WO2018173470A1

WO2018173470A1 - Roof structure and house

Info

Publication number: WO2018173470A1
Application number: PCT/JP2018/002263
Authority: WO
Inventors: 薮ノ内　伸晃
Original assignee: パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社
Priority date: 2017-03-24
Filing date: 2018-01-25
Publication date: 2018-09-27
Also published as: JPWO2018173470A1

Abstract

A roof structure (10) comprises: a first member (11) that includes roofing material (11a); a second member (12) that is disposed closer to the interior than the first member (11), that forms, with the first member (11), a ventilation gap (13) passing from the interior to the exterior, and that has a smaller heat transfer than the first member (11); and a waterproof structure that prevents raindrops from entering from an exterior side opening of the ventilation gap (13). The first member (11) has, in a section that faces the ventilation gap (13), a heat transfer facilitating structure (11c) that facilitates heat transfer from the first member (11) to air inside the ventilation gap (13).

Description

Roof structure and house

The present invention relates to a roof structure capable of discharging indoor hot air, and a house equipped with the same.

Various technologies have been proposed to provide a comfortable indoor environment for users. Patent Document 1 discloses a metal double roof having an excellent heat insulating effect.

JP 2005-273448 A

For example, there are fewer windows in apartment houses in the form of tenement houses such as link houses or terrace houses. In houses with few windows, ventilation tends to be inadequate, and heat is likely to stay indoors.

The present invention provides a roof structure capable of discharging hot air in the room and taking in cold air into the room, and a house including the roof structure.

The roof structure which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention is arrange | positioned in the indoor side rather than the said 1st member and the 1st member containing a roof material, and forms the ventilation | gas_flowing gap | interval which leads from the room | chamber interior to the outdoor. A second member having a lower heat-transmitting property than the first member, and a waterproof structure for preventing raindrops from entering through an opening on the outdoor side of the ventilation gap, wherein the first member is disposed in the ventilation gap. The facing portion has a heat transfer promoting structure for promoting heat transfer from the first member to the air in the ventilation gap.

A house according to an aspect of the present invention includes the roof structure.

The roof structure of the present invention and a house equipped with the same can discharge indoor hot air and take in cold air into the room.

FIG. 1A is a first schematic cross-sectional view of a house including a roof structure according to an embodiment. FIG. 1B is a second schematic cross-sectional view of a house including the roof structure according to the embodiment. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of region II in FIGS. 1A and 1B. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roof structure according to the first modification. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a roof structure according to the second modification.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be described with reference to the drawings. It should be noted that each of the embodiments described below shows a comprehensive or specific example. Numerical values, shapes, materials, constituent elements, arrangement positions and connection forms of constituent elements, and the like shown in the following embodiments are merely examples, and are not intended to limit the present invention. In addition, among the constituent elements in the following embodiments, constituent elements that are not described in the independent claims indicating the highest concept are described as optional constituent elements.

Each figure is a schematic diagram and is not necessarily shown strictly. Accordingly, the scales and the like do not necessarily match in each drawing. In each figure, substantially the same components are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant descriptions are omitted or simplified.

(Embodiment)
[Constitution]
The roof structure according to the embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 2. FIG. 1A and 1B are schematic cross-sectional views of a house provided with a roof structure according to an embodiment. FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of region II in FIGS. 1A and 1B. 1A and 2B are both schematic cross-sectional views of the roof structure 10 according to the embodiment. In FIG. 1A, the discharge of hot air during the daytime in the house 100 is schematically illustrated by a broken-line arrow. In 1B, the nighttime cold air intake is schematically illustrated with a dashed arrow.

As shown in FIGS. 1A, 1B, and 2, the roof structure 10 according to the embodiment is used for a roof of a house 100, for example. The house 100 may be a detached house or may be a single house included in the apartment house. In addition to the roof structure 10, the house 100 includes walls, columns, floors, and the like. Specifically, the roof structure 10 includes a first member 11, a second member 12, and a waterproof structure 14. A ventilation gap 13 is formed between the first member 11 and the second member 12.

