WO2018176286A1 - 激光脉冲发射装置、激光测量装置和移动平台 - Google Patents

激光脉冲发射装置、激光测量装置和移动平台 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018176286A1
WO2018176286A1 PCT/CN2017/078659 CN2017078659W WO2018176286A1 WO 2018176286 A1 WO2018176286 A1 WO 2018176286A1 CN 2017078659 W CN2017078659 W CN 2017078659W WO 2018176286 A1 WO2018176286 A1 WO 2018176286A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser
overvoltage protection
pulse
emitting device
driver
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Ceased
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PCT/CN2017/078659
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
刘祥
占志鹏
蒲文进
洪小平
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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SZ DJI Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to CN201780004470.7A priority Critical patent/CN108496093A/zh
Priority to PCT/CN2017/078659 priority patent/WO2018176286A1/zh
Publication of WO2018176286A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018176286A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S13/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of radio waves, e.g. radar systems; Analogous systems using reflection or reradiation of waves whose nature or wavelength is irrelevant or unspecified
    • G01S13/02—Systems using reflection of radio waves, e.g. primary radar systems; Analogous systems
    • G01S13/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S13/08—Systems for measuring distance only
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/28—Details of pulse systems
    • G01S7/282—Transmitters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01S—DEVICES USING THE PROCESS OF LIGHT AMPLIFICATION BY STIMULATED EMISSION OF RADIATION [LASER] TO AMPLIFY OR GENERATE LIGHT; DEVICES USING STIMULATED EMISSION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION IN WAVE RANGES OTHER THAN OPTICAL
    • H01S5/00—Semiconductor lasers
    • H01S5/04—Processes or apparatus for excitation, e.g. pumping, e.g. by electron beams
    • H01S5/042—Electrical excitation ; Circuits therefor
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
    • H02H9/04—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage
    • H02H9/041—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess voltage using a short-circuiting device

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of laser ranging technology, and in particular to a laser pulse emitting device, a laser measuring device and a mobile platform.
  • a laser emitter is generally driven by a Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor (MOSFET).
  • MOSFET Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a laser pulse emitting device, a laser measuring device, and a moving platform to reduce high-voltage transient pulses generated at a cathode of a laser emitter to prevent damage of the laser emitter, thereby improving reliability of the laser pulse emitting device And stability.
  • a laser pulse emitting device includes a pulse transmitting circuit and an overvoltage protection circuit
  • the pulse transmitting circuit includes a laser emitter and a driver, a first end of the laser emitter is used to connect a power source, a second end of the laser emitter is electrically connected to the driver, and the laser emitter is used in the Transmitting a laser pulse when the driver is turned on;
  • One end of the overvoltage protection circuit is electrically connected to the second end of the laser emitter, and the other end is electrically connected or grounded to the first end of the laser emitter, and the overvoltage protection circuit is used to reduce the laser High voltage transient pulses generated by the transmitter.
  • a laser measuring device comprising a laser pulse emitting device, the laser pulse emitting device comprising a pulse transmitting circuit and an overvoltage protection circuit;
  • the pulse transmitting circuit includes a laser emitter and a driver, a first end of the laser emitter is used to connect a power source, a second end of the laser emitter is electrically connected to the driver, and the laser emitter is used in the Transmitting a laser pulse when the driver is turned on;
  • One end of the overvoltage protection circuit is electrically connected to the second end of the laser emitter, and the other end is electrically connected or grounded to the first end of the laser emitter, and the overvoltage protection circuit is used to reduce the laser High voltage transient pulses generated by the transmitter.
  • a mobile platform comprising a laser measuring device and a platform body, the laser measuring device being mounted on the platform body, the laser measuring device comprising a laser pulse emitting device, the laser pulse emitting device comprising a pulse transmitting circuit and an overvoltage protection Circuit
  • the pulse transmitting circuit includes a laser emitter and a driver, a first end of the laser emitter is used to connect a power source, a second end of the laser emitter is electrically connected to the driver, and the laser emitter is used in the Transmitting a laser pulse when the driver is turned on;
  • One end of the overvoltage protection circuit is electrically connected to the second end of the laser emitter, and the other end is electrically connected or grounded to the first end of the laser emitter, and the overvoltage protection circuit is used to reduce the laser High voltage transient pulses generated by the transmitter.
