WO2018177010A1 - 天线、查询器天线、应答器天线和应答系统 - Google Patents

天线、查询器天线、应答器天线和应答系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018177010A1
WO2018177010A1 PCT/CN2018/074180 CN2018074180W WO2018177010A1 WO 2018177010 A1 WO2018177010 A1 WO 2018177010A1 CN 2018074180 W CN2018074180 W CN 2018074180W WO 2018177010 A1 WO2018177010 A1 WO 2018177010A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
ferrite
circuit board
metal base
antenna according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2018/074180
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈亚娟
江奕辰
王发平
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BYD Co Ltd
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BYD Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BYD Co Ltd filed Critical BYD Co Ltd
Publication of WO2018177010A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018177010A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q17/00—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems
    • H01Q17/002—Devices for absorbing waves radiated from an antenna; Combinations of such devices with active antenna elements or systems using short elongated elements as dissipative material, e.g. metallic threads or flake-like particles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/22—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles
    • H01Q1/2208—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems
    • H01Q1/2216—Supports; Mounting means by structural association with other equipment or articles associated with components used in interrogation type services, i.e. in systems for information exchange between an interrogator/reader and a tag/transponder, e.g. in Radio Frequency Identification [RFID] systems used in interrogator/reader equipment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
    • H01Q1/3225—Cooperation with the rails or the road

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the technical field of communication devices, and in particular relates to an antenna, an finder antenna, a transponder antenna and a response system.
  • the point transponder system includes a transponder, a querier host, and a querier antenna.
  • the transponder belongs to the ground equipment and is placed in the middle of the railway track.
  • the finder host and the querier antenna are in-vehicle devices, the querier host is placed in the vehicle cabinet, and the finder antenna is placed at the bottom of the vehicle, facing the transponder.
  • the train finder activates the transponder via the power carrier (27.095 MHz) from the interrogator antenna, and the transponder sends the transponder's built-in information to the interrogator, including the kilometer, speed limit and slope. And other key information.
  • the querier receives this information and guarantees the safe operation of the train through the on-board control system.
  • Transponder transmission uses electromagnetic induction to form high-speed point data transmission.
  • the ground transponder installed on the sleeper does not need an external power supply, and is usually in a dormant state, and only receives the power of the finder to work, and simultaneously sends information to the querier.
  • RF antennas play an important role in the system.
  • a stable magnetic field is established through the RF antenna to obtain energy to make the circuit work, and a carrier signal carrying useful information is transmitted through the RF antenna.
  • the Finder antenna in the related art has a conventional outer dimension of 445 mm, a width of 303 mm, and a height of 103 mm.
  • the antenna circuit and the matching circuit are integrated on the PCB circuit board, and the exterior is filled with bakelite and polyester material to achieve protection.
  • the antenna housing is therefore filled with a thick polyester material.
  • This kind of casing is very heavy and has poor strength, which is far less than metal materials, which brings inconvenience to the vehicle installation. Due to the poor strength of the antenna, the antenna can only be installed horizontally in strict accordance with the requirements, so as to reduce the shearing force and impact force caused by the vibration turning and shifting during the train running. Due to the strength requirements of the antenna electromagnetic field, there must be no metal parts within 200 mm of the antenna when mounted on the vehicle. Therefore, the existing finder antenna is very demanding for the installation environment requirements and the mounting bracket design, which is difficult to meet.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, it is an object of the present invention to provide an antenna that can improve the stability of signal transmission.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a querier to which the antenna is applied.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides a transponder to which the antenna is applied.
  • a fourth aspect of the present invention provides a response system using the antenna.
  • An antenna includes: a metal base, a non-metallic outer casing, a circuit board, and a ferrite.
  • An accommodation space is defined between the outer casing and the base; the circuit board is disposed in the accommodation space, and an antenna circuit is integrated on the circuit board; the ferrite is disposed in the accommodation space, and At least a portion of the ferrite is spaced between the circuit board and the metal base.
  • the signal transmission strength of the antenna can be improved, thereby improving the stability of signal transmission.
  • the present invention provides a metal base, and the antenna can be stably installed through the metal base, thereby improving the assembly strength of the antenna.
  • the present invention also discloses a querier for a response system, the querier comprising an antenna according to the foregoing.
  • the invention also discloses a transponder for a response system, the transponder comprising an antenna according to the foregoing.
  • the present invention also discloses a response system comprising a Finder antenna and a transponder antenna, at least one of the Finder antenna and the transponder antenna comprising the aforementioned antenna.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a first embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a second embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG 3 is a schematic structural view of a third embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic structural view of a fourth embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a fifth embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural view of a sixth embodiment of an antenna according to the present invention.
  • antenna 1 metal base 11, non-metallic outer casing 12, circuit board 13, ferrite 14, receiving space 15, support column 16.
  • the antenna 1 of the embodiment of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
  • an antenna 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a metal base 11, a non-metallic outer casing 12, a circuit board 13, and a ferrite 14.
  • the accommodating space 15 is defined between the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11, and the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11 provide protection for the circuit board 13.
