WO2018194225A1 - Système de surveillance et de protection de batterie - Google Patents

Système de surveillance et de protection de batterie Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018194225A1
WO2018194225A1 PCT/KR2017/010109 KR2017010109W WO2018194225A1 WO 2018194225 A1 WO2018194225 A1 WO 2018194225A1 KR 2017010109 W KR2017010109 W KR 2017010109W WO 2018194225 A1 WO2018194225 A1 WO 2018194225A1
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Prior art keywords
battery pack
battery
resistance
capacity
ocv
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PCT/KR2017/010109
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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이정환
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이정환
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Publication of WO2018194225A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018194225A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R31/00—Arrangements for testing electric properties; Arrangements for locating electric faults; Arrangements for electrical testing characterised by what is being tested not provided for elsewhere
    • G01R31/36—Arrangements for testing, measuring or monitoring the electrical condition of accumulators or electric batteries, e.g. capacity or state of charge [SoC]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/4207—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery monitoring and protection system, and more particularly, the characteristics of the battery cells change as they age, and the accuracy of measuring the performance of the battery at high and low temperatures is not accurate to monitor the battery cells.
  • the present invention is to provide a system and method for aging the battery and the stable monitoring and protection of the battery even in a high or low temperature environment.
  • Electric vehicles or energy storage systems require large-capacity batteries, which are secondary batteries. As the battery is repeatedly charged and discharged, its performance deteriorates and ends its life. At this time, the degree of degradation of the battery performance is quantitatively evaluated through a parameter of storage of health (SOH).
  • SOH storage of health
  • the aging of the battery is detected by measuring the change in the internal resistance of the battery.
  • the internal resistance is very small, and as the charge and discharge are repeated, the internal resistance increases, The internal resistance becomes large enough to transfer power. Therefore, it is necessary to effectively manage the charging and discharging to extend the life of the battery.
  • the SOH can be estimated based on the internal resistance and temperature of the battery.
  • the estimating process first measures the internal resistance of the battery every time the charging and discharging is repeated, measures the capacity of the battery for each temperature, and then quantizes the relative capacity based on the initial capacity of the battery to store the mapping relationship with the SOH. Store and manage in a table.
  • the SOH of the battery may be estimated by measuring the internal resistance and the temperature of the battery in an actual environment of using the battery, and mapping the SOH corresponding to the internal resistance and the temperature from the mapping table.
  • C-Rate is a unit for estimating or marking the current value under various usage conditions and the possible use time of the battery when charging and discharging the battery.
  • the calculation of the current value according to the charge / discharge rate is based on the charge or discharge current. It is used to calculate the charge and discharge current values by dividing by the rated capacity.
  • the present invention changes the characteristics of the battery cells as they age, the accuracy of measuring the performance of the battery at high and low temperature is difficult to accurately monitor the battery cells, thereby overcoming the failure to properly protect the battery
  • the objective is to enable battery aging and stable monitoring and protection of batteries even in high or low temperature environments.
  • US Patent No. 8459978 (2013.05.28.) Is to monitor the state of the rechargeable battery, at least one associated with the battery during the discharge of the battery Obtain the measured value repeatedly, repeatedly calculate the state of the battery during the discharge of the battery (the state of the battery depends on the state of the previously calculated battery, the measured value and at least one battery parameter) Update the parameters of the battery at a first rate before the state of the battery exceeds the threshold, update the parameters of the battery at a second rate faster than the first rate after the state of the battery exceeds the threshold, and Responsive to each update characterized in that to correct the state of the battery.
  • US Patent No. 7808244 (October 5, 2010) relates to a method of measuring initial voltage and current and determining a state of charge using a previously predicted battery resistance. It includes a processor that updates parameters defining the state of charge (SOC) and the dependence of internal resistance on temperature. The database is used to obtain the information needed to calculate the correct remaining usage time. The processor may determine the characteristics of the measured open circuit voltage (OCV) value of the battery and the starting SOC value corresponding to the value of the most recently measured OCV value after the battery has stabilized. It reflects the item. The processor then determines the current SOC of the battery, the current battery capacity, and the remaining operating time of the device operating on battery power.
  • SOC open circuit voltage
  • US Patent No. 6789026 (2004.09.07.) Relates to a method for monitoring the state of charge of the battery, to determine the amount of charge currently stored in the battery by determining that the current flowing in the battery is in the zero state. It includes a circuit for measuring the OCV of the battery before the current flowing through the battery is not negligible and includes a processor for correlating the measured OCV with a corresponding variable value and selecting the corresponding value as the variable value.
  • the present invention has some similarities to the present invention, but there is no suggestion regarding monitoring or protecting the battery in consideration of changes in characteristics of the battery cell according to the aging or temperature of the present invention. Is the difference.
  • US Patent Application Publication No. 2011/0037475 (2011.02.17.) Relates to a method of estimating battery capacity using battery internal storage (DCIR), which sets a controlled discharge path in a battery module, and loads a system load. Despite the change in current, the battery discharge current has a constant value, and the internal resistance measured by setting the constant battery current can be used to accurately obtain the battery capacity.
  • DCIR battery internal storage
  • the present invention is partially related to the present invention, but there is no suggestion regarding monitoring or protecting the battery in consideration of changes in characteristics of the battery cell according to aging or temperature of the present invention. It is a difference from the present invention that there is no suggestion or description.
  • an object of the present invention is to propose a method for enabling stable monitoring and protection of a battery even in a high temperature or low temperature environment.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned conventional problems, and an object thereof is to provide a battery monitoring method, a battery monitoring device, a battery protection method and a battery protection device.
