WO2018176690A1 - 节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统及处理方法 - Google Patents

节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统及处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2018176690A1
WO2018176690A1 PCT/CN2017/093144 CN2017093144W WO2018176690A1 WO 2018176690 A1 WO2018176690 A1 WO 2018176690A1 CN 2017093144 W CN2017093144 W CN 2017093144W WO 2018176690 A1 WO2018176690 A1 WO 2018176690A1
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Prior art keywords
fluidized bed
microwave
heat exchange
stage
bed dryer
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PCT/CN2017/093144
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
司崇殿
刘广军
周晶
韩红
李继森
孙玉红
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济宁学院
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Priority claimed from CN201720330563.6U external-priority patent/CN206600990U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201710205992.5A external-priority patent/CN106813458A/zh
Application filed by 济宁学院 filed Critical 济宁学院
Priority to KR1020187010674A priority Critical patent/KR102009777B1/ko
Publication of WO2018176690A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018176690A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/32—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action
    • F26B3/34—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by development of heat within the materials or objects to be dried, e.g. by fermentation or other microbiological action by using electrical effects
    • F26B3/347—Electromagnetic heating, e.g. induction heating or heating using microwave energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B1/00—Preliminary treatment of solid materials or objects to facilitate drying, e.g. mixing or backmixing the materials to be dried with predominantly dry solids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B15/00—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form
    • F26B15/10—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions
    • F26B15/12—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F26B15/18—Machines or apparatus for drying objects with progressive movement; Machines or apparatus with progressive movement for drying batches of material in compact form with movement in a path composed of one or more straight lines, e.g. compound, the movement being in alternate horizontal and vertical directions the lines being all horizontal or slightly inclined the objects or batches of materials being carried by endless belts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B23/00—Heating arrangements
    • F26B23/001—Heating arrangements using waste heat
    • F26B23/002—Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases
    • F26B23/004—Heating arrangements using waste heat recovered from dryer exhaust gases by compressing and condensing vapour in exhaust gases, i.e. using an open cycle heat pump system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/06—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried
    • F26B3/08—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour flowing through the materials or objects to be dried so as to loosen them, e.g. to form a fluidised bed

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of drying devices, and particularly relates to an energy-saving and environmentally-friendly integrated multi-stage microwave fluidized bed drying system and a processing method thereof.
  • Fluidized bed drying equipment is often used in today's dry grain, cash crops and lignite. Due to its different heating methods than conventional drying, microwave heating technology always takes precedence over microwave fluidized bed drying. Other substances are selectively heated by microwaves because water molecules are typically polar molecules with a dielectric loss factor that is much higher than typical materials. The dielectric constant of other components in the material is much smaller than the dielectric constant of water molecules, so the absorbing properties are weaker than that of water molecules, and water molecules can absorb microwave energy in large quantities and convert them into latent heat. This unique heating mechanism determines that the material is not heated as a whole, but selectively heats the water first, thereby improving the dewatering efficiency and improving the drying effect.
  • CN201410261215.9 discloses a microwave multi-stage fluidized bed drying device and a drying method thereof, which are suitable for drying materials with different water content by adjusting the inclination angle of the multi-stage distribution plate to control the residence time of the materials in the fluidized bed drying reactor.
  • the maximum utilization of microwave energy is achieved by changing the microwave drying power at the inlet of the multi-stage distribution plate.
  • the disadvantage of the invention is that the material is blocked by the inclined partition plate, thereby adjusting the material speed, but the material is easy to accumulate and difficult to adjust, so that the drying effect of the material is not ideal, and the power is large when the microwave is dried, and the magnetron used is used. The heat generated is directly emitted into the air, and there is a large amount of energy waste.
  • CN201410274838.X discloses a microwave fluidized bed hot air combined drying experimental device, which is suitable for microwave fluidized bed hot air combined drying of particles, sheets or strip materials (such as tobacco) in a porous medium, and microwave energy in the drying process thereof
  • High-speed molecular vibration excites polar molecules to constantly change orientation to produce non-thermal effects, accelerate the drying process, and protect the active ingredients mostly glycosides, terpene lactones and volatile oil materials (such as tobacco) to ensure The quality of the dried material, but the disadvantage of the invention is that when the tobacco or the like is dried, the exhaust gas generated after drying is directly discharged, and the tobacco contains a large amount of harmful substances such as nicotine, and the gas is not only caused by the environment after being discharged. The secondary pollution can also cause certain damage to the human body.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide an energy-saving and environmentally-friendly integrated multi-stage microwave fluidized bed drying system, which enables material drying speed, complete drying, and energy recycling, reducing resource waste, and avoiding organic volatilization in exhaust gas.
  • Environmental pollution caused by the object; the invention also provides a treatment method for the system.
  • the energy-saving and environmental protection integrated multi-stage microwave fluidized bed drying system of the invention comprises a fluidized bed dryer and a fluidized bed dry
  • a feed port is arranged above the dryer, and a discharge port is arranged below the outlet.
  • the top of the fluidized bed dryer is provided with an air outlet, the air outlet is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone, and the internal discharge port and the feed of the fluidized bed dryer are arranged.
  • a multi-stage conveyor belt with S-type transportation materials is arranged between the ports, and a microwave generator 1 is arranged on the side wall of the fluidized bed dryer below each discharge port of the multi-stage conveyor belt, and the air outlet of the cyclone separator is connected to the heat exchange condensation.