The ventilation gap 13 is a gap (air layer) of about several cm between the first member 11 and the second member 12. The ventilation gap 13 includes an indoor opening 13a and an outdoor opening 13b.

Although not an essential component, an outside air intake 18 is formed at a low place in the house 100, and a hot air outlet 19 is formed at a high place in the house 100.

[First member]
The first member 11 is a member located on the outermost outdoor side of the roof structure 10. The 1st member 11 is a plate-shaped member, and is arrange | positioned so that a main surface may incline with respect to a horizontal surface. Specifically, the first member 11 includes a roof material 11a, a base material 11b, and a heat transfer promotion structure 11c. The roof material 11a, the base material 11b, and the heat transfer promotion structure 11c are laminated.

The roofing material 11a is a member that is located on the outermost outdoor side of the first member 11 and is in direct contact with the outside air. The roof material 11a is, for example, a tile material, a slate, or a Galvalume steel plate (registered trademark).

The base material 11b is a member on which the roof material 11a is placed. In other words, the base material 11b is a material that supports the roof material 11a. The base material 11b is, for example, a wood board, but may be a board material formed of a metal such as an iron plate.

The heat transfer promotion structure 11c is located in a portion facing (in contact with) the ventilation gap 13 of the first member 11, and promotes heat transfer from the first member 11 to the air in the ventilation gap 13. The heat transfer promotion structure 11c has a higher heat transfer property (heat radiation property) than the surface on which the heat transfer promotion structure 11c is disposed, such as a black coating film applied to the indoor surface of the base material 11b. It is the structure which has.

The heat transfer promotion structure 11c may be any structure that can promote heat transfer from the first member 11 to the air in the ventilation gap 13. The heat transfer promotion structure 11c has, for example, a contact area between the first member 11 and the air in the ventilation gap 13 (rather than the surface on which the heat transfer promotion structure 11c is disposed) such as a heat radiating fin structure formed of metal or the like. It may be an increasing structure. The heat transfer promotion structure 11c is a member different from the base material 11b, for example, but may be formed as a part of the base material 11b. The heat transfer promotion structure 11c may be disposed on the entire surface of the base material 11b, or may be partially disposed on the surface of the base material 11b.

In the roof structure 10, the opening 13b on the outdoor side is higher in the vertical direction (vertical direction) than the opening 13a on the indoor side. In the daytime, the air in the ventilation gap 13 whose temperature has risen due to the heat received from the first member 11 is discharged to the outside by the chimney effect. In this case, if the outside air intake port 18 is formed in a low place in the house 100, the hot air is smoothly discharged.

On the other hand, at night, the outside air flowing into the ventilation gap 13 is cooled and taken into the room by the cooling (radiation cooling) of the first member 11 by sky radiation. In this case, as shown in FIG. 1B, if the hot air discharge port 19 is formed at a high place in the house 100, the intake of the cold air through the ventilation gap 13 becomes smooth.

Here, according to the heat transfer promotion structure 11c, the first member 11 can efficiently transfer heat obtained by solar radiation from the first member 11 to the air in the ventilation gap 13. If it does so, the hot air in the room | chamber interior of the house 100 will be further heated by the 1st member 11 which received the solar radiation, and discharge | emission of the hot air using a chimney effect is accelerated | stimulated. Thus, the roof structure 10 can exhaust the hot air in the house 100 to the outside using the heat obtained by solar radiation efficiently.

The first member 11 may be supported by a pillar or wall provided in the house 100 or may be supported by the second member 12. When the 1st member 11 is supported by the 2nd member 12, the 2nd member 12 is supported by the pillar or wall with which the house 100 is provided, for example.

[Second member]
The second member 12 is disposed opposite to the first member 11 on the indoor side of the first member 11. The 2nd member 12 is a plate-shaped member, and is arrange | positioned so that a main surface may incline with respect to a horizontal surface. For example, the second member 12 is disposed substantially parallel to the first member 11, and forms a ventilation gap 13 between the second member 12 and the first member 11 that leads from the room to the outside. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the cross-sectional shape of the ventilation gap 13 is a long shape inclined with respect to the horizontal plane.

