WO2018196542A1 - 一种主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂及其制备方法与应用 - Google Patents

一种主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂及其制备方法与应用 Download PDF

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WO2018196542A1
WO2018196542A1 PCT/CN2018/080998 CN2018080998W WO2018196542A1 WO 2018196542 A1 WO2018196542 A1 WO 2018196542A1 CN 2018080998 W CN2018080998 W CN 2018080998W WO 2018196542 A1 WO2018196542 A1 WO 2018196542A1
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acrylate
acid
copper
parts
weight
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PCT/CN2018/080998
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张广照
马春风
潘健森
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华南理工大学
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Priority to SG11201909608Q priority Critical patent/SG11201909608QA/en
Publication of WO2018196542A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018196542A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F283/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F283/02Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polycarbonates or saturated polyesters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F283/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
    • C08F283/01Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to unsaturated polyesters
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08FMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
    • C08F8/00Chemical modification by after-treatment
    • C08F8/44Preparation of metal salts or ammonium salts
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D5/00Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
    • C09D5/16Antifouling paints; Underwater paints
    • C09D5/1606Antifouling paints; Underwater paints characterised by the anti-fouling agent
    • C09D5/1637Macromolecular compounds

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of marine antifouling materials, relates to a polyacrylic acid copper resin for marine antifouling coatings, in particular to a main chain degradable polyacrylic acid copper resin and a preparation method and application thereof; the resin is used for preparation Marine antifouling paint.
  • the self-polishing marine antifouling coating is the most commercial, mature and longest service life.
  • Resins for mainstream self-polishing antifouling coatings include polyacrylic acid silane ester resins, polyacrylic acid zinc resins and polyacrylic acid copper resins.
  • the copper ester bond is more unstable than the silicon ester bond and the zinc ester bond, so the rate of hydrolysis under the attack of seawater is faster.
  • the copper ions formed after hydrolysis of the copper ester bond have antifouling and bactericidal properties.
  • the existing self-polishing technology is mainly a side chain hydrolysis type, and its performance has certain requirements on the sailing period and the speed.
  • the static antifouling effect is not good.
  • the polymer main chain leaves the surface of the coating and enters the seawater, because it can not be degraded, resulting in marine micro-plastic pollution, which will seriously threaten the stability and safety of the marine ecosystem in the long run.
  • the introduction of a degradable polyester structure into the main chain of the polyacrylic acid copper resin is expected to produce an efficient and long-life antifouling coating resin.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a main chain degradable polyacrylic acid copper resin having a polyester structure and a copper chain linkage in a side chain, in view of the deficiencies of the resin materials and techniques for the marine antifouling coating.
  • the main chain degraded polyacrylic acid copper resin can not only meet the static antifouling demand of the ocean, but also solve the problem of marine microplastic pollution.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing a copper acrylate resin which is degraded by the above-mentioned main chain.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an application of the above-described main chain degradable polyacrylic acid copper resin.
  • the main chain degradable polyacrylic acid copper resin is used for preparing a marine antifouling paint.
  • a main chain degradable polyacrylic acid copper resin prepared from the following components by weight:
  • 100 parts of the acrylate prepolymer is based on the total amount of monomers (cyclic monomer, vinyl monomer, (meth)acrylic acid) reacted in the acrylate prepolymer)
  • the copper-containing compound is one or more selected from the group consisting of copper oxide, copper hydroxide, copper chloride, copper acetate, and copper propionate.
  • the monocarboxylic acid is acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, benzoic acid, n-octanoic acid, isooctanoic acid, stearic acid, isostearic acid, naphthenic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, oil One or more of acid, palmitic acid, and rosin acid.
  • the acrylate prepolymer is mainly prepared from the following components:
  • Acrylic acid means methacrylic acid or acrylic acid.
