WO2018170981A1 - 一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法 - Google Patents

一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法 Download PDF

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WO2018170981A1
WO2018170981A1 PCT/CN2017/081059 CN2017081059W WO2018170981A1 WO 2018170981 A1 WO2018170981 A1 WO 2018170981A1 CN 2017081059 W CN2017081059 W CN 2017081059W WO 2018170981 A1 WO2018170981 A1 WO 2018170981A1
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戴伦治
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Sichuan University
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    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N33/00Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
    • G01N33/48Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
    • G01N33/50Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
    • G01N33/68Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
    • G01N33/6803General methods of protein analysis not limited to specific proteins or families of proteins
    • G01N33/6848Methods of protein analysis involving mass spectrometry
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N1/00Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
    • G01N1/28Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2440/00Post-translational modifications [PTMs] in chemical analysis of biological material
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2440/00Post-translational modifications [PTMs] in chemical analysis of biological material
    • G01N2440/12Post-translational modifications [PTMs] in chemical analysis of biological material alkylation, e.g. methylation, (iso-)prenylation, farnesylation
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2560/00Chemical aspects of mass spectrometric analysis of biological material
    • GPHYSICS
    • G01MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01NINVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2800/00Detection or diagnosis of diseases

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of comparative proteomics, and in particular to a method for detecting and quantifying post-translational modified proteomics.
  • Protein post-translational modification is an important mechanism regulating gene expression and protein function, and plays a crucial role in the regulation of many biological processes. Abnormalities in post-translational modification of proteins are closely related to the development of many diseases. In the past few decades, a variety of novel protein post-translational modification types have been discovered and identified, providing an important basis for studying the post-translational modification of proteins by means of omics and discovering and understanding the function of post-translational modification of proteins.
  • a method for detecting and quantifying post-translational modified proteomics wherein the sample to be tested and the internal standard are subjected to equal weight tandem mass labeling, and the labeled mixture is subjected to tandem mass spectrometry;
  • the internal standard is a mixture of peptides rich in post-translational modifications to be detected.
  • the method for detecting and quantifying post-translational modified proteomics does not need to be combined with an antibody, a solid phase metal affinity chromatography or an enrichment technique such as TiO 2 , which greatly reduces the experiment cost and shortens the experimental procedure; Adding the modified labeled peptide mixture can increase the total abundance of the post-translationally modified peptides to be detected in the sample, and the iso-reverse tandem mass labeling can be used to detect the modified peptides by mass spectrometry and MS/MS analysis. The chance.
  • 1 is a flow chart of a method for detecting and quantifying post-translational modified proteomics provided by the present invention; the flow chart is applicable to a method for performing modification labeling at a protein level, and the sample is mainly divided into two groups, namely, a sample group to be studied and an inner sample. Standard group
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a method for detecting and quantifying post-translational modified proteomics provided by the present invention
  • the flow chart is applicable to a method for performing modification labeling at a peptide level, and the sample is mainly divided into two groups, that is, a sample group to be studied. And internal standard group;
  • Figure 3 is a comparison of the acetylated proteomics of the liver of the high fat diet mice of Example 1 and the MS/MS secondary mass spectrum corresponding to the acetylated peptides generated in the 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation proteomics;
  • Figure 4 is a comparison of the acetylated proteomics of the liver of the high-fat diet mouse in Example 1 and the comparison of the MS/MS secondary mass spectrum corresponding to the acetylated peptide segment in the 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation proteomics. Region for the quantification of proteins and peptides;
  • Example 5 is a MS/MS secondary mass spectrum corresponding to the dimethylated peptide segment in the dimethylated proteomics of the liver of the high fat diet of Example 2;
  • Figure 6 is a view showing the region of the reporter group of the MS/MS secondary mass spectrum corresponding to the dimethylated peptide segment in the dimethylated proteomics of the liver of the high fat diet of Example 2;
  • Figure 8 is a view showing the region of the reporter group of the MS/MS secondary mass spectrum corresponding to the phosphorylated peptide in the quantitative phosphorylation histochemistry of the colorectal cancer sample in Example 3.
  • the present invention proposes a qualitative and quantitative proteomics method based on dual chemical labeling to amplify a protein post-translational modification signal.
  • the invention utilizes a double chemically labeled sample as an internal standard to amplify the protein post-translationally modified peptide segment signal to a range that can be detected by biological mass spectrometry.
  • the invention relates to a method for detecting and quantifying post-translational modified proteomics, and the use thereof in qualitative and quantitative research of post-translational modification, the method comprising:
  • sample to be tested and the internal standard are subjected to equal weight tandem mass labeling, and the labeled mixture is subjected to tandem mass spectrometry;
  • the internal standard is a mixture of peptides rich in post-translational modifications to be detected.
  • post-translational modification types include: acylation (eg, lysine acetylation, formylation, palmitoylation, etc.), alkylation (eg, lysine methylation, arginine) Methylation, cysteine prenylation, etc., phosphorylation, ubiquitination, glycosylation, sulfation, selenization, sulfhydryl nitrosylation, adenylation (eg AMPylation, UMPylation, etc.) Hydroxylation (eg, lysine hydroxylation, proline hydroxylation, etc.) and iodination (eg, tyrosine iodization, etc.).
  • acylation eg, lysine acetylation, formylation, palmitoylation, etc.
  • alkylation eg, lysine methylation, arginine
  • cysteine prenylation etc.
  • phosphorylation
  • the equal weight tandem mass label comprises: TMT (tandem mass tag), iTRAQ (isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification), DiART (isostatic tag for relative and absolute quantification), DiART ( Deuterium isobaric amine reactive tag, CIT (caltech isobaric tags, California Science and Technology, etc.), CILAT (cleavable isobaric labeled affinity tag, heavy affinity tag), DiLeu (N, N-dimethyl) Leucines, N, N-dimethylated leucine quantitative label), IPTL (isobaric peptide termini labelling) label, QITL (quantitation by isobaric terminal labeling) label, IVTAL (in vivo terminal amino acid labeling) can be used in the technical solution of the present application as long as the label capable of achieving equal weight tandem mass labeling can be used.
  • TMT tandem mass tag
  • iTRAQ isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification
  • DiART isostatic tag for relative and absolute quantification
  • DiART
  • the post-translational modification to be detected on the internal standard may be obtained by artificially modifying the initial protein or peptide; the internal standard may also be a band separated by other prior art (for example, enrichment by an antibody).
  • the protein or peptide to be post-translationally modified is to be detected; the internal standard may also be a chemically synthesized peptide containing a post-translational modification to be detected.
  • the present invention increases the probability that a modified peptide is detected by mass spectrometry and subjected to MS/MS analysis by adding an internal standard to the sample to be tested.
  • the active ingredient substantially contained is a single chemical label group and a double chemical label group;
  • the single chemical labeling group is a sample of the protein to be tested, and is obtained after one equal weight tandem mass labeling;
  • the double chemical labeling group is an internal standard, which is obtained by sequentially modifying the label (first chemical label) and the equal weight tandem mass label (second chemical label).
  • the single chemical label set and the double chemical label set may be any number, but not higher than the labelable number of equal weight tandem mass labeling reagents; for example, if the equal weight tandem mass label is selected 10 For TMT reagents, the total number of groups of single chemical labeling group and double chemical labeling group should not exceed 10 groups.
  • the MS1 primary map signal reflects the superposition of the same chemical peptide signal and the single chemical labeling of the same peptide signal. Due to the first chemical labeling, the abundance of the modified peptides in the double chemical labeling group is greatly improved, and after mixing with the modified peptides of the single chemical labeling group, the MS1 map signals are superimposed, and the endogenous post-translationally modified peptide signal can be amplified. In the case where the sensitivity of the mass spectrum is constant and the post-translational modification enrichment is not required, the probability of detection by mass spectrometry and MS/MS analysis is improved.
  • the reporter group of the iso-heavy tandem mass labeling reagent distinguishes the source of the peptide signal from the double chemical label group and the single chemical label group, and the reporter group has a signal indicating that the corresponding peptide is present in the sample.
  • the reporter group has no signal indicating that the corresponding peptide is not present in the corresponding sample.
  • the signal ratio of the reporter group between the different samples reflects the relative content of the two peptides.
  • the abundance ratio of proteins between different samples was obtained by weighted average of all peptides of the protein.
  • the invention also has the advantages of qualitatively and quantitatively studying a plurality of post-translational modifications by using trace samples, does not require enrichment, saves time, and greatly reduces the cost of qualitative and quantitative research on protein and protein post-translational modification.
  • the internal standard is a single protein or a mixture of a plurality of proteins; in theory, the protein used in the internal standard is as close as possible to the target protein, for example, the same family. Protein; most preferably, the internal standard is the same source protein as the protein to be studied, or the internal standard is a mixture with the target protein and other proteins.
  • the present invention has many revolutionary breakthroughs: First, the use of the protein of the present invention is due to the increase in the content of modified peptides by the internal standard. The amount can be as low as microgram; second, the present invention does not require specific antibodies or other reagent enrichment to achieve qualitative and quantitative studies of post-translational modifications, and the quantification of post-translational modifications of proteins and proteins is accomplished simultaneously in a set of experiments.
  • the present invention can simultaneously qualitatively and quantitatively study post-translational modification of various proteins, greatly reducing the time required for mass spectrometry, and saving A large amount of testing costs; Fourth, the reproducibility and repeatability of the experiment, due to the lack of antibody enrichment, and the simultaneous detection of multiple modifications, greatly reducing the error of human manipulation, in addition to a variety of modifications and proteins in one Completed in the group experiment, the machine error is greatly eliminated; fifth, the invention overcomes the SILAC method, the equal weight tandem mass standard Labeling agent labeling quantitation method of the conventional method, the limitations of non-standard quantitative method and the like used, almost no limitations on types of biological samples.
  • the internal standard ie, the peptide mixture
  • the peptide mixture is a mixture of peptides after the initial protein has been modified and enzymatically degraded, and/or is a modifiedly labeled peptide after initial proteolysis
  • the mixture of segments, and/or is a synthetic mixture of peptides containing post-translational modifications to be detected, and/or a mixture of peptides enriched for post-translational modification of the library of peptides using antibodies or other enrichment reagents.
  • the modification label is a chemical modification of the initial protein or the peptide after the initial proteolysis using a modified labeling reagent
  • the modified labeling reagent comprises: an acylating reagent, an alkylating reagent, a phosphorylating reagent, a glycosylation reagent, a ubiquitinating reagent, a sulfating reagent, a selenization reagent, an adenylating reagent, and a sulfhydryl nitrite.
  • Base hydroxylation reagent and iodinating reagent;
  • the initial protein is from a group of protein samples to be tested, and/or a mixture of each group of protein samples to be tested, and/or a mixture of recombinant proteins; more preferably, the initial protein is to be tested a mixture of each group of proteins in the protein sample after the dimension reduction treatment; more preferably, the technical means for the dimension reduction treatment comprises using HPLC, an anion/cation exchange column or a C18 column for dimensionality reduction;
  • the peptide after the initial proteolysis is subjected to dimensionality reduction treatment before chemical modification; more preferably, the technical means for the dimensionality reduction treatment comprises using HPLC, an anion/cation exchange column or a C18 column for dimensionality reduction. .