  • an object of the present invention is to calculate a factor for controlling the pack resistance of a battery at high temperature, room temperature, and low temperature through a battery monitoring method and apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for analyzing a load characteristic in order to predict a maximum current, a minimum current, and a temperature change at each resistance point through a battery monitoring method and an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for predicting the remaining capacity and full charge capacity of a battery under load by analyzing the load characteristics and resistance through a battery monitoring method and apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. do.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for updating a current capacity and SOH of a battery through a battery monitoring method and an apparatus thereof according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide an apparatus and method for monitoring the state of a battery and also protecting the battery by learning the resistance of a few weak cells having the largest pack resistance or resistance instead of the cell resistance of each battery for each temperature. It is done.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method and an apparatus for finding a weak cell which determines a cell having a cell voltage or a pack voltage first reaching a discharge end voltage as a weak cell. If one battery cell reaches the discharge end voltage of the cell before the pack voltage reaches the end discharge voltage of the pack, the discharge is terminated. At low voltages, the life of the cell is greatly reduced, so the cell needs to be protected.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting an internal and external short of a cell and opening of a parallel cell through a battery monitoring method and an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Battery monitoring system for achieving the above object is a learning unit for learning the state information of the battery pack according to the aging or temperature and the remaining capacity and the total available capacity of the battery pack according to the learning results And a battery pack capacity gauging unit for gauging the battery pack.
  • the state information of the battery pack includes a total resistance of the battery pack according to a state of charge (SOC), resistance for each battery cell, and an amount of change in an open circuit voltage (OCV). It is characterized by including.
  • SOC state of charge
  • OCV open circuit voltage
  • the learning unit by discharging the battery pack to the discharge end voltage at a constant C-rate under the conditions of the normal temperature and no load through the first cycle, by tracking the OCV curve of the battery pack, the amount of OVC change according to aging and the corresponding It is characterized by learning the amount of change for the total capacity of the battery pack.
  • the learning unit divides the SOC into a plurality of grid points, which are OCV points, through a second cycle, discharges the battery pack to a specific C-rate for each temperature range, and the battery pack and the grid points for each grid point.
  • the learning unit By measuring the resistance for each battery cell, it characterized in that it further comprises learning the change amount of the resistance for each battery cell and the battery pack according to temperature and aging.
  • the battery pack resistance measuring unit may calculate an aging coefficient by comparing the total resistance of the previously learned battery pack with the total resistance of the battery pack currently discharged, and the resistance of each grid point previously learned to the calculated aging coefficient. By multiplying to update the respective resistance for the grid point of the battery pack that is currently discharged, it characterized in that the resistance for the battery pack and each battery cell is measured.
  • the battery pack capacity gauging unit detects a current OCV point of the battery pack by using recently measured OCV and a pass charge, and measures a passed charge, remaining capacity, and total available capacity at the detected current OCV point. And, by updating this for each of the OCV point, it is characterized in that the remaining capacity of the battery pack and the total available capacity.
  • the battery monitoring system may further include a protection unit that protects the battery pack by blocking a charge / discharge state of the battery pack when the measured resistance of the battery pack and each battery cell exceeds a preset value.
  • the battery monitoring method the learning step of learning the status information of the battery pack according to the aging or temperature and the battery to gauge the remaining capacity and the total available capacity of the battery pack according to the learning results And a pack capacity gauging step, wherein the state information of the battery pack includes a total resistance of the battery pack according to a state of charge (SOC), a resistance of each battery cell, and an amount of change of an open circuit voltage (OCV). It is done.
  • SOC state of charge
  • OCV open circuit voltage
  • the learning step by discharging the battery pack to the discharge end voltage at a constant C-rate under the conditions of the normal temperature and no load through the first cycle, by tracking the OCV curve of the battery pack, the amount of OVC change according to aging and It is characterized by learning the amount of change for the total capacity of the battery pack.
  • the SOC is divided into a plurality of grid points that are OCV points through a second cycle, and the battery pack is discharged to a specific C-rate at a predetermined range of temperatures, and the battery pack is stored for each grid point.
  • the resistance for each battery cell it characterized in that it further comprises learning the change amount of the resistance for the battery pack and each battery cell according to the temperature and aging.
  • the battery pack resistance measuring step the aging coefficient is calculated by comparing the total resistance of the previously learned battery pack and the total resistance of the currently discharged battery pack, and for each grid point previously learned to the calculated aging coefficient The resistance of the battery pack and each battery cell is measured by updating the resistance of each of the grid points of the battery pack that is currently discharged by multiplying the resistance.
  • the battery pack capacity gauging step may detect a current OCV point of the battery pack by using recently measured OCV and Passed charge, and calculate the passed charge, remaining capacity, and total available capacity from the detected current OCV point. By measuring and updating this for each OCV point, the remaining capacity and total available capacity of the battery pack are gauged.
  • the battery monitoring system may further include a protection step of protecting the battery pack by blocking a charge / discharge state of the battery pack when the measured battery pack and the resistance of each battery cell exceed a preset value.
  • the present invention relates to a method for monitoring and protecting a battery through machine learning, and as the battery pack is repeatedly charged and discharged, the resistance of the entire battery pack and the weak cells of the plurality of cells constituting the battery pack are changed.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery monitoring system according to a first embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery monitoring system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery monitoring system according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first cycle for learning data for gauging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a second cycle for learning data for gauging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 7A and 7B are flowcharts illustrating a procedure of gauging a remaining capacity and total available capacity according to discharge of a battery pack and a weak cell according to an embodiment of the present invention and providing the same to a user.
  • FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method of updating a capacity and SOH of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 9 is a view illustrating a method of gauging the remaining capacity and the total available capacity according to the discharge of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a battery monitoring system for detecting an internal / external short of a battery cell according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 is a graph for detecting an internal / external short of a battery cell according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a graph for detecting an internal / external short of a battery cell according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a battery monitoring system for detecting internal / external disconnection of a battery cell according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 a configuration of a battery monitoring system according to various embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIG. 1 is a view schematically showing a battery monitoring system according to a first embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a view showing the configuration of a battery monitoring system according to a second embodiment of the present invention
  • 3 is a view showing the configuration of a battery monitoring system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • a battery monitoring system 10 includes a battery monitoring device 100 for monitoring a state of a battery pack 200, and a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells ( 200), the battery pack 200 is connected to the battery pack 200 through the charger 700 or the external terminal for charging the battery pack 200 and the battery pack 200 through an external terminal, and is powered from the battery pack 200.