  • the solvent is one or more of a hydrocarbon solvent, an alcohol solvent, a ketone solvent, and an ester solvent;
  • the hydrocarbon solvent is one or more of toluene and xylene;
  • the alcohol solvent is one or more of isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, and propylene glycol methyl ether;
  • the ketone solvent is A One or more of ethyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and cyclohexanone;
  • the ester solvent is one or more of ethyl acetate and butyl acetate;
  • the cyclic monomer is one or more of the following compounds 1 to 38: (1) glycolide, (2) lactide, (3) ⁇ -caprolactone, (4) 2-methyl- ⁇ -caprolactone, (5) 2-chloro- ⁇ -caprolactone, (6) ⁇ -butyrolactone, (7) ⁇ -valerolactone, (8) ⁇ -valerolactone, (9) carbonic acid Vinyl ester, (10) propylene carbonate, (11) trimethylene ring carbonate, (12) 2,2-dimethyltrimethylene carbonate, (13) 2-methyl-2-oxazoline , (14) 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, (15) ethylene oxide, (16) propylene oxide, (17) epichlorohydrin, (18) ⁇ -glycidyloxypropyl trimethyl Oxysilane, (19) 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane, (20) 2-methylene-4-phenyl-1,3-dioxolane, (21) 2-methylene-4-alkyl-1
  • the vinyl monomers are acrylates, methacrylates, hydroxy-terminated acrylates, terminal hydroxyl methacrylates, acrylic cyclic hydrocarbon esters, methacrylic cyclic hydrocarbon esters, acrylic acid More than one of polyolefin diol esters and methacrylic acid polyolefin diol esters;
  • the acrylates are methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, 2-methoxyethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, isopropyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, tert-butyl acrylate, octyl acrylate, More than one of isooctyl acrylate, lauryl acrylate, and stearic acid acrylate;
  • the methacrylates are methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, 2-methoxyethyl methacrylate, propyl methacrylate, isopropyl methacrylate, n-butyl methacrylate, One or more of isobutyl methacrylate, t-butyl methacrylate, octyl methacrylate, isooctyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, and stearyl stearate;
  • the terminal hydroxyl group acrylate is one or more of hydroxyethyl acrylate or hydroxypropyl acrylate;
  • the terminal hydroxyl group methacrylate is one or more of hydroxyethyl methacrylate and hydroxypropyl methacrylate;
  • the cyclic hydrocarbon ester of acrylic acid is one or more of phenyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, 4-methylcyclohexyl acrylate, and 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl acrylate;
  • the cyclic hydrocarbon ester of methacrylic acid is one or more of phenyl methacrylate, cyclohexyl methacrylate, 4-methylcyclohexyl methacrylate, and 4-tert-butylcyclohexyl methacrylate;
  • the polyolefin diol acrylates are polyethylene glycol acrylates; wherein the degree of polymerization of the polyethylene glycol is preferably from 1 to 10.
  • the polyolefin diol methacrylate is polyethylene glycol methacrylate; wherein the degree of polymerization of polyethylene glycol is preferably from 1 to 10.
  • the initiator is phosphazene, phosphazene salt, phosphazene oxide, azobisisobutyronitrile, azobisisovaleronitrile, benzoyl peroxide, di-tert-butyl peroxide, peroxy-2-ethyl peroxide More than one of t-butyl hexanoate;
  • the component further comprises a low molecular alcohol or a low molecular amine or a telogen, and the low molecular alcohol or low molecular amine or telogen is compounded with an initiator;
  • the low molecular weight alcohol is one or more of aliphatic or aromatic alcohols having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the low molecular amine is one or more of aliphatic or aromatic amines having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
  • the total weight fraction of the initiator and the low molecular alcohol or low molecular amine is from 0.01 to 10 parts.
  • the telogen is n-dodecyl mercaptan, tert-dodecyl mercaptan, isooctyl 3-mercaptopropionate, ethylhexyl propionate 3-mercaptopropionate, tetrakis(3-mercaptopropionic acid)
  • quaternary tetraol ester and ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer One or more of ⁇ -methylstyrene dimer and n-dodecyl mercaptan are preferable.
  • the telogen is used in an amount of 0.5 to 5 parts by weight, and the weight ratio of the telogen to the initiator is (0.5 to 5): (0.01 to 10).
  • the organic solvent is a hydrocarbon solvent, preferably one or more of toluene and xylene;
  • the preparation method of the main chain degradation type polyacrylic acid copper resin comprises the following steps:
  • the main chain-degradable copper acrylate resin has a copper element content of 1 to 20%, preferably 5 to 10%.
  • the number average molecular weight Mn (measured by GPC using polystyrene as a standard) of the main chain-degradable copper acrylate resin is 3,000 to 50,000, preferably 3,000 to 30,000.
  • the main chain-degradable copper acrylate resin has an acid value of 50 to 350 mgKOH/g, preferably 70 to 250 mgKOH/g.
  • the main chain degraded polyacrylic acid copper resin is used for preparing a marine antifouling paint.