  • the circuit board 13 is disposed in the accommodating space 15, and the circuit board 13 is integrated with an antenna 1 line for receiving or transmitting signals.
  • the ferrite 14 is disposed in the accommodating space 15, and at least a portion of the ferrite 14 is interposed between the circuit board 13 and the metal base 11.
  • the structure of the antenna 1 is supported by the metal base 11, and in order to remove the influence of the metal base 11 on the performance of the antenna 1, the ferrite 14 is mounted under the circuit board 13.
  • the magnetic permeability of the ferrite 14 magnetic sheet is very high, so that most of the magnetic lines of force of the antenna 1 pass through the ferrite 14, and the absorption by the metal base 11 is avoided.
  • the signal of the antenna 1 line on the circuit board 13 can be reinforced, thereby increasing the signal strength of the transmission, thereby reducing the influence of the metal base 11 and the surrounding environment on the signal transmission.
  • the metal base 11 has a high structural strength, which facilitates the installation of the antenna 1 and improves the assembly strength of the antenna 1.
  • the signal transmission strength of the antenna 1 can be improved, thereby improving the stability of signal transmission.
  • the present invention provides the metal base 11 so that the antenna 1 can be stably installed through the metal base 11 Improve the assembly strength of the antenna 1.
  • the antenna 1 according to the above embodiment of the present invention may further have the following additional technical features:
  • the ferrite 14 is bonded to the surface of the circuit board 13 facing the metal base 11, that is, the circuit board 13 is oriented.
  • the surface of the metal base 11 is attached to the ferrite 14, that is, the ferrite 14 is disposed between the circuit board 13 and the metal base 11.
  • the ferrite 14 can serve as an insulator. After the electromagnetic wave radiated by the circuit board 13 encounters the metal base 11, a eddy current is formed on the surface of the metal base 11, and the electromagnetic energy is converted into heat energy, so that the electromagnetic wave cannot be radiated.
  • the ferrite 14 is a good conductor of electromagnetic waves.
  • a ferrite 14 is placed between the circuit board 13 and the metal base 11, and the ferrite 14 isolates the circuit board 13 from the metal base 11, so that electromagnetic waves radiated by the circuit board 13 are preferentially encountered after encountering the ferrite 14. It passes through the ferrite 14, and there is almost no loss, so that the electromagnetic wave can still radiate.
  • the edge of the ferrite 14 protrudes from the edge of the circuit board 13. Specifically, the edge of any of the ferrites 14 may protrude at least 30 mm from the edge of the circuit board 13.
  • the ferrite 14 is adhered to the inner bottom surface of the metal base 11, and the ferrite 14 covers the metal base 11. A part of the entire inner bottom surface or the inner bottom surface of the metal base 11.
  • the antenna 1 of the present invention may include one of the above technical features, or may be a combination of the above technical features.
  • the ferrite 14 is attached to the circuit board 13, and the ferrite 14 is spaced apart from the metal base 11. Specifically, the coverage of the ferrite 14 is the same as that of the circuit board 13, so that most of the magnetic lines of force of the antenna 1 pass through the ferrite 14, and the magnetic lines of the antenna 1 are prevented from being absorbed by the metal base 11.
  • the ferrite 14 is attached to the metal base 11, and the ferrite 14 is spaced apart from the circuit board 13. Specifically, the ferrite 14 covers the entire inner bottom surface of the metal base 11 so that most of the magnetic lines of force of the antenna 1 pass through the ferrite 14 to prevent the magnetic lines of the antenna 1 from being absorbed by the metal base 11.
  • the two sides of the ferrite 14 are respectively attached to the circuit board 13 and the metal base 11.
  • the ferrite 14 can exceed or equal the coverage of the circuit board 13. Specifically, the ferrite 14 covers the entire inner bottom surface of the metal base 11, and the coverage of the ferrite 14 exceeds the coverage of the circuit board 13, so that all the magnetic lines of force of the antenna 1 pass through the ferrite 14, so that the magnetic lines of the antenna 1 are prevented from being
  • the metal base 11 absorbs.
  • the circuit board 13, the ferrite 14 and the metal base 11 are spaced apart from each other, and the ferrite 14 is located between the circuit board 13 and the metal base 11.
  • the accommodating space 15 is filled with an insulating damper medium, and the insulating damper medium can be filled. Space 15, can improve the shock absorption performance of the antenna.
  • the insulating damping medium may be polyurethane, or the receiving space 15 is filled with polyurethane.
  • the antenna 1 includes a support post 16 which can be supported by the support post 16 .
  • the circuit board 13 is supported by the support post 16 and the support post 16 is connected thereto.
  • the support post 16 for supporting the ferrite 14 may be a support post 16 for supporting the circuit board 13, in other words, at least one of the metal base 11 and the non-metallic outer casing 12 is provided with a support post 16, ferrite Both the 14 and the circuit board 13 are supported by the support columns 16.
  • the ferrite 14 is attached to the circuit board 13, and the ferrite 14 is spaced apart from the metal base 11, the support post 16 is disposed on the metal base 11, and the support post and the circuit board 13 and the ferrite 14 are At least one of them is connected. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the support post 16 is disposed between the metal base 11 and the ferrite 14.