  • the acylating agent comprises: a fatty acid and/or a derivative of an aromatic acid; the chemical agent used in the acylation labeling should be reactive with the protein or peptide under milder conditions. A high yield yields a protein or peptide that is specifically modified.
  • the derivative includes: an activated ester, an acid halide compound, an intermolecular condensed acid anhydride, an intramolecular condensed acid anhydride, an acylated coenzyme A, and one of high energy compounds capable of reacting with a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, and a hydroxyl group of a specific amino acid.
  • an activated ester an acid halide compound, an intermolecular condensed acid anhydride, an intramolecular condensed acid anhydride, an acylated coenzyme A, and one of high energy compounds capable of reacting with a primary amino group, a secondary amino group, and a hydroxyl group of a specific amino acid.
  • an activated ester an acid halide compound
  • an intermolecular condensed acid anhydride an intramolecular condensed acid anhydride
  • an acylated coenzyme A an acylated coenzyme A
  • the specific amino acid species labeled by the acylating reagent include: lysine, histidine, threonine, serine, tyrosine, arginine, tryptophan, 5-hydroxylysine, and protein ends Amino acid
  • the fatty acid and/or aromatic acid comprises: acetic acid (64-19-7), propionic acid (79-09-4), butyric acid (107-92-6), 2-hydroxyisobutyric acid (594) -61-6), malonic acid (141-82-2), succinic acid (110-15-6), glutaric acid (110-94-1), crotonic acid (107-93-7), 3 -hydroxybutyric acid (300-85-6, 625-72-9, 6168-83-8), pyruvic acid (127-17-3), phosphoenolpyruvate (9067-77-0), oxalyl Acetic acid (328-42-7), citric acid (77-92-9), cis-aconitic acid (585-84-2), isocitric acid (320-77-4), malic acid (6915-15-7) ), fumaric acid (110-17-8), oxalyl succinic acid, lactic acid (50-21-5), 2-phosphoglycerate, 3-phosphoglycerate, diphosphate g
  • the synthetic carboxyl group-containing compound and peptide include: a diglycine derivative; more preferably, the synthetic carboxyl group-containing compound and peptide include: N-Boc-diglycine, N-ene Propyl diglycine, N-propargyl diglycine, N-benzyl diglycine, N-arylallyl diglycine, and/or N-aryl propargyl bis glycine, and ubiquitin;
  • the activated ester comprises: N-hydroxysuccinimide activated ester, N-hydroxythiosuccinimide activated ester, isocyanuric acid activated ester, dimethoxy substituted isocyanuric acid activated ester, five a fluorophenol activated ester, and other activated esters which are directly reactive with an amino group and a hydroxyl group;
  • the acid halide compound comprises an acid chloride compound, an acid bromide compound, and an acid iodine compound.
  • the specific amino acid species labeled by the ubiquitinating reagent include: lysine, histidine, threonine, serine, tyrosine, arginine, tryptophan, 5-hydroxylysine, and protein Terminal amino acid.
  • the alkylating agent comprises a fatty aldehyde and an aromatic aldehyde; and/or; an alkyl halide and an aryl halide;
  • the chemical reagent used in the alkylation labeling should be able to react with the protein or peptide under milder conditions, yielding a specifically modified protein or peptide in high yield.
  • the alkylating agent labeled amino acid species include: arginine, tryptophan, histidine, cysteine and protein terminal amino acids;
  • the fatty aldehyde and aromatic aldehyde include: formaldehyde, paraformaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, benzaldehyde;
  • the alkyl halide and the aryl halide include: methyl iodide, methyl bromide, methyl chloride, ethyl iodide, ethyl bromide, ethyl chloride, allyl iodide, allyl bromide, allyl chloride , benzyl iodide, benzyl bromide, benzyl chloride, isoprenyl iodide, isoprene bromide, isoprenyl chloride, isoprene pyrophosphoric acid, isoprenyl methanesulfonic acid , geranyl chloride, geranyl bromine, geranyl iodine, geranyl pyrophosphate, geranyl methanesulfonic acid, farnesyl iodine, farnesyl bromide, farnesyl rate, method Glycosyl pyrophosphate
  • the phosphorylating reagent comprises: ATP, a combination reagent of phosphoric acid and phosphorus pentoxide, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus pentachloride, allyl diethyl phosphate (3066-75- 9), bis(2-cyanoethyl)-N,N-diisopropylphosphoramidite (102690-88-0), bis[1-(2-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-N,N -diisopropylphosphoramidite (207516-14-1), bistrifluoromethylethyl phosphate (650-16-8), ⁇ -bromoethylphosphoryl dichloride (4167-02-6), 2-(carboxyethyl)triphenylphosphonium chloride (36626-29-6), 2-chloro-1,3,2-benzodioxanane-4-one (5381-99-7 ), 2-cyanoethyldiisopropy
  • the first chemical label can be labeled at the protein level or at the level of the peptide after enzymatic digestion.
  • the chemical reagent used for the first chemical labeling should be able to react with the protein under mild conditions, obtain a phosphorylated modified protein in high yield, or react with the peptide under mild conditions to obtain a high yield of phosphoric acid. Modify the peptide.
  • the amino acid species labeled by the phosphorylating reagent include threonine, serine, tyrosine, histidine and lysine.
  • prior to performing the isochronous tandem mass labeling on the initial protein and the sample of the protein to be detected further comprising pretreating all protein samples; the pretreatment comprising precipitation, drying, Enzymatic hydrolysis;
  • the method for precipitating comprises chloroform methanol precipitation, TCA precipitation, acetone precipitation;
  • the enzyme used for enzymatic hydrolysis includes trypsin, chymotrypsin, clostripain, pepsin, rLys-C protease, Glu protease (Glu-C), endopeptidase (Lys-C) One or more of Arg-C proteases.
  • the modified label is performed at the initial protein level, depending on the type of post-translational modification to be detected and the use of an iso-heavy tandem mass labeling reagent.
  • the modified label is carried out at the level of the peptide;
  • the isochronous tandem mass label is labeled on the amino terminal or lysine of the protein
  • the chemical modification can be performed at the initial protein and peptide levels; if the modification is used
  • the labeling reagent can react with an amino group that is carried out at the initial protein level.
  • the modified label can be performed at both the initial protein and peptide levels; preferred The modified label is carried out at the peptide level.
  • the protein level in order to achieve higher labeling efficiency, the protein needs to be denatured.
  • the reduction process is to open the disulfide bond of the protein, and then alkylation can modify the sulfhydryl group to prevent the regeneration of free sulfhydryl groups. Disulfide bond.
  • Only the complete reduction and denaturation of the protein can ensure that the efficiency of labeling each sample is completely consistent. If it is not completely reduced, the labeling efficiency may be inconsistent due to the influence of secondary structure, which will inevitably affect the final quantitative result.
  • the reductive alkylation treatment may also be omitted.
  • the initial protein and the sample of the protein to be tested are subjected to a reduction treatment, and/or an alkylation treatment, prior to the equal weight tandem mass labeling;
  • the reducing reagent used in the reduction treatment comprises DTT, TCEP, and the alkylating reagent used in the alkylation treatment comprises iodoacetamide.
  • Iodoacetamide alkylates an open disulfide bond or the like, thus avoiding local recovery of the higher structure.
  • the reducing reagent used in the reduction treatment comprises DTT, TCEP, and the alkylating reagent used in the alkylation treatment is an equal weight tandem mass label. Label the reagents.
  • the chemical labeling reagent is greatly excessive, and the excess chemical labeling reagent residue will compete for the reaction to consume the iso-heavy tandem mass labeling reagent, affecting The efficiency of the labeling of the isochronous tandem mass labeling reagent affects the accuracy of the quantitative results, so in some embodiments of the invention, after the modified label, the excess modified labeling reagent is quenched with a quenching reagent.
  • the quenching reagent is selected from one or more of the group consisting of hydroxylamine, ammonia, tris, primary and secondary ammonia compounds, most preferably hydroxylammonium and / or ammonia;
  • the quenching agent is selected from the group consisting of formic acid;
  • the quenching reagent is selected from the group consisting of a basic compound such as one or more of triethylamine, NaOH and NaHCO 3 .
  • the combined sample is desalted using a C18 desalting column to reduce the effect of salts and other small molecular impurities in the sample on mass spectrometric detection.
  • the present invention performs peptide fractionation by HPLC based on the difference in hydrophilicity and hydrophobicity of the peptide after the sample is combined with desalting.
  • the fractionated peptide samples are combined according to a certain interval, and are generally combined into 10 to 30 tubes.
  • the mass spectrometry data is processed using proteomic analysis software such as MaxQuant, Mascot, etc. to obtain data for qualitative and quantitative analysis of protein and protein post-translational modifications.
  • proteomic analysis software such as MaxQuant, Mascot, etc.
  • the detection and quantification methods of post-translational modification proteomics as described above are applications in qualitative and quantitative studies of post-translational modification of proteins in micro-biological samples.
  • mice Feeding mice. The mice were divided into two equal groups, one for normal diet and the other for high-fat diets, all for 16 weeks.
  • mice were anesthetized at a dose of 0.04 mL/10 g (anaesthetic 10% chloral hydrate), and 1 ⁇ PBS solution (sodium chloride 8.0g / L, potassium chloride 0.2g / L, disodium hydrogen phosphate heptahydrate 2.72g / L, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.245g / L)
  • the liver of the mice was perfused through the hepatic portal vein to obtain liver tissue, which was frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at -80 degrees for use.
  • PBS lysate containing 1% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 25mM nicotinamide, 10mM sodium butyrate, 1 ⁇ protease inhibitor (cocktail), 1 ⁇ phosphatase Inhibitor A solution, 1 ⁇ phosphatase inhibitor B solution in PBS
  • PBS lysate containing 1% NP-40, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 25mM nicotinamide, 10mM sodium butyrate, 1 ⁇ protease inhibitor (cocktail), 1 ⁇ phosphatase Inhibitor A solution, 1 ⁇ phosphatase inhibitor B solution in PBS
  • Double chemical labeling group (internal standard): a total of two groups, each group is 50 ⁇ g of 1:1 mixed normal diet mouse liver tissue and high fat diet mouse liver tissue protein extract;
  • Single chemical labeling group (protein sample to be studied): a total of four groups, the first group is 50 ⁇ g normal diet mouse liver protein extract, the second group is 50 ⁇ g high fat diet mouse liver tissue protein extract, the third group is The first group is repeated and the fourth group is the second group of repetitions.