  • the invention provides a main chain degradable polyacrylic acid copper resin whose structure is a random copolymer composed of a polyester segment, a vinyl monomer and a vinyl copper ester unit, which is prepared by a post-grafting method.
  • the invention introduces a degradable polyester segment into the main chain of the polyacrylic acid copper resin, so that the material involved can be degraded in addition to the side chain copper ester bond under the attack of seawater, and the main chain polyester structure can also be degraded.
  • the purpose of synergistic hydrolysis and degradation rate is achieved, and the application requirements of static antifouling are met.
  • the material can eventually degrade into small molecules, solving the problem of marine microplastic pollution.
  • the present invention introduces a cyclic monomer into a polyacrylic acid copper resin, and prepares a main chain degradable self-polishing resin material having a polyester chain in a main chain and a copper ester bond in a side chain; the obtained resin is in addition to a side chain.
  • the copper ester bond can be hydrolyzed under the attack of seawater, and the polyester chain segment of the main chain can also be degraded, thereby solving the dependence of the traditional self-polishing material on the speed.
  • the surface of the coating can also be self-degraded by hydrolysis degradation. Updated to effectively regulate the release of the antifouling agent at a constant rate, ensuring the retention of the active material on the surface of the ship or marine equipment coating, and well meeting the antifouling requirements of ships with low speeds and offshore oil platforms;
  • the material provided by the invention can be uniformly and thoroughly polished because the main side chain can be broken under the attack of seawater, so that the surface of the coating maintains low roughness during the sailing, and the sailing resistance is reduced, and the material is excellent. Drag reduction performance;
  • the present invention can also add different kinds and different contents of vinyl monomers in the copolymerization to regulate the glass transition temperature and mechanical properties of the materials, and at the same time improve the solubility of the materials in the solvent commonly used for marine coatings.
  • the preparation method provided by the invention is simple and feasible, has low cost, and is suitable for industrial production, and the prepared polyacrylic acid copper resin has a good development prospect in the field of marine antifouling coating.
  • the number average molecular weight M n of the resin was 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 g/mol
  • the copper content was 13.2%
  • the acid value was 233 mgKOH/g
  • the shallow sea hanging plate experiment was carried out, and no sea creature growth was observed for 12 months.
  • Isooctyl acrylate 10 parts by weight of hydroxyethyl acrylate, 20 parts by weight of 2-ethyl-2-oxazoline, 10 parts by weight of acrylic acid, 0.02 parts by weight of methanol and n-hexane solution of t-BuP 4 (containing 0.04 parts by weight) a mixture of t-BuP 4 ), after the addition is completed, the mixture is kept for 4 hours to obtain an acrylate prepolymer;
  • the number average molecular weight M n of the resin was 1.5 ⁇ 10 4 g/mol
  • the copper content was 6.8%
  • the acid value was 121 mgKOH/g
  • the shallow sea hanging plate experiment was carried out, and no sea creature growth was observed for 10 months.
  • a number average molecular weight M n of resin is 2.0 ⁇ 10 4 g / mol, a copper content of 5.2%, an acid value of 91mgKOH / g, for shallow plate hanging experiment, eight months without growth of marine organisms.
  • the number average molecular weight M n of the resin was 9.5 ⁇ 10 3 g/mol
  • the copper content was 3.9%
  • the acid value was 70 mgKOH/g
  • the shallow sea hanging plate experiment was carried out, and no sea creature growth was observed for 6 months.
  • the number average molecular weight M n of the resin was 1.7 ⁇ 10 4 g / mol
  • the copper content was 7.2%
  • the acid value was 127 mg KOH / g
  • the shallow sea hanging plate experiment was carried out, and no marine growth was carried out for 10 months.
  • the resin has a number average molecular weight M n of 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 g/mol, a copper content of 10.3%, an acid value of 182 mgKOH/g, a shallow sea hanging plate experiment in Sanya sea area, and no sea life growth in 12 months.