As the second member 12, a member having a heat passage property smaller than that of the first member 11 is used in order to make it difficult to transmit heat generated by solar radiation to the room. In addition, that heat permeability is small means that at least one of thermal conductivity (thermal conductivity), thermal conductivity (heat conductivity), and radiation is small. The heat passage property is expressed by, for example, a heat passage rate. Specifically, the second member 12 includes a heat insulating material 12a and a reflective material 12b. The heat insulating material 12a and the reflective material 12b are laminated.

The heat insulating material 12a is a heat insulating material formed of a fiber material such as glass wool, cellulose fiber, insulation board, wool, or rock wool. The heat insulating material 12a may be a heat insulating material formed of a foamed plastic material such as rigid urethane foam, beaded polystyrene foam, or phenol foam.

The reflective material 12b is a member that is located in a portion facing the ventilation gap 13 of the second member 12 and reflects heat in order to suppress heat absorption of the second member 12. The reflector 12b is, for example, a metal film (aluminum foil) formed of aluminum, but may be a metal film formed of other metals. Moreover, the heat reflective glass formed with the glass which has the characteristic which reflects infrared rays, or the heat reflective film formed with resin which has the characteristic which reflects infrared rays etc. may be sufficient. The reflective material 12b may be disposed on the entire surface of the heat insulating material 12a, or may be partially disposed on the surface of the heat insulating material 12a. The reflective material 12b may be omitted.

Note that the second member 12 may be supported by a pillar or a wall provided in the house 100 or may be supported in a form hanging from the first member 11. When the 2nd member 12 is supported in the form which hangs to the 1st member 11, the 1st member 11 is supported by the pillar or wall with which the house 100 is provided, for example.

In the roof structure 10, the second member 12 is a member constituting the ceiling of the house 100, but may be a member different from the ceiling of the house 100. For example, the second member 12 may be a member different from the ceiling, which is disposed behind the ceiling.

[Waterproof structure]
The waterproof structure 14 is a structure that suppresses intrusion of raindrops from the outdoor opening 13 b of the ventilation gap 13. The waterproof structure 14 is a cover structure that covers the opening 13b so that the opening 13b is not exposed to the outside when viewed from above while ensuring the air permeability of the ventilation gap 13.

The waterproof structure 14 is formed of, for example, resin, but may be formed of metal. The waterproof structure 14 may be formed separately from the first member 11 and the second member 12, or may be formed as a part of the first member 11 or the second member 12. Moreover, the specific aspect of the waterproof structure 14 is not specifically limited. The waterproof structure 14 may be a filter having waterproofness and air permeability.

[Effects]
As described above, the roof structure 10 includes the first member 11 including the roof material 11 a and the ventilation gap 13 that is disposed on the indoor side of the first member 11 and communicates with the first member 11 from the room to the outside. The second member 12 having a smaller heat passage than the first member 11 and the waterproof structure 14 that suppresses raindrops from entering through the opening 13b outside the ventilation gap 13 are provided. The first member 11 has a heat transfer promoting structure 11 c that promotes heat transfer from the first member 11 to the air in the ventilation gap 13 at a portion facing the ventilation gap 13.

Thereby, if the outdoor opening 13b of the ventilation gap 13 is disposed at a position higher than the indoor opening 13a, the roof structure 10 efficiently uses the heat generated by the solar radiation in the house 100. And can be passively discharged outside the room. Such a roof structure 10 is particularly useful in a warm area such as Southeast Asia.

Further, the ventilation gap 13 may have a long cross-sectional shape inclined with respect to the horizontal plane. The outdoor opening 13 b of the ventilation gap 13 may be located higher than the indoor opening 13 a of the ventilation gap 13.

Thereby, the roof structure 10 can discharge the hot air in the house 100 to the outside along the slope.

Further, the house 100 includes a roof structure 10.