  • the laser pulse emitting device is configured to provide the overvoltage protection circuit, and connect one end of the overvoltage protection circuit to the second end of the laser emitter, and the other end is connected to the first end of the laser emitter Or grounding, so that when there is a high voltage transient pulse at the second end of the laser emitter, the high voltage transient pulse is reduced to prevent the laser emitter from being damaged by the high voltage transient pulse, which is beneficial to the lifting of the laser pulse emitting device. Reliability and stability.
  • FIG. 1 is a first schematic structural view of a laser pulse emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a second schematic structural view of a laser pulse emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing a third structure of a laser pulse emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a fourth schematic structural view of a laser pulse emitting device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic structural view of a laser measuring device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a laser pulse emitting device 100 including a pulse transmitting circuit 110 and an overvoltage protection circuit 130.
  • the pulse transmitting circuit 110 includes a laser emitter 111 and a driver 113.
  • the first end of the laser emitter 111 is used to connect a power source VCC, and the second end of the laser emitter 111 is electrically connected to the driver 113.
  • the laser emitter 111 is used to emit a laser pulse signal when the driver 113 is turned on.
  • the driver 113 can include a control signal input terminal Ctrl for inputting a switch control signal, and controlling the laser emitter 111 to be turned on or off according to the switch control signal.
  • One end of the overvoltage protection circuit 130 is electrically connected to the second end of the laser emitter 111, the other end of the overvoltage protection circuit 130 is grounded, and the overvoltage protection circuit 130 is used at the driver 113 When the turn-on is turned off, the high voltage transient pulse generated at the second end of the laser emitter 111 is lowered.
  • the laser emitter 111 includes a laser emitting diode D1
  • the overvoltage protection circuit 130 includes an overvoltage protection diode D2
  • the driver 113 includes a driving switch tube Q1.
  • the driving switch Q1 includes a gate g, a source s, and a drain d.
  • the gate g of the driving switch tube Q1 is used to input a switch control signal, the source s of the driving switch tube Q1 is grounded, and the drain d of the driving switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the laser emitting diode D1.
  • the anode of the laser emitting diode D1 is used to connect the power source VCC.
  • the driving switch transistor Q1 is an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor.
  • the cathode of the overvoltage protection diode D2 is electrically connected to the second end of the laser emitter 111 (ie, the cathode of the laser emitting diode D1), and the anode of the overvoltage protection diode D2 is grounded.
  • the overvoltage protection diode is a Zener diode or a Transient Voltage Suppressor (TVS) diode.
  • the driver 113 when the driver 113 is switched from on to off, that is, when the driving switch Q1 is switched from on to off, if a high voltage transient pulse generated at the cathode of the laser emitting diode D1 exceeds the overvoltage Protecting the reverse conducting voltage of the diode D2, the overvoltage protection diode D2 is turned on, and the high voltage transient pulse is discharged to the ground, so that the high voltage transient pulse can be reduced to prevent the laser emitting diode D1 Damaged by high voltage transient pulses.
  • a laser pulse emitting device 300 including a pulse transmitting circuit 310 and an overvoltage protecting circuit 330.
  • the pulse transmitting circuit 310 includes a laser emitter 311 and a driver 313.
  • the first end of the laser emitter 311 is used to connect a power source VCC, and the second end of the laser emitter 311 is electrically connected to the driver 313.
  • the laser emitter 311 is used to emit a laser pulse when the driver 313 is turned on.
  • the driver 313 can include a control signal input terminal Ctrl for inputting a switch control signal, and controlling the laser emitter 311 to be turned on or off according to the switch control signal.