  • the inlet of the heat exchanger is provided with a heat exchange coil 1 , the inlet of the heat exchange coil 1 is external to the heat exchange condenser, and the other end of the heat exchange coil is connected to the suction port of the negative pressure fan.
  • the air outlet of the negative pressure fan is connected to the inside of the fluidized bed dryer, the outlet of the heat exchange condenser is connected to the water inlet of the waste water treatment tank, the microwave generator 2 is arranged above the waste water treatment tank, and the upper end of the water inlet of the waste water treatment tank is set.
  • the upper and lower walls of the wastewater treatment tank are provided with staggered barrier plates.
  • the bottom of the wastewater treatment tank is provided with an ozone distribution tube, and the lower end of the ozone distribution tube is connected with ozone disposed outside the wastewater treatment tank. Gas source.
  • a feed hopper is disposed above the feed port of the fluidized bed dryer, and a staggered distribution block is disposed in the feed hopper. Reduce the feed rate and prevent hot air from escaping from the feed port.
  • a material slanting plate is arranged below the feeding port of the fluidized bed dryer, and the swash plate is fixed on the inner wall of the fluidized bed outside the feeding port, and the lower part of the swash plate is arranged above the multi-stage conveyor to prevent materials. Directly falling, causing material to be scattered; the top of the fluidized bed dryer is provided with a plurality of adjustable uniform distribution plates, which can adjust the thickness of the material, thereby making the drying more uniform.
  • the microwave generator 1 comprises a microwave conduit 1 disposed on a sidewall of the fluidized bed dryer below each of the lower feed ports of the multi-stage conveyor belt, the microwave conduit is connected to the magnetron, and the magnetron is connected to the microwave power source.
  • a negative pressure fan 2 is connected to the lower side of the magnetron, and an air outlet of the negative pressure fan 2 is connected to the feed hopper. Recycling the heat generated by the microwave generator to reduce energy waste.
  • the discharge port of the fluidized bed dryer is connected to the upper part of the storage tank through a feed pipe, and the discharge port of the cyclone separator is connected to the upper part of the storage tank, and the heat exchange coil 2 is arranged inside the storage tank.
  • the air inlet 2 of the hot coil 2 extends out of the storage tank, and the other end of the heat exchange coil 2 is connected to the suction port of the negative pressure fan, and the discharge tube is arranged at the lower part of the storage box. Direct recovery of heat from the exhaust gas.
  • the microwave generator comprises a microwave conduit 2 disposed at the top of the wastewater treatment tank, a microwave conduit 2 connected to the magnetron 2, a magnetron 2 connected to the microwave power source, and a cathode of the magnetron tube passing through the pipeline and the negative pressure fan
  • the port is connected to recycle the heat generated by the microwave generator to reduce energy waste; the lower part of the wastewater treatment tank is provided with an outlet pipe.
  • the top wall of the microwave dryer is provided with a through hole for uniformly distributing the upper and lower plates.
  • the uniform distribution plate is provided with a rack on one side, and one side of the through hole is provided with a gear matched with the rack, and the gear is connected through the rotating shaft.
  • an adjusting handle is arranged at one end of the rotating shaft, and a window for observing the thickness of the material is arranged on the upper side of the fluidized bed dryer. Can be more convenient Adjust the thickness of the material.
  • the method for processing the energy-saving and environment-saving integrated multi-stage microwave fluidized bed drying system of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • Step 1 The material with the moisture content of 30-60% is sent to the feeding hopper, the material enters the fluidized bed dryer through the resistance plate, the magnetron is opened, the microwave is used to provide the drying heat source, and the microwave power is controlled 5-10 kW. , controlling the heating temperature in the fluidized bed dryer is 120-160 ° C;
  • Step 2 Turn on the multi-stage conveyor belt, control the transmission speed of each stage to be 0.2-0.5m/s, open the negative pressure fan and take the wind to the feed hopper for material preheating, control the wind speed to 0.5-0.8m/s, negative pressure fan
  • One provides a wind source for the fluidized bed dryer, controls the inlet air velocity to be 0.8-1.5m/s, the temperature is 40-60°C, observes the window, adjusts the thickness of the material of each conveyor belt to 8-12mm, and controls the material to be wet after drying. The rate is 10-15%, and the dried material enters the storage bin through the feeding pipe;
  • Step 3 The high temperature and high humidity gas generated in the fluidized bed dryer is gas-solid separated in the cyclone separator, and the separated powder enters the storage tank, and the separated gas enters the heat exchange condenser through the heat exchange coil After condensing, it enters the wastewater treatment tank in liquid form, adjusts the concentration of hydrogen peroxide to 30-50% through the hydrogen peroxide addition tank, adjusts the inlet concentration of the ozone gas source to 0-30mg/L, and opens the magnetic control tube to the wastewater in the wastewater treatment tank. Microwave heating treatment, the treated wastewater is discharged through the outlet pipe;
  • Step 4 The heat in the storage tank after the heat exchange of the heat exchange coil, the heat in the heat exchange condenser through the heat exchange coil, and the heat released by the magnetron 2 are all introduced by the negative pressure fan A hot air source is provided in the fluidized bed dryer to realize energy recovery and utilization.
  • step 3 the flow time of the wastewater in the wastewater treatment tank is 3-5 min.
  • the invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention utilizes a multi-stage conveyor belt and a uniform distribution plate to prevent material accumulation in the fluidized bed, so that the material is in a flowing state during processing, which can effectively avoid the accumulation of microwave heat energy and improve the drying effect;
  • the invention can recycle heat energy in exhaust gas, magnetron and materials to minimize energy waste
  • the present invention can treat the exhaust gas containing organic volatiles generated during drying, and solve the problems of the exhaust gas pollution to the environment during fluidized bed drying in the prior art.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention.
