanthraquinone, and 2-amylanthraquinone; 2,4-diethylthioxan Thioxanthones such as styrene, 2-is
- the content of the photopolymerization initiator is preferably 0.5 to 10% by weight, more preferably 1 to 7% by weight in the solid content of the polymerizable resin composition.
- the photopolymerization initiator can be used in combination with a curing accelerator.
- the curing accelerator that can be used in combination include triethanolamine, diethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine, 2-methylaminoethylbenzoate, dimethylaminoacetophenone, p-dimethylaminobenzoic acid isoamino ester, amines such as EPA, and 2 -Hydrogen donors such as mercaptobenzothiazole.
- the use amount of the curing accelerator is preferably 0 to 5% by weight in the solid content of the polymerizable resin composition.
- the acrylic resin layer obtained by curing the polymerizable resin composition has a hydroxyl group, the adhesion with the triacetyl cellulose is improved and the adhesion with the polarizing layer 30 after the saponification treatment is improved. improves.
- the inorganic layer used as the barrier coat layer 28 preferably contains silicon oxide (SiOx) or silicon nitride (SiNx).
- the inorganic layer can be formed by sputtering, atomic layer deposition (ALD), or the like.
- the inorganic layer is advantageous in that the moisture permeability can be reduced even if the inorganic layer is thinner than the organic layer.
- the hybrid layer has a structure in which an organic layer and an inorganic layer are laminated.
- the barrier coat layer 28 as a hybrid layer, an effect obtained by combining the effect of the organic layer and the effect of the inorganic layer can be obtained.
- an organic layer is formed on the polarizing layer 30, an inorganic layer is laminated on the organic layer, thereby improving the adhesion between the organic layer and the polarizing layer 30 and the waterproofness of the inorganic layer.
- the function as the barrier coat layer 28 can be exhibited by a thinner layer.
- the barrier coat layer 28 has a thickness such that moisture contained in the polarizing layer 30 is difficult to reach the common electrode 26 and the liquid crystal layer 22.
- the film thickness of the barrier coat layer 28 is preferably 5 ⁇ m or less. More preferably, the thickness is 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the film thickness is preferably 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less.
- the organic layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m and the inorganic layer is preferably 50 nm to 500 nm.
- a ⁇ / 4 layer 40 is formed on the barrier coat layer 28, a ⁇ / 4 layer 40 is formed.
- the retardation Re of the ⁇ / 4 layer 40 is preferably 135 nm, and the slow axis is preferably 135 °. If the ⁇ / 4 layer 40 is too thick, the efficiency is likely to decrease due to light absorption. Accordingly, the film thickness of the ⁇ / 4 layer 40 is preferably 2 ⁇ m or less, and the transmittance of the ⁇ / 4 layer 40 is preferably larger than 10%.
- the polarized light of the light from the backlight 36 is converted to linearly polarized light by passing through the polarizing layer 30, and the linearly polarized light is converted to circularly polarized light by passing through the ⁇ / 4 layer 40.
- the circularly polarized light is converted into linearly polarized light by passing through the upper ⁇ / 4 plate 38, and the light converted into linearly polarized light passes through the polarizing plate 10 and is emitted to the outside of the liquid crystal display device 100.
- the ⁇ / 4 layer 40 is not formed, the light converted into the linearly polarized light by the polarizing layer 30 cannot pass through the upper ⁇ / 4 plate 38, and the light from the backlight 36 is displayed on the liquid crystal display. There arises a problem that it is not injected outside the apparatus 100. In order to cope with this, the light from the backlight 36 can be emitted to the outside of the liquid crystal display device 100 by forming the ⁇ / 4 layer 40.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 and the ⁇ / 4 layer 40 have the same wavelength dispersion characteristics. By matching the wavelength dispersion of the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 and the ⁇ / 4 layer 40, it is possible to emit the light from the liquid crystal display device 100 while maintaining the characteristics of the light that has passed through the liquid crystal layer 22.
- ⁇ / 4 layer 40 has an in-cell structure formed between the barrier coat layer 28 and the common electrode 26, a liquid crystal type ⁇ / 4 layer (for example, RM manufactured by Merck) is used. .