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Abstract

本发明属于海洋防污材料的技术领域,公开了一种主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂及其制备方法与应用。所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂由以下按重量份数计的组分制备而成:丙烯酸酯预聚物100份,含铜化合物5~50份,一元羧酸0~75份,有机溶剂5~150份;所述丙烯酸酯预聚物,主要由以下组分制备而成:溶剂、环状单体、乙烯基单体、(甲基)丙烯酸、引发剂。本发明的树脂侧链铜酯键和主链聚酯链段能在海水的进攻下水解,解决了传统自抛光材料对航速的依赖性,在静态海水中能通过水解降解作用使涂层表面自更新,有效调控防污剂以恒定的速率释放,满足低航速的船舶以及海上采油平台等设施的防污要求;具有优良的减阻性能。

Description

一种主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂及其制备方法与应用 技术领域
本发明属于海洋防污材料技术领域,涉及一种海洋防污涂料用聚丙烯酸铜树脂,特别是涉及一种主链可降解的聚丙烯酸铜树脂及其制备方法与应用;所述树脂用于制备海洋防污涂料。
背景技术
近年来,有限的陆地资源被过度开采,人们逐渐将目光和足迹转向海洋,因此也掀起了一股海洋热。但是严重的海生物污损问题横亘在人们的面前,一直困扰着世界各国的科研人员。目前,涂装自抛光海洋防污涂料是商用程度最高、技术最成熟、使用寿命最长的手段。主流自抛光防污涂料用的树脂包括聚丙烯酸硅烷酯树脂、聚丙烯酸锌树脂和聚丙烯酸铜树脂三类。其中,铜酯键相比硅酯键和锌酯键更加不稳定,因此在海水的进攻下水解的速率更快。此外,铜酯键水解后生成的铜离子具有防污杀菌的效能。
然而现有自抛光技术主要是侧链水解型的,其性能的发挥对航期和航速都有一定的要求。在静止阶段,仅靠海水的冲刷很难达到理想的自抛光效果,因此静态防污效果不佳。不仅如此,侧链水解后,高分子主链脱离涂层表面进入海水中,因其不能被降解,造成海洋微塑料污染,长此以往会严重威胁着海洋生态系统的稳定与安全。在聚丙烯酸铜树脂的主链中引入可降解的聚酯结构,有望制备出一种高效且使用寿命长的防污涂料用树脂。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对现有海洋防污涂料用树脂材料和技术的不足,提供了一种主链含有聚酯结构,侧链含铜酯键的主链可降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂。所述的主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂不仅可以满足海洋静态防污需求,而且同时解决海洋微塑料污染问题。
本发明另一目的在于提供由上述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于提供上述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的应用。所述 主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂用于制备海洋防污涂料。
本发明的目的通过下述技术方案实现:
一种主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂,由以下按重量份数计的组分制备而成:
Figure PCTCN2018080998-appb-000001
所述丙烯酸酯预聚物的100份是以丙烯酸酯预聚物中反应的单体(环状单体、乙烯基单体、(甲基)丙烯酸)总量计)
所述含铜化合物为氧化铜、氢氧化铜、氯化铜、乙酸铜、丙酸铜中的一种以上。
所述一元羧酸为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、苯甲酸、正辛酸、异辛酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、环烷酸、衣康酸、马来酸、油酸、棕榈酸、松香酸中的一种以上。
所述丙烯酸酯预聚物,主要由以下组分制备而成:
50~100重量份溶剂、5~95重量份环状单体、0~95重量份乙烯基单体、5~30重量份(甲基)丙烯酸、0.01~10重量份引发剂;所述(甲基)丙烯酸表示甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸。
所述溶剂为烃类溶剂、醇类溶剂、酮类溶剂、酯类溶剂中的一种以上;
所述烃类溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯中的一种以上;所述醇类溶剂为异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、丙二醇甲醚中的一种以上;所述酮类溶剂为甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基甲酮、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮中的一种以上;所述酯类溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯的一种以上;