Accordingly, if the outdoor opening 13b of the ventilation gap 13 is arranged at a position higher than the indoor opening 13a, the house 100 efficiently uses the heat generated by solar radiation in the house 100. Can be passively discharged outside the room. Such a house 100 is particularly useful in a warm area such as Southeast Asia.

[Modification 1]
The roof structure 10 may include a blower that generates an air flow in the ventilation gap 13. Further, the roof structure 10 may include an air purifying unit that purifies air entering the room from the outside through the ventilation gap 13. FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the roof structure according to the first modification.

3, the house 100a includes a roof structure 10a. Specifically, the roof structure 10a includes, in addition to the first member 11, the second member 12, and the waterproof structure 14, an air blowing part 15a, an air blowing part 15b, an air blowing part 15c, an air blowing part 15c, an air purification part 16a, An air purification unit 16b and an air purification unit 16c are provided.

Each of the blower 15a, the blower 15b, the blower 15c, and the blower 15d is a blower that generates an air flow in the ventilation gap 13. Each of the air blower 15a, the air blower 15b, the air blower 15c, and the air blower 15d is a blower that includes a motor and a fan and rotates the fan by the motor. Each of the air blowing unit 15a, the air blowing unit 15b, the air blowing unit 15c, and the air blowing unit 15d can be exhausted from the room to the room or can be sucked from the room to the room by controlling the rotation direction of the motor. . In other words, it can assist in discharging hot air during the day, or it can assist in taking in cold air at night.

The air blower 15a is disposed so as to close the opening 13a, and the air blower 15b is disposed in the ventilation gap 13. The ventilation part 15c is arrange | positioned so that the opening 13b may be block | closed, and the ventilation part 15d is arrange | positioned so that the external air intake port 18 may be blocked | closed. In addition, the roof structure 10a should just be provided with at least one ventilation part. In addition, when the shape of the opening 13a is elongate, the ventilation part 15a may be arrange | positioned along with the longitudinal direction of the said opening 13a with respect to one opening 13a. The same applies to the blower 15b, the blower 15c, and the blower 15d.

The air purifying unit 16 a is an air filter that purifies the air that enters the room from the outside through the ventilation gap 13. The air purification | cleaning part 16b is an air filter which purifies the air which enters into the room | chamber interior from the external air intake 18 formed in the low place of the house 100a. The air purification | cleaning part 16c is an air filter which purifies the air which enters a room | chamber interior from the hot air discharge port 19 formed in the high place of the house 100a.

As described above, in the house 100a, in the daytime, indoor air is discharged from the room to the outside through the roof structure 10 and the outside air flows in, but at night, the outside air whose temperature is lower than that in the room is the air gap 13. In some cases, the outside air that has flowed into the room or cooled by the ventilation gap 13 is taken into the room. In some cases, the air blower 15a, the air blower 15b, the air blower 15c, and the air blower 15d are sucked into the room from the outside. In such a case, according to the air purification | cleaning part 16a, the air purification | cleaning part 16b, and the air purification | cleaning part 16c, it can suppress that pollen, dust, etc. which are contained in external air enter | penetrate indoors.

Specifically, the air purification unit 16a, the air purification unit 16b, and the air purification unit 16c include a pre-filter, a medium performance filter, a medium high performance filter, a high performance filter, a HEPA (High Efficiency Particulate Air Filter), and an ULPA (Ultra Low Penetration Air Filter) or ultra-ULPA.

The air purification unit 16a is disposed on the indoor side of the air blowing unit 15a so as to close the opening 13a. The air purifying unit 16a may be an air filter replaceable by a user. Moreover, the air purification | cleaning part 16a may be arrange | positioned in the ventilation gap 13 like the ventilation part 15b, and may be arrange | positioned so that the opening 13b may be plugged like the ventilation part 15c. The roof structure 10a may include a plurality of air purification sections 16a.