  • the energy-saving and environmentally-friendly integrated multi-stage microwave fluidized bed drying system shown in FIG. 1 comprises a fluidized bed dryer 1, a fluidized bed dryer 1 is provided with a feed port, and a discharge port is arranged below, a fluidized bed
  • the top of the dryer 1 is provided with an air outlet 7, and the air outlet 7 is connected to the air inlet of the cyclone 9, and the multi-stage conveyor belt 6 is provided with an S-type transportation material between the internal discharge port of the fluidized bed dryer 1 and the inlet.
  • the side of the fluidized bed dryer 1 below each discharge port of the multi-stage conveyor belt 6 is provided with a microwave generator 1 , and the air outlet of the cyclone separator 9 is connected to the inlet of the heat exchange condenser 11 , and the heat exchange condenser 11
  • the heat exchanger coil 22 is disposed inside, the air inlet of the heat exchange coil 22 is external to the 21 channel heat exchange condenser 11, and the other end of the heat exchange coil is connected to the suction port of the negative pressure fan 23, and the negative pressure fan
  • the gas outlet of the 23 is connected to the inside of the fluidized bed dryer 1, the outlet of the heat exchange condenser 11 is connected to the water inlet 24 of the wastewater treatment tank 15, and the microwave generator 2 and the water inlet of the wastewater treatment tank 15 are disposed above the wastewater treatment tank 15.
  • a hydrogen peroxide addition tank 20 is disposed above one end of the 24, and the inside and outside of the wastewater treatment tank 15
  • An obstructed partitioning block 16 is disposed on the wall, an ozone distribution pipe 18 is disposed at the bottom of the wastewater treatment tank 15, and an ozone gas source 19 disposed outside the wastewater treatment tank 15 is connected to the lower end of the ozone distribution pipe 18.
  • a feed hopper 3 is disposed above the feed port of the fluidized bed dryer 1, and a staggered barrier plate 4 is disposed in the feed hopper 3.
  • a swash plate 2 is disposed below the feed port of the fluidized bed dryer 1, and an upper portion of the swash plate 2 is fixed on the inner wall of the fluidized bed outside the feed port, and a lower portion of the slant plate 2 is disposed on the multi-stage conveyor Above the sixth, the top of the fluidized bed dryer 1 is provided with a plurality of adjustable uniform distribution plates 5.
  • the microwave generator 1 includes a microwave conduit 32 disposed on a sidewall of the fluidized bed dryer 1 below each of the lower feed ports of the multi-stage conveyor belt 6, and a microwave conduit 32 connected to the magnetron 31, a magnetron A 31 is connected to the microwave power source 12, and a negative pressure fan 2 is connected below the magnetron tube 31, and an air outlet of the negative pressure fan 2 is connected to the feed hopper 3.
  • the discharge port of the fluidized bed dryer 1 is connected to the upper portion of the storage tank 27 through the delivery pipe 29, and the discharge port of the cyclone separator 9 is connected to the upper portion of the storage tank 27, and the inside of the storage tank 27 is provided with a change.
  • the hot coil tube 25, the air inlet port 28 of the heat exchange coil tube 2 25 extends out of the storage tank 27, and the other end of the heat exchange coil tube 25 is connected to the suction port of the negative pressure fan 23, the storage tank 27
  • a discharge pipe 26 is provided at the lower portion.
  • the microwave generator comprises a microwave conduit 2 disposed at the top of the wastewater treatment tank 15, a microwave conduit 2 14 connected to the magnetron 2 13, a magnetron 2 13 connected to the microwave power source 12, and a side of the magnetron 2 13 through the pipeline
  • the suction port of the negative pressure fan-23 is connected, and the outlet pipe 17 is provided at the lower portion of the wastewater treatment tank 15.
  • the top wall of the fluidized bed dryer 1 is provided with a through hole for the uniform distribution plate 5 to move up and down, and a rack is disposed on one side of the uniform distribution plate 5, and a gear matched with the rack is disposed on one side of the through hole.
  • the gear is connected to the top wall of the microwave dryer through a rotating shaft, and one end of the rotating shaft is provided with an adjusting handle.
  • the upper side of the fluidized bed dryer 1 is provided with a window 8 for observing the thickness of the material.
  • Embodiment 2-4 is a processing method for an energy-saving and environmentally-friendly integrated multi-stage microwave fluidized bed drying system.
  • the garlic piece with the moisture content of 30% is sent to the feeding hopper 3.
  • the material enters the fluidized bed dryer 1 through the resistance plate 4, opens the magnetron 31, uses the microwave to provide a dry heat source, controls the microwave power 5 kW, and controls
  • the heating temperature in the fluidized bed dryer 1 is 120 ° C; the multi-stage conveyor belt 6 is opened, the transmission speed of each stage is controlled to be 0.2 m/s, and the negative pressure fan 2 is introduced to the feed hopper 3 for material preheating, and the wind speed is controlled.
  • the negative pressure fan-23 provides a wind source for the fluidized bed dryer 1, controls the inlet air velocity to be 0.8m/s, the temperature is 40°C, observes the window 8, and adjusts the material thickness of each conveyor belt to 12mm. After the material is dried, the moisture content is 12%.