- the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 may be a liquid crystal type ⁇ / 4 layer or a film type ⁇ / 4 layer.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 and the ⁇ / 4 layer 40 are preferably made of a liquid crystalline polymer made of the same material.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate 38 and the polarizing plate 10 may be integrally formed to constitute one optical element. Further, the ⁇ / 4 layer 40 and the polarizing layer 30 may be integrally formed to constitute one optical element.
- the common electrode 26 is formed on the ⁇ / 4 layer 40.
- the common electrode 26 is a transparent electrode made of, for example, ITO (indium tin oxide).
- the alignment film 24 is formed on the common electrode 26.
- the alignment film 24 is a vertical alignment film made of a resin material such as polyimide.
- the pixel may be divided by changing the alignment direction in an area within one pixel by changing the light irradiation direction.
- the alignment direction may be determined by an oblique electric field by providing a slit in one or both of the pixel electrode and the display electrode without performing an alignment process such as rubbing or optical alignment (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 05-222282).
- the orientation may be controlled by forming protrusions (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 06-104044) on either or both of the display electrode and the common electrode.
- the liquid crystal layer 22 is sealed between the alignment film 20 and the alignment film 24 so that the alignment film 20 and the alignment film 24 face each other.
- a spacer (not shown) is inserted between the alignment film 20 and the alignment film 24, liquid crystal is injected between the alignment film 20 and the alignment film 24, and the periphery is sealed with a sealing material (not shown).
- the liquid crystal layer 22 is formed.
- liquid crystal As the liquid crystal, a so-called negative type nematic liquid crystal having a negative ⁇ (dielectric anisotropy) is used.
- This liquid crystal uses VA (white) and non-transmissive state (black) that express the transmissive state (white) and the non-transmissive state (black) by utilizing birefringence that is changed by vertically aligning the liquid crystal in the initial state and applying a voltage to tilt the liquid crystal.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 is a VA type liquid crystal display device.
- the initial alignment of the liquid crystal layer 22 is controlled in the direction perpendicular to the alignment films 20 and 24 by the alignment film 20 and the alignment film 24. Then, by applying a voltage between the display electrode 18 and the common electrode 26, an electric field is generated between the display electrode 18 and the common electrode 26, and the orientation of the liquid crystal layer 22 is controlled to transmit / not transmit light. Is controlled.
- the backlight 36 includes a light source that outputs light.
- the light source is preferably an LED, for example.
- the wavelength of light output from the backlight 36 is preferably light in a wavelength region that can be effectively used for wavelength conversion in the wavelength conversion layer 32.
- the backlight 36 is preferably a blue light source that outputs light in a wavelength region having a peak wavelength of 380 nm to 460 nm or a UV light source that outputs light in a wavelength region of 380 nm or less.
- the light utilization efficiency can be increased by converting the wavelength of the light from the backlight 36 in the wavelength conversion layer 32 and using it. Accordingly, energy efficiency in the liquid crystal display device 100 can be improved, and the liquid crystal display device 100 with low power consumption can be realized.
- the power consumption can be further reduced as compared with the case where a phosphor is used.
- the wavelength conversion layer 32 can be provided between the counter substrate 34 and the liquid crystal layer 22.
- the distance between the illuminant, the display electrode 18 and the TFT substrate 14 can be made shorter than before.
- the counter substrate 34 has a thickness of about 500 ⁇ m, and the wavelength conversion layer 32 is formed on the display electrode 18 by the thickness of the counter substrate 34 as compared with the case where the polarizing layer 30 is formed between the counter substrate 34 and the backlight 36. You can get closer. As a result, it is possible to reduce the margin of the distance between the pixels in order to avoid color mixing between the pixels. Therefore, the high-resolution liquid crystal display device 100 can be provided.
- the transmittance of light in a wavelength region of 460 nm or less from the polarizing plate 10 on the light incident side is 1% or more and 380 nm to 400 nm. It is preferable that the transmittance of at least one of the wavelength regions is 3% or more, and at least one of the transmittances of at least one of the wavelength regions of 400 nm to 430 nm is 5% or more. It is. In order to achieve such transmittance, the following configuration is preferable.