The air purifying unit 16b is disposed so as to close the outside air intake port 18. The air purifying unit 16b may be an air filter replaceable by a user. The air purification | cleaning part 16c is arrange | positioned indoors rather than the ventilation part 15d so that the hot air discharge port 19 may be plugged up. The air purifying unit 16c may be an air filter replaceable by a user.

In addition, it is not essential that the roof structure 10a includes both the air blowing unit (for example, the air blowing unit 15a) and the air purification unit 16a. The roof structure 10a only needs to include at least one of the air blowing unit and the air purification unit 16a.

As described above, the roof structure 10 a includes the air blowing portion 15 a that generates an air flow in the ventilation gap 13.

Thereby, the roof structure 10a can forcibly exhaust the air from the room to the outside, and can forcibly intake the air from the outside to the room, regardless of the outside temperature.

Moreover, the roof structure 10a includes an air purifying unit 16a that purifies air entering the room from the outside through the ventilation gap 13.

Thereby, the roof structure 10a can suppress pollen and dust contained in the outside air from entering the room.

[Modification 2]
In the roof structure 10 and the roof structure 10a, the first member 11 and the second member 12 are disposed to face each other, but a third member may be disposed between the first member 11 and the second member 12. FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the roof structure according to Modification 2.

As shown in FIG. 4, the house 100b includes a roof structure 10b. Specifically, the roof structure 10 b includes a third member 17 in addition to the first member 11, the second member 12, and the waterproof structure 14.

The third member 17 is a partition plate disposed between the first member 11 and the second member 12. The third member 17 is, for example, a plate-like member that includes a heat insulating material like the second member 12, and is a member that has a smaller heat passage than the first member 11. It is not essential that the third member 17 is a member whose heat passage is smaller than that of the first member 11, and the third member 17 may be formed of a material different from that of the second member 12.

According to the third member 17, even when the positions of the opening 13a and the opening 13b overlap when viewed from vertically above, the air in the ventilation gap 13 is moved along the surface of the first member 11, that is, the heat transfer promoting structure 11c. Can be moved. Therefore, the roof structure 10b can exhaust the hot air in the house 100b to the outside using the heat obtained by solar radiation efficiently.

Note that the roof structure 10b according to the second modification may be combined with the roof structure 10a according to the first modification. That is, the roof structure 10b may include at least one of the air blowing unit and the air purification unit 16a.

(Other embodiments)
Although the embodiment has been described above, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiment.

For example, in the above embodiment, the roof structure is used for a house, but may be used for a building other than a house.

Also, the laminated structure of the first member shown in the schematic cross-sectional view of the above embodiment is an example. The laminated structure of the first member may include another layer between the laminated structures as long as the characteristic function of the present invention can be realized. The same applies to the second member.

In addition, it is realized by variously conceiving various modifications conceived by those skilled in the art for each embodiment, or by arbitrarily combining the components and functions in each embodiment without departing from the spirit of the present invention. This form is also included in the present invention.

10, 10a, 10b Roof structure 11 First member 11a Roof material 11c Heat transfer promotion structure 12 Second member 13

Ventilation gap

13a, 13b Opening 14

Waterproof structure

15a, 15b, 15c Air blowing part 16a

Air purification part

100, 100a, 100b Housing

Claims

A first member including a roofing material;
A second member that is disposed on the indoor side of the first member and that forms a ventilation gap between the first member and the interior of the room from the room to the outside;
A waterproof structure that prevents raindrops from entering through the opening outside the ventilation gap,
The first member has a heat transfer promotion structure for promoting heat transfer from the first member to the air in the ventilation gap at a portion facing the ventilation gap.
The ventilation gap has an elongated cross-sectional shape inclined with respect to a horizontal plane,
The roof structure according to claim 1, wherein the opening on the outdoor side of the ventilation gap is located higher than the opening on the indoor side of the ventilation gap.
Furthermore, the roof structure of Claim 1 or 2 provided with the ventilation part which generates an airflow in the said ventilation | gas_flowing clearance gap.
The roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 3, further comprising an air purifying unit that purifies air entering the room from the outside through the ventilation gap.
A house provided with the roof structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4.