  • the material After drying, the material enters the storage tank 27 through the feed pipe 29; the high temperature and high humidity gas generated in the fluidized bed dryer 1 is gas-solid separated in the cyclone 9
  • the separated powder enters the storage tank 27, and the separated gas enters the heat exchange condenser 11 and is condensed by the heat exchange coil 22, and then enters the waste water treatment tank 15 in a liquid form, and the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide water is adjusted to 40% by the hydrogen peroxide addition tank 20.
  • Adjusting the concentration of the ozone gas source 19 to 15 mg/L, and the flow of wastewater in the wastewater treatment tank 15 The time is 4 min; the magnetron 2 is turned on, and the wastewater in the wastewater treatment tank 15 is subjected to microwave heat treatment, and the treated wastewater is discharged through the outlet pipe 17; the heat and heat exchange condensation after heat exchange in the storage tank 27 through the heat exchange coil 2 25
  • the heat exchanged by the heat exchange coils 22 in the heat exchanger coils 22 and the heat radiated by the magnetron tubes 13 are all introduced into the fluidized bed dryer 1 through the negative pressure blower 23 to provide a hot air source for energy recovery and utilization.
  • Table 1 shows the water quality indicators before and after the exhaust gas generated in this embodiment is condensed and treated by the wastewater treatment tank 15.
  • the wheat with a moisture content of 60% is fed to the feed hopper 3.
  • the material enters the fluidized bed dryer 1 through the barrier plate 4, opens the magnetron 31, uses the microwave to provide a dry heat source, controls the microwave power 10 kW, and controls the flow.
  • the heating temperature in the chemical bed dryer 1 is 160 ° C; the multi-stage conveyor belt 6 is opened, the transmission speed of each stage is controlled to be 0.2 m/s, and the negative pressure fan is turned on, and the air is fed to the feed hopper 3 for material preheating, and the wind speed is controlled.
  • the negative pressure fan one 23 provides a wind source for the fluidized bed dryer 1, and controls the intake air speed to 1.5m / s, temperature is 60 ° C, observation window 8, adjust the thickness of the material of each conveyor belt is 8mm, control the moisture content of the material after drying is 10%, after drying, the material enters the storage tank 27 through the delivery pipe 29; fluidization
  • the high-temperature and high-humidity gas generated in the bed dryer 1 is gas-solid separated in the cyclone separator 9, and the separated powder enters the storage tank 27, and the separated gas enters the heat exchange condenser 11 through the heat exchange coil 22 After condensing, it enters the wastewater treatment tank 15 in a liquid form.
  • the ozone gas source 19 can be closed, and the hydrogen peroxide concentration tank 20 adjusts the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide to 30%, and the wastewater is treated in the wastewater.
  • the flow time of the tank 15 is 3 min; the magnetron 2 is turned on to microwave heat treatment of the wastewater in the wastewater treatment tank 15, and the treated wastewater is discharged through the outlet pipe 17; the heat in the storage tank 27 after heat exchange through the heat exchange coil 2
  • the heat exchanged by the heat exchange coils 22 in the heat exchange condenser 11 and the heat radiated by the magnetrons 23 are all introduced into the fluidized bed dryer 1 through the negative pressure fan 23 to provide a hot air source to realize energy. recycle and re-use.
  • the grain crop wheat is used as a dry material.
  • the process steps of the embodiment should also be followed, but the parameters in each step are different.
  • the organic volatile components released during the drying process of food crops are less, and no subsequent wastewater treatment is required.
  • the lignite particles with a moisture content of 35% are fed to the feed hopper 3, the material enters the fluidized bed dryer 1 through the barrier plate 4, the magnetron 31 is opened, the microwave is used to provide a dry heat source, and the microwave power is controlled to 8 kW.
  • the heating temperature in the fluidized bed dryer 1 is 130 ° C; the multi-stage conveyor belt 6 is opened, the transmission speed of each stage is controlled to be 0.3 m/s, and the negative pressure fan 2 is introduced to the feed hopper 3 for material preheating, and the wind speed is controlled.
  • the negative pressure fan-23 provides a wind source for the fluidized bed dryer 1, controls the inlet air velocity to be 1.3m/s, the temperature is 50°C, observes the window 8, and adjusts the material thickness of each conveyor belt to 10mm.
  • the moisture content is 15%, and after drying, the material enters the storage tank 27 through the delivery pipe 29; the high temperature and high humidity gas generated in the fluidized bed dryer 1 is gas-solid separated in the cyclone separator 9, The separated powder enters the storage tank 27, and the separated gas enters the heat exchange condenser 11 and is condensed by the heat exchange coil 22, and then enters the waste water treatment tank 15 in a liquid form, and the concentration of the hydrogen peroxide water is adjusted to 50% by the hydrogen peroxide addition tank 20.
  • Adjusting the concentration of the ozone gas source 19 to 30 mg/L, and the wastewater in the wastewater treatment tank 15 The moving time is 5 min; the magnetron 2 is turned on, and the wastewater in the wastewater treatment tank 15 is subjected to microwave heating treatment, and the treated wastewater is discharged through the outlet pipe 17; the heat and heat exchange after heat exchange in the storage tank 27 through the heat exchange coil 2
  • the heat transferred by the heat exchange coils 22 in the condenser 11 and the heat released by the magnetrons 23 are all introduced into the fluidized bed dryer 1 through the negative pressure fan 23 to provide a hot air source for energy recovery and utilization.
  • Table 2 shows the water quality indicators before and after the exhaust gas produced in this embodiment is condensed and treated by the wastewater treatment tank 15.