所述环状单体为以下1~38化合物中一种或多种:(1)乙交酯、(2)丙交酯、(3)ε-己内酯、(4)2–甲基–ε-己内酯、(5)2–氯–ε–己内酯、(6)γ-丁内酯、(7)δ-戊内酯、(8)γ-戊内酯、(9)碳酸乙烯酯、(10)碳酸丙烯酯、(11)三亚甲基环碳酸酯、(12)2,2-二甲基三亚甲基环碳酸酯、(13)2-甲基-2-噁唑啉、(14)2-乙基-2-噁唑啉、(15)环氧乙烷、(16)环氧丙烷、(17)环氧氯丙烷、(18)γ-缩水甘油醚氧丙基三甲氧基硅烷、(19)2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧环 戊烷、(20)2-亚甲基-4-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、(21)2-亚甲基-4-烷基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、(22)2,4-二亚甲基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、(23)2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧-4,5-苯并环戊烷、(24)2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧环己烷、(25)2,5-二亚甲基-1,3-二氧环己烷、(26)2-亚甲基-5-苯基-1,3-二氧环己烷、(27)2-亚甲基-4-烷基-1,3-二氧环己烷、(28)2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧环庚烷、(29)2-亚甲基-5-烷基-1,3-二氧环庚烷、(30)2-亚甲基-4,7-二甲基-1,3-二氧环庚烷、(31)2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧-5,6-苯并环庚烷、(32)2-亚甲基-5-苯基-1,3-二氧环庚烷、(33)2-乙叉-1,3-二氧环庚烷、(34)2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧-5-环庚烯、(35)2-乙叉-4-烷基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、(36)2-乙叉-1,3-二氧环己烷、(37)2-烯丙叉-4-苯基-1,3-二氧环戊烷、(38)2-乙叉-1,3-二氧-5,6-苯并环庚烷中的一种或多种;
1~38化合物的环状单体结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2018080998-appb-000002
Figure PCTCN2018080998-appb-000003
其中,m=1-12表示m为1~12的整数。
所述乙烯基单体为丙烯酸酯类,甲基丙烯酸酯类,端羟基的丙烯酸酯类,端羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯类,丙烯酸环状烃酯类,甲基丙烯酸环状烃酯类,丙烯酸聚烯烃二醇酯类,甲基丙烯酸聚烯烃二醇酯类中一种以上;
丙烯酸酯类为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸硬脂酸酯中一种以上;
甲基丙烯酸酯类为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸辛酯、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂酸酯中一种以上;
端羟基的丙烯酸酯类为丙烯酸羟乙酯或丙烯酸羟丙酯中一种以上;
端羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯类为甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯中一种以上;
丙烯酸环状烃酯类为丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸环己基酯、丙烯酸-4-甲基环己基酯、丙烯酸-4-叔丁基环己基酯中一种以上;
甲基丙烯酸环状烃酯类为甲基丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸环己基酯、甲基丙烯酸-4-甲基环己基酯、甲基丙烯酸-4-叔丁基环己基酯中一种以上;
丙烯酸聚烯烃二醇酯类为丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯;其中聚乙二醇的聚合度优选为1~10。
甲基丙烯酸聚烯烃二醇酯类为甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯;其中聚乙二醇的聚合度优选为1~10。
所述引发剂为磷腈、磷腈盐、氧化磷腈、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异戊腈、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化二叔丁基、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯中的一种以上;