  • the ferrite 14 is attached to the circuit board 13, and the ferrite 14 is spaced apart from the metal base 11, and the support post 16 can be connected between the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the circuit board 13.
  • the ferrite 14 is attached to the inner bottom surface of the metal base 11, and the circuit board 13 and the ferrite 14 are spaced apart from each other.
  • the support post 16 is disposed on the metal base 11 and connected to the circuit board 13.
  • the support post 16 may be mounted on one of the metal base 11 and the non-metallic outer casing 12, or the metal support post 16 may be disposed on the metal base 11 and the non-metallic outer casing 12. Due to the high structural strength of the metal base 11, Preferably, the support post 16 is disposed on the metal base 11.
  • the present invention may also adopt other structures for positioning the circuit board 13, for example, providing a partition in the accommodating space 15 to support the circuit board 13, or directly connecting or integrally forming the circuit board 13 with the non-metal housing 12. .
  • both the circuit board 13 and the ferrite 14 are stably mounted.
  • the support plate 16 may be omitted, and the circuit board 13 and the ferrite 14 may be laminated, and ferrite is provided.
  • the body 14 is mounted on the metal base 11, and similarly, if the circuit board 13 is stably mounted on the non-metal case 12, the circuit board 13 and the ferrite 14 are attached, and it is not necessary to provide a support column.
  • stabilization of the circuit board 13 and shock absorption can be achieved by filling the material in the accommodating space 15.
  • the accommodating space 15 is filled with materials to position the circuit board 13 and the ferrite 14, the support column 16 can be omitted.
  • the circuit board 13 is mounted, and of course, the assembly stability of the circuit board 13 can be further improved by the support post 16 and the filling material.
  • the circuit board 13, the ferrite 14 and the metal base 11 are plate-likely arranged in the vertical direction and parallel to each other, and the projection of the circuit board 13 on the horizontal surface is located at the ferrite 14 Inside the outer contour of the projection on the horizontal plane. That is to say, the coverage of the ferrite 14 is larger than the coverage of the circuit board 13, so that the ferrite 14 can function well to reduce or prevent the metal base 11 from absorbing the magnetic lines of the circuit board 13.
  • the ferrite 14 is configured to have a magnetic flux greater than the maximum magnetic flux of the antenna 1 circuit.
  • a flexible sealing ring is provided at the junction of the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11.
  • non-metallic outer casing 12 is screwed to the metal base 11.
  • the non-metallic outer casing 12 is a fiberglass housing. To achieve a seal.
  • the antenna 1 uses the circuit board 13 to integrate the antenna 1 line and the matching circuit to form a core component.
  • a circuit board 13 eg, a PCB board
  • integrated circuit output component is coupled to the coaxial cable.
  • the signal is transmitted to the host via a cable.
  • a ferrite magnetic piece is mounted under the circuit board 13 at a frequency of 27 ⁇ 5 MHz.
  • the principle of use of ferrite magnetic sheets is that the ferrite has a very high magnetic permeability and a relatively small magnetic loss.
  • the antenna 1 is fixed at the bottom by a metal base 11.
  • the metal base 11 can be made of an aluminum alloy, a magnesium alloy or a copper plate, and the use of a ferrous material is avoided. Because the magnetic permeability and magnetic loss of the ferrous material are high, the magnetic flux radiated from the antenna 1 is absorbed to increase the loss.
  • the antenna 1 is covered with a non-metallic material casing. A material with high anti-aging strength such as FRP is preferred.
  • the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11 can be fastened by bolts, and the installation is convenient.
  • a flexible sealing ring or other sealing means is provided between the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11 for dustproof and waterproof purposes.
  • the antenna 1 of the present invention has an outstanding technical effect as compared with the antenna 1 in the related art.
  • all the outer casings are made of polyester material, which has poor strength and can only be horizontally hoisted during installation.
  • the metal base 11 of the invention increases the structural strength and is easy to install. It can be hoisted or side mounted or even tilted during installation.
  • the metal environment behind the antenna is different, the frequency of the antenna will fluctuate, the magnetic field strength will decrease, the signal will be distorted, and even the signal will not be transmitted. Therefore, the requirements of the metal environment around the antenna are very demanding. There is no requirement for metal parts within 50 mm of the rear side of the antenna.
  • the present invention does not impose strict requirements on the metal environment behind the metal base 11 of the antenna 1. That is, whether there is metal behind the metal base 11, the size of the metal, and the fluctuation of the performance of the antenna 1 can be neglected. There is no need to consider the clearance problem during installation.
  • the thickness of the finder antenna is generally about 100mm.
  • the thickness of the antenna 1 of the present invention can be reduced to less than 60 mm, which effectively reduces the installation space.
  • the antenna 1 of the present invention employs a circuit board 13 to integrate an antenna 1 line and a matching circuit to form a core component.
  • the PCB board integrated circuit output unit is connected to the coaxial cable.
  • the signal is transmitted to the host via a cable.
  • the coverage size of the ferrite needs to exceed the coverage of the antenna 1 area by at least 30 mm/edge. Ferrite performance at 27MHz, the higher the magnetic permeability, the better, the smaller the magnetic loss, the better.