  • Precipitating protein samples Four volumes of methanol, one volume of chloroform and three volumes of water were added to the six sets of protein samples of the inner standard group and the protein sample to be studied, respectively, and centrifuged (10000 g, 10 min). After centrifugation, the liquid is divided into three layers, which are followed by an aqueous phase layer, a protein layer, and a chloroform layer. The upper methanol and water mixed phases were gently removed, and 4 volumes of methanol were separately added to the 6 groups of samples, centrifuged (20000 g, 10 min), the supernatant was gently removed, and the residual organic reagent in the protein sample was evaporated at room temperature.
  • TMT reagent sample Sample volume TMT reagent dosage TMT 6 -126 Internal standard (Kac) 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 6 -127 Internal standard (Khib) 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 6 -128 Normal diet mouse liver tissue-1 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 6 -129 High fat diet mouse liver tissue-1 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 6 -130 Normal diet mouse liver tissue-2 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 6 -131 High fat diet mouse liver tissue-2 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg
  • the sample was dissolved by adding 300 ⁇ L of the phase A solution to the sample, centrifuged (10000 g, 20 min), and the supernatant was taken for injection.
  • the chromatographic conditions are as follows (Table 2):
  • Phase A Phase B (%) Flow rate (mL/min) 0 100 0 1.000 10 95 5 1.000 80 65 35 1.000
  • a tube sample was collected every minute, and the first tube eluate was collected and combined into a group of 19 tubes, a total of 20 groups, and concentrated and dried separately.
  • the method identified a total of 4,815 proteins, of which 4,679 proteins were quantifiable, and there were 122 proteins with significant differences in expression (average protein abundance ratio greater than 1.33 or less than 0.75), acetylation and 2
  • the number of -hydroxyisobutyrylated modified proteins and peptides is shown in Table 3.
  • the number of peptides with significant differences ie, the intensity ratio (high-fat diet group/normal diet group) is less than 0.75 or greater than 1.33.
  • Single chemical labeling group (protein sample to be studied): a total of four groups, the first group is 50 ⁇ g normal diet mice (No. 1) liver tissue protein extract, and the second group is 50 ⁇ g high fat diet mice (No. 11) liver tissue Protein extract, the third group was 50 ⁇ g normal diet mice (No. 2) liver tissue protein extract, and the fourth group was 50 ⁇ g high fat diet mice (No. 12) liver tissue protein extract.
  • Double chemical labeling group (internal standard): a group of 1:1:1:1 mixed normal diet mice and high-fat diet mice liver tissue protein extract 50ug;
  • the internal standard group is methylated.
  • TMT mark Five sets of samples of double chemical label and single chemical label were labeled with TMT 6 reagent. The specific amounts of the TMT reagent are as follows (Table 4).
  • TMT reagent sample Sample volume TMT reagent dosage TMT 6 -126 Internal standard (K-dimethylation) 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 6 -127 blank 0 0 TMT 6 -128 Normal diet mouse-1 liver tissue 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 6 -129 High fat diet mouse-11 liver tissue 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 6 -130 Normal diet mouse-2 liver tissue 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 6 -131 High fat diet mouse-12 liver tissue 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg
  • the method identified a total of 5,244 proteins, of which 50,000 were quantifiable and 335 were significantly different in expression (average protein abundance ratio greater than 1.33 or less than 0.75).
  • a dimethylation modification was found on 1451 proteins, and there were 1314 (771 proteins) of peptides having a dimethylation modification site, of which 1239 peptides were quantifiable.
  • there were significant differences in the level of dimethylation modification of 187 peptides (peptide abundance ratio greater than 1.33 or less than 0.75).
  • Single chemical labeling group protein sample to be studied: three pairs (tumor tissue and paracancerous tissue) clinical samples of colorectal cancer, a total of 6 groups, each group of protein 50 ⁇ g;
  • Double chemical labeling group (internal standard): a total of 1 group, three pairs (6 groups) of protein 1:1:1:1:1:1 mixed tissue protein extract 50ug;
  • the internal standard group was subjected to phosphorylation labeling.
  • the enzymatically purified peptide sample was concentrated and dried, and 50 ⁇ l of dry tetrahydrofuran, 1 ⁇ l of triethylamine, 1 ⁇ l of phosphorus oxychloride, and 4 h of incubation for 4 h, followed by addition of 20 ⁇ l of water, incubation at 4 degrees for 8 h, and concentrated and dried were added. Add 50 mM TEAB buffer and mark with TMT.
  • TMT mark TMT reagent labeling was performed on the internal standard group and the seven groups of samples to be studied.
  • the specific amounts of the TMT reagent are as follows (Table 5).