- the polarizing plate 10 preferably has a high light transmittance in a wavelength region of 460 nm or less. Specifically, the transmittance of at least one of the wavelength regions of 380 nm or less of the polarizing plate 10 is 1% or more, and the transmittance of at least one of the wavelength regions of 380 nm to 400 nm is 3%. As described above, it is preferable that at least one of the wavelength ranges of 400 nm to 430 nm satisfies at least one condition in which the transmittance is 5% or more.
- the polarizing layer 30 has a high light transmittance in a wavelength region of 460 nm or less. Specifically, the transmittance of at least one of the wavelength regions of 380 nm or less of the polarizing layer 30 is 1% or more, and the transmittance of at least one of the wavelengths of 380 nm to 400 nm is 3%. As described above, it is preferable that at least one of the wavelength ranges of 400 nm to 430 nm satisfies at least one condition in which the transmittance is 5% or more.
- the amount of the absorbent added to the light in the wavelength region of 460 nm or less may be reduced.
- the TAC serving as the base material of the polarizing plate 10 contains an absorber for a short wavelength region such as an ultraviolet absorber, the transmittance of light in a wavelength region of 460 nm or less is increased by reducing the amount of the absorber. be able to.
- the thickness of the alignment film 20 and / or the alignment film 24 is preferably 50 nm or less, and more preferably 5 nm or less. Thereby, the absorption of light in the wavelength region of 460 nm or less in the alignment film 20 and / or the alignment film 24 can be suppressed, and the transmittance in the wavelength region can be increased.
- the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 22 is preferably 4 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 3 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 2 ⁇ m or less. At this time, it is preferable to adjust the refractive index ⁇ n of the liquid crystal layer 22 in accordance with the film thickness of the liquid crystal layer 22 in order to set the retardation in the liquid crystal layer 22 to a suitable value.
- the refractive index ⁇ n is 0.1 when the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 22 is 4 ⁇ m, and the refractive index ⁇ n is 0 when the thickness of the liquid crystal layer 22 is 3 ⁇ m.
- the refractive index ⁇ n may be 0.2.
- the interlayer insulating film 16 is usually a UV curable organic film having a thickness of 1 to 2 ⁇ m, but the film thickness is preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or less. Further, the interlayer insulating film 16 may be omitted. Thereby, the transmittance of light in a short wavelength region of 460 nm or less can be increased.
- the interlayer insulating film 16 is preferably an inorganic film and has a thickness of 0.5 ⁇ m or less.
- the interlayer insulating film 16 may be a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 film) and the film thickness may be 100 nm. Thereby, the transmittance of light in a short wavelength region of 460 nm or less can be increased.
- the thickness of the TFT substrate 14 is preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 200 ⁇ m or less. It is also preferable to use borosilicate glass, quartz glass, sapphire glass or the like with few impurities as the TFT substrate 14. Thereby, the transmittance of light in a wavelength region of 460 nm or less can be increased.
- the display electrode 18 preferably has a film thickness of 50 nm or less, and more preferably 20 nm or less.
- the common electrode 26 preferably has a thickness of 50 nm or less, and more preferably 20 nm or less. Thereby, the transmittance of light in a wavelength region of 460 nm or less can be increased.
- TFT substrate structure in which the interlayer insulating film 16 is not provided in order to improve the transmittance of light of 460 nm or less.
- the effective display area (or the aperture ratio) that contributes to the display in the pixel pixel is reduced, but this method may be adopted when the external light utilization efficiency is further increased.
- the liquid crystal display device 100 having high contrast and excellent visibility even under outside light such as outdoors can be obtained.
- FIG. 2 shows a liquid crystal display device 200 according to the second embodiment.
- the barrier coat layer 28 in the first embodiment is omitted. Therefore, compared to the first embodiment, it is more susceptible to moisture, but one process can be omitted and the configuration is simplified.