  • the voltage protection circuit 130 is for reducing a high voltage transient pulse generated at the second end of the laser emitter 311 when the driver 313 is switched from on to off.
  • the laser emitter 311 includes a laser emitting diode D1
  • the overvoltage protection circuit 330 includes an overvoltage protection diode D2
  • the driver 313 includes a driving switch tube Q1.
  • the driving switch Q1 includes a gate g, a source s, and a drain d.
  • the gate g of the driving switch tube Q1 is used to input a switch control signal, the source s of the driving switch tube Q1 is grounded, and the drain d of the driving switch tube Q1 is electrically connected to the cathode of the laser emitting diode D1.
  • the anode of the laser emitting diode D1 is used to connect the power source VCC.
  • the driving switch transistor Q1 is an N-type metal-oxide-semiconductor transistor.
  • the anode of the overvoltage protection diode D2 is electrically connected to the second end of the laser emitter (ie, the cathode of the laser emitting diode D1), the cathode of the overvoltage protection diode D2 and the laser emitter One end (i.e., the positive electrode of the laser emitting diode D1) is electrically connected.
  • the driver 313 when the driver 313 is switched from on to off, that is, when the driving switch tube Q1 is switched from on to off, if a high voltage transient pulse generated at the cathode of the laser emitting diode D1 exceeds the overvoltage Protecting the turn-on voltage of the diode D2, the overvoltage protection diode D2 is turned on, and the high-voltage transient pulse is discharged to the power source VCC, so that the high-voltage transient pulse can be reduced.
  • the laser emitting diode D1 is prevented from being damaged by a high voltage transient pulse.
  • a laser measuring device 500 including a microcontroller 510, a laser pulse transmitting device 530, and a laser pulse receiving device 550.
  • the laser pulse transmitting device 530 can be as shown in FIG.
  • the microcontroller 510 is electrically connected to the control signal input terminal Ctrl of the laser pulse transmitting device 530
  • a switch control signal is provided for the laser pulse emitting device 530.
  • the laser pulse emitting device 530 is the laser pulse emitting device 100 shown in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2
  • the microcontroller 510 and the control signal input terminal Ctrl of the driver 113 of the laser pulse transmitting device 100 are electrically connected.
  • a connection is used to provide a switch control signal to the driver 113.
  • the laser measuring device is configured to sense external environmental information, such as distance information of the environmental target, angle information, reflection intensity information, speed information, and the like.
  • the laser measuring device 500 can be a radar.
  • the laser measuring device of the embodiment of the present invention can be applied to a mobile platform, and the laser measuring device can be installed on a platform body of the mobile platform.
  • a mobile platform with a laser measuring device can measure the external environment, for example, measuring the distance between the mobile platform and the obstacle for obstacle avoidance, and performing two-dimensional or three-dimensional mapping of the external environment.
  • the mobile platform includes at least one of an unmanned aerial vehicle, a car, and a remote control car.
  • the platform body When the laser measuring device is applied to an unmanned aerial vehicle, the platform body is the body of the unmanned aerial vehicle. When the laser measuring device is applied to a car, the platform body is the body of the car. When the laser measuring device is applied to a remote control car, the platform body is the body of the remote control car.
  • the laser pulse receiving device 550 includes a pulse receiving circuit 551, an amplifying circuit 553, a comparing circuit 555, and a time-to-digital converting circuit 557 that are electrically connected in sequence.
  • the pulse receiving circuit 551 is configured to receive a reflected laser pulse signal and convert the received reflected laser pulse into a voltage pulse signal output.
  • the reflected laser pulse signal is a laser pulse signal formed by the laser pulse signal emitted by the laser pulse emitting device 530 after being reflected by the target object.
  • the amplifying circuit 553 is configured to perform amplification processing on the voltage pulse signal, and the comparing circuit 555 is configured to convert the voltage pulse signal into a square wave signal according to a preset comparison threshold, and the time digital conversion circuit 557 is used to Measuring time information of a transition edge of the square wave signal.