Abstract

一种节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统及其处理方法，干燥系统包括流化床干燥器(1)，流化床干燥器(1)内设多级传送带(6)和均匀分布板(5)，防止流化床内的物料堆积，使物料处理时处于流动状态，并以多级微波作为加热热源，可有效避免微波热能的集聚，改善干燥效果。废气、磁控管和物料中的热能回收利用，最大限度的减少能源浪费。物料经流化床干燥器(1)干燥后所产生的废气冷凝后进入废水处理箱(15)处理后排出，能对干燥时产生的含有有机挥发物的废气进行处理，解决了现有技术中流化床干燥时对环境带来的废气污染问题。

Description

节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统及处理方法 技术领域
本发明属于干燥装置领域，具体涉及一种节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统及处理方法。
背景技术
流化床干燥设备在现在的干燥粮食、经济作物和褐煤中会经常用到，微波加热技术由于其有别与常规干燥的加热方式，在利用微波流化床干燥过程中，水分总是优先于其他物质被微波选择性加热，这是因为水分子是典型的极性分子，其介电损耗因数远高于一般材料。而物料中其他组分的介电常数远小于水分子的介电常数，因此吸波性能较水分子更弱，水分子可以大量吸收微波能并转化为潜热。这种独特的加热机理决定了物料并不是整体加热，而是选择性先对水分进行加热，从而提高脱水效率、改善干燥效果。
CN201410261215.9公开了一种微波多级流化床干燥装置及其干燥方法，通过调整多级分布板倾斜角度控制物料在流化床干燥反应器内的停留时间，适宜于不同含水量物料的干燥，通过改变多级分布板馈入口处的微波干燥功率，实现微波能量的最大利用化。该发明的缺点在于：利用倾斜隔板来阻挡物料，从而调节物料速度，但是这样物料容易堆积且不易调节，使得物料干燥效果不理想，另外在微波干燥时功率较大，所使用的磁控管所产生的热量直接散发到空气中，存在大量的能源浪费。
CN201410274838.X公开了一种微波流化床热风联合干燥实验装置，适用于多孔介质中颗粒、片基或条状物料(如烟草)的微波流化床热风联合干燥，干燥过程中微波能以其高速的分子振动激发极性分子不停地改变取向而产生非热效应，加速干燥过程，对有效成分大多为苷类，萜类内酯和挥发油的物料(如烟草)有很好的保护作用，保证了干燥物料的品质，但该发明的缺点在于，在对烟草等物质进行干燥时，干燥后的所产生的废气直接外排，烟草中含有大量尼古丁等有害物质，经排出后气体不仅对环境造成了二次污染，还能对人体造成一定的伤害。
因此，针对以上问题，亟须一种干燥效果好，并能实现节能环保的微波流化床干燥系统。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，使得物料干燥速度快，干燥更完全，并且能够做到能源回收利用，减少资源浪费，另外可以避免废气中有机挥发物带来的环境污染；本发明同时提供该系统的处理方法。
本发明所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，包括流化床干燥器，流化床干 燥器上方设置有进料口、下方设置有出料口，流化床干燥器顶部设置有出气口，出气口连接旋风分离器的进气口，流化床干燥器内部出料口与进料口之间设置有S型运输物料的多级传送带，多级传送带的每级下料口下方的流化床干燥器侧壁上设置有微波发生器一，旋风分离器的出气口连接换热冷凝器的进口，换热冷凝器内部设置有换热盘管一，换热盘管一的进气口一通道换热冷凝器外部，换热盘管另一端连接负压风机一的吸气口，负压风机一的出气口连通到流化床干燥器内部，换热冷凝器出口连通废水处理箱的进水口，废水处理箱上方设置有微波发生器二，废水处理箱的进水口一端的上方设置有双氧水添加槽，废水处理箱内部上下两壁上设置有交错分布的阻隔板，废水处理箱底部设置有臭氧分布管，臭氧分布管下端连接设置在废水处理箱外部的臭氧气源。
所述流化床干燥器的进料口上方设置有进料斗，进料斗内设置有交错分布的阻料板。降低进料的速度，并且防止热气从进料口散出。
流化床干燥器的进料口下方设置有挡料斜板，挡料斜板上部固定在进料口外侧的流化床干燥内壁上，挡料斜板下部设置在多级传送带上方，防止物料直接落下，造成物料散乱；流化床干燥器顶部设置有多个可调节的均匀分布板，可以调节物料的厚度，从而使得干燥更均匀。
所述微波发生器一包括设置在多级传送带的每级下料口下方的流化床干燥器侧壁上的微波导管一，微波导管一连接磁控管一，磁控管一连接微波电源，磁控管一下方连接负压风机二，负压风机二的出风口连接到进料斗内。回收利用微波发生器产生的热能，从而减少能源浪费。
所述流化床干燥器的出料口通过输料管连接储料箱的上部，旋风分离器的出料口连接储料箱的上部，储料箱的内部设置有换热盘管二，换热盘管二的进气口二伸出储料箱，换热盘管二的另一端与负压风机一的吸气口相连，储料箱下部设置有出料管。直接回收利用废气中的热能。
所述微波发生器包括设置在废水处理箱顶部的微波导管二，微波导管二连接磁控管二，磁控管二连接微波电源，磁控管二一侧通过管道与负压风机一的吸气口连接，回收利用微波发生器产生的热能，从而减少能源浪费；废水处理箱的下部设置有出水管。
所述换热冷凝器的进口下方设置有不少于2个漏斗型挡板，漏斗型挡板的出气口交错分布。降低废气的进出速度，从而增加换热时间，使得热能回收更彻底。