  • a load (not shown) driven by receiving power, a charge FET 300, a discharge FET 400, a temperature sensing unit 500 for sensing a temperature of the battery pack 200, and a current of the battery pack 200. It is configured to include a current sensing unit 600 for detecting.
  • the battery pack 200 is composed of a plurality of battery cells, the battery cell is the number of the battery cells according to the purpose, use or load connected to the battery pack 200, the battery pack 200 is used.
  • the battery pack 200 may be configured.
  • the battery cells may be connected in series, in parallel, or a combination thereof, and may be charged or discharged at a constant voltage through a charger 700 or a load connected to an external terminal.
  • the battery pack 200 may be composed of all kinds of secondary batteries known in the art, such as lithium ion batteries, lithium ion polymer batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, and the like.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 controls the charge FET 300 and the discharge FET 400 composed of a field effect transistor (FET), the external device connected to the external terminal (ie, charger 700 or Load) to charge or discharge the battery pack 200.
  • FET field effect transistor
  • the charging FET 300 is turned on, and the discharge FET 400 is turned off (off) to direct the battery pack 200 from the charger 700. It is possible to charge the battery pack 200 by flowing a constant voltage and current.
  • the charge FET 300 and the discharge FET 400 are turned off and on, respectively, so that a constant voltage and current flow from the battery pack 200 in the load direction. It is possible to apply power to the load.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 learns the resistance of the weak battery cell among the battery cells constituting the battery pack 200 and the total resistance of the battery pack 200 according to temperature, and loads the load connected to the external terminal. By analyzing the characteristics, by providing a user with the state of the battery pack 200 according to the resistance change of the battery pack 200 according to the temperature and deterioration, the charge / discharge of the battery pack 200 used repeatedly Get immediate status.
  • the battery monitoring device 100 provides a user with a gauging (remaining capacity) according to the temperature and deterioration of the battery pack 200 accurately when charging or discharging the battery pack 200, the user, The charging or discharging state of the battery pack 200 is monitored to prevent defects caused by overcharging or overdischarging of the battery pack 200.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 monitors the state of charge of the battery pack, detects the battery pack 200 before entering the overcharge state, turns off the charge FET 300, and generates a battery pack due to overcharge ( 200) to prevent the occurrence of defects.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 monitors the discharge state of the battery pack 200 and detects it before the battery pack 200 enters an over discharge state, thereby turning off the discharge FET 400. To prevent the occurrence of defects in the battery pack 200 due to over discharge.
  • the charge FET 300 and the discharge FET 400 refer to a switch for charging or discharging the battery pack 200 at a constant voltage.
  • the charge FET 300 and the discharge FET 400 may perform not only FET but also insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) or charge / discharge. Of course, it can be composed of various switches such as a relay (relay) for.
  • IGBT insulated gate bipolar transistor
  • the temperature sensor 500 detects the temperature of the battery pack 200 or the battery cells during charging / discharging of the battery pack 200, and provides the temperature to the battery monitoring apparatus 100.
  • the current sensing unit 600 is composed of a sense resistor (sense resistor) for sensing the current, is connected in series with the external terminal and the battery pack 200 to detect the charge / discharge current of the battery pack 200 It provides to the battery monitoring device 100.
  • sense resistor sense resistor
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 measures the total resistance of the battery pack 200 and the resistance of each battery cell, and also, in order to accurately gauge the remaining capacity and the total available capacity of the battery pack 200 first, The change of the resistance of the battery pack 200 according to the change state and temperature of the open circuit voltage (OCV) for the battery pack 200 in the no-load state is learned.
  • OCV open circuit voltage
  • the learning is performed through a total of two learning cycles including a first cycle and a second cycle, and a detailed description thereof will be described with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the total resistance of the battery pack 200 learned by the temperature monitoring by the battery monitoring apparatus 100 and the resistance (that is, internal resistance) of each battery cell are composed of parameters representing temperature and resistance at each temperature. Derived from the function, it is used to predict the remaining capacity and full charge capacity (meaning the total available capacity) of the battery pack 200 under load.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 measures and learns the resistance of each battery cell and the total resistance of the battery pack 200, and a factor for adjusting the resistance of the battery pack 200 according to temperature ( factor) and load characteristics. In this way, the remaining capacity and total available capacity according to the use of the battery pack 200 are accurately reflected and the user is provided by reflecting the temperature change, so that the battery pack 200 can be efficiently used, and overcharged and over discharged. It is possible to protect the battery pack 200 from before.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 includes the battery pack including the total resistance of the battery pack according to the SOC, the resistance for each battery cell, the OCV variation amount, and the total capacity of the battery pack 200 through the learning cycle ( By learning the status information of the 200, the battery pack 200 is accurately monitored.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery monitoring system according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery monitoring system 10 may further include a plurality of current / voltage measuring units 800.
  • the battery monitoring system 10 described in detail with reference to FIG. 1 directly measures the voltage of each battery cell to calculate the resistance of each battery cell and the resistance of the weak battery cell, but according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery monitoring system 10 according to an exemplary embodiment may be configured to measure resistance to the battery cell by providing at least one or more separate current / voltage measuring units 800.
  • each current / voltage measuring unit 800 is provided, and each current / voltage measuring unit 800 is connected to at least one battery cell, respectively.
  • the current / voltage measuring unit 800 measures the current and voltage for each of the battery cells covering it to provide to the battery monitoring device 1001, the battery monitoring device 1001 measures the respective current / voltage This is learned by measuring the resistance for each battery cell and the resistance for the weak battery cell using the current and voltage for each battery cell provided from the unit 800.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 measures the internal resistance of each battery cell using the total current of the battery pack 200 and the voltage of each battery cell.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 1001 illustrated in FIG. 2 measures the voltage and current of each battery cell and measures the resistance of each battery cell using the same, the battery resistance apparatus 1001 can more accurately measure internal resistance.