  • the microcontroller 510 is electrically connected to the pulse receiving circuit 551, the amplifying circuit 553, the comparing circuit 555 and the time-to-digital converting circuit 557 for detecting a transition edge of the square wave signal measured by the digital converting circuit 557.
  • Time information calculating a pulse time of the reflected laser pulse signal, and further according to a pulse time of the laser pulse signal emitted by the laser pulse emitting device 530 and the reflection
  • the difference in pulse time of the laser pulse signal calculates the distance of the target object.
  • the digital conversion circuit 557 can separately measure the leading edge time information and the trailing edge time information, that is, the time information of the leading edge and the trailing edge jump of the square wave signal, and calculate the reflected laser pulse signal according to the two time information. Pulse time.
  • the laser pulse receiving device 550 may further include a peak detecting circuit 559 for detecting a peak of the reflected laser pulse signal. Since the measured leading edge time information is too small in the case of a large signal amplitude, the measured trailing edge time information is too large.
  • the microcontroller 510 may also be based on the peak value of the laser pulse signal. Correct the measured pulse time.
  • the microcontroller 510 is further configured to calculate, according to time information of a transition edge of the square wave signal measured by the digital conversion circuit 557, pulse energy of the reflected laser pulse signal, and according to The pulse energy adjusts the APD gain of the pulse receiving circuit 551. For example, when the ambient light is relatively strong and the optical noise is the main noise, the noise level is lowered by lowering the gain of the APD, and the comparison circuit 555 is prevented from being erroneously triggered by the noise.
  • the microcontroller 510 is further configured to calculate, according to time information of a transition edge of the square wave signal measured by the digital conversion circuit 557, pulse energy of the reflected laser pulse signal, and according to The pulse energy adjusts a comparison threshold of the comparison circuit 555. For example, when the ambient light is weak and the optical noise is equivalent to the electrical noise, by increasing the comparator threshold, the comparison circuit 555 can be prevented from being falsely triggered by the noise.