  • the thickness of the ferrite is such that the magnetic flux of the magnetic sheet is larger than the maximum magnetic flux of the antenna 1 as needed to prevent loss due to magnetic saturation of the ferrite.
  • the bottom of the antenna 1 is fixed at the bottom with a metal base 11.
  • a gap is left between the metal base 11 and the circuit board 13, the circuit board 13 and the ferrite 14 are attached, and the support post 16 is disposed between the ferrite 14 and the metal base 11, thereby realizing the ferrite 14 and the metal base 11.
  • the spacing between the boards is such that the circuit board 13 is supported by the support posts 16.
  • the antenna 1 is covered with a non-metallic material casing.
  • a material with high anti-aging strength such as FRP is preferred.
  • the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11 can be fastened by bolts, and the installation is convenient.
  • a flexible sealing ring or other sealing means is provided between the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11 for dustproof and waterproof purposes.
  • the accommodation space 15 of the antenna 1 of FIG. 1 is filled with polyurethane to increase the shock and pressure resistance of the product.
  • the circuit board 13 is used to integrate the antenna 1 line and the matching circuit to form a core component.
  • the circuit board 13 integrated circuit output unit is connected to the coaxial cable.
  • the signal is transmitted to the host via a cable.
  • the ferrite 14 is attached to the metal base 11 in close proximity.
  • the ferrite 14 magnet piece is filled as much as possible inside the metal base 11. At the same time, the coverage of the ferrite 14 needs to be at least 30 mm/side beyond the line area.
  • an alternating electric field is applied to both ends of the line coil, the line coil radiates an alternating electromagnetic field. The maximum field strength of the electromagnetic field is concentrated around the line coil.
  • the size of the ferrite 14 exceeds the outer edge of the line by 30 mm/side, and the ferrite 14 can retain the electromagnetic field of the line to the greatest extent, otherwise it will leak out and be absorbed by the metal base 11. Ferrite performance at 27MHz, the higher the magnetic permeability, the better, the smaller the magnetic loss, the better.
  • the thickness of the ferrite is such that the magnetic flux of the magnetic sheet is larger than the maximum magnetic flux of the antenna 1 as needed to prevent loss due to magnetic saturation of the ferrite.
  • the bottom of the antenna 1 is fixed by the metal base 11 at the bottom. A space is left between the metal base 11 and the circuit board 13, and the circuit board 13 is supported by the support post 16.
  • the antenna 1 is covered with a non-metallic outer casing 12.
  • a material with high anti-aging strength such as FRP is preferred.
  • the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11 can be fastened by bolts, and the installation is convenient.
  • a flexible sealing ring or other sealing means is provided between the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11 for dustproof and waterproof purposes.
  • the accommodation space 15 of the antenna 1 of FIG. 3 is filled with polyurethane to increase the seismic and compressive resistance of the product.
  • the circuit board 13 is used to integrate the antenna 1 line and the matching circuit to form a core component.
  • the PCB board integrated circuit output unit is connected to the coaxial cable.
  • the signal is transmitted to the host via a cable.
  • the ferrite 14 is attached to the metal base 11 in close proximity.
  • the ferrite 14 magnetic sheet is placed close to the mounting circuit board 13.
  • the ferrite 14 magnet piece is filled as much as possible inside the metal base 11.
  • the coverage size of the ferrite needs to exceed the coverage of the antenna 1 area by at least 30 mm/edge.
  • Ferrite performance at 27MHz the higher the magnetic permeability, the better, the smaller the magnetic loss, the better.
  • the thickness of the ferrite is such that the magnetic flux of the magnetic sheet is larger than the maximum magnetic flux of the antenna 1 as needed to prevent loss due to magnetic saturation of the ferrite.
  • the antenna 1 is covered with a non-metallic material casing. A material with high anti-aging strength such as FRP is preferred.
  • the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11 can be fastened by bolts, and the installation is convenient. A flexible sealing ring or other sealing means is provided between the non-metallic outer casing 12 and the metal base 11 for dustproof and waterproof purposes.
  • the accommodation space 15 of the antenna 1 of FIG. 5 is filled with polyurethane to increase the shock and pressure resistance of the product.
  • the present invention also provides a querier comprising the aforementioned antenna 1. Improve the stability of the response system, assembly strength, and reduce the environmental requirements of the response system.
  • the invention also provides a transponder comprising the aforementioned antenna 1. Improve the stability of the response system, assembly strength, and reduce the environmental requirements of the response system.