  • the resistance may be calculated and provided to the current / voltage measuring unit 800 or may be calculated by the battery monitoring device 1001.
  • FIG. 3 is a block diagram schematically illustrating a battery monitoring system according to a third exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery monitoring system 10 may further include a plurality of battery data processing units 900.
  • the plurality of battery data processing units 900 is configured by modularly configuring a plurality of battery monitoring apparatuses 100 described with reference to FIG. 1, and performs data processing for gauging the remaining capacity in the battery monitoring apparatus 100.
  • the centralized performance can be processed by a plurality of modules, so that the centralized load can be distributed and processed.
  • each battery data processor 900 is connected to at least one battery cell, respectively, and learns the internal resistance of each battery cell according to a temperature change, and the result thereof is transferred to the battery monitoring apparatus 1002 shown in FIG. 3. to provide.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 1002 simply integrates the learning results provided from each battery data processing unit 900 to display remaining capacity, usable capacity, and state of health (SOH) of the entire battery pack 200. Compute and store the cumulative, and monitors the charge / discharge state of the battery pack 200.
  • SOH state of health
  • the battery data processor 900 and the battery monitoring device 1002 use various communication methods such as an inter-integrated circuit (I2C), a server message block (SMB), a controller area network (CAN), and the like for the gauging. Can send and receive data.
  • I2C inter-integrated circuit
  • SMB server message block
  • CAN controller area network
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating a first cycle for learning data for gauging according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 5 is a second cycle for learning data for gauging according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a diagram showing.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 measures an OCV curve of the battery pack 200 in a first cycle, accumulates and stores the measured OCV curve, thereby storing the battery. Each time the pack 200 is discharged, the OCV variation amount is learned.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 preferentially, in order to gauge the resistance change and the capacity of the battery pack 200 according to temperature and aging, first of the battery pack 200 in a state of charge (SOC) through a first cycle. Learn how OCV changes (ie, OCV curves).
  • the first cycle discharges the battery pack 200 with a constant C-rate (eg, 1 / 20C) under no load, divides the battery pack 200 into a plurality of SOC grid points, and stores the corresponding battery pack 200 for each SOC grid point. By sensing the voltage of), the amount of change in the OCV can be measured. Meanwhile, the SOC grid point is shown in FIG. 5.
  • a constant C-rate eg, 1 / 20C
  • the amount of change in OCV can be measured through the self-discharge of the battery pack 200, but in the case of self-discharge, it takes a long time to complete discharge, so that a very small current flows to measure the amount of change in the OCV and measures it at no load. It is assumed to be equal to the amount of change in the OCV.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 detects a flat region in which the OCV variation is slow or almost absent from the measured OCV curve on the SOC.
  • the flat region is detected by finding a point and b point, where each a point and b point is a place where the amount of voltage change is rapidly changed per unit time.
  • a point is a point where the voltage change amount per unit time is drastically reduced
  • b point is a place where the voltage change amount per unit time is rapidly increased.
  • the flat region is positioned between the a point and the b point, and means a section in which the voltage change amount is gentle or nearly equal.
  • point a is a point where a point larger than a preset value is first detected by differentiating the OCV curve in unit time
  • point b is a point where a point smaller than a preset value is first detected by differentiating the OCV curve in unit time. It means the point being.
  • a point having dV / dT> 30 uV / S can be detected as a point, and a point having dV / dT ⁇ 30 uV / S can be detected as a b point.
  • 30uV / S as a reference for detecting each point can be set differently according to the characteristics of the battery cell.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 calculates the total capacity of the battery pack 200 through the first cycle.
  • the total capacity may be calculated by calculating a total amount of charge flowing while discharging the battery pack 200 to a discharge termination voltage in a no-load state, or may be measured by calculating an area of the OVC voltage curve.
  • the total capacity of the battery pack 200 may be measured by calculating the area of the battery pack 200.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating a second cycle for learning data for gauging according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 measures a resistance value for each SOC grid point of the battery pack 200 through a second cycle.
  • the battery monitoring device 100 discharges the battery pack 200 at 1/5 C-rate in order to measure the resistance value for each SOC grid point, and the total resistance and the first resistance of the corresponding battery pack 200.
  • the resistance of the weak battery cell that outputs the weak voltage is measured.
  • the second cycle is performed at least three times at each temperature (low temperature, room temperature, and high temperature), and measures the overall resistance of the battery pack 200 and the resistance of the weak battery cell for each temperature.
  • each temperature is set to 25 degrees at room temperature, 40 degrees or more at high temperature, 5 degrees or less at low temperature, and measures the total resistance of the battery pack 200 and the resistance of the weak battery cell for each set temperature.
  • each temperature can be set differently according to the usage of the battery, the environment of use, or the user's setting, and for more accurate precision, many temperature ranges (for example, -5 degrees or less, 0 degrees, 5 degrees, 10 degrees, 15 degrees, 25 degrees, 40 degrees or more) can be set.
  • the total voltage for each SOC grid point may be measured by Equation 1 since the voltage curve for each section has already been measured through the first cycle.
  • Vm [i] OCV [i]-IR [i]
  • Vm refers to the total measured voltage of the battery pack 200 and refers to the open circuit voltage in the no-load state measured through the first cycle.
  • i denotes a point at which a resistance value is calculated by using a preset virtual grid point on the SOC.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 measures the resistance of each battery cell for each SOC grid point by using [Equation 1].
  • Vm denotes a voltage measured for each battery cell
  • I denotes a current measured for each battery cell.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 learns a change in the internal resistance of the battery pack 200 for each temperature, and when the battery pack 200 is discharged, the internal resistance of the battery pack 200. Can be measured accurately. Through this, the capacity of the battery pack 200 can be accurately gauged and provided to the user. In addition, due to repetitive charging / discharging of the battery pack 200, an increase in internal resistance due to deterioration of the battery cell may be detected, and when the internal resistance of the corresponding battery pack 200 rises above a predetermined value, By notifying the user or by blocking the charging or discharging by itself, the risk of heat generation and explosion of the corresponding battery pack 200 may be blocked in advance.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the configuration of a battery monitoring apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 may charge or discharge the battery pack 200 to charge or discharge the corresponding battery pack 200 according to an external device connected in series with the battery pack 200.