  • the amplifying circuit 553 can also adjust the amplification factor of the amplifying circuit 553 according to the pulse energy. For example, when the pulse energy is lower than a preset threshold, the preset amplification factor is kept unchanged, and when the pulse energy is higher than the preset threshold, the amplification factor of the amplification circuit 553 is reduced to prevent the amplification. Circuit 553 is saturated.
  • the structure and function of the laser pulse transmitting device 530 can be referred to the related description in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1 , FIG. 2 or FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 , and details are not described herein again.
  • the laser pulse emitting device is configured to provide the overvoltage protection circuit, and connect one end of the overvoltage protection circuit to the second end of the laser emitter, and the other end is connected to the first end of the laser emitter Or grounding, so that when there is a high voltage transient pulse at the second end of the laser emitter, the high voltage transient pulse is reduced to prevent the laser emitter from being damaged by the high voltage transient pulse, which is beneficial to the lifting of the laser pulse emitting device. Reliability and stability.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Semiconductor Lasers (AREA)

Abstract

一种激光脉冲发射装置（100）、激光测量装置和移动平台，该激光脉冲发射装置（100）包括：脉冲发射电路（110）和过压保护电路（130）；该脉冲发射电路（110）包括激光发射器（111）和驱动器（113），该激光发射器（111）的第一端用于连接电源，第二端与该驱动器（113）电连接，该激光发射器（111）用于在驱动器（113）开启时发射激光脉冲；该过压保护电路（130）的一端与激光发射器（111）的第二端电连接，另一端与激光发射器（111）的第一端电连接或接地，该过压保护电路（130）用于降低激光发射器（111）产生的高压瞬态脉冲。该激光脉冲发射装置（100）可以有效降低激光发射器（111）产生的高压瞬态脉冲。

Description

激光脉冲发射装置、激光测量装置和移动平台
本专利文件披露的内容包含受版权保护的材料。该版权为版权所有人所有。版权所有人不反对任何人复制专利与商标局的官方记录和档案中所存在的该专利文件或该专利披露。
技术领域
本发明涉及激光测距技术领域，尤其涉及一种激光脉冲发射装置、激光测量装置和移动平台。
背景技术
激光脉冲发射装置中，激光发射器一般通过金属氧化物半导体场效应管(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor，MOSFET)来驱动。在MOSFET从开启状态切换为关闭状态的瞬间，在激光发射器的阴极会产生较高的瞬态电压脉冲，该瞬态电压脉冲可能会导致激光发射器被损坏。