  • TMT reagent sample Sample volume TMT reagent dosage TMT 10 -126 Colon cancer tissue-1 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 10 -127C Internal standard (phosphorylation) 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 10 -127N Colon cancer tissue-2 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 10 -128C Colon cancer tissue-3 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 10 -128N blank 0 0 TMT 10 -129C Paracancerous tissue-1 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 10 -129N blank 0 0 TMT 10 -130C Paracancerous tissue-2 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg TMT 10 -130N blank 0 0 TMT 10 -131 Paracancerous tissue-3 50 ⁇ g 0.4mg
  • the method identified 2965 phosphorylated peptides, including 1 phosphorylation site on 2820 peptides, including 1878 serine phosphorylation sites and 904 threonine phosphorylation sites. , and 38 tyrosine phosphorylation sites. There are 2 phosphorylation sites on 139 peptides, including 118 serine phosphorylation sites, 77 threonine phosphorylation sites, and 83 tyrosine phosphorylation sites. There are 3 serine phosphorylation sites on 6 peptides.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种比较蛋白质组学技术,具体而言,公开了一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,该方法对待检蛋白样品及内标物进行等重串联质量标签标记,对标记后的混合物进行串联质谱分析;其中,所述内标物为富含待检测翻译后修饰的肽段混合物。

Description

一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法
本申请要求于2017年03月24日,申请号为CN201710183629.8、名称为“一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法”的中国专利申请的优先权,其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本发明涉及比较蛋白质组学技术领域,具体而言,涉及一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法。
背景技术
蛋白质翻译后修饰是调控基因表达和蛋白质功能一种重要机制,在众多的生物过程中起到了至关重要的调控作用。蛋白质翻译后修饰的异常与许多疾病的发生发展有着密切的关系。在过去的几十年,多种新型的蛋白翻译后修饰类型被发现并鉴定,为通过组学的手段研究蛋白质翻译后修饰,并发现和了解蛋白质翻译后修饰的功能提供了重要的基础。
由于蛋白质翻译后修饰丰度极低,为翻译后修饰定性与定量带来了极大的困难。基于质谱的蛋白质组学技术是研究翻译后修饰的一个重要工具。首先使用特异性的抗体对含有特定蛋白质翻译后修饰的肽段进行富集,然后对富集的肽段进行质谱分析,是目前大规模研究修饰蛋白质组的一个重要的方法。然而,目前研究修饰蛋白质组的策略还存在着许多缺点和不足:(1)需要使用大量的生物样品。现有的策略研究一个翻译后修饰最少需要毫克级的蛋白提取物,而很多微量痕量的生物样品无法满足这一需求。(2)需要使用大量特异性的抗体或者其它富集试剂,如TiO2,对翻译后修饰进行富集。抗体和富集试剂的价格非常的昂贵,而且要获取一个特异性的富集试剂也是非常困难,增加了翻译后修饰研究的难度。(3)定性和定量检测的通量很低。当前策略是通过质谱鉴定富集后的肽段,但是由于翻译后修饰所在肽段本身会对泛抗体和修饰的结合产生影响,因此很多含有翻译后修饰的肽段无法富集,使得检测通量很低。(4)重复性和重现性差。蛋白质翻译后修饰的富集是一个非常难操作 的实验,操作人员间的技术水平差异给实验结果造成了很大的偏差。此外,质谱的检测本身也会对结果造成一定的偏差。(5)使用当前已有的研究策略,一次只能研究一种翻译后修饰,如果要研究同一样品中的多个翻译后修饰,样品的用量,抗体的用量,分析的时间都需要成倍的增加,最终大大增加了整个研究的成本。(6)蛋白质翻译后修饰定量的手段受限,主要包括SILAC标记定量,等重串联质量标签标记试剂标记定量(如TMT,iTRAQ等),以及非标定量。这些方法通用性不强,SILAC标记定量通常只适合于培养细胞的翻译后修饰组学研究;等重串联质量标签标记试剂标记定量不适合于肽段修饰的研究,因为对大量的生物样品进行等重串联质量标签标记试剂标记,花费十分惊人,而且标记后,极大的影响了修饰肽段被富集的效率;非标定量是目前比较有前景的一种策略,但是其定量的准确度非常低,重现性差。因为当前的方法存在以上诸多的缺点和不足,因此急需一种新的策略来研究修饰蛋白质组学。
有鉴于此,特提出本发明。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,以解决上述问题。
为了实现本发明的上述目的,特采用以下技术方案:
一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,该方法对待检蛋白样品及内标物进行等重串联质量标签标记,对标记后的混合物进行串联质谱分析;
其中,所述内标物为富含待检测翻译后修饰的肽段混合物。
本发明提供的翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,不需要使用抗体、固相金属亲和色谱或TiO2等富集技术进行配合,大为降低了实验成本,缩短了实验流程;且加入修饰标记后的肽段混合物可提高含待检测翻译后修饰肽段在样品中的总丰度,配合等重串联质量标签标记进行检测,可提高修饰肽段被质谱检测并进行MS/MS分析的几率。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明具体实施方式或现有技术中的技术方案,下面将对具体实施方式或现有技术描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍,显而易见地,下面描述中的附图是本 发明的一些实施方式,对于本领域普通技术人员来讲,在不付出创造性劳动的前提下,还可以根据这些附图获得其他的附图。
图1为本发明所提供的翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法流程图;该流程图适用于在蛋白水平进行修饰标记的方法,样品主要分为两组,即待研究样品组和内标物组;
图2为本发明所提供的翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法的流程图;该流程图适用于在肽段水平进行修饰标记的方法,样品主要分为两组,即待研究样品组和内标物组;
图3为实施例1中高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较乙酰化蛋白质组学和比较2-羟基异丁酰化蛋白质组学中发生乙酰化肽段对应的MS/MS二级质谱图;
图4为实施例1中高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较乙酰化蛋白质组学和比较2-羟基异丁酰化蛋白质组学中发生乙酰化肽段对应的MS/MS二级质谱图的报告基团所在区域,用于蛋白和肽段的定量;
图5为实施例2中高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较二甲基化蛋白质组学中发生二甲基化肽段对应的MS/MS二级质谱图;
图6为实施例2中高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较二甲基化蛋白质组学中发生二甲基化肽段对应的MS/MS二级质谱图的报告基团所在区域;
图7为实施例3中结直肠癌样品定量磷酸化组学中磷酸化肽段对应的MS/MS二级质谱图;
图8为实施例3中结直肠癌样品定量磷酸化组学中磷酸化肽段对应的MS/MS二级质谱图的报告基团所在区域。
具体实施方式
为了克服传统蛋白质组学和修饰蛋白质组学方法使用大量生物样品、胰酶和特异性抗体,且每次只能检测一种修饰、总体花费昂贵、耗时长、操作困难、重复性差等缺点与不足,本发明提出一种基于双重化学标记辅助放大蛋白质翻译后修饰信号的定性和定量蛋白质组学方法。本发明利用双重化学标记样品作为内标物放大蛋白翻译后修饰肽段信号,使其达到可被生物质谱检测的范围。
本发明涉及一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,及其在翻译后修饰定性和定量研究中的应用,该方法包括:
对待检蛋白样品及内标物进行等重串联质量标签标记,对标记后的混合物进行串联质谱分析;
其中,所述内标物为富含待检测翻译后修饰的肽段混合物。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,翻译后修饰类型包括:酰化(例如赖氨酸乙酰化、甲酰化、棕榈酰化等)、烷基化(例如赖氨酸甲基化、精氨酸甲基化、半胱氨酸异戊二烯化等)、磷酸化、泛素化、糖基化、硫酸化、硒化、巯基亚硝基化、腺苷酰化(例如AMPylation、UMPylation等)、羟基化(例如赖氨酸羟基化、脯氨酸羟基化等)和碘化(例如酪氨酸碘化等)。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述的等重串联质量标签包括:TMT(tandem mass tag,串联质量标签)、iTRAQ(isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification,同位素标记相对和绝对定量)、DiART(deuterium isobaric amine reactive tag,氘同位素氨基反应标签)、CIT(caltech isobaric tags,加州理工等重标记)、CILAT(cleavable isobaric labeled affinity tag,可裂解等重亲和标签)、DiLeu(N,N-dimethyl leucines,N,N-二甲基化亮氨酸定量标签),IPTL(isobaric peptide termini labelling,等重肽末端标记法)标签、QITL(quantitation by isobaric terminal labeling,等重末端标记定量方法)标签、IVTAL(体内终端氨基酸代谢标记,in vivo terminal amino acid labeling),只要能够实现等重串联质量标记的标签均可用于本申请的技术方案。
内标物上具有的待检测翻译后修饰可以是人工对初始蛋白或肽段进行修饰标记后得到的;内标物也可以是通过其它现有技术(例如利用抗体进行富集)分离得到的带有待检测翻译后修饰的蛋白质或者肽段;内标物也可以是化学合成的含待检测翻译后修饰的肽段。
本发明通过在待检样品中添加内标物的方法来提高修饰肽段被质谱检测并进行MS/MS分析的几率。其中,在进入质谱分析的混合物中,实质上包含的有效成分为单重化学标记组和双重化学标记组;
单重化学标记组为待检蛋白样品,经过一次等重串联质量标签标记后得到;
双重化学标记组为内标物,依次经过修饰标记(第一次化学标记)和等重串联质量标签标记(第二次化学标记)后得到。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,单重化学标记组和双重化学标记组可以为任意个数,但不得高于等重串联质量标签标记试剂的可标记数目;例如,若等重串联质量标签选择10标TMT试剂,则单重化学标记组和双重化学标记组的总组数最多不得超过10组。