  • Battery pack 200 current / voltage measuring unit 120 for measuring the current and voltage of the battery pack 200
  • battery pack temperature measuring unit 130 for measuring the temperature of the battery pack
  • battery pack 200 according to the temperature Learning unit 140 to measure the resistance of the learning unit 140
  • a battery pack resistance measuring unit 150 for measuring the resistance of the battery pack 200 according to the learning results
  • temperature and battery pack 200 in accordance with the learning results Protects the battery pack 200 according to a change in the resistance measured by the battery pack capacity gauging unit 160 and the battery pack resistance measuring unit 150 to gauge the capacity of the battery pack 200 due to deterioration of the battery pack 200.
  • the protection unit 170 for generating a control signal to the, the battery pack capacity crab It is configured to include a jingbu 160 gauging information, notifications provided by the condition information and the like of the battery pack 200 to the user unit 180, a controller 190 and a memory (not shown) through.
  • the battery pack charge / discharge control unit 110 generates and transmits a control signal for charging or discharging the battery pack 200 according to the type of external device connected through an external terminal.
  • the battery pack charge / discharge control unit 110 controls the charge FET 300 and the discharge FET 400 to charge or discharge the battery pack 200. For example, when an external power source including a charger 700 for charging the battery pack 200 is connected to the external terminal, each of the charging FET 300 and the discharge FET 400 is turned on through the control signal. And off, it is possible to charge the battery pack 200 with a constant voltage through the external power. In addition, when a load (for example, a car, etc.) driven by receiving power from the battery pack 200 is connected through the external terminal, the battery pack charge / discharge control unit 110 turns on the discharge FET 400. By turning off the charging FET 300, the battery pack 200 is discharged so that power can be applied to the load.
  • a load for example, a car, etc.
  • the battery pack current / voltage measuring unit 120 measures the current and voltage of the battery pack 200 when charging / discharging the battery pack 200.
  • the battery pack current / voltage measuring unit 120 measures the current and voltage of the entire battery pack 200, and also measures the current and voltage of each cell constituting the battery pack 200, respectively.
  • Current and voltage for the battery pack 200 or the battery cell may be measured through a current sensor and a voltage sensor.
  • the battery pack current / voltage measuring unit 120 may be modularized into a plurality of current / voltage measuring units 800 respectively covering a plurality of battery cells.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 may receive a voltage and a current for each of the battery cells measured through the plurality of modularized current / voltage measuring units 800.
  • the battery pack temperature measuring unit 130 monitors the temperature change amount during charging / discharging by measuring the temperatures of the battery pack 200 and the battery cells during charging / discharging of the battery pack 200.
  • the learner 140 learns changes in the OCV curve, total capacity, and resistance of the battery pack 200 according to deterioration and temperature through a learning cycle.
  • the learning cycle includes a first cycle and a second cycle, and learns the OCV curve (ie, OCV variation) of the battery pack 200 and the total capacity of the battery pack 200 through the first cycle. .
  • the learner 140 learns resistance changes according to temperature and deterioration of the battery pack 200 through a second cycle.
  • the first cycle discharges the battery pack 200 with a specific C-rate (eg, 1/20 C-rate) at no load and normal temperature, and learns an OCV curve for the battery pack 200. This may be performed periodically or aperiodically according to a preset period or user.
  • a specific C-rate eg, 1/20 C-rate
  • the learner 140 detects the flat region of the OCV curve in the first cycle, and the flat region finds two points where the amount of change of the OCV curve changes rapidly as described with reference to FIG. 3. Is detected.
  • the learner 140 learns by calculating the total capacity in the no-load state. Calculating the total capacity means that the battery pack 200 is discharged to a discharge termination voltage at a constant C-rate in the battery pack 200 to measure the total capacity of the battery pack 200. to be. On the other hand, since the aging occurs as the battery pack 200 is connected to a load and is used, the total capacity of the battery pack 200 learned through the first cycle is inevitably changed (that is, reduced). .
  • the learning unit 140 accumulates and stores the measured OCV curve and the total capacity of the battery pack 200 in a memory (not shown) through a first cycle, thereby totaling the OCV curve and the battery pack 200. Learn about changes in capacity.
  • the C-rate is not limited to 1/20 C-rate, it can be set differently depending on the purpose of use, purpose of use or user of the battery pack 200.
  • the learner 140 learns the resistance of the battery pack 200 through a second cycle.
  • the resistance is learned by measuring the total resistance of the battery pack 200, the resistance of each battery cell constituting the battery pack 200, and the resistance of a weak cell that outputs the lowest voltage.
  • the second cycle discharges the battery pack at a constant C-rate at a normal temperature, a high temperature, and a low temperature, and weakly outputs a resistance of another battery pack 200, a resistance for each battery cell, and a lowest voltage at a temperature. Learn by measuring the resistance to a weak cell.
  • the second cycle may also be performed periodically or aperiodically according to a preset period or user.
  • the second cycle is to measure the resistance value of each grid point by dividing the SOC of the battery pack 200 into a plurality of sections (that is, grid points), the OCV curve for each grid point already through the first cycle Since we learned that, the measured voltage in the second cycle (measured voltage) is OCV-IR. Therefore, the voltage Vm [i] measured for each grid point becomes OCV [i]-IR [i], and R [i] becomes (Vm [i]-OCV [i]) / I. Where i represents each divided grid point.
  • the SOC grid points are measured by dividing the SOC grid points less. Otherwise, SOC grid points are divided more finely than the flat region, because the voltage changes rapidly. Measure the resistance per grid point and store it in memory.
  • Rnew means the resistance measured in the learning cycle (second cycle) currently being performed
  • Rold means the resistance measured in the learning cycle previously performed.