  • the present invention also provides a response system comprising a querier and a transponder, at least one of the querier and the transponder comprising the aforementioned antenna 1. Improve the stability of the response system, assembly strength, and reduce the environmental requirements of the response system.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种天线、查询器天线、应答器天线和应答系统，所述天线包括：金属底座、非金属外壳、电路板和铁氧体。外壳与底座之间限定出容纳空间；电路板设在容纳空间内，电路板上集成有天线线路；铁氧体设在容纳空间内，且铁氧体的至少一部分间隔在电路板与金属底座之间。根据本发明实施例的天线，可以提高天线的信号传输强度，从而提高信号传输的稳定性，另外，本发明设置了金属底座，可以通过金属底座稳定地安装天线，从而提高天线的装配强度。

Description

天线、查询器天线、应答器天线和应答系统
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求于2017年03月29日提交至中国国家知识产权局的专利申请号为201710198252.3的中国专利申请的优先权，其公开内容通过引用并入本文。
技术领域
本发明属于通信设备技术领域，特别涉及一种天线、查询器天线、应答器天线和应答系统。
背景技术
点式应答器系统包括应答器、查询器主机和查询器天线等。应答器属于地面设备，放置在铁路轨道中间。查询器主机和查询器天线属于车载设备，查询器主机放置在车载机柜中，查询器天线放置在车底，与应答器正对。当有列车经过应答器上方时，列车上查询器通过查询器天线发出的功率载波(27.095MHz)将应答器激活，应答器向查询器发出应答器内置的信息，包括公里标、限速和坡度等各种关键信息。查询器接收到这些信息，通过车载控制系统保证列车的安全运行。应答器传输采用电磁感应构成高速点式数据传输。安装于枕木上的地面应答器不需要外加电源，平时处于休眠状态，仅靠接收查询器的功率以进行工作，并同时向查询器发送信息。
另外，射频天线在系统中起重要作用。一方面通过射频天线建立了一个稳定的磁场以获取能量使电路工作，另外还通过射频天线传输携带有用信息的载波信号。
相关技术中的查询器天线，常规外形尺寸长445mm、宽303mm和高103mm，内部在PCB电路板上集成天线线路和匹配电路，外部采用电木和聚酯材料填充以达到保护的作用。为了保证天线发射的电磁场不被干扰或吸收，天线周围不能有金属部件。因此天线外壳采用厚厚的聚酯材料填充。这种外壳很笨重，强度差，远不及金属材料，给车载安装带来不便。由于天线的强度差，天线的安装只能严格按照要求进行水平吊装，以便减少列车运行过程中震动转弯变速等引起的剪切力和冲击力。由于天线电磁场的强度要求，在车载安装时，天线周边200mm内不能有金属部件。所以现有的查询器天线对于安装环境要求和安装支架设计十分苛刻，很难满足。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少在一定程度上解决相关技术中的技术问题之一。为此，本发明的一个目的在于提出一种天线，可以提高信号传输的稳定性。
本发明第二方面提供了一种应用该天线的查询器。
本发明第三方面提供了一种应用该天线的应答器。
本发明第四方面提供了一种应用该天线的应答系统。
根据本发明实施例的天线，包括：金属底座、非金属外壳、电路板和铁氧体。所述外壳与所述底座之间限定出容纳空间；所述电路板设在所述容纳空间内，所述电路板上集成有天线线路；所述铁氧体设在所述容纳空间内，且所述铁氧体的至少一部分间隔在所述电路板与所述金属底座之间。
根据本发明实施例的天线，可以提高天线的信号传输强度，从而提高信号传输的稳定性，另外，本发明设置了金属底座，可以通过金属底座稳定地安装天线，从而提高天线的装配强度。
本发明还公开了一种用于应答系统的查询器，所述查询器包括根据前述的天线。
本发明还公开了一种用于应答系统的应答器，所述应答器包括根据前述的天线。
本发明还公开了一种应答系统，包括查询器天线和应答器天线，所述查询器天线和所述应答器天线中的至少一个包括前述的天线。
附图说明
图1为本发明天线第一实施例的结构示意图。
图2为本发明天线第二实施例的结构示意图。
图3为本发明天线第三实施例的结构示意图。
图4为本发明天线第四实施例的结构示意图。
图5为本发明天线第五实施例的结构示意图。
图6为本发明天线第六实施例的结构示意图。
附图标记：天线1，金属底座11，非金属外壳12，电路板13，铁氧体14，容纳空间15，支撑柱16。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，旨在用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
下面参照附图描述本发明实施例的天线1。
如图1至图6，根据本发明实施例的天线1，包括：金属底座11、非金属外壳12、电路板13和铁氧体14。非金属外壳12与金属底座11之间限定出容纳空间15，非金属外壳12与金属底座11对电路板13提供保护。电路板13设在容纳空间15内，电路板13上集成有天线1线路，天线1线路用于接收或发送信号。铁氧体14设在容纳空间15内，且铁氧体14的至少一部分间隔在电路板13与金属底座11之间。