所述微波干燥器的顶壁上设置有供均匀分布板上下移动的通孔，均匀分布板一侧设置有齿条，通孔的一侧设置有与齿条配合的齿轮，齿轮通过转轴连接在微波干燥器的顶壁上，转轴一端设置有调节把手，流化床干燥器上部侧边设置有观察物料厚度的窗口。可以更加方便 的调节物料的厚度。
本发明所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统的处理方法，包括以下步骤：
步骤一、将含湿量为30-60％的物料输至进料斗，物料经阻料板进入流化床干燥器，开启磁控管一，利用微波提供干燥热源，控制微波功率5-10kW，控制流化床干燥器内加热温度为120-160℃；
步骤二、开启多级传送带，控制每级传动速度为0.2-0.5m/s，开启负压风机二引风至进料斗为物料预热，控制风速为0.5-0.8m/s，负压风机一为流化床干燥器提供风源，控制进气风速为0.8-1.5m/s，温度为40-60℃，观察窗口，调整每级传送带物料厚度为8-12mm，控制物料干燥后含湿率为10-15％，干燥后物料经输料管进入储料箱；
步骤三、流化床干燥器内生成的高温高湿的气体在旋风分离器中进行气固分离，分离出的粉末进入储料箱，分离出的气体进入换热冷凝器经换热盘管一冷凝后以液体状进入废水处理箱，通过双氧水添加槽调节双氧水的浓度为30-50％，调节臭氧气源的进气浓度为0-30mg/L，开启磁控管二对废水处理箱内废水微波加热处理，处理后废水经出水管排出；
步骤四、储料箱内经换热盘管二换热后的热量、换热冷凝器内经换热盘管一换热后的热量、磁控管二所散出的热量均通过负压风机一引入流化床干燥器内提供热风源，实现能量回收利用。
步骤三中废水在废水处理箱的流动时间为3-5min。
本发明与现有技术相比，具有以下有益效果：
(1)本发明利用多级传送带和均匀分布板，防止流化床内的物料堆积，使物料处理时处于流动状态，可有效避免微波热能的集聚，改善干燥效果；
(2)本发明能把废气、磁控管和物料中的热能回收利用，最大限度的减少能源浪费；
(3)本发明能对干燥时产生的含有有机挥发物的废气进行处理，解决的现有技术中流化床干燥时对环境带来的废气污染等问题。
附图说明
图1为本发明结构示意图。
图中：1、流化床干燥器，2、挡料斜板，3、进料斗，4、阻料板，5、均匀分布板，6、多级传送带，7、出气口，8、窗口，9、旋风分离器，10、漏斗型挡板，11、换热冷凝器，12、微波电源，13、磁控管二，14、微波导管二，15、废水处理箱，16、阻隔板，17、出水管，18、臭氧分布管，19、臭氧气源，20、双氧水添加槽，21、进气口一，22、换热盘管一，23、负压风机一，24、进水口，25、换热盘管二，26、出料管，27、储料箱，28、进气口二，29、输料管，30、负压风机二，31、磁控管一，32、微波导管一。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例对本发明作进一步的说明。
实施例1
如图1所示的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，包括流化床干燥器1，流化床干燥器1上方设置有进料口、下方设置有出料口，流化床干燥器1顶部设置有出气口7，出气口7连接旋风分离器9的进气口，流化床干燥器1内部出料口与进料口之间设置有S型运输物料的多级传送带6，多级传送带6的每级下料口下方的流化床干燥器1侧壁上设置有微波发生器一，旋风分离器9的出气口连接换热冷凝器11的进口，换热冷凝器11内部设置有换热盘管一22，换热盘管一22的进气口一21通道换热冷凝器11外部，换热盘管另一端连接负压风机一23的吸气口，负压风机一23的出气口连通到流化床干燥器1内部，换热冷凝器11出口连通废水处理箱15的进水口24，废水处理箱15上方设置有微波发生器二，废水处理箱15的进水口24一端的上方设置有双氧水添加槽20，废水处理箱15内部上下两壁上设置有交错分布的阻隔板16，废水处理箱15底部设置有臭氧分布管18，臭氧分布管18下端连接设置在废水处理箱15外部的臭氧气源19。
所述流化床干燥器1的进料口上方设置有进料斗3，进料斗3内设置有交错分布的阻料板4。
流化床干燥器1的进料口下方设置有挡料斜板2，挡料斜板2上部固定在进料口外侧的流化床干燥内壁上，挡料斜板2下部设置在多级传送带6上方，流化床干燥器1顶部设置有多个可调节的均匀分布板5。
所述微波发生器一包括设置在多级传送带6的每级下料口下方的流化床干燥器1侧壁上的微波导管一32，微波导管一32连接磁控管一31，磁控管一31连接微波电源12，磁控管一31下方连接负压风机二30，负压风机二30的出风口连接到进料斗3内。
所述流化床干燥器1的出料口通过输料管29连接储料箱27的上部，旋风分离器9的出料口连接储料箱27的上部，储料箱27的内部设置有换热盘管二25，换热盘管二25的进气口二28伸出储料箱27，换热盘管二25的另一端与负压风机一23的吸气口相连，储料箱27下部设置有出料管26。
所述微波发生器包括设置在废水处理箱15顶部的微波导管二14，微波导管二14连接磁控管二13，磁控管二13连接微波电源12，磁控管二13一侧通过管道与负压风机一23的吸气口连接，废水处理箱15的下部设置有出水管17。
所述换热冷凝器11的进口下方设置有不少于2个漏斗型挡板10，漏斗型挡板10的出气口交错分布。
所述流化床干燥器1的顶壁上设置有供均匀分布板5上下移动的通孔，均匀分布板5一侧设置有齿条，通孔的一侧设置有与齿条配合的齿轮，齿轮通过转轴连接在微波干燥器的顶壁上，转轴一端设置有调节把手，流化床干燥器1上部侧边设置有观察物料厚度的窗口8。