  • Rnew is calculated every time the learning cycle starts. Therefore, since Rnew / Rold is the current resistance compared to the previous resistance, it becomes an aging rate which is a resistance change of the battery pack 200 due to deterioration. I also denotes an SOC grid point.
  • the learning unit 140 calculates a variable (that is, a temperature factor) that each temperature has on the resistance through a second cycle, and reflects the calculated temperature factor to the measured resistance value to finalize the resistance in the corresponding learning cycle. Measure to learn.
  • a variable that is, a temperature factor
  • Rnew is the same as [Equation 2]
  • i represents the SOC grid point
  • j represents the temperature range.
  • j represents the range of temperature changes on the SOC, where low temperature (eg 5 ° to 24 °) is set to 0, normal temperature (eg 25 ° to 39 °) is set to 1, and high temperature (eg 40 ° or more) ) Can be set to 2.
  • the temperature range may be further divided according to the resource allocation capability of the battery monitoring apparatus 100.
  • the value for each temperature range may be set by setting the lowest temperature range to 0 and sequentially increasing the temperature by 1 for each temperature range.
  • the battery pack resistance measuring unit 150 measures the resistance of the battery pack 200 that is currently discharged by the load is connected to each SOC grid point according to the learning result. The measurement measures the resistance of each battery cell and the total resistance of the battery pack 200 for each predetermined SOC grid point.
  • the resistance is measured in the same manner as the method of calculating the resistance value through the second cycle. That is, the total resistance of the battery pack 200 and the resistance of the battery cells are measured by using Equations 2 and 3, respectively.
  • the weak cell instead of the cell resistance of each battery, only the resistance of several weak cells having the largest pack resistance or resistance is learned for each temperature.
  • the weak cell can be found by determining the cell in which the cell voltage or the pack voltage reaches the discharge end voltage as the weak cell. If one battery cell reaches the discharge end voltage of the cell before the pack voltage reaches the end discharge voltage of the pack, the discharge is terminated. At low voltages, the life of the cell is greatly reduced, so the cell needs to be protected.
  • the method of learning the change of the resistance value for the weak cell is the same as that of the pack resistance. However, finding the weak cell as a difference is finding the lowest voltage in the cell. Therefore, the voltage measurement of the weak cell may be expressed as the value obtained by multiplying the wire resistance between the current and the cell by the voltage measurement of the weak cell. These weak cell voltage measurements can be used to learn the weak cell resistance.
  • the battery pack resistance measurement unit 150 maps the measurement result of measuring the total resistance of the battery pack 200 and the resistance of each battery cell and the battery state (deterioration degree) for each resistance stored in advance. By comparing the tables, the battery state according to the measurement result may be extracted from the mapping table, provided to the user terminal, or output to the display.
  • the battery pack resistance measuring unit 150 protects when the total resistance of the battery pack 200 exceeds a preset value or when the resistance of each measured battery cell exceeds a preset value. Through the unit 170, it is possible to block the discharge (or charging) of the battery pack 200. Through this, it is possible to protect the external device or the user using the battery pack 200 from a defect (that is, explosion, etc.) of the battery pack 200.
  • the battery pack capacity gauging unit 160 user by gauging the remaining capacity (remaining capacity) and the total available capacity (useable capacity) of the battery pack 200 on the basis of the results learned through the learning unit 140 Make it available to
  • the protection unit 170 monitors the temperature change measured by the battery pack temperature measuring unit 130, and when the current temperature exceeds a preset value can block the charging or discharging of the battery pack 200. By doing so, it is possible to prevent damage of the battery pack 200 due to heat.
  • the protection unit 170 keeps track of the voltage change amount (that is, the voltage curve) of the battery pack 200 that is currently being discharged or charged, and the corresponding battery when it is equal to the discharge end voltage or the maximum charging voltage that is preset and stored. By blocking the discharge or charging of the pack 200, it is possible to prevent damage to the battery pack 200 due to over discharge or over charge.
  • the discharge termination voltage and the maximum charging voltage are set in advance and stored in the memory.
  • the notification unit 180 provides the remaining capacity and total available capacity of the battery pack 200 to the user terminal through the battery pack capacity gauging unit 160 or displays the current battery by displaying on the display of the user terminal. Get immediate insight into the pack's remaining capacity and total available capacity.
  • the notification unit 180 extracts battery pack state information from the mapping table according to the resistance measured by the battery pack 200 resistance measuring unit 150 and provides the user terminal with the state of the corresponding battery pack 200. To know.
  • the notification unit 180 provides a warning sound and information on this, thereby replacing the corresponding battery pack 200 or the battery cell. Allow for repair.
  • FIG. 7A and 7B are flowcharts illustrating a procedure of providing a user with a remaining capacity and total available capacity according to a discharge of a battery pack or a weak cell according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 8 is a view of the present invention.
  • 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method of updating a battery pack capacity and an SOH according to an embodiment
  • FIG. 9 is a method of gauging the remaining capacity and total available capacity according to a discharge of a battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention. Figure is shown to explain.
  • the procedure of gauging the remaining capacity and the total available capacity to the user by discharging the battery pack 200 is first provided by the battery capacity of the battery monitoring apparatus 100.
  • the gauging unit 160 detects the OCV point previously measured according to the discharge of the battery pack 200 and the current OCV point with the pass charge (S110 and S210).
  • the OCV point means the SOC grid point.
  • the SOC grid point is set in advance according to the learning cycle previously performed, and the total capacity of the battery pack 200 is measured. Therefore, the previously measured OCV point is already known so that the current OCV point can be detected based on the OCV point.
  • Passed Charge means a coulomb that has already flowed, and according to the learning result, the total capacity of the corresponding battery pack 200 is already known and the OCV curve is known. Even in this case, the current SOC can be obtained from the charge flowed at the voltage obtained from the previous OCV.
  • the passed charge refers to the total amount of charges flowing from the SOC grid points 1 to 6.
  • the voltage is the y-axis, and the area of the voltage curve and the figure constituting the x-axis and the y-axis is obtained, the capacity in the corresponding section can be obtained.