在进行串联质谱分析时,MS1一级图谱信号反映双重化学标记组和单重化学标记同一条肽段信号的叠加。由于第一次化学标记,双重化学标记组里修饰肽段的丰度大大提高,和单重化学标记组的修饰肽段混合后,MS1图谱信号得到叠加,可以放大内源性翻译后修饰肽段信号,在质谱灵敏度不变的情况下,且不需要进行翻译后修饰富集的情况下,提高被质谱检测并进行MS/MS分析的几率。
在MS/MS水平,由等重串联质量标签标记试剂的报告基团来区分双重化学标记组和单重化学标记组的肽段信号来源,报告基团有信号,表明对应的该样品中存在此肽段,报告基团没有信号,表明对应的该样品中不存在此肽段。不同样品间报告基团的信号比例反映了两条肽段相对含量。不同样品间蛋白的丰度比例通过该蛋白所有肽段的加权平均值获得。此外,本发明还具有利用痕量样品同时定性定量研究多种翻译后修饰,不需要富集,节省时间,大幅度降低了蛋白质和蛋白翻译后修饰定性定量研究的成本等特点。
通过上述对实验原理的分析,容易想到所述内标物为单种蛋白或多种蛋白的混合物;从理论上来讲,内标物所采用的蛋白与目标蛋白越接近越好,例如为同家族蛋白;最优选的,所述内标物与待研究蛋白为同一来源蛋白,或所述内标物为与目标蛋白与其它蛋白的混合物。
针对现有蛋白质组学在蛋白质翻译后修饰定性和定量分析方法的诸多缺点和不足,本发明有诸多革命性突破:第一、由于内标物对修饰肽段含量的提升,本发明的蛋白使用量可以低至微克级;第二、本发明不需要特异性抗体或其它试剂富集即可以实现翻译后修饰的定性和定量研究,而且蛋白和蛋白质翻译后修饰的定量在一组实验中同时完成,大大减少了蛋白质组学和修饰蛋白质组学研究的成本和质谱分析时间;第三、本发明可以同时定性定量研究多种蛋白质翻译后修饰,极大减少了所需质谱的机时,节省了大量的检测费用;第四、实验的重现性和重复性好,由于不需要抗体的富集,以及可以同时检测多种修饰,大大减少了人为操作的误差,此外多种修饰和蛋白在一组实验中完成,极大消除了机器误差;第五、本发明克服了SILAC法,等重串联质量标签标记试剂标记定量法,非标定量法等现有方法使用的局限性,几乎不受生物样本种类的限制。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述内标物,即所述肽段混合物为初始蛋白经修饰标记并酶解后的肽段混合物,和/或,为初始蛋白酶解后经修饰标记的肽段混合物,和/或,为人工合成含待检测翻译后修饰的肽段混合物,和/或,为利用抗体或其它富集试剂对肽段库进行翻译后修饰富集后的肽段混合物。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述修饰标记为利用修饰标记试剂对所述初始蛋白或所述初始蛋白酶解后的肽段进行化学修饰;
优选的,所述修饰标记试剂包括:酰化试剂、烷基化试剂、磷酸化试剂、糖基化试剂、泛素化试剂、硫酸化试剂、硒化试剂、腺苷酰化试剂、巯基亚硝基化、羟基化试剂和碘化试剂;
优选的,所述初始蛋白来自待检蛋白样品中的一组,和/或,待检蛋白样品各组的混合物,和/或,重组蛋白混合物;更优选的,所述的初始蛋白为待检蛋白样品中各组蛋白经降维处理后的混合物;更优选的,所述降维处理所用的技术手段包括利用HPLC、阴/阳离子交换柱或C18柱进行降维;
优选的,所述初始蛋白酶解后的肽段在进行化学修饰之前经过降维处理;更优选的,所述降维处理所用的技术手段包括利用HPLC、阴/阳离子交换柱或C18柱进行降维。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述酰化试剂包括:脂肪酸和/或芳香酸的衍生物;在进行酰化标记时所用的化学试剂应可以与蛋白或肽段在比较温和的条件下反应,高收率的得到被特异性修饰的蛋白或肽段。
所述衍生物包括:活化酯、酰卤化合物、分子间缩合的酸酐、分子内缩合的酸酐、酰化辅酶A,以及能够与特定氨基酸的伯氨基、仲氨基和羟基反应的高能化合物中的一种或多种;
优选的,所述酰化试剂标记的特定氨基酸种类包括:赖氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸、5-羟赖氨酸以及蛋白末端氨基酸;
优选的,所述脂肪酸和/或芳香酸包括:乙酸(64-19-7)、丙酸(79-09-4)、丁酸(107-92-6)、2-羟基异丁酸(594-61-6)、丙二酸(141-82-2)、丁二酸(110-15-6)、戊二酸(110-94-1)、巴豆酸(107-93-7)、3-羟基丁酸(300-85-6、625-72-9、6168-83-8)、丙酮酸(127-17-3)、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸(9067-77-0)、草酰乙酸(328-42-7)、柠檬酸(77-92-9)、顺乌头酸(585-84-2)、异柠檬酸(320-77-4)、苹果酸(6915-15-7)、富马酸(110-17-8)、草酰琥珀酸、乳酸(50-21-5)、2-磷酸甘油酸、3-磷酸甘油酸、二磷酸酯甘油酸(138-81-8)、半乳糖醛酸、甲基丙二酸 (516-05-2)、羟甲基戊二酸(503-49-1)、2-酮丁酸(600-18-0)、2-羟基丁酸(600-15-7)、4-吡哆酸(82-82-6)、3-甲基-2-氧丁酸(759-05-7)、对羟基苯乙酸(156-38-7)、3-羟基月桂酸(1883-13-2)、2-甲基柠檬酸(6061-96-7)、3-羟基-十四烷二酸(73179-89-2)、2-羟甲基丁酸(4374-62-3)、3-羟基苯乙酸(621-37-4)、己二酸(124-04-9)、N-(3-甲基-1-氧代-2-丁烯基)氨基乙酸(33008-07-0)、3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸(1078-61-1)、2-羟基癸二酸(103963-71-9)、2-羟基2-甲基丁二酸(597-44-4)、3-羟基戊二酸(638-18-6)、高藜芦酸(93-40-3)、N-(2-呋喃甲酰基)甘氨酸(5657-19-2)、2,3-二羟基苯甲酸(303-38-8)、2-异丙基苹果酸(3237-44-3)、2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸(4026-18-0)、3-羟基十二烷二酸(34574-69-1)、2-甲基戊二酸(617-62-9)、3A-羟基-7-氧代-5Β-胆烷酸(4651-67-6)、辛酸(124-07-2)、香草酸(121-34-6)、7-羟基辛酸(17173-14-7)、3-甲基-2-氧基戊酸(1460-34-0)、2-甲基-3-羟基丁酸(473-86-9)、2,4-二羟基丁酸(1518-62-3)、2,3-二羟基丁酸(759-06-8)、对羟基苯甲酸(99-96-7)、正癸酸(334-48-5)、鹅去氧胆酸(474-25-9)、2-羟甲基丙酸(1910-47-0)、3,4-二羟基丁酸(51267-44-8)、3-羟基己二酸(14292-29-6)、3-羟基癸二酸(73141-46-5)、3-甲基戊烯二酸(5746-90-7)、5-羟基己酸(44843-89-2)、3-羟基戊酸(10237-77-1)、N-乙酰甘氨酸(543-24-8)、己酸(142-62-1)、尿刊酸(104-98-3)、3B-羟基-D5-胆烯酸(5255-17-4)、2-羟基-3-甲基戊酸(488-15-3)、(2S)-2-羟基-己二酸(18294-85-4)、3-羟基-辛二酸(73141-47-6)、1b,3a,12a-三羟基-5b-胆碱酸(80434-32-8)、樹膠糖酸(13752-83-5)、3-甲基戊二酰肉毒碱(102673-95-0)、3-甲基己二酸(3058-01-3)、D-3-苯乳酸(7326-19-4)、半乳糖酸(13382-27-9)、肉桂酸(621-82-9、140-10-3)、磷烯醇丙酮酸(138-08-9)、L-焦谷氨酸(98-79-3)、肌氨酸(107-97-1)、3-甲氧基-4-羟基扁桃酸(55-10-7)、粪卟啉二盐酸盐(14643-66-4)、反油酸(112-79-8)、硫酸软骨素(9007-28-7)、癸烯二酸(72879-22-2)、2-羟基戊二酸(2889-31-8)、三羟丁酸(13752-84-6)、乳清酸(65-86-1)、3,5-二羟基-3-甲基戊酸(150-97-0)、N-乙酰神经氨酸(131-48-6)、喹啉酸(89-00-9)、原卟啉(553-12-8)、糠酸(88-14-2)、胆酸(81-25-4)、戊烯二酸(1724-02-3)、乙基丙二酸(601-75-2)、十二烷二酸(693-23-2)、葡萄糖酸(526-95-4)、D-泛酸(79-83-4)、血苷5'-单磷酸(2149-82-8)、棕榈酸(57-10-3)、棕榈酰肉碱(2364-67-2)、2-氧代己二酸(3184-35-8)、去氧胆酸(83-44-3)、甘氨脱氧胆酸(360-65-6)、柠康酸(498-23-7)、4,6-二氧代庚酸(51568-18-4)、甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸(640-79-9)、月桂酸(143-07-7)、L-乙酰基肉碱(3040-38-8)、苯丙酮酸(156-06-9)、 油酸(112-80-1)、α-酮戊二酸(328-50-7)、苯乙酸(103-82-2)、黏酸(526-99-8)、粪卟啉1(531-14-6)、癸酰肉碱(1492-27-9)、葡糖二酸(25525-21-7)、2-羟基-4-甲基戊酸(498-36-2)、L-苹果酸(97-67-6)、L-脯氨酸(147-85-3)、马来酸(110-16-7)、L-乳酸(79-33-4)、3-吲哚乙酸(87-51-4、1821-52-9)、庚酸(111-14-8)、邻羟基苯乙酸(614-75-5)、亚油酸(60-33-3)、N-异戊酰氨基乙酸(16284-60-9)、3Β-熊去氧胆酸(78919-26-3)、尿黑酸(451-13-8)、甘氨胆酸(475-31-0)、甘油酸(473-81-4)、甲酸(64-18-6)、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸(490-79-9)、(3R)-3-(3-甲基丁酰氧基)-4-(三甲基铵)丁酸内盐(31023-24-2)、4-甲基戊酸(646-07-1)、S-2-羟基戊二酸(13095-48-2)、4-甲基-2-氧代戊酸(816-66-0)、甘氨石胆酸(474-74-8)、乙醇酸(79-14-1)、高香草酸(306-08-1)、乙醛酸(298-12-4)、叶酸(59-30-3)、甘氨酸(6556-12-3)、、3-羟丙酸(503-66-2)、己酰甘氨酸(24003-67-6)、DL-扁桃酸(90-64-2)、乙酰肉碱(6418-78-6)、4-羟苯基丙酮酸(156-39-8)、甘氨熊胆酸(64480-66-6)、3-氧丁酸(541-50-4)、左旋肉碱(541-15-1)、六氢吡啶-α-羧酸(535-75-1)、N,N-二甲基甘氨酸(1118-68-9)、2-甲基-3-羟基丙酸(2068-83-9)、D-生物素(58-85-5)、甜菜碱(107-43-7)、胆红素(635-65-4)、4-羟基丁酸(591-81-1)、2-羟基辛酸(617-73-2)、马尿酸(495-69-2)、L-2-哌啶酸(3105-95-1)、异石胆酸(1534-35-6)、甘油-L-脯氨酸(704-15-4)、L-羟基脯氨酸(51-35-4)、2-甲基-2-羟基丙酸(594-61-6)、异丁酰基甘氨酸(15926-18-8)、S-磺基-L-半胱氨酸(1637-71-4)、DL-3-羟基犬尿氨酸(484-78-6)、猪去氧胆酸(83-49-8)、羟基苯乙酰甘氨酸(28116-23-6)、异丁酰-L-肉碱(25518-49-4)、DL-高半胱氨酸(454-29-5)、L-高肌肽(3650-73-5)、L-α-羟基异己酸(13748-90-8)、L-3-苯乳酸(20312-36-1)、3-羟基扁桃酸(17119-15-2)、3-甲基戊二酸(626-51-7)、β-羟基异戊酸(625-08-1)、3-(4-羟基苯基)乳酸(306-23-0)、L-己酰肉碱(22671-29-0)、甘氨酰-L-亮氨酸(869-19-2)、猪胆酸(547-75-1)、石胆酸(434-13-9)、5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸(54-16-0)、氢化肉桂酸(501-52-0)、N-乙酰-L-丙氨酸(97-69-8)、十九烷酸(646-30-0)、DL-Β-苯乳酸(828-01-3)、丙甘氨酸(21709-90-0)、壬二酸(123-99-9)、乳清苷(314-50-1)、L-辛酰肉碱(25243-95-2)、皮脂酸(111-20-6)、植烷酸(14721-66-5)、D-焦谷氨酸(4042-36-8)、肉豆蔻酸(544-63-8)、3-磷甘油酸(820-11-1)、N-丁酰甘氨酸(20208-73-5)、N-乙酰-L-天门冬氨酸(997-55-7)、苯乙酰甘氨酸(500-98-1)、4-羟基扁桃酸(1198-84-1)、丙酰肉碱(17298-37-2)、唾液乳糖(35890-38-1)、十五烷酸(1002-84-2)、硬脂酸(57-11-4)、脲基琥珀酸(13184-27-5)、2-羟基马尿酸(487-54-7)、壬酸(112-05-0)、硬脂酰肉碱(1976-27-8)、L-2- 