所述丙烯酸酯预聚物在制备时,所述组分还包括低分子醇或低分子胺或调聚剂,所述低分子醇或低分子胺或调聚剂与引发剂复配;
所述低分子醇为含碳原子1~12的脂肪族或芳香族醇中的一种或以上。
所述低分子胺为含碳原子1~12的脂肪族或芳香族胺中的一种或以上。
所述引发剂与低分子醇或低分子胺的总重量份数为0.01~10份。
所述调聚剂为正十二烷基硫醇、叔十二烷基硫醇、3-巯基丙酸异辛酯、3-巯基丙酸乙基己醇酯、四(3-巯基丙酸)季茂四醇酯、α-甲基苯乙烯二聚体的一种或以上。优选α-甲基苯乙烯二聚体、正十二烷基硫醇中一种以上。
所述调聚剂的用量为0.5~5重量份,所述调聚剂与引发剂的重量比为(0.5~5):(0.01~10)。
所述有机溶剂为烃类溶剂,优选为甲苯、二甲苯中的一种以上;
所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)丙烯酸酯预聚物的合成:
在惰性气体中,以50~100重量份溶剂为反应介质,在0.01~10重量份引发剂的作用下,将5~95重量份环状单体、0~95重量份乙烯基单体和5~30重量份(甲基)丙烯酸,于70~120℃反应5~18小时,得到丙烯酸酯预聚物;
(2)聚丙烯酸铜树脂的合成:
以5~150重量份有机溶剂为反应介质,将100重量份丙烯酸酯预聚物、5~50重量份含铜化合物与0~75重量份一元羧酸于70~180℃反应4~10小时,得到聚丙烯酸铜树脂。
所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的铜元素含量为1~20%,优选5~10%。
所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的数均分子量Mn(以聚苯乙烯为标样,通过GPC测定)为3000~50000,优选3000~30000。
所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂酸值为50~350mgKOH/g,优选70~250mgKOH/g。
所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂用于制备海洋防污涂料。
本发明提供的一种主链可降解的聚丙烯酸铜树脂,其结构是由聚酯链段、乙烯基单体和乙烯基铜酯单元组成的无规共聚物,通过后接枝法制备得到。本发明在聚丙烯酸铜树脂主链中引入可降解的聚酯链段,使所涉及的材料除了侧链铜酯键在海水的进攻下能水解之外,主链聚酯结构也能发生降解,通过调节铜含量和环状单体的含量,达到协同水解和降解速度的目的,满足静态防污的应用需要。同时,随着水解和降解的不断进行,材料最终能降解成小分子,解决海洋微塑料污染的问题。
本发明相比于现有技术,具有以下优点和突出效果:
(1)本发明在聚丙烯酸铜树脂中引入环状单体,制备了主链含有聚酯链段,侧链含有铜酯键的主链降解型自抛光树脂材料;所得到的树脂除了侧链铜酯键能在海水的进攻下水解外,主链聚酯链段也能发生降解,从而解决传统自抛光材料对航速的依赖性,在静态海水中也能通过水解降解作用使涂层表面自更新,从而有效调控防污剂以恒定的速率释放,保证了活性物质在船舶或海洋设备涂层表面的保持,很好地满足低航速的船舶以及海上采油平台等设施的防污要求;
(2)本发明提供的材料由于主侧链均可在海水的进攻下断裂,因此能均匀并彻底抛光,使得船舶在航行期间涂层表面保持较低的粗糙度,减少航行阻力,赋予材料优良的减阻性能;
(3)本发明还可以在共聚合中加入不同种类和不同含量的乙烯基单体以调控材料的玻璃化转变温度和力学性能,同时改善材料在船舶涂料常用溶剂中的 溶解性。
(4)本发明提供的制备方法简单可行,成本较低,适合工业化生产,制备的聚丙烯酸铜树脂在海洋防污涂层领域具有很好的发展前景。
具体实施方式
下面结合具体实施例对本发明作进一步详细描述,但本发明的实施方式不限于此。
实施例1
(1)在反应容器中,加入64重量份甲基异丁基酮和16重量份正丁醇,氮气氛围下加热至90℃,3小时滴加由25重量份丙烯酸硬脂酸酯、40重量份甲基丙烯酸乙酯、15重量份2-亚甲基-5-苯基-1,3-二氧环庚烷、20重量份丙烯酸、4重量份过氧化二叔丁基和2重量份四(3-巯基丙酸)季茂四醇酯组成的混合物,滴加完毕后,保温4小时,得到丙烯酸酯预聚物;
(2)向步骤(1)的丙烯酸酯预聚物中加入58.2重量份丙酸铜、16.7重量份乙酸和100重量份二甲苯,于130℃反应8小时,得到聚丙烯酸铜树脂(绿色透明的树脂溶液)。
本实施例中树脂数均分子量M n为1.0×10 4g/mol,铜含量为13.2%,酸值为233mgKOH/g,进行浅海挂板实验,12个月无海生物生长。
实施例2
(1)在反应容器中,加入64重量份二甲苯和16重量份丙二醇甲醚,氮气氛围下加热至95℃,3小时滴加由20重量份甲基丙烯酸环己酯、40重量份甲基丙烯酸异辛脂、10重量份丙烯酸羟乙酯、20重量份2-乙基-2-噁唑啉、10重量份丙烯酸、0.02重量份甲醇和t-BuP 4的正己烷溶液(含有0.04重量份的t-BuP 4)组成的混合物,滴加完毕后,保温4小时,得到丙烯酸酯预聚物;
(2)向步骤(1)的丙烯酸酯预聚物中加入11.1重量份氧化铜、20.0重量份异辛酸和60重量份二甲苯,于140℃反应8小时,得到聚丙烯酸铜树脂(绿色透明的树脂溶液)。