  • the passed charge can be measured by calculating the area of the voltage curve corresponding to the SOC grid points 1 to 6.
  • the area at each SOC grid point is the capacity at the corresponding SOC grid point. That is, if the SOC grid point is i, the area of the voltage curve between the previous SOC grid point i-1 and the SOC grid point i becomes the capacity, i.e. capacity [i], at the SOC grid point i.
  • the battery capacity gauging unit 160 subtracts the voltage measured at the current battery pack 200 (that is, current * battery pack resistance) from the detected voltage at the OCV position. The result of the subtraction is compared with the discharge end voltage (S120, S220).
  • the weak cell instead of the cell resistance of each battery, only the resistance of several weak cells having the largest pack resistance or resistance is learned for each temperature.
  • the weak cell can be found by determining the cell in which the cell voltage or the pack voltage reaches the discharge end voltage as the weak cell. If one battery cell reaches the discharge end voltage of the cell before the pack voltage reaches the end discharge voltage of the pack, the discharge is terminated. At low voltages, the life of the cell is greatly reduced, so the cell needs to be protected.
  • the method of learning the change of the resistance value for the weak cell is the same as that of the pack resistance. However, finding the weak cell as a difference is finding the lowest voltage in the cell. Therefore, the voltage measurement of the weak cell may be expressed as the value obtained by multiplying the wire resistance between the current and the cell by the voltage measurement of the weak cell. These weak cell voltage measurements can be used to learn the weak cell resistance.
  • the current Passed charge is calculated by adding the capacity (capacity [i] calculated at the current OCV position to the previously calculated Passed charge (S120).
  • the current residual capacity is updated by subtracting the capacity calculated from the current OCV position from the previously calculated residual capacity (S121 and S222).
  • FIG. 8 is a view illustrating a method of gauging the remaining capacity and the total available capacity according to the discharge of the battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • updating the capacity is very important for controlling the charging current according to the current capacity to anticipate SOH or mitigate battery degradation.
  • SOH represents the rate of deterioration of a pack and is easily calculated by the current capacity / original capacity in the learning cycle or design capacity at the time of design. Many algorithms, however, cannot calculate current capacity accurately and often.
  • the method of updating the current capacity starts at the end of every full charge (S310).
  • the current used in the learning cycle is set to the current value or the current used in the capacity at the time of design by the manufacturer of the cell is set to the current value (S320).
  • the current OCV location is searched (S330). It is checked whether the result of calculating (OCV [i]-current * pack resistor [i]) is large compared to the discharge completion voltage (S340). If large, the result of adding the capacity (capacity [i]) to the current capacity is allocated to the current capacity (S350). Otherwise, the current capacity is allocated to the new capacity without separately calculating the current capacity (S360).
  • SOH is a value obtained by dividing learned capacity by present capacity.
  • the difference between capacity calculation and SOH calculation is that the remaining capacity and full charge capacity change depending on the actual system load current (due to voltage drop), but the capacity in the SOH calculation is an absolute cell. It should be represented only by deterioration of.
  • step S120 / S220 if the result of the subtraction in step S120 / S220 is less than the discharge end voltage (S120, S220), it means that the battery pack 200 is completely discharged, at this time, the battery pack capacity gauging unit 160 The total available capacity of the battery pack 200 is measured by adding the passed charge to the remaining capacity calculated by performing steps S120 and S121 (S130 and S230).
  • the battery capacity gauging unit 160 compares the measured total available capacity with a value obtained by multiplying the SOH by the MC (minimum capacity) previously stored and stored (S140 and S240).
  • MC is provided by the manufacturer of the battery pack 200, in some cases the total available capacity may be zero when the resistance is non-ideally large at cryogenic temperatures, the minimum available by the manufacturer to prevent this Value for capacity.
  • the MC represents the capacity when the minimum operating temperature and the maximum current of the initial battery pack 200 are discharged to the discharge end voltage. Since it decreases as the battery cell or battery pack 200 is aged, it may represent the MC of the current battery pack 200 by multiplying SOH.
  • the battery capacity gauging unit 160 sets the total available capacity to MC to total the corresponding battery pack 200.
  • the available capacity is measured (S150, S250).
  • the SOH is divided by the total available capacity of the initial battery pack 200 (that is, the maximum available capacity theoretically provided by the battery pack 200) by the aging does not occur in the current total available capacity by , Is calculated.
  • the battery capacity gauging unit 160 returns and stores the remaining capacity, the total available capacity, and the passed charge of the measured battery pack 200 (S160 and S260), and stores the measured remaining capacity and the total available capacity. It may be provided to the user terminal or displayed on the display so that the user may recognize it.
  • FIG. 10 is a block diagram illustrating a battery monitoring system according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the battery monitoring system 10 includes a battery monitoring apparatus 1003, a system MCU 7001, a current sensing unit 600, a battery pack 200, a charge FET 300, and a discharge FET ( 400, a temperature detector 501 for sensing the temperatures of the charge FET 300 and the discharge FET 400, and a cell temperature detector 502 for sensing the temperature of each cell of the battery pack 200.
  • a battery monitoring apparatus 1003 a system MCU 7001, a current sensing unit 600, a battery pack 200, a charge FET 300, and a discharge FET ( 400, a temperature detector 501 for sensing the temperatures of the charge FET 300 and the discharge FET 400, and a cell temperature detector 502 for sensing the temperature of each cell of the battery pack 200.
  • a current sensing unit 600 As shown in FIG. 10, the battery monitoring system 10 includes a battery monitoring apparatus 1003, a system MCU 7001, a current sensing unit 600, a battery pack 200, a charge FET 300, and a discharge FET ( 400,
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 1003 performs the same role as the battery monitoring apparatus 100 to monitor the state of the battery pack 200.
  • the temperature sensing unit 501 measures the FET temperature of the charging FET 300 to measure the battery monitoring device 1003. To provide. On the contrary, when the battery pack 200 is discharged, the FET temperature of the discharge FET 400 is measured and provided to the battery monitoring apparatus 1003.