本发明中，天线1结构采用金属底座11支撑，为了去掉金属底座11对天线1性能的影响，在电路板13下方安装铁氧体14。铁氧体14磁片的导磁率非常高，使天线1的大部分磁力线从铁氧体14通过，避免了被金属底座11吸收。
通过铁氧体14，可以加强电路板13上天线1线路的信号，从而提高传输的信号强度，从而减小金属底座11以及周围环境的金属对信号传输的影响。而且金属底座11结构强度高，可以方便天线1的安装，并提高天线1的装配强度。
根据本发明实施例的天线1，可以提高天线1的信号传输强度，从而提高信号传输的稳定性，另外，本发明设置了金属底座11，可以通过金属底座11使得天线1可以稳定地安装，从而提高天线1的装配强度。
另外，根据本发明上述实施例的天线1，还可以具有如下附加的技术特征：
如图1、图2、图5和图6所示，在本发明的一个实施例中，铁氧体14与电路板13的面向金属底座11的表面贴合，也就是说，电路板13朝向金属底座11的表面与铁氧体14贴合，即铁氧体14设置在电路板13和金属底座11之间。另外，铁氧体14可以起隔离作用。电路板13辐射的电磁波在遇到金属底座11后，会在金属底座11表面形成涡旋电流，将电磁能转化为热能消耗掉，这样电磁波就不能辐射出去。铁氧体14是电磁波的良导体。在电路板13和金属底座11之间放一个铁氧体14，铁氧体14就会将电路板13与金属底座11隔离，这样电路板13辐射的电磁波遇到铁氧体14后就会优先从铁氧体14通过，而且几乎没有损耗，这样电磁波还是可以辐射出去。
进一步地，如图5和图6所示，铁氧体14的边沿伸出电路板13的边沿。具体的，铁氧体14任一处的边沿可以凸出电路板13的边沿至少30毫米。
另外，如图3、图4、图5和图6所示，在本发明的一些实施例中，铁氧体14与金属底座11的内底面贴合，且铁氧体14覆盖金属底座11的整个内底面或金属底座11内底面的一部分。
结合上述描述，本发明的天线1可以包括上述技术特征中的一个，也可以是上述技术特征的结合。
在一具体实施例中，如图1和图2所示，铁氧体14与电路板13贴合，且铁氧体14与 金属底座11间隔设置。具体的，铁氧体14的覆盖范围与电路板13的覆盖范围相同，使天线1的大部分磁力线从铁氧体14通过，避免天线1的磁力线被金属底座11吸收。
在一具体实施例中，如图3和图4所示，铁氧体14与金属底座11贴合，且铁氧体14与电路板13间隔设置。具体的，铁氧体14覆盖金属底座11的整个内底面，使天线1的大部分磁力线从铁氧体14通过，避免天线1的磁力线被金属底座11吸收。
在一具体实施例中，如图5和图6所示，铁氧体14的两个侧面分别与电路板13和金属底座11贴合。铁氧体14可以超过或等于电路板13的覆盖范围。具体的，铁氧体14覆盖金属底座11的整个内底面，铁氧体14的覆盖范围超过电路板13的覆盖范围，使天线1的全部磁力线从铁氧体14通过，避免天线1的磁力线被金属底座11吸收。
在一具体实施例中，电路板13、铁氧体14以及金属底座11每两个之间均间隔设置，且铁氧体14位于电路板13和金属底座11之间。
如图2、图4以及图6所示，为了提高天线1的结构强度和稳定性，在本发明的一个实施例中，容纳空间15内填充有绝缘减震介质，绝缘减震介质可以充满容纳空间15，可以提高天线的减震性能。
进一步地，绝缘减震介质可以为聚氨酯，或者说容纳空间15内填充有聚氨酯。
当然，如图1至图4所示，所述天线1包括支撑柱16，可以通过支撑柱16来支撑电路板13，具体而言，电路板13由支撑柱16支撑，且支撑柱16连接在金属底座11和非金属外壳12中的至少一个上。
当电路板13悬空于容纳空间15内时，可以通过支撑柱16来支撑电路板13，而在铁氧体14悬空时，同样可以通过支撑柱16或其它结构来支撑铁氧体14。用来支撑铁氧体14的支撑柱16可以为用来支撑电路板13的支撑柱16，换句话说，金属底座11和非金属外壳12中的至少一个上设置了支撑柱16，铁氧体14和电路板13均通过支撑柱16进行支撑。
在具体实施中，铁氧体14与电路板13贴合，且铁氧体14与金属底座11间隔开，支撑柱16设在金属底座11上，且支撑柱与电路板13和铁氧体14中的至少一个相连。如图1和图2，支撑柱16设置在金属底座11和铁氧体14之间。
在具体实施中，铁氧体14与电路板13贴合，且铁氧体14与金属底座11间隔设置，支撑柱16可以连接在非金属外壳12和电路板13之间。
如图3和图4，铁氧体14与金属底座11的内底面贴合，电路板13和铁氧体14之间间隔设置，支撑柱16设在金属底座11上并与电路板13相连。
具体的，支撑柱16可以安装在金属底座11和非金属外壳12中的一个上，也可以在金属底座11和非金属外壳12上都设置金属支撑柱16，由于金属底座11的结构强度高，优选地，将支撑柱16设置于金属底座11上。
需要说明的是，本发明也可以采用其他结构来定位电路板13，例如，在容纳空间15内设置隔板来支撑电路板13，或者直接将电路板13与非金属外壳12固定连接或一体成型。
在一些情形下，电路板13与铁氧体14均被稳定地安装，如图5和图6所示，可以不设置支撑柱16，而将电路板13和铁氧体14贴合，铁氧体14安装在金属底座11上，同样地，如果将电路板13稳定地安装于非金属外壳12上，电路板13和铁氧体14贴合，也可以无需设置支撑柱。
另外，通过在容纳空间15内填充物料也可以实现电路板13的稳定以及减震等，在容纳空间15内填充了物料来定位电路板13和铁氧体14时，可以不设置支撑柱16来安装电路板13，当然，通过支撑柱16和填充物料可以进一步地提高电路板13的装配稳定性。