- an absorption color filter that absorbs light having a wavelength longer than blue is generally used as the wavelength conversion layer 32 in the wavelength region of blue (B), and green (
- B blue
- G green
- the green (G) wavelength conversion material can convert light having a shorter wavelength than the green wavelength region into green, but can convert light having a longer wavelength than the green wavelength region into green. Can not. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the light in the red wavelength region that has passed through the wavelength conversion layer 32 due to the incidence of external light or the like is reflected from the light guide plate, the reflector on the back surface of the light guide plate, etc. When entering the region of the conversion material, there is a possibility that light in the red wavelength region is mixed with the green (G) display region.
- the green wavelength conversion material 32 a and the color filter 32 b that absorbs light in the red wavelength region are overlapped in the green (G) region of the wavelength conversion layer 32.
- FIG. 10 shows an example of the color filter 32b that absorbs light in the red wavelength region.
- a dye 42 that absorbs red may be mixed in the green wavelength conversion material 32a in the green (G) region of the wavelength conversion layer 32, as shown in FIG. .
- a wavelength conversion material that converts the incident light into green wavelength region light and outputs it converts the incident light into red wavelength region light.
- a configuration using a wavelength conversion material that is output is also employed.
- the wavelength conversion materials of blue (B) and green (G) can wavelength-convert light having a shorter wavelength than the blue and green wavelength regions, respectively, but have wavelengths longer than the blue and green wavelength regions.
- the wavelength of the light cannot be converted. Therefore, the light in the green and red wavelength regions that has passed through the wavelength conversion material region of the wavelength conversion layer 32 due to the incidence of external light or the like is reflected from the light guide plate, the reflection plate on the back surface of the light guide plate, etc.
- the green (G) wavelength conversion material region there is a risk that light in the green and red or red wavelength regions will be mixed in the blue (B) and green (G) regions.
- a blue wavelength conversion material 32c and a color filter that absorbs light in the green and red wavelength regions (blue color filter). ) 32d is superposed.
- the green wavelength conversion material 32a and the color filter 32b that absorbs light in the red wavelength region are superposed.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a color filter 32d that absorbs light in the green and red wavelength regions.
- the blue wavelength conversion material 32c absorbs green and red, respectively.
- the dye (blue dye) 44 and the green wavelength conversion material 32a may be mixed with a dye 42 that absorbs red.
- FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 show still another configuration.
- the wavelength conversion layer 32 when the above-described blue light source is used as a backlight, the wavelength conversion layer 32 generally absorbs light having a wavelength longer than blue in the blue (B) wavelength region.
- B blue
- G green
- a wavelength conversion material 32a that converts incident light into light in the green wavelength region and outputs it, and a color filter 32b that absorbs light in the red wavelength region are overlapped.
- the red light reflected by the polarizing layer 30 is mixed into the green (G) region of the wavelength conversion layer 32, it can be absorbed by the color filter 32b and can be prevented from affecting the viewing side. .
- the wavelength conversion layer 32 when the above-described UV light source is used as a backlight, as the wavelength conversion layer 32, the blue wavelength conversion material 32 c and the green color in the blue (B) region of the wavelength conversion layer 32 are used. A color filter (blue color filter) 32d that absorbs light in the red wavelength region is superposed. In the green (G) region of the wavelength conversion layer 32, the green wavelength conversion material 32a and the color filter 32b that absorbs light in the red wavelength region are superposed.
- the blue wavelength conversion material 32c absorbs green and red, respectively (blue pigment) and You may make it mix the pigment
- polarizing plate 10 polarizing plate, 12 negative C plate, 14 TFT substrate, 14a gate electrode, 14b gate insulating film, 14c semiconductor layer, 16 interlayer insulating film, 18 display electrode, 20 alignment film, 22 liquid crystal layer, 24 alignment film, 26 common electrode 28 barrier coat layer, 30 polarizing layer, 32 wavelength conversion layer, 34 counter substrate, 36 backlight, 38 ⁇ / 4 plate, 40 ⁇ / 4 layer, 100, 200 liquid crystal display device.