实施例2-4为节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统的处理方法。
实施例2
将含湿量为30％的大蒜片输至进料斗3，物料经阻料板4进入流化床干燥器1，开启磁控管一31，利用微波提供干燥热源，控制微波功率5kW,控制流化床干燥器1内加热温度为120℃；开启多级传送带6，控制每级传动速度为0.2m/s，开启负压风机二30引风至进料斗3为物料预热，控制风速为0.5m/s，负压风机一23为流化床干燥器1提供风源，控制进气风速为0.8m/s，温度为40℃，观察窗口8，调整每级传送带物料厚度为12mm，控制物料干燥后含湿率为12％，干燥后物料经输料管29进入储料箱27；流化床干燥器1内生成的高温高湿的气体在旋风分离器9中进行气固分离，分离出的粉末进入储料箱27，分离出的气体进入换热冷凝器11经换热盘管一22冷凝后以液体状进入废水处理箱15，通过双氧水添加槽20调节双氧水的浓度为40％，调节臭氧气源19的浓度为15mg/L，废水在废水处理箱15的流动时间为4min；开启磁控管二13对废水处理箱15内废水微波加热处理，处理后废水经出水管17排出；储料箱27内经换热盘管二25换热后的热量、换热冷凝器11内经换热盘管一22换热后的热量、磁控管二13所散出的热量均通过负压风机一23引入流化床干燥器1内提供热风源，实现能量回收利用。
本实施例中所产生废气经冷凝后经废水处理箱15处理前后水质各项指标检测数据如表1所示。
表1实施例2废水处理箱进水及出水水质各项指标检测数据
指标 CODCr(mg/L) BOD5(mg/L) pH NH4 +-N(mg/L)
废水处理箱进水 6750 2000 6-6.8 120
废水处理箱出水 400 140 6-8 25
去除率 94.1％ 93％ - 79.1％
实施例3
将含湿量为60％的小麦输至进料斗3，物料经阻料板4进入流化床干燥器1，开启磁控管一31，利用微波提供干燥热源，控制微波功率10kW,控制流化床干燥器1内加热温度为160℃；开启多级传送带6，控制每级传动速度为0.2m/s，开启负压风机二30引风至进料斗3为物料预热，控制风速为0.8m/s，负压风机一23为流化床干燥器1提供风源，控制进气风速为 1.5m/s，温度为60℃，观察窗口8，调整每级传送带物料厚度为8mm，控制物料干燥后含湿率为10％，干燥后物料经输料管29进入储料箱27；流化床干燥器1内生成的高温高湿的气体在旋风分离器9中进行气固分离，分离出的粉末进入储料箱27，分离出的气体进入换热冷凝器11经换热盘管一22冷凝后以液体状进入废水处理箱15，因小麦属于粮食作物，干燥废水所含有机成分较小，臭氧气源19可以关闭，通过双氧水添加槽20调节双氧水的浓度为30％，废水在废水处理箱15的流动时间为3min；开启磁控管二13对废水处理箱15内废水微波加热处理，处理后废水经出水管17排出；储料箱27内经换热盘管二25换热后的热量、换热冷凝器11内经换热盘管一22换热后的热量、磁控管二13所散出的热量均通过负压风机一23引入流化床干燥器1内提供热风源，实现能量回收利用。
本实施例是以粮食作物小麦为干燥物料，当然，干燥其他如大豆、玉米等粮食作物时，也应遵循本实施例工艺步骤，只是各步骤中参数不同而已。粮食作物干燥过程中所释放的有机挥发组分较少，后续不需要废水处理。
实施例4
将含湿量为35％的褐煤颗粒输至进料斗3，物料经阻料板4进入流化床干燥器1，开启磁控管一31，利用微波提供干燥热源，控制微波功率8kW,控制流化床干燥器1内加热温度为130℃；开启多级传送带6，控制每级传动速度为0.3m/s，开启负压风机二30引风至进料斗3为物料预热，控制风速为0.6m/s，负压风机一23为流化床干燥器1提供风源，控制进气风速为1.3m/s，温度为50℃，观察窗口8，调整每级传送带物料厚度为10mm，控制物料干燥后含湿率为15％，干燥后物料经输料管29进入储料箱27；流化床干燥器1内生成的高温高湿的气体在旋风分离器9中进行气固分离，分离出的粉末进入储料箱27，分离出的气体进入换热冷凝器11经换热盘管一22冷凝后以液体状进入废水处理箱15，通过双氧水添加槽20调节双氧水的浓度为50％，调节臭氧气源19的浓度为30mg/L，废水在废水处理箱15的流动时间为5min；开启磁控管二13对废水处理箱15内废水微波加热处理，处理后废水经出水管17排出；储料箱27内经换热盘管二25换热后的热量、换热冷凝器11内经换热盘管一22换热后的热量、磁控管二13所散出的热量均通过负压风机一23引入流化床干燥器1内提供热风源，实现能量回收利用。
本实施例中所产生废气经冷凝后经废水处理箱15处理前后水质各项指标检测数据如表2所示。
表2实施例4废水处理箱进水及出水水质各项指标检测数据
Figure PCTCN2017093144-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017093144-appb-000002

Claims (10)