如图1至图6，进一步地，电路板13、铁氧体14和金属底座11为沿竖直方向依次布置并相互平行的板状，电路板13在水平面上的投影位于铁氧体14在水平面上的投影的外轮廓内。也就是说，铁氧体14的覆盖范围大于电路板13的覆盖范围，这样，通过铁氧体14可以起到很好的作用，降低或避免金属底座11对电路板13的磁力线进行吸收。
在本发明的一个实施例中，铁氧体14被构造成磁通量大于天线1电路的最大磁通量。
在本发明的一个实施例中，非金属外壳12与金属底座11的结合处设有柔性密封圈。
进一步地非金属外壳12与金属底座11螺钉连接。具体的，非金属外壳12为玻璃钢壳体。以实现密封。
如图1所示，天线1采用电路板13集成天线1线路和匹配电路，形成核心部件。电路板13(例如PCB板)集成电路输出部件连接同轴线缆。信号通过线缆传输到主机。电路板13的下方安装铁氧体磁片，使用频率27±5MHz。铁氧体磁片的使用原理是铁氧体导磁率非常高，而磁损耗相对很小。天线1下方安装铁氧体14后，使天线1的大部分磁力线从铁氧体14通过，避免磁力线被金属底座11吸收，以使天线1达到隔离金属目的。天线1最下方通过金属底座11固定。金属底座11可以采用铝合金、镁合金或铜板等材质，避免使用铁质材料。因为铁质材料的磁导率和磁损耗较高，会吸收天线1辐射出来的磁力线，增加损耗。天线1上方采用非金属材料外壳覆盖。首选玻璃钢等抗老化强度高的材质。非金属外壳12和金属底座11之间可以采用螺栓紧固，安装方便。非金属外壳12和金属底座11之间装有柔性密封圈，或其他密封措施，以达到防尘防水的目的。
与相关技术中的天线1相比，本发明的天线1具有突出的技术效果。
1、相关技术方案中外壳全部采用聚酯材料，强度差，且安装时只能水平吊装。本发明采用金属底座11增加了结构强度，便于安装。安装时可以吊装或侧装甚至倾斜安装。
2、在线路下方使用铁氧体材料隔绝金属底座11对天线1的影响。而且增加了磁通量，提高天线1的性能。
3.、相关方案中在天线后方金属环境不同，天线的频率会有一定波动，磁场强度降低，造成信号失真，甚至无法发送接收到信号，因此相关方案对天线周围金属环境的要求非常苛刻，一般要求天线后侧50mm内不能有金属部件。本发明对天线1金属底座11后方的金属环境没有严格要求。即金属底座11后方是否有金属，金属尺寸的大小，对天线1的性能影响波动可以忽略不计。安装时不需要考虑净空问题。
4、相关方案中查询器天线厚度一般在100mm左右。本发明天线1厚度可以缩减至60mm以内，有效降低了安装占用空间。
下面参照附图描述本发明的一些天线1的具体实施方案。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图1所示，本发明的天线1采用电路板13集成天线1线路和匹配电路，形成核心部件。PCB板集成电路输出部件连接同轴线缆。信号通过线缆传输到主机。PCB板的下方紧贴安装铁氧体磁片。铁氧体的覆盖范围尺寸需要超出天线1区域覆盖范围至少30mm/边。铁氧体性能在27MHz频率下，磁导率越高越好，磁损耗越小越好。铁氧体厚度根据需要保证磁片的磁通量大于天线1的最大磁通量，防止因铁氧体磁饱和而产生的损耗。天线1最下方用金属底座11固定。金属底座11与电路板13之间留有间距，电路板13和铁氧体14贴合，支撑柱16设置在铁氧体14和金属底座11之间，实现铁氧体14和金属底座11之间的间隔设置，即电路板13通过支撑柱16来支撑。天线1上方采用非金属材料外壳覆盖。首选玻璃钢等抗老化强度高的材质。非金属外壳12和金属底座11之间可以采用螺栓紧固，安装方便。非金属外壳12和金属底座11之间装有柔性密封圈，或其他密封措施，以达到防尘防水的目的。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图2所示，图1的天线1中容纳空间15内填充了聚氨酯，以增加产品的抗震和抗压能力。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图3所示，采用电路板13板集成天线1线路和匹配电路，形成核心部件。电路板13集成电路输出部件连接同轴线缆。信号通过线缆传输到主机。在金属底座11上方紧贴安装铁氧体14。铁氧体14磁片尽量填充金属底座11内部。同时铁氧体14的覆盖范围需要超出线路区域至少30mm/边。当给线路线圈的两端加交变电场时，线路线圈就会辐射交变电磁场。电磁场的最大场强集中在线路线圈的周围。铁氧体14尺寸超出线路的外沿30mm/边，铁氧体14就可以最大范围地将线路的电磁场保留，否则就会漏泄出去而被金属底座11吸收。铁氧体性能在27MHz频率下，磁导率越高越好，磁损耗越小越好。铁氧体厚度根据需要保证磁片的磁通量大于天线1的最大磁通量，防止因铁氧体磁饱和而产生的损耗。天线1最下方通过金属底座11实现固定。金属底座11与电路板13之间留有间距，电路板13用支撑柱16支撑。天线1上方采用非金属外壳12覆盖。首选玻璃钢等抗老化强度高的材质。非金属外壳12和金属底座11之间可以采用螺栓紧固，安装方便。非 金属外壳12和金属底座11之间装有柔性密封圈，或其他密封措施，以达到防尘防水的目的。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图4所示，图3的天线1中容纳空间15内填充了聚氨酯，以增加产品的抗震和抗压能力。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图5所示，采用电路板13集成天线1线路和匹配电路，形成核心部件。PCB板集成电路输出部件连接同轴线缆。信号通过线缆传输到主机。在金属底座11上方紧贴安装铁氧体14。铁氧体14磁片上方紧贴安装电路板13。铁氧体14磁片尽量填充金属底座11内部。同时铁氧体的覆盖范围尺寸需要超出天线1区域覆盖范围至少30mm/边。如图中所示。铁氧体性能在27MHz频率下，磁导率越高越好，磁损耗越小越好。铁氧体厚度根据需要保证磁片的磁通量大于天线1的最大磁通量，防止因铁氧体磁饱和而产生的损耗。天线1上方采用非金属材料外壳覆盖。首选玻璃钢等抗老化强度高的材质。非金属外壳12和金属底座11之间可以采用螺栓紧固，安装方便。非金属外壳12和金属底座11之间装有柔性密封圈，或其他密封措施，以达到防尘防水的目的。