发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种激光脉冲发射装置、激光测量装置及移动平台，以降低在激光发射器的阴极产生的高压瞬态脉冲，防止激光发射器被损坏，从而提升激光脉冲发射装置的可靠性及稳定性。
一种激光脉冲发射装置，包括脉冲发射电路和过压保护电路；
所述脉冲发射电路包括激光发射器和驱动器，所述激光发射器的第一端用于连接电源，所述激光发射器的第二端与所述驱动器电连接，所述激光发射器用于在所述驱动器开启时发射激光脉冲；
所述过压保护电路的一端与所述激光发射器的第二端电连接，另一端与所述激光发射器的第一端电连接或接地，所述过压保护电路用于降低所述激光发射器产生的高压瞬态脉冲。
一种激光测量装置，包括激光脉冲发射装置，所述激光脉冲发射装置包括脉冲发射电路和过压保护电路；
所述脉冲发射电路包括激光发射器和驱动器，所述激光发射器的第一端用于连接电源，所述激光发射器的第二端与所述驱动器电连接，所述激光发射器用于在所述驱动器开启时发射激光脉冲；
所述过压保护电路的一端与所述激光发射器的第二端电连接，另一端与所述激光发射器的第一端电连接或接地，所述过压保护电路用于降低所述激光发射器产生的高压瞬态脉冲。
一种移动平台，包括激光测量装置和平台本体，所述激光测量装置安装在所述平台本体，所述激光测量装置包括激光脉冲发射装置，所述激光脉冲发射装置包括脉冲发射电路和过压保护电路；
所述脉冲发射电路包括激光发射器和驱动器，所述激光发射器的第一端用于连接电源，所述激光发射器的第二端与所述驱动器电连接，所述激光发射器用于在所述驱动器开启时发射激光脉冲；
所述过压保护电路的一端与所述激光发射器的第二端电连接，另一端与所述激光发射器的第一端电连接或接地，所述过压保护电路用于降低所述激光发射器产生的高压瞬态脉冲。
所述激光脉冲发射装置通过设置所述过压保护电路，且将所述过压保护电路的一端与所述激光发射器的第二端连接，另一端与所述激光发射器的第一端连接或接地，从而可以在所述激光发射器的第二端存在高压瞬态脉冲时，将所述高压瞬态脉冲降低，防止激光发射器被高压瞬态脉冲损坏，有利于提升激光脉冲发射装置的可靠性及稳定性。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例，对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不付出创造性劳动的前提下，还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明实施例的激光脉冲发射装置的第一结构示意图；
图2为本发明实施例的激光脉冲发射装置的第二结构示意图；
图3为本发明实施例的激光脉冲发射装置的第三结构示意图；
图4为本发明实施例的激光脉冲发射装置的第四结构示意图；
图5为本发明实施例的激光测量装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本发明实施例中的附图，对本发明实施例中的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述，显然，所描述的实施例仅仅是本发明一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于本发明中的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在没有付出创造性劳动前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本发明保护的范围。
请参阅图1，在本发明一个实施例中，提供一种激光脉冲发射装置100，包括脉冲发射电路110和过压保护电路130。
所述脉冲发射电路110包括激光发射器111和驱动器113，所述激光发射器111的第一端用于连接电源VCC，所述激光发射器111的第二端与所述驱动器113电连接，所述激光发射器111用于在所述驱动器113开启时发射激光脉冲信号。可以理解，所述驱动器113可以包括控制信号输入端Ctrl，用于输入开关控制信号，并根据所述开关控制信号控制所述激光发射器111开启或关闭。
所述过压保护电路130的一端与所述激光发射器111的第二端电连接，所述过压保护电路130的另一端接地，所述过压保护电路130用于在所述驱动器113由开启切换为关闭时，降低在所述激光发射器111的第二端产生的高压瞬态脉冲。
请参阅图2，在一种实施方式中，所述激光发射器111包括激光发射二极管D1，所述过压保护电路130包括过压保护二极管D2，所述驱动器113包括驱动开关管Q1，所述驱动开关管Q1包括栅极g、源极s和漏极d。
所述驱动开关管Q1的栅极g用于输入开关控制信号，所述驱动开关管Q1的源极s接地，所述驱动开关管Q1的漏极d与所述激光发射二极管D1的负极电连接，所述激光发射二极管D1的正极用于连接电源VCC。在本实施例中，所述驱动开关管Q1为N型金属-氧化物-半导体晶体管。
所述过压保护二极管D2的负极与所述激光发射器111的第二端(即所述激光发射二极管D1的负极)电连接，所述过压保护二极管D2的正极接地。在本实施例中，所述过压保护二极管为齐纳(Zener)二极管或者瞬变电压抑制(Transient Voltage Suppressor，TVS)二级管。