本实施例中树脂数均分子量M n为1.5×10 4g/mol,铜含量为6.8%,酸值为121mgKOH/g,进行浅海挂板实验,10个月无海生物生长。
实施例3
(1)在反应容器中,加入80重量份二甲苯,氮气氛围下加热至100℃,3小时滴加由10重量份甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯(聚合度为9)、10重量份甲基丙烯酸丁酯、10重量份丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯、40重量份丙烯酸酯、20重量份γ-戊内酯、10重量份甲基丙烯酸、0.01重量份二乙二醇和t-BuP 4的正己烷(含0.04重量份t-BuP 4)组成的混合物,滴加完毕后,保温4小时,得到丙烯酸酯预聚物;
(2)向步骤(1)的丙烯酸酯预聚物中加入11.33重量份氢氧化铜、35.1重量份松香酸和80重量份二甲苯,于140℃反应8小时,得到聚丙烯酸铜树脂(绿色透明的树脂)。
本实施例中树脂数均分子量M n为2.0×10 4g/mol,铜含量为5.2%,酸值为91mgKOH/g,进行浅海挂板实验,8个月无海生物生长。
实施例4
(1)在反应容器中,加入64重量份丙二醇甲醚和16重量份乙酸丁酯,氮气氛围下加热至100℃,3小时滴加由25重量份甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯(聚合度为9)、40重量份丙烯酸乙酯、30重量份2-亚甲基-1,3-二氧-4,5-苯并环戊烷、5重量份丙烯酸、2重量份偶氮二异丁腈、2重量份偶氮二异戊腈和1重量份正十二烷基硫醇组成的混合物,滴加完毕后,保温4小时,得到丙烯酸酯预聚物;
(2)向步骤(1)的丙烯酸酯预聚物中加入11.8重量份氯化铜、4.2重量份乙酸和20重量份二甲苯,于120℃反应8小时,得到聚丙烯酸铜树脂(绿色透明的树脂溶液)。
本实施例中树脂数均分子量M n为9.5×10 3g/mol,铜含量为3.9%,酸值为70mgKOH/g,进行浅海挂板实验,6个月无海生物生长。
实施例5
(1)在反应容器中,加入64重量份乙酸乙酯和16重量份丙酮,氮气氛围下加热至90℃,3小时滴加由10重量份丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯(聚合度为9)、10重量份丙烯酸环己酯、30重量份甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、35重量份2-亚甲基-4-丁基-1,3-二氧环己烷、15重量份丙烯酸、4.5重量份过氧化苯甲酰和0.5重量份3- 巯基丙酸异辛酯组成的混合物,滴加完毕后,保温4小时,得到丙烯酸酯预聚物;
(2)向步骤(1)的丙烯酸酯预聚物中加入37.7重量份乙酸铜、70.8重量份环烷酸(酸值165)和150重量份二甲苯,于130℃反应8小时,得到聚丙烯酸铜树脂(绿色透明的树脂溶液)。
本实施例中树脂数均分子量M n为1.7×10 4g/mol,铜含量为7.2%,酸值为127mgKOH/g,进行浅海挂板实验,10个月无海生物生长。
实施例6
(1)在反应容器中,加入64重量份二甲苯和16重量份正丁醇,氮气氛围下加热至90℃,3小时滴加由40重量份甲基丙烯酸乙酯、20重量份甲基丙烯酸甲酯、20重量份δ-戊内酯、20重量份甲基丙烯酸、0.1重量份乙醇和t-BuP 4的正己烷溶液(含有0.04重量份t-BuP 4)组成的混合物,滴加完毕后,保温4小时,得到丙烯酸酯预聚物;
(2)向步骤(1)的丙烯酸酯预聚物中加入42.2重量份乙酸铜、28.4重量份苯甲酸和100重量份二甲苯,于130℃反应8小时,得到聚丙烯酸铜树脂(绿色透明的树脂溶液)。
本实施例中树脂数均分子量M n为1.0×10 4g/mol,铜含量为10.3%,酸值为182mgKOH/g,在三亚海域进行浅海挂板实验,12个月无海生物生长。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂,其特征在于:由以下按重量份数计的组分制备而成:
    Figure PCTCN2018080998-appb-100001
    所述丙烯酸酯预聚物的100份是以丙烯酸酯预聚物中反应的单体总量计;
    所述丙烯酸酯预聚物,主要由以下组分制备而成:
    50~100重量份溶剂、5~95重量份环状单体、0~95重量份乙烯基单体、5~30重量份(甲基)丙烯酸、0.01~10重量份引发剂;所述(甲基)丙烯酸表示甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂,其特征在于:所述含铜化合物为氧化铜、氢氧化铜、氯化铜、乙酸铜、丙酸铜中的一种以上;
    所述一元羧酸为丙烯酸、甲基丙烯酸、甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、苯甲酸、正辛酸、异辛酸、硬脂酸、异硬脂酸、环烷酸、衣康酸、马来酸、油酸、棕榈酸、松香酸中的一种以上。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂,其特征在于:
    所述环状单体为以下结构式1~38中一种以上,
    Figure PCTCN2018080998-appb-100002
    Figure PCTCN2018080998-appb-100003