在本发明的一个实施例中，如图6所示，图5的天线1中容纳空间15内填充了聚氨酯，以增加产品的抗震和抗压能力。
本发明还提供了一种查询器，查询器包括前述的天线1。提高应答系统的稳定性，装配强度，以及降低了应答系统对环境的要求。
本发明还提供了一种应答器，应答器包括前述的天线1。提高应答系统的稳定性，装配强度，以及降低了应答系统对环境的要求。
本发明还提供了一种应答系统，包括查询器和应答器，查询器和应答器中的至少一个包括前述的天线1。提高应答系统的稳定性，装配强度，以及降低了应答系统对环境的要求。
尽管上面已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，可以理解的是，上述实施例是示例性的，不能理解为对本发明的限制，本领域的普通技术人员在本发明的范围内可以对上述实施例进行变化、修改、替换和变型。

Claims (17)

  1. 一种天线，其特征在于，包括：
    金属底座；
    非金属外壳，所述外壳与所述底座之间限定出容纳空间；
    电路板，所述电路板设在所述容纳空间内，所述电路板上集成有天线线路；
    铁氧体，所述铁氧体设在所述容纳空间内，且所述铁氧体的至少一部分间隔在所述电路板与所述金属底座之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的天线，其特征在于，所述铁氧体与所述电路板的面向所述金属底座的表面贴合。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的天线，其特征在于，所述铁氧体的边沿伸出所述电路板的边沿。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的天线，其特征在于，所述铁氧体任一处的边沿均凸出所述电路板的边沿至少30毫米。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述铁氧体与所述金属底座的内底面贴合，且所述铁氧体覆盖所述金属底座的整个内底面或所述金属底座内底面的一部分。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述容纳空间内填充有绝缘减震介质。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6所述的天线，其特征在于，所述容纳空间内填充有聚氨酯。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述电路板由支撑柱支撑，且所述支撑柱连接在所述金属底座和所述非金属外壳中的至少一个上。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，所述铁氧体与所述电路板贴合，且所述铁氧体和所述电路板与所述金属底座间隔开，所述支撑柱设在所述金属底座上并与所述电路板和所述铁氧体中的至少一个相连。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的天线，其特征在于，所述铁氧体与所述金属底座的内底面贴合，所述电路板与所述金属底座和所述铁氧体间隔开，所述支撑柱设在所述金属底座上并与所述电路板相连。
  11. 根据权利要求1-10中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述电路板、所述铁氧体和所述金属底座为沿竖直方向依次布置并相互平行的板状，所述电路板在水平面上的投影位于所述铁氧体在水平面上的投影的外轮廓内。
  12. 根据权利要求1-11中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述铁氧体被构造成磁通量大于所述天线电路的最大磁通量。
  13. 根据权利要求1-12中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述非金属外壳与所述金属底座的结合处设有柔性密封圈。
  14. 根据权利要求1-13中任一项所述的天线，其特征在于，所述非金属外壳为玻璃钢壳体。
  15. 一种用于应答系统的查询器，其特征在于，所述查询器包括根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的天线。
  16. 一种用于应答系统的应答器，其特征在于，所述应答器包括根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的天线。
  17. 一种应答系统，其特征在于，包括查询器和应答器，所述查询器的天线和所述应答器的天线中的至少一个包括根据权利要求1-14中任一项所述的天线。
PCT/CN2018/074180 2017-03-29 2018-01-25 天线、查询器天线、应答器天线和应答系统 Ceased WO2018177010A1 (zh)

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