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Abstract
Description
第1の実施の形態における液晶表示装置100は、図1の断面模式図に示すように、偏光板10、ネガティブCプレート12、TFT基板14、層間絶縁膜16、表示電極18、配向膜(配向層)20、液晶層22、配向膜(配向層)24、共通電極26、バリアコート層28、偏光層30、波長変換層32、対向基板34、バックライト36、λ/4板38、及び、λ/4層40を含んで構成される。
(2)R1、R2が各々独立に水素原子、メチル基、メトキシ基のいずれかである(1)記載のアゾ化合物及びその塩。
(3)R1、R2が水素原子である(1)記載のアゾ化合物及びその塩。
きる。
図2に第2の実施の形態の液晶表示装置200を示す。この第2の実施の形態では、第1の実施の形態における、バリアコート層28が省略されている。従って、第1の実施の形態に比べ、水分の悪影響を受けやすくなるが、1つの工程を省略することができるとともに、構成が簡略化される。
バックライト36として、前述の青色光源を用いる場合、波長変換層32として、一般的に、青(B)の波長領域については青色より長い波長の光を吸収する吸収型カラーフィルターを用い、緑(G)の波長領域については入射光を緑色の波長領域の光に変換して出力する波長変換材料を用い、赤(R)の波長領域については入射光を赤色の波長領域の光に変換して出力する波長変換材料を用いる。
Claims (9)
- バックライトと、
前記バックライトからの光を受けて波長変換された光を出力する波長変換層と、
前記波長変換層よりも視認側に配置された液晶層と、
前記液晶層よりも視認側に配置された偏光板と、
前記波長変換層と前記液晶層との間に配置された偏光層と、
前記液晶層と前記偏光板との間に配置されたλ/4板と、
前記偏光層と前記液晶層との間に配置されたλ/4層と、
を有する液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記λ/4板と前記λ/4層は、同じ波長分散特性を有する、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1又は請求項2に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記偏光層と前記液晶層との間に、水分の透過を抑制するためのバリアコート層が設けられている、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - 請求項1から請求項3のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示装置であって、
前記λ/4層及び前記λ/4板は、同じ材質の液晶性高分子によって構成されている、
ことを特徴とする液晶表示装置。 - バックライトと、
前記バックライトからの光を受けて波長変換された光を出力する波長変換層と、
前記波長変換層よりも視認側に配置された液晶層と、
前記液晶層よりも視認側には配置された偏光板と、
前記波長変換層と前記液晶層との間に配置された偏光層と、
前記液晶層と前記偏光板との間に配置されたλ/4板と、
前記偏光層と前記液晶層との間に配置されたλ/4層と、
を有する液晶表示装置に使用される前記λ/4板からなる光学素子であって、
前記λ/4層と波長分散が同じであることを特徴とする光学素子。 - 請求項5に記載の光学素子であって、
前記偏光板を有し、
前記λ/4層と波長分散が同じである前記λ/4板と前記偏光板とが一体形成されたことを特徴とする光学素子。 - バックライトと、
前記バックライトからの光を受けて波長変換された光を出力する波長変換層と、
前記波長変換層よりも視認側に配置された液晶層と、
前記液晶層よりも視認側に配置された偏光板と、
前記波長変換層と前記液晶層との間に配置された偏光層と、
前記液晶層と前記偏光板との間に配置されたλ/4板と、
前記偏光層と前記液晶層との間に配置されたλ/4層と、
を有する液晶表示装置に使用される前記λ/4層からなる光学素子であって、
前記λ/4板と波長分散が同じであることを特徴とする光学素子。 - 請求項7に記載の光学素子であって、
前記偏光層を有し、
前記λ/4板と波長分散が同じである前記λ/4層と前記偏光層とが一体形成されたことを特徴とする光学素子。 - 請求項5から請求項8のいずれか一項に記載の光学素子であって、
前記λ/4層と前記λ/4板は、同じ材質の液晶性高分子によって構成されている、
ことを特徴とする光学素子。
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- 2018-04-04 WO PCT/JP2018/014485 patent/WO2018198700A1/ja active Application Filing
- 2018-04-04 CN CN201880027825.9A patent/CN110573950A/zh active Pending
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