  1. 一种节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，包括流化床干燥器(1)，流化床干燥器(1)上方设置有进料口、下方设置有出料口，流化床干燥器(1)顶部设置有出气口(7)，出气口(7)连接旋风分离器(9)的进气口，其特征在于：流化床干燥器(1)内部出料口与进料口之间设置有S型运输物料的多级传送带(6)，多级传送带(6)的每级下料口下方的流化床干燥器(1)侧壁上设置有微波发生器一，旋风分离器(9)的出气口连接换热冷凝器(11)的进口，换热冷凝器(11)内部设置有换热盘管一(22)，换热盘管一(22)的进气口一(21)通道换热冷凝器(11)外部，换热盘管另一端连接负压风机一(23)的吸气口，负压风机一(23)的出气口连通到流化床干燥器(1)内部，换热冷凝器(11)出口连通废水处理箱(15)的进水口(24)，废水处理箱(15)上方设置有微波发生器二，废水处理箱(15)的进水口(24)一端的上方设置有双氧水添加槽(20)，废水处理箱(15)内部上下两壁上设置有交错分布的阻隔板(16)，废水处理箱(15)底部设置有臭氧分布管(18)，臭氧分布管(18)下端连接设置在废水处理箱(15)外部的臭氧气源(19)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，其特征在于：所述流化床干燥器(1)的进料口上方设置有进料斗(3)，进料斗(3)内设置有交错分布的阻料板(4)。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，其特征在于：流化床干燥器(1)的进料口下方设置有挡料斜板(2)，挡料斜板(2)上部固定在进料口外侧的流化床干燥内壁上，挡料斜板(2)下部设置在多级传送带(6)上方，流化床干燥器(1)顶部设置有多个可调节的均匀分布板(5)。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，其特征在于：所述微波发生器一包括设置在多级传送带(6)的每级下料口下方的流化床干燥器(1)侧壁上的微波导管一(32)，微波导管一(32)连接磁控管一(31)，磁控管一(31)连接微波电源(12)，磁控管一(31)下方连接负压风机二(30)，负压风机二(30)的出风口连接到进料斗(3)内。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，其特征在于：所述流化床干燥器(1)的出料口通过输料管(29)连接储料箱(27)的上部，旋风分离器(9)的出料口连接储料箱(27)的上部，储料箱(27)的内部设置有换热盘管二(25)，换热盘管二(25)的进气口二(28)伸出储料箱(27)，换热盘管二(25)的另一端与负压风机一(23)的吸气口相连，储料箱(27)下部设置有出料管(26)。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，其特征在于：所述微波发生器包括设置在废水处理箱(15)顶部的微波导管二(14)，微波导管二(14)连接磁 控管二(13)，磁控管二(13)连接微波电源(12)，磁控管二(13)一侧通过管道与负压风机一(23)的吸气口连接，废水处理箱(15)的下部设置有出水管(17)。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，其特征在于：所述换热冷凝器(11)的进口下方设置有不少于2个漏斗型挡板(10)，漏斗型挡板(10)的出气口交错分布。
  8. 根据权利要求3所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统，其特征在于：所述流化床干燥器(1)的顶壁上设置有供均匀分布板(5)上下移动的通孔，均匀分布板(5)一侧设置有齿条，通孔的一侧设置有与齿条配合的齿轮，齿轮通过转轴连接在微波干燥器的顶壁上，转轴一端设置有调节把手，流化床干燥器(1)上部侧边设置有观察物料厚度的窗口(8)。
  9. 一种节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统的处理方法，其特征在于：包括以下步骤：
    步骤一、将含湿量为30-60％的物料输至进料斗(3)，物料经阻料板(4)进入流化床干燥器(1)，开启磁控管一(31)，利用微波提供干燥热源，控制微波功率5-10kw,控制流化床干燥器(1)内加热温度为120-160℃；
    步骤二、开启多级传送带(6)，控制每级传动速度为0.2-0.5m/s，开启负压风机二(30)引风至进料斗(3)为物料预热，控制风速为0.5-0.8m/s，负压风机一(23)为流化床干燥器(1)提供风源，控制进气风速为0.8-1.5，温度为40-60℃，观察窗口(8)，调整每级传送带物料厚度为8-12mm，控制物料干燥后含湿率为10-15％，干燥后物料经输料管(29)进入储料箱(27)；
    步骤三、流化床干燥器(1)内生成的高温高湿的气体在旋风分离器(9)中进行气固分离，分离出的粉末进入储料箱(27)，分离出的气体进入换热冷凝器(11)经换热盘管一(22)冷凝后以液体状进入废水处理箱(15)，通过双氧水添加槽(20)调节双氧水的浓度为30-50％，调节臭氧气源(19)的进气浓度0-30mg/L，开启磁控管二(13)对废水处理箱(15)内废水微波加热处理，处理后废水经出水管(17)排出；
    步骤四、储料箱(27)内经换热盘管二(25)换热后的热量、换热冷凝器(11)内经换热盘管一(22)换热后的热量、磁控管二(13)所散出的热量均通过负压风机一(23)引入流化床干燥器(1)内提供热风源，实现能量回收利用。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的节能环保一体化多级微波流化床干燥系统的处理方法，其特征在于：步骤三中废水在废水处理箱(15)的流动时间为3-5min。
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