  • the cell temperature detector 502 measures the temperature of each battery cell at the time of charging / discharging the battery pack 200 and provides it to the battery monitoring apparatus 1003.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 1003 utilizes the FET temperature provided by the temperature sensing unit 501 and the cell temperature sensing unit 502 and the temperature of the battery cell to generate an internal / external short of the battery cell. detect (short)
  • the FET temperature provided by the temperature sensing unit 501 and the cell temperature sensing unit 502 and the temperature of the battery cell to generate an internal / external short of the battery cell. detect (short)
  • a method of detecting an internal / external short of the battery cell will be described in detail.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 1003 is monitoring the temperature of each of the provided battery cells, and when there is only no load current or sleep current on the entire circuit, the temperature of the current battery cell is the FET. When the temperature is higher than the sum of the preset temperature and the predetermined temperature value, it is determined that an internal or external short occurs in the battery cell.
  • the sleep current is a current that does not affect the cell temperature, and may be provided by the battery pack 200 manufacturer or the user, and the cell temperature means a temperature of each battery cell during charging or discharging.
  • the FET temperature refers to the temperature of the charge FET 300 or the temperature of the discharge FET 400 according to the charge or discharge of the battery pack 200.
  • the margin value refers to a temperature value which is preset and stored, and is a value provided by a user or a manufacturer of the battery pack 200.
  • the internal / external short of the battery cell may be detected by the system MCU 7001.
  • the system MCU 7001 detects that the internal / external battery cells are shorted when the cell temperature> system temperature + margin value.
  • the slip current and the margin value which do not affect the cell temperature may be defined by the battery pack 200 manufacturer.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 may detect an internal / external short of the battery cell through thermal modeling. That is, the battery monitoring apparatus 100 may be discharged from the battery cell when the room temperature estimated by the thermal modeling using the FET temperature is greater than the room temperature expected by the thermal modeling using the battery cell temperature. It is determined that an external short has occurred.
  • the thermal modeling is produced by experiments measuring temperature at variable current and variable room temperature, and the FET temperature can be replaced with the temperature measured at a different part from the battery cell temperature.
  • the internal / external short of the battery cell may be detected by the system MCU 7001.
  • the system MCU 7001 may receive the temperature value of the battery cell from the battery monitoring device 1003 and monitor the temperature change of the battery cell.
  • the system MCU 7001 measures the temperature value of the entire system, and adds the margin value which is set in advance and stored therein, and the temperature of the battery cell exceeds the summed value in the state of only no load current or slip current. In this case, it is determined that an internal / external short occurs in the battery cell.
  • the system MCU 7001 may sense an internal / external short of the battery cell through thermal modeling in addition to the above method. That is, the base system MCU 7001 may be configured in the battery cell when the room temperature expected by the thermal modeling using the system temperature is greater than the room temperature expected by the thermal modeling using the battery cell temperature. It is determined that an internal / external short has occurred.
  • the thermal modeling is generated by an experiment of measuring a temperature at a variable current and a variable room temperature, and the FET temperature may be replaced by a temperature measured at a portion different from the cell temperature.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 may detect an internal / external short of the battery cell by Equation 4.
  • the no-load state should be maintained for the time between detecting the first OCV and the second OCV.
  • the battery monitoring apparatus 100 may detect an internal / external short of the battery cell by [Equation 5].
  • the expected OCV is the measured voltage plus the current multiplied by the resistance. And the measured voltage and current can be averaged due to the spike voltage and current. Error margin depends on spike voltage and current.
  • the amount of charge passed is calculated by periodic accumulation of current or by the Coulomb counter on the monitoring IC.
  • FIG. 13 is a block diagram illustrating a battery monitoring system for detecting internal / external disconnection of a battery cell according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • the new SOH is divided by the latest SOH from the previous charge, and if it is less than the ratio set by the user, the parallel battery cell is disconnected.
  • the maximum degradation rate can be calculated by testing over long cycles.
  • the main MCU can accumulate capacity, usable capacity, remaining capacity, SOH, etc., from modules that generate data by machine learning gauging. That is, the total capacity is the sum of the capacity of each module, and the total usable capacity is the sum of the available capacity of each module. Also, the total remaining amount is the sum of the remaining amounts of each module.
  • Detecting an unexpected error in either the main system or any component error, such as ADC or communication on each module means that the main system's usable capacity is less than the total capacity minus the margin of error for the capacity. If subtracting the total available capacity is less than the error margin for usable capacity, then subtracting the total remaining capacity from the remaining capacity of the main system is less than the error margin for remaining capacity is an example of an unexpected error being detected.
  • the error margin can be set through a long cycle test.
  • the present invention the battery monitoring and protection method through the machine learning to learn the change of the resistance according to the repeated charge and discharge of the battery pack to accurately monitor the state of the battery pack due to temperature and aging, By precisely gauging the capacity and providing it to the user, there is an effect of providing convenience to the user while protecting the battery from being effectively protected from overcharging or overdischarging.
  • the present invention accurately monitors the state of the battery according to aging or temperature by learning a process of changing the resistance of the battery pack and the resistance of the plurality of cells constituting the battery pack as the battery pack is repeatedly charged and discharged.
  • the capacity (capacity) of the battery it is possible to effectively protect the battery from overcharging and overdischarging and to provide convenience to the user.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de surveillance et de protection de batterie, et concerne un système et un procédé associé, le système permettant la surveillance et la protection stables d'une batterie, même lorsque la batterie vieillit et dans des environnements à haute ou basse température afin de surmonter l'incapacité à protéger de façon précise et efficace la batterie parce que la cellule de batterie ne peut pas être surveillée avec précision en raison du fait que les propriétés de celle-ci changent lorsque la cellule de batterie viellit et la précision des mesures de performance de batterie diminue à des températures hautes ou basses.
PCT/KR2017/010109 2017-04-20 2017-09-15 Système de surveillance et de protection de batterie WO2018194225A1 (fr)

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