氨基己酸(327-57-1)、3-羟基肉桂酸(588-30-7)、DL-O-磷酸丝氨酸(17885-08-4)、甲基丁二酸(498-21-5)、四氢叶酸(135-16-0)、维A酸(302-79-4)、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸(99-50-3)、2-羟基戊酸(617-31-2)、2-酮己酸(2492-75-3)、2-戊酮酸(1821-02-9)、3,4-二羟基扁桃酸(775-01-9)、对氨基马尿酸(61-78-9)、5-甲氧基水杨酸(2612-02-4)、苯甲酸(65-85-0)、异丁酸(79-31-2)、丙戊酸(99-66-1)、邻乙酰水杨酸(50-78-2)、3-氯-L-酪氨酸(7423-93-0)、N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸(616-91-1)、3-氨基苯甲酸(99-05-8)、阿斯巴甜(22839-47-0)、水杨酸(69-72-7)、6-氨基己酸(60-32-2)、N-亚胺代甲酰基-L-谷氨酸(816-90-0)、庚二酸(111-16-0)、戊二酸单乙酯(1501-27-5)、N-(3-苯基丙酰基)甘氨酸(56613-60-6)、N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸(537-55-3)、D-核糖酸(642-98-8)、葫芦巴碱(535-83-1)、4,8-二羟基喹啉-2-甲酸(59-00-7)、L-缬氨酸(72-18-4)、十一烷二酸(1852-04-6)、正戊酸(109-52-4)、辛二酸(505-48-6)、L-瓜氨酸(372-75-8)、磺基疏石酸(34669-57-3)、反式-4-羟基环己基乙酸(68592-23-4)、十三酸(638-53-9)、琥珀酰腺苷(4542-23-8)、尿卟啉III(18273-06-8)、熊果胆酸(2955-27-3)、L-色氨酸(73-22-3)、反式-2-十二碳烯二酸(6402-36-4)、尿卟啉I(607-14-7)、S-(5'-腺苷)-L-高半胱氨酸(979-92-0)、苏糖酸(3909-12-4)、二十二酸(112-85-6)、熊去氧胆酸(128-13-2)、反式阿魏酸(537-98-4)、琥珀酰甘氨酸(60317-54-6)、3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸(537-73-5)、L-酒石酸(87-69-4)、反式-乌头酸(4023-65-8)、N-巴豆酰基甘氨酸(35842-45-6)、DL-2-氨基辛酸(644-90-6)、L-半胱亚磺酸(1115-65-7)、D-丙氨酸(338-69-2)、D-2-羟基丙酸(10326-41-7)、6-磷酸葡糖醛酸(921-62-0)、N6,N6,N6-三甲基-L-赖氨酸(19253-88-4)、3,4-二羟基苯乙酸(102-32-9)、3-羟基-2-羰基丙酸(1113-60-6)、吡咯烷羟基羧酸(22573-88-2)、2,6-二氨基庚二酸(583-93-7)、亚麻酸(463-40-1)、对氨基苯甲酸(150-13-0)、甲基叶酸盐(134-35-0)、前列腺素D2(41598-07-6)、3-甲氧基酪氨酸(7636-26-2)、前列腺素E1(745-65-3)、N-甲酰甲硫胺酸(4289-98-9)、血管紧张素II(11128-99-7)、血管紧张素Ⅲ(12687-51-3)、花生四烯酸(506-32-1)、脑啡肽L(14-18-6)、二氢叶酸(4033-27-6)、异冬谷酸(3106-85-2)、[5S,12R]-二羟基-[6Z,8E,10E,14Z]-二十碳四烯酸(71160-24-2)、对甲氧基苯甲酸(100-09-4)、邻氨基苯甲酸(118-92-3)、N-乙酰-L-谷氨酰胺(1188-37-0)、地诺前列素(551-11-1)、氨基丙二酸(1068-84-4)、5-氨基乙酰丙酸(106-60-5)、二十三烷酸(2433-96-7)、4-三甲基铵丁酸(407-64-7)、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸(29908-03-0)、白三烯C4(72025-60-6)、地诺前列酮(363-24-6)、15-酮基-13,14-二氢前列腺素A2(74872-89-2)、琥珀半醛(692-29-5)、硫辛酸(1200-22-2)、血栓 素A2(57576-52-0)、3-羟基-2-氨基苯甲酸(548-93-6)、烟酸(59-67-6)、20-羟基-白三烯B4(79516-82-8)、3-甲基硫代丙酸(646-01-5)、3-吡啶乙酸(501-81-5)、二甲基精氨酸(30315-93-6)、3-氯苯甲酸(535-80-8)、2-氧代-4-甲硫基丁酸(583-92-6)、亚叶酸(58-05-9)、苯甲酰甲酸(611-73-4)、α-羟己酸(6064-63-7)中的一种或多种,以及一些人工合成的含有羧基的化合物和肽段;
优选的,所述人工合成的含有羧基的化合物和肽段包括:二甘氨酸衍生物;更优选的,所述人工合成的含有羧基的化合物和肽段包括:N-Boc-二甘氨酸、N-烯丙基二甘氨酸、N-炔丙基二甘氨酸、N-苄基二甘氨酸、N-芳基烯丙基二甘氨酸,和/或,N-芳基炔丙基二甘氨酸,和泛素;
优选的,所述活化酯包括:N-羟基琥珀酸亚胺活化酯、N-羟基硫代琥珀酸亚胺活化酯、异氰尿酸活化酯、二甲氧基取代的异氰尿酸活化酯、五氟苯酚活化酯,以及其它可以和氨基和羟基直接反应的活化酯;
优选的,所述酰卤化合物包括:酰氯化合物、酰溴化合物、酰碘化合物。
优选的,所述泛素化试剂标记的特定氨基酸种类包括:赖氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸、5-羟赖氨酸以及蛋白末端氨基酸。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述烷基化试剂包括脂肪醛和芳香醛;和/或;烷基卤化物和芳基卤化物;
在进行烷基化标记时所用的化学试剂应可以与蛋白或肽段在比较温和的条件下反应,高收率的得到被特异性的修饰蛋白或肽段。
优选的,所述烷基化试剂标记的氨基酸种类包括:精氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、半胱氨酸以及蛋白末端氨基酸;
优选的,所述脂肪醛和芳香醛包括:甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛、苯甲醛;
优选的,所述烷基卤化物和芳基卤化物包括:碘甲烷、溴甲烷、氯甲烷、碘乙烷、溴乙烷、氯乙烷、烯丙基碘、烯丙基溴、烯丙基氯、苄基碘、苄基溴、苄基氯、异戊二烯基碘、异戊二烯基溴、异戊二烯基氯、异戊二烯基焦磷酸、异戊二烯基甲磺酸、牻牛儿基氯、牻牛儿基溴、牻牛儿基碘、牻牛儿基焦磷酸、牻牛儿基甲磺酸、法呢基碘、法呢基溴、法呢基率、法呢基焦磷酸、法呢基甲磺酸、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基氯、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基溴、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基碘、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基甲磺酸。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,所述磷酸化试剂包括:ATP、磷酸和五氧化二磷的组合试剂、三氯氧磷、五氯化磷、磷酸烯丙基二乙酯(3066-75-9)、双(2-氰乙基)-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺(102690-88-0)、双[1-(2-硝基苯基)乙基]-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺(207516-14-1)、双三氟甲基乙基磷酸酯(650-16-8)、β-溴乙基磷酰二氯(4167-02-6)、2-(羧乙基)三苯基氯化膦(36626-29-6)、2-氯-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮(5381-99-7)、2-氰基乙基二异丙基氯代亚磷酰胺(89992-70-1)、2-氰乙基二氯磷酸酯(76101-30-9)、双(二异丙基氨基)(2-氰基乙氧基)膦(102691-36-1)、二苄基二乙基胺基膦(67746-43-4)、二苄基二异丙基胺基膦(108549-23-1)、亚磷酸二苄酯(538-60-3)、二苄基磷酰基氯(538-37-4)、N,N-二乙基亚磷酰胺二叔丁酯(117924-33-1)、N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺二叔丁酯(137348-86-8)、二对氯苯基-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺(128858-43-5)、二乙基二氯磷(1069-08-5)、二氯-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺(921-26-6)、二乙基(3-溴丙基)膦酸酯(1186-10-3)、二乙基-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺(42053-26-9)、4-(二乙基磷酰基)-3-甲基-2-丁烯腈(87549-50-6)、甲苯磺酰氧甲基膦酸二乙酯(31618-90-3)、二甲基N,N-二乙基亚磷酰胺(20621-25-4)、N,N-二异丙基亚膦酸二甲酯酰胺(29952-64-5)、二氯化乙基磷酸(1066-50-8)、甲基三苯氧基碘磷(17579-99-6)、羟甲基磷酸(2617-47-2)、6-(O-磷酰胆碱)羟基己酸(73839-24-4)、焦磷酸四苄酯(990-91-0)、三(四丁基铵)氢焦磷酸钾盐(76947-02-9)、3-O-苯甲基-2-膦酰基-D-甘油酸三钠盐、亚甲基二磷酸四乙酯(1660-94-2)、乙酰甲胺磷(30560-19-1)、三偏磷酸盐中的一种或多种,以及其它可以添加磷酸基团的化合物;
在进行磷酸化标记时,第一次化学标记可以在蛋白水平标记,也可以在酶解之后的肽段水平标记。第一次化学标记所用的化学试剂应可以与蛋白在比较温和的条件下反应,高收率的得到磷酸化修饰蛋白,也可以是与在温和的条件下肽段反应,高收率的得到磷酸化修饰肽段。
优选的,所述磷酸化试剂标记的氨基酸种类包括苏氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,在对所述初始蛋白及所述待检蛋白样品进行等重串联质量标签标记之前,还包括对所有蛋白样品进行预处理;所述预处理包括沉淀、干燥、酶解;
优选的,所述沉淀的方法包括氯仿甲醇沉淀法、TCA沉淀法、丙酮沉淀法;
优选的,所述酶解的所用的酶包括胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、梭菌蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、rLys-C蛋白酶、Glu蛋白酶(Glu-C)、肽段内切酶(Lys-C)、Arg-C蛋白酶中的一种或多种。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,对于所述修饰标记来说,根据待检测的翻译后修饰种类和使用等重串联质量标签试剂不同,所述修饰标记在所述初始蛋白水平进行或,所述修饰标记在所述肽段水平进行;