    其中m=1-12表示m为1~12的整数;
    所述乙烯基单体为丙烯酸酯类,甲基丙烯酸酯类,端羟基的丙烯酸酯类,端羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯类,丙烯酸环状烃酯类,甲基丙烯酸环状烃酯类,丙烯酸聚烯烃二醇酯类,甲基丙烯酸聚烯烃二醇酯类中一种以上。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂,其特征在于:丙烯酸酯类为丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸异丙酯、丙烯酸正丁酯、丙烯酸异丁酯、丙烯酸叔丁酯、丙烯酸辛酯、丙烯酸异辛酯、丙烯酸月桂酯、丙烯酸硬脂酸酯中一种以上;
    甲基丙烯酸酯类为甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸-2-甲氧基乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丙酯、甲基丙烯酸异丙酯、甲基丙烯酸正丁酯、甲基丙烯酸异丁酯、甲基丙烯酸叔丁酯、甲基丙烯酸辛酯、甲基丙烯酸异辛酯、甲基丙烯酸月桂酯、甲基丙烯酸硬脂酸酯中一种以上;
    端羟基的丙烯酸酯类为丙烯酸羟乙酯或丙烯酸羟丙酯中一种以上;
    端羟基的甲基丙烯酸酯类为甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、甲基丙烯酸羟丙酯中一种以上;
    丙烯酸环状烃酯类为丙烯酸苯酯、丙烯酸环己基酯、丙烯酸-4-甲基环己基酯、丙烯酸-4-叔丁基环己基酯中一种以上;
    甲基丙烯酸环状烃酯类为甲基丙烯酸苯酯、甲基丙烯酸环己基酯、甲基丙烯酸-4-甲基环己基酯、甲基丙烯酸-4-叔丁基环己基酯中一种以上;
    丙烯酸聚烯烃二醇酯类为丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯;
    甲基丙烯酸聚烯烃二醇酯类为甲基丙烯酸聚乙二醇酯。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂,其特征在于:
    所述引发剂为磷腈、磷腈盐、氧化磷腈、偶氮二异丁腈、偶氮二异戊腈、过氧化苯甲酰、过氧化二叔丁基、过氧化-2-乙基己酸叔丁酯中的一种以上;
    在丙烯酸酯预聚物中:所述溶剂为烃类溶剂、醇类溶剂、酮类溶剂、酯类溶剂中的一种以上。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂,其特征在于:所述烃类溶剂为甲苯、二甲苯中的一种以上;所述醇类溶剂为异丙醇、正丁醇、异丁醇、丙二醇甲醚中的一种以上;所述酮类溶剂为甲基乙基酮、甲基异丁基甲酮、丙酮、丁酮、环己酮中的一种以上;所述酯类溶剂为乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯的一种以上。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂,其特征在于:所述丙烯酸酯预聚物的组分还包括低分子醇或低分子胺或调聚剂,所述低分子醇或低分子胺与引发剂复配;
    所述低分子醇为含碳原子1~12的脂肪族或芳香族醇中的一种或以上;
    所述低分子胺为含碳原子1~12的脂肪族或芳香族胺中的一种或以上;
    所述调聚剂为正十二烷基硫醇、叔十二烷基硫醇、3-巯基丙酸异辛酯、3-巯基丙酸乙基己醇酯、四(3-巯基丙酸)季茂四醇酯、α-甲基苯乙烯二聚体的一种或以上。
  8. 根据权利要求1~7任一项所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:包括以下步骤:
    (1)丙烯酸酯预聚物的合成:
    在惰性气体中,以50~100重量份溶剂的反应介质,在0.01~10重量份引发剂的作用下,将5~95重量份环状单体、0~95重量份乙烯基单体和5~30重 量份(甲基)丙烯酸,于70~120℃反应5~18小时,得到丙烯酸酯预聚物;
    (2)聚丙烯酸铜树脂的合成:
    以5~150重量份有机溶剂为反应介质,将100重量份丙烯酸酯预聚物、5~50重量份含铜化合物与0~75重量份一元羧酸于70~180℃反应4~10小时,得到聚丙烯酸铜树脂。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的制备方法,其特征在于:所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的铜元素含量为1~20%;
    所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的数均分子量Mn为3000~50000;
    所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的酸值为50~350mgKOH/g。
  10. 根据权利要求1~7任一项所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂的应用,其特征在于:所述主链降解型聚丙烯酸铜树脂用于制备海洋防污涂料。
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