可以理解，当所述驱动器113由开启切换为关闭，即所述驱动开关管Q1由导通切换为截止时，若在所述激光发射二极管D1的负极产生的高压瞬态脉冲超过所述过压保护二极管D2的反向导通电压，则所述过压保护二极管D2导通，所述高压瞬态脉冲被泄放至地，从而可以将所述高压瞬态脉冲降低，防止所述激光发射二极管D1被高压瞬态脉冲损坏。
请参阅图3，在本发明一个实施例中，提供一种激光脉冲发射装置300，包括脉冲发射电路310和过压保护电路330。
所述脉冲发射电路310包括激光发射器311和驱动器313，所述激光发射器311的第一端用于连接电源VCC，所述激光发射器311的第二端与所述驱动器313电连接，所述激光发射器311用于在所述驱动器313开启时发射激光脉冲。可以理解，所述驱动器313可以包括控制信号输入端Ctrl，用于输入开关控制信号，并根据所述开关控制信号控制所述激光发射器311开启或关闭。
所述过压保护电路330的一端与所述激光发射器311的第二端电连接，所述过压保护电路330的另一端与所述激光发射器311的第一端电连接，所述过压保护电路130用于在所述驱动器313由开启切换为关闭时，降低在所述激光发射器311的第二端产生的高压瞬态脉冲。
请参阅图4，在一种实施方式中，所述激光发射器311包括激光发射二极管D1，所述过压保护电路330包括过压保护二极管D2，所述驱动器313包括驱动开关管Q1，所述驱动开关管Q1包括栅极g、源极s和漏极d。
所述驱动开关管Q1的栅极g用于输入开关控制信号，所述驱动开关管Q1的源极s接地，所述驱动开关管Q1的漏极d与所述激光发射二极管D1的负极电连接，所述激光发射二极管D1的正极用于连接电源VCC。在本实施例中，所述驱动开关管Q1为N型金属-氧化物-半导体晶体管。
所述过压保护二极管D2的正极与所述激光发射器的第二端(即所述激光发射二极管D1的负极)电连接，所述过压保护二极管D2的负极与所述激光发射器的第一端(即所述激光发射二极管D1的正极)电连接。
可以理解，当所述驱动器313由开启切换为关闭，即所述驱动开关管Q1由导通切换为截止时，若在所述激光发射二极管D1的负极产生的高压瞬态脉冲超过所述过压保护二极管D2的导通电压，则所述过压保护二极管D2导通，所述高压瞬态脉冲被泄放至电源VCC，从而可以将所述高压瞬态脉冲降低， 防止所述激光发射二极管D1被高压瞬态脉冲损坏。
请参阅图5，在本发明一个实施例中，提供一种激光测量装置500，包括微控制器510、激光脉冲发射装置530及激光脉冲接收装置550，所述激光脉冲发射装置530可以为图1、图2所示的激光脉冲发射装置100或图3、图4所示的激光脉冲发射装置300，所述微控制器510与所述激光脉冲发射装置530的控制信号输入端Ctrl电连接，用于为所述激光脉冲发射装置530提供开关控制信号。例如，若所述激光脉冲发射装置530为图1、图2所示的激光脉冲发射装置100，则所述微控制器510与所述激光脉冲发射装置100的驱动器113的控制信号输入端Ctrl电连接，用于为驱动器113提供开关控制信号。
在一种实施方式中，激光测量装置用于感测外部环境信息，例如，环境目标的距离信息、角度信息、反射强度信息、速度信息等。所述激光测量装置500可以为雷达。具体地，本发明实施方式的激光测量装置可应用于移动平台，激光测量装置可安装在移动平台的平台本体。具有激光测量装置的移动平台可对外部环境进行测量，例如，测量移动平台与障碍物的距离用于避障等用途，和对外部环境进行二维或三维的测绘。在某些实施方式中，移动平台包括无人飞行器、汽车和遥控车中的至少一种。当激光测量装置应用于无人飞行器时，平台本体为无人飞行器的机身。当激光测量装置应用于汽车时，平台本体为汽车的车身。当激光测量装置应用于遥控车时，平台本体为遥控车的车身。
在一种实施方式中，所述激光脉冲接收装置550包括依次电连接的脉冲接收电路551、放大电路553、比较电路555及时间数字转换电路557。所述脉冲接收电路551用于接收反射激光脉冲信号，并将接收到的反射激光脉冲转换为电压脉冲信号输出。其中，所述反射激光脉冲信号为所述激光脉冲发射装置530发射的激光脉冲信号经目标物体反射后形成的激光脉冲信号。
所述放大电路553用于对所述电压脉冲信号进行放大处理，所述比较电路555用于根据预设比较阈值将所述电压脉冲信号转换为方波信号，所述时间数字转换电路557用于测量所述方波信号的跳变沿的时间信息。
所述微控制器510与所述脉冲接收电路551、放大电路553、比较电路555及时间数字转换电路557均电连接，用于根据所述数字转换电路557测量到的方波信号的跳变沿的时间信息，计算所述反射激光脉冲信号的脉冲时间，进而根据所述激光脉冲发射装置530发射的激光脉冲信号的脉冲时间和所述反射 激光脉冲信号的脉冲时间之差计算所述目标物体的距离。可选的，数字转换电路557可以分别测量到前沿时间信息和后沿时间信息，也即方波信号的前沿和后沿跳变的时间信息，并根据该两个时间信息来计算反射激光脉冲信号的脉冲时间。
在一种实施方式中，所述激光脉冲接收装置550还可以包括峰值检测电路559，用于检测所述反射激光脉冲信号的峰值。由于在信号幅度较大的情况下，测量到的前沿时间信息偏小，测量到的后沿时间信息偏大，可选的，所述微控制器510还可以根据所述激光脉冲信号的峰值来对测量到的脉冲时间进行校正。