当所述等重串联质量标签标记在蛋白质末端氨基或赖氨酸上时,如果所用的修饰标记试剂无法和氨基反应,所述化学修饰在初始蛋白和肽段水平进行均可;如果所用的修饰标记试剂可以和氨基反应,所述化学标记在初始蛋白水平进行。
当所述等重串联质量标签标记在半胱氨酸巯基上、而所用的修饰标记试剂不能和半胱氨酸巯基反应时,所述修饰标记在初始蛋白和肽段水平进行均可;优选的,所述修饰标记在肽段水平进行。
通常情况下,在蛋白水平进行修饰标记时,为了达到更高的标记效率,需要把蛋白变性,还原的过程是将蛋白的二硫键打开,然后烷基化可以修饰巯基,防止游离的巯基再生成二硫键。只有蛋白完全的还原变性了,才能保证每个样品标记的效率是完全一致的,如果没有彻底还原,可能由于有二级结构的影响,导致标记效率不一致,势必也会影响到最后定量的结果。某些特殊情况下,为减少外来添加物干扰,也可以不进行还原烷基化处理。
因此,在本发明的一些实施方式中,在所述等重串联质量标签标记之前,对所述初始蛋白及所述待检蛋白样品进行还原处理,和/或,烷基化处理;
优选的,当所述等重串联质量标签标记在蛋白质末端氨基或赖氨酸上时,所述还原处理所用还原试剂包括DTT、TCEP,所述烷基化处理所用烷基化试剂包括碘乙酰胺;
碘乙酰胺使打开的二硫键等发生烷基化,这样避免了局部又恢复了高级结构。
优选的,当所述等重串联质量标签标记在半胱氨酸巯基上时,所述还原处理所用还原试剂包括DTT、TCEP,所述烷基化处理所用烷基化试剂为等重串联质量标签标记试剂。
研究酰化翻译后修饰时,在对双重化学标记组进行第一次化学标记过程中,化学标记试剂大大过量,而过量化学标记试剂残留会竞争的反应消耗掉等重串联质量标签标记试剂,影响等重串联质量标签标记试剂的标记效率,从而影响了定量结果的准确性,所以在本发明的一些实施方式中,在所述修饰标记后,过量的修饰标记试剂用淬灭试剂进行猝灭。
优选的,当所述修饰标记试剂为酰化试剂时,猝灭试剂选自羟氨、氨水、tris碱、伯氨类和仲氨类化合物中的一种或多种,最优选为羟氨和/或氨水;
优选的,当所述修饰标记试剂为烷基化试剂例如NaBH3CN时,猝灭试剂选自蚁酸;
优选的,当所述修饰标记试剂为磷酸化试剂及腺苷化试剂时,猝灭试剂选自碱性化合物,例如三乙胺、NaOH和NaHCO3中的一种或多种。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,在进行等重串联质量标签标记后,也需要对过量的标签进行淬灭;且在对所有样品标记完成并淬灭之后,还优选包括合并所有样品,进行除盐处理,以降低样品中盐和其它一些小分子杂质对HPLC分离和质谱检测的影响。更优选的,在本发明的一些实施方式中,利用C18脱盐柱对合并后的样品进行除盐,以降低样品中盐和其它一些小分子杂质对质谱检测的影响。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,为了得到更高通量的检测结果,本发明在样品合并除盐后,利用HPLC,根据肽段亲水性和疏水性差异进行肽段分级。将分级的肽段样品根据一定间隔合并,一般合并为10~30管。
在本发明的一些实施方式中,在进行串联质谱后还包括利用蛋白质组学分析软件例如MaxQuant、Mascot等对质谱数据进行处理,得到蛋白质和蛋白质翻译后修饰定性和定量分析的数据。
如上所述的翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法是在微量生物样品的蛋白质翻译后修饰定性和定量研究中的应用。
下面将结合实施例对本发明的实施方案进行详细描述,但是本领域技术人员将会理解,下列实施例仅用于说明本发明,而不应视为限制本发明的范围。实施例中未注明具体条件者,按照常规条件或制造商建议的条件进行。所用试剂或仪器未注明生产厂商者,均为可以通过市售购买获得的常规产品。
实施例1高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较乙酰化蛋白质组学和比较2-羟基异丁酰化蛋白质组学
(1)饲养小鼠。将小鼠分成等数量两组,一组为正常饮食饲养,另一组为高脂饮食饲养,均饲养16周。
(2)小鼠肝脏组织收集。取实验小鼠,以0.04mL/10g的剂量对小鼠进行麻醉(麻醉剂 为10%水合氯醛),并用1×PBS溶液(氯化钠8.0g/L、氯化钾0.2g/L、七水合磷酸氢二钠2.72g/L、磷酸二氢钾0.245g/L)通过肝门静脉对小鼠肝脏进行灌注,获取肝脏组织,液氮速冻,-80度保存待用。
(3)小鼠肝脏组织蛋白提取。
取100mg小鼠肝脏组织样品,加入1mL PBS裂解液(含1%NP-40、0.5%脱氧胆酸钠、25mM尼克酰胺、10mM丁酸钠、1×蛋白酶抑制剂(cocktail)、1×磷酸酶抑制剂A液、1×磷酸酶抑制剂B液的PBS溶液)利用组织匀浆仪破碎组织,超声裂解,高速低温离心(20000g,30min,4℃),取上清,并用BrandFord法测定蛋白浓度。
(4)实验分组。
双重化学标记组(内标物):共两组,每组为50μg按1:1混合的正常饮食小鼠肝组织和高脂饮食小鼠肝组织蛋白提取物;
单重化学标记组(待研究蛋白样品):共四组,第一组为50μg正常饮食小鼠肝组织蛋白提取物,第二组为50μg高脂饮食小鼠肝组织蛋白提取物,第三组为第一组重复,第四组为第二组重复。
(5)蛋白的还原烷基化。每组分别取50μg蛋白样品,加入100mM TEAB溶液调整体积为50μL,分别加入2.5μl的200mM的TCEP,斡旋混匀,55℃孵育1h。待样品冷却至室温,向上述样品中分别加入2.5μl 375mM碘乙酰胺溶液(现制现用),室温避光振摇30min。
(6)分别取1mg Hib-NHS(N-羟基丁二酰亚胺活化的2-羟基异丁酸)和1mg Ac-NHS(N-羟基丁二酰亚胺活化的乙酸),并用2μl DMSO溶解,分别加入到两组内标物中进行第一次化学标记,室温孵育2h。
(7)标记完成后向内标物组中分别加入2.1μl 50%的羟胺,室温孵育2h。特定情况下,这一步可以省略。
(8)沉淀蛋白样品。向内标物组和待研究蛋白样品组的六组蛋白样品中分别加入4倍体积的甲醇,1倍体积氯仿和3倍体积的水,并斡旋离心(10000g,10min)。离心后液体分为三层,依次为水相层,蛋白层,氯仿层。轻轻去除上层甲醇和水混合相,并向6组样品中分别加入4倍体积的甲醇,斡旋离心(20000g,10min),轻轻去除上清,室温挥干蛋白样品中残留的有机试剂。
(9)酶解。分别用50μl 50mM的TEAB溶解蛋白样品,并分别加入1μg的trypsin,37℃ 酶解过夜。
(10)酶解完成后,作为内标物的两组样品分别用10mg的C18柱除盐。特定情况下,这一步可以省略。
(11)分别向内标物组中加入50mM的TEAB溶液50μl,溶解样品。
(12)TMT标记。
分别对双重化学标记及单重化学标记的六组样品进行TMT6试剂标记。TMT试剂的具体用量如下(表1)。
表1.高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较乙酰化蛋白质组学和比较2-羟基异丁酰化蛋白质组学TMT6试剂的分配及用量
TMT试剂 样品 样品量 TMT试剂用量
TMT6-126 内标物(Kac) 50μg 0.4mg
TMT6-127 内标物(Khib) 50μg 0.4mg
TMT6-128 正常饮食小鼠肝脏组织-1 50μg 0.4mg
TMT6-129 高脂饮食小鼠肝脏组织-1 50μg 0.4mg
TMT6-130 正常饮食小鼠肝脏组织-2 50μg 0.4mg
TMT6-131 高脂饮食小鼠肝脏组织-2 50μg 0.4mg
(13)将六组样品混合,浓缩,并用C18除盐柱除盐。
(14)利用制备色谱将混合后的样品分为20个组分。
色谱流动相:A相:98%H2O,2%乙腈,10mM甲酸铵,pH=10;
B相:10%H2O,90%乙腈,10mM甲酸铵,pH=10。
向样品中加入300μL的A相溶液溶解样品,离心(10000g,20min),取上清进样。色谱条件如下(表2):
表2.高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较乙酰化蛋白质组学和比较2-羟基异丁酰化蛋白质组学样品分组色谱条件
时间 A相(%) B相(%) 流量(mL/min)
0 100 0 1.000
10 95 5 1.000
80 65 35 1.000
95 40 60 1.000
105 30 70 1.000
120 0 100 1.000
每分钟收集一管样品,从收集的第一管洗脱液开始,每隔19管合并成一组,共20组,分别浓缩干燥。
(15)对浓缩干的20组肽段样品分别进行Zip-tip C18柱除盐。每个样品需进行两次除盐操作,合并两次除盐后的洗脱液,浓缩干燥。
(16)对20组浓缩后的肽段样品分别进行LC-MS/MS分析。质谱数据进一步利用MaxQuant和Mascot等软件处理分析。
通过数据处理分析,该方法共鉴定出4815种蛋白,其中有4679种蛋白可以定量,表达具有显著性差异(平均蛋白丰度比值大于1.33或小于0.75)的蛋白有122种,发生乙酰化及2-羟基异丁酰化修饰的蛋白及肽段个数如表3所示。
表3.高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较乙酰化蛋白质组学和比较2-羟基异丁酰化蛋白质组学修饰蛋白及肽段数目
Figure PCTCN2017081059-appb-000001
备注:具有显著性差异的肽段数即intensity ratio(高脂饮食组/正常饮食组)小于0.75或大于1.33。
实施例2高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较二甲基化蛋白质组学
(1)饲养小鼠。(同实施例1)
(2)小鼠肝脏组织收集。(同实施例1)
(3)小鼠肝脏组织蛋白提取。(同实施例1)
(4)实验分组。
单重化学标记组(待研究蛋白样品):共四组,第一组为50μg正常饮食小鼠(编号1)肝组织蛋白提取物,第二组为50μg高脂饮食小鼠(编号11)肝组织蛋白提取物,第三组为50μg正常饮食小鼠(编号2)肝组织蛋白提取物,第四组为50μg高脂饮食小鼠(编号12)肝组织蛋白提取物。
双重化学标记组(内标物):共一组,为1:1:1:1混合的正常饮食小鼠和高脂饮食小鼠肝组织蛋白提取物50ug;
(5)蛋白样品还原烷基化。(同实施例1)
(6)内标物组甲基化标记。
向双重化学标记组中加4%(v/v)CH2O水溶液8μL,涡旋混匀;再加0.6M NaBH3CN 8μL,涡旋混匀,室温反应1h,随后加入猝灭剂1%(v/v)氨水32μL,室温反应2h。
(7)沉淀蛋白样品。(同案例1)
(8)胰酶。(同案例1)
(9)酶解完成后,双重化学标记的一组样品用10mg的C18除盐柱除盐。在特定情况下,这一步可以省略。
(10)TMT标记。分别对双重化学标记及单重化学标记的五组样品进行TMT6试剂标记。TMT试剂的具体用量如下(表4)。
表4.高脂饮食小鼠肝脏比较二甲基化蛋白质组学TMT6试剂的分配及用量
TMT试剂 样品 样品量 TMT试剂用量
TMT6-126 内标物(K二甲基化) 50μg 0.4mg
TMT6-127 空白 0 0
TMT6-128 正常饮食小鼠-1肝脏组织 50μg 0.4mg
TMT6-129 高脂饮食小鼠-11肝脏组织 50μg 0.4mg
TMT6-130 正常饮食小鼠-2肝脏组织 50μg 0.4mg
TMT6-131 高脂饮食小鼠-12肝脏组织 50μg 0.4mg
(11)将标记后的五组样品混合,浓缩,并用C18除盐柱除盐。
(12)将除盐后的样品利用高效液相色谱分为20组,并分别进行Zip-tip C18柱除盐。 (同实施例1)
(13)LC-MS/MS分析,质谱数据进一步利用MaxQuant和Mascot等软件处理分析。
通过数据处理分析,该方法共鉴定出5244种蛋白,其中有5080种蛋白可以定量,表达具有显著性差异(平均蛋白丰度比值大于1.33或小于0.75)的蛋白有335种。在1451种蛋白上发现了二甲基化修饰,具有一个二甲基化修饰位点的肽段有1314条(771种蛋白),其中可定量的有1239条肽段。具有两个二甲基化修饰位点的肽段有133条(118种蛋白),其中可定量的有121条肽段。此外有187条肽段的二甲基化修饰水平具有显著差异(肽段丰度比值大于1.33或小于0.75)。
实施例3结直肠癌样品定量磷酸化组学分析
(1)结直肠癌临床样品获取:所有结直肠癌临床样品均来自于四川大学华西医院肿瘤科接受手术切除治疗的结直肠癌患者;