在一种实施方式中，所述微控制器510还用于根据所述数字转换电路557测量到的方波信号的跳变沿的时间信息，计算所述反射激光脉冲信号的脉冲能量，并根据所述脉冲能量调整所述脉冲接收电路551的APD增益。例如，在环境光比较强烈，且光噪声为主要噪声时，通过降低APD的增益来降低噪声水平，避免所述比较电路555被噪声误触发。
在一种实施方式中，所述微控制器510还用于根据所述数字转换电路557测量到的方波信号的跳变沿的时间信息，计算所述反射激光脉冲信号的脉冲能量，并根据所述脉冲能量调整所述比较电路555的比较阈值。例如，在环境光较弱，且光噪声与电噪声相当时，通过提高比较器阈值，可以避免所述比较电路555被噪声误触发。
在一种实施方式中，所述放大电路553还可以根据所述脉冲能量调节所述放大电路553的放大倍数。例如，在所述脉冲能量低于预设阈值时，保持预设放大倍数不变，在所述脉冲能量高于预设阈值时，减小所述放大电路553的放大倍数，以防止所述放大电路553饱和。
可以理解，所述激光脉冲发射装置530的结构及功能可以参照图1、图2或图3、图4所示实施例中的相关描述，此处不再赘述。
所述激光脉冲发射装置通过设置所述过压保护电路，且将所述过压保护电路的一端与所述激光发射器的第二端连接，另一端与所述激光发射器的第一端连接或接地，从而可以在所述激光发射器的第二端存在高压瞬态脉冲时，将所述高压瞬态脉冲降低，防止激光发射器被高压瞬态脉冲损坏，有利于提升激光脉冲发射装置的可靠性及稳定性。
可以理解，以上所揭露的仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已，当然不能以此来限定本发明之权利范围，本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例的全部或部分流程，并依本发明权利要求所作的等同变化，仍属于发明所涵盖的范围。

Claims (12)

  1. 一种激光脉冲发射装置，其特征在于，包括脉冲发射电路和过压保护电路；
    所述脉冲发射电路包括激光发射器和驱动器，所述激光发射器的第一端用于连接电源，所述激光发射器的第二端与所述驱动器电连接，所述激光发射器用于在所述驱动器开启时发射激光脉冲；
    所述过压保护电路的一端与所述激光发射器的第二端电连接，另一端与所述激光发射器的第一端电连接或接地，所述过压保护电路用于降低所述激光发射器产生的高压瞬态脉冲。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的激光脉冲发射装置，其特征在于，所述过压保护电路包括过压保护二极管，所述过压保护二极管的负极与所述激光发射器的第二端电连接，所述过压保护二极管的正极接地。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的激光脉冲发射装置，其特征在于，所述驱动器由开启切换为关闭时，所述过压保护二极管导通。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的激光脉冲发射装置，其特征在于，所述过压保护二极管为齐纳二极管或者瞬变电压抑制二级管。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的激光脉冲发射装置，其特征在于，所述过压保护电路包括过压保护二极管，所述过压保护二极管的正极与所述激光发射器的第二端电连接，所述过压保护二极管的负极与所述激光发射器的第一端电连接。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的激光脉冲发射装置，其特征在于，所述驱动器由开启切换为关闭时，所述过压保护二极管导通。
  7. 如权利要求1-6任一项所述的激光脉冲发射装置，其特征在于，所述激光发射器包括激光发射二极管，所述激光发射二极管的正极用于连接电源， 所述激光发射二极管的负极与所述驱动器电连接。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的激光脉冲发射装置，其特征在于，所述驱动器包括驱动开关管，所述驱动开关管包括栅极、源极和漏极，所述驱动开关管的栅极用于输入开关控制信号，所述驱动开关管的源极接地，所述驱动开关管的漏极与所述激光发射二极管的负极电连接。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的激光脉冲发射装置，其特征在于，所述驱动开关管为N型金属-氧化物-半导体晶体管。
  10. 一种激光测量装置，其特征在于，包括如权利要求1至9任一项所述的激光脉冲发射装置。
  11. 一种移动平台，其特征在于，包括：
    权利要求10所述的激光测量装置；和
    平台本体，所述激光测量装置安装在所述平台本体。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的移动平台，其特征在于，所述移动平台包括无人飞行器、汽车和遥控车中的至少一种。
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CN114935746A (zh) * 2021-04-30 2022-08-23 深圳阜时科技有限公司 一种发光组件、发射模组、感测装置及电子设备
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