(2)蛋白提取:取3对结直肠癌组织(肿瘤组织和癌旁组织)每个取100mg,加入1ml RIPA裂解液(1%NP-40、0.5%脱氧胆酸钠、150mM氯化钠、50mM Tris(pH=7.5)、25mM尼克酰胺、10mM丁酸钠、1×蛋白酶抑制剂(cocktail)、1×磷酸酶抑制剂A液、1×磷酸酶抑制剂B液),组织匀浆仪破碎组织,超声裂解,高速离心(20000g,30min,4℃),取上清,并用BrandFord法测定蛋白浓度。
(3)实验分组。
单重化学标记组(待研究蛋白样品):三对(肿瘤组织和癌旁组织)结直肠癌临床样品,共6组,每组样品蛋白50μg;
双重化学标记组(内标物):共1组,为三对(6组)蛋白1:1:1:1:1:1混合的组织蛋白提取物50ug;
(4)蛋白的还原烷基化。(同实施例1)
(5)沉淀蛋白样品。(同实施例1)
(6)酶解。(同实施例1)
(7)内标物组进行磷酸化标记。将酶解后的肽段样品浓缩干燥,加入50μl干燥的四氢呋喃,1μl三乙胺,1μl三氯氧磷,4℃孵育4h,随后加入20μl水,4度孵育8h,浓缩干燥 加入50mM TEAB缓冲液,待TMT标记。
(8)TMT标记。分别对内标物组及待研究蛋白样品组七组样品进行TMT试剂标记。TMT试剂的具体用量如下(表5)。
表5.三组结直肠癌样品定量磷酸化组学TMT10试剂的分配及用量
TMT试剂 样品 样品量 TMT试剂用量
TMT10-126 结肠癌组织-1 50μg 0.4mg
TMT10-127C 内标物(磷酸化) 50μg 0.4mg
TMT10-127N 结肠癌组织-2 50μg 0.4mg
TMT10-128C 结肠癌组织-3 50μg 0.4mg
TMT10-128N 空白 0 0
TMT10-129C 癌旁组织-1 50μg 0.4mg
TMT10-129N 空白 0 0
TMT10-130C 癌旁组织-2 50μg 0.4mg
TMT10-130N 空白 0 0
TMT10-131 癌旁组织-3 50μg 0.4mg
(9)将标记后的七组样品混合,浓缩,并用C18除盐柱除盐。
(10)将除盐后的样品利用高效液相色谱分为20组,并分别进行Zip-tip C18柱除盐。(同实施例1)
(11)LC-MS/MS分析,质谱数据进一步利用MaxQuant和Mascot等软件处理分析。
通过数据处理分析,该方法共鉴定出2965条磷酸化肽段,其中在2820条肽段上有1个磷酸化位点,包括1878个丝氨酸磷酸化位点,904个苏氨酸磷酸化位点,及38个酪氨酸磷酸化位点。在139条肽段上有2个磷酸化位点,其中包括118个丝氨酸磷酸化位点,77个苏氨酸磷酸化位点,及83个酪氨酸磷酸化位点。在6条肽段上有3个丝氨酸磷酸化位点。
最后应说明的是:以上各实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案,而非对其限制;尽管参照前述各实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明,但本领域的普通技术人员应当理解:其依然可以对前述各实施例所记载的技术方案进行修改,或者对其中部分或者全部技术特征进行等同替换;而这些修改或者替换,并不使相应技术方案的本质脱离本发明各实施例技术方案的范围。

Claims (15)

  1. 一种翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,对待检蛋白样品及内标物进行等重串联质量标签标记,对标记后的混合物进行串联质谱分析;
    其中,所述内标物为富含待检测翻译后修饰的肽段混合物。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,所述待检测翻译后修饰类型包括:酰化、烷基化、磷酸化、泛素化、糖基化、硫酸化、硒化、巯基亚硝基化、腺苷酰化、羟基化和碘化。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,所述等重串联质量标签包括:TMT、iTRAQ、DiART、CIT、CILAT、DiLeu、IPTL、QITL、IVTAL。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3中任一项所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,所述肽段混合物为初始蛋白经修饰标记并酶解后的肽段混合物,和/或,为初始蛋白酶解后经修饰标记的肽段混合物,和/或,为人工合成含待检测翻译后修饰的肽段混合物,和/或,为利用抗体或其它富集试剂对肽段库进行翻译后修饰富集后的肽段混合物。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,所述酶解的所用的酶包括胰蛋白酶、胰凝乳蛋白酶、梭菌蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、rLys-C蛋白酶、Glu蛋白酶(Glu-C)、肽段内切酶(Lys-C)、Arg-C蛋白酶中的一种或多种。
  6. 根据权利要求4或5所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,所述修饰标记为利用修饰标记试剂对所述初始蛋白或所述初始蛋白酶解后的肽段进行化学修饰;
    优选的,所述修饰标记试剂包括:酰化试剂、烷基化试剂、磷酸化试剂、糖基化试剂、泛素化试剂、硫酸化试剂、硒化试剂、腺苷酰化试剂、巯基亚硝基化、羟基化试剂和碘化试剂;
    优选的,所述初始蛋白来自待检蛋白样品中的一组,和/或,待检蛋白样品各组的混合物,和/或,重组蛋白混合物;更优选的,所述的初始蛋白为待检蛋白样品中各组蛋白经降维处理后的混合物;更优选的,所述降维处理所用的技术手段包括利用HPLC、阴/阳离子交换柱或C18柱进行降维;
    优选的,所述初始蛋白酶解后的肽段在进行化学修饰之前经过降维处理;更优选的,所述降维处理所用的技术手段包括利用HPLC、阴/阳离子交换柱或C18柱进行降维。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,在所述化学修饰标记后,过量的修饰标记试剂用淬灭试剂进行猝灭;
    优选的,当所述修饰标记试剂为酰化试剂时,猝灭试剂选自羟氨、氨水、tris碱、伯氨类和仲氨类化合物中的一种或多种;
    优选的,当所述修饰标记试剂为烷基化试剂,猝灭试剂选自蚁酸;
    优选的,当所述修饰标记试剂为磷酸化试剂及腺苷化试剂时,猝灭试剂选自碱性化合物。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,在所述化学修饰标记后,过量的修饰标记试剂用淬灭试剂进行猝灭;
    优选的,当所述修饰标记试剂为酰化试剂时,猝灭试剂为羟氨和/或氨水;
    优选的,当所述修饰标记试剂为磷酸化试剂及腺苷化试剂时,猝灭试剂选自三乙胺、NaOH和NaHCO3中的一种或多种。
  9. 根据权利要求6所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,所述酰化试剂包括:脂肪酸和/或芳香酸的衍生物;
    所述衍生物包括:活化酯、酰卤化合物、分子间缩合的酸酐、分子内缩合的酸酐、酰化辅酶A,以及能够与特定氨基酸的伯氨基、仲氨基和羟基反应的高能化合物中的一种或多种;
    优选的,所述酰化试剂标记的特定氨基酸种类包括:赖氨酸、组氨酸、苏氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、精氨酸、色氨酸、5-羟赖氨酸以及蛋白末端氨基酸;
    优选的,所述脂肪酸和/或芳香酸包括:乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、戊二酸、巴豆酸、3-羟基丁酸、2-羟基异丁酸、丙酮酸、磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸、草酰乙酸、柠檬酸、顺乌头酸、异柠檬酸、苹果酸、富马酸、草酰琥珀酸、乳酸、2-磷酸甘油酸、3-磷酸甘油酸、二磷酸酯甘油酸、半乳糖醛酸、甲基丙二酸、羟甲基戊二酸、2-酮丁酸、2-羟基丁酸、4-吡哆酸、3-甲基-2-氧丁酸、对羟基苯乙酸、3-羟基月桂酸、2-甲基柠檬酸、3-羟基-十四烷二酸、2-羟甲基丁酸、3-羟基苯乙酸、己二酸、N-(3-甲基-1-氧代-2-丁烯基)氨基乙酸、3,4-二羟基苯基丙酸、2-羟基癸二酸、2-羟基-2-甲基丁二酸、3-羟基戊二酸、高藜芦酸、N-(2 -呋喃甲酰基)甘氨酸、2,3-二羟基苯甲酸、2-异丙基苹果酸、2-羟基-3-甲基丁酸、3-羟基十二烷二酸、2-甲基戊二酸、3A-羟基-7-氧代-5Β-胆烷酸、辛酸、香草酸、7-羟基辛酸、3-甲基-2-氧基戊酸、2-甲基-3-羟基丁酸、2,4-二羟基丁酸、2,3-二羟基丁酸、对羟基苯甲酸、正癸酸、鹅去氧胆酸、2-羟甲基丙酸、3,4-二羟基丁酸、3-羟基己二酸、3-羟基癸二酸、3-甲基戊烯二酸、5-羟基己酸、3-羟基戊酸、N-乙酰甘氨酸、己酸、尿刊酸、3B-羟基-D5-胆烯酸、2-羟基-3-甲基戊酸、(2S)-2-羟基-己二酸、3-羟基-辛二酸、1b,3a,12a-三羟基-5b-胆碱酸、樹膠糖酸、3-甲基戊二酰肉毒碱、3-甲基己二酸、D-3-苯乳酸、半乳糖酸、肉桂酸、磷烯醇丙酮酸、L-焦谷氨酸、肌氨酸、3-甲氧基-4-羟基扁桃酸、粪卟啉二盐酸盐、反油酸、硫酸软骨素、癸烯二酸、2-羟基戊二酸、三羟丁酸、乳清酸、3,5-二羟基-3-甲基戊酸、N-乙酰神经氨酸、喹啉酸、原卟啉、糠酸、胆酸、戊烯二酸、乙基丙二酸、十二烷二酸、葡萄糖酸、D-泛酸、血苷5'-单磷酸、棕榈酸、棕榈酰肉碱、2-氧代己二酸、去氧胆酸、甘氨脱氧胆酸、柠康酸、4,6-二氧代庚酸、甘氨鹅脱氧胆酸、月桂酸、L-乙酰基肉碱、苯丙酮酸、油酸、α-酮戊二酸、苯乙酸、黏酸、粪卟啉1、癸酰肉碱、葡糖二酸、2-羟基-4-甲基戊酸、L-苹果酸、L-脯氨酸、马来酸、L-乳酸、3-吲哚乙酸、庚酸、邻羟基苯乙酸、亚油酸、N-异戊酰氨基乙酸、3Β-熊去氧胆酸、尿黑酸、甘氨胆酸、甘油酸、甲酸、2,5-二羟基苯甲酸、(3R)-3-(3-甲基丁酰氧基)-4-(三甲基铵)丁酸内盐、4-甲基戊酸、S-2-羟基戊二酸、4-甲基-2-氧代戊酸、甘氨石胆酸、乙醇酸、高香草酸、乙醛酸、叶酸、甘氨酸、3-羟丙酸、己酰甘氨酸、DL-扁桃酸、乙酰肉碱、4-羟苯基丙酮酸、甘氨熊胆酸、3-氧丁酸、左旋肉碱、六氢吡啶-α-羧酸、N,N-二甲基甘氨酸、2-甲基-3-羟基丙酸、D-生物素、甜菜碱、胆红素、4-羟基丁酸、2-羟基辛酸、马尿酸、L-2-哌啶酸、异石胆酸、甘油-L-脯氨酸、L-羟基脯氨酸、2-甲基-2-羟基丙酸、异丁酰基甘氨酸、S-磺基-L-半胱氨酸、DL-3-羟基犬尿氨酸、猪去氧胆酸、羟基苯乙酰甘氨酸、异丁酰-L-肉碱、DL-高半胱氨酸、L-高肌肽、L-α-羟基异己酸、L-3-苯乳酸、3-羟基扁桃酸、3-甲基戊二酸、β-羟基异戊酸、3-(4-羟基苯基)乳酸、L-己酰肉碱、甘氨酰-L-亮氨酸、猪胆酸、石胆酸、5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸、氢化肉桂酸、N-乙酰-L-丙氨酸、十九烷酸、DL-Β-苯乳酸、丙甘氨酸、壬二酸、乳清苷、L-辛酰肉碱、皮脂酸、植烷酸、D-焦谷氨酸、肉豆蔻酸、3-磷甘油酸、N-丁酰甘氨酸、N-乙酰-L-天门冬氨酸、苯乙酰甘氨酸、4-羟基扁桃酸、丙酰肉碱、唾液乳糖、十五烷酸、硬脂酸、脲基琥珀酸、2-羟基马尿酸、壬酸、硬脂酰肉碱、L-2-氨基己酸、3-羟基肉桂酸、DL-O-磷酸丝氨酸、甲基 丁二酸、四氢叶酸、维A酸、3,4-二羟基苯甲酸、2-羟基戊酸、2-酮己酸、2-戊酮酸、3,4-二羟基扁桃酸、对氨基马尿酸、5-甲氧基水杨酸、苯甲酸、异丁酸、丙戊酸、邻乙酰水杨酸、3-氯-L-酪氨酸、N-乙酰-L-半胱氨酸、3-氨基苯甲酸、阿斯巴甜、水杨酸、6-氨基己酸、N-亚胺代甲酰基-L-谷氨酸、庚二酸、戊二酸单乙酯、N-甘氨酸、N-乙酰-L-酪氨酸、D-核糖酸、葫芦巴碱、4,8-二羟基喹啉-2-甲酸、L-缬氨酸、十一烷二酸、正戊酸、辛二酸、L-瓜氨酸、磺基疏石酸、反式-4-羟基环己基乙酸、十三酸、琥珀酰腺苷、尿卟啉III、熊果胆酸、L-色氨酸、反式-2-十二碳烯二酸、尿卟啉I、S-(5'-腺苷)-L-高半胱氨酸、苏糖酸、二十二酸、熊去氧胆酸、反式阿魏酸、琥珀酰甘氨酸、3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸、L-酒石酸、反式-乌头酸、N-巴豆酰基甘氨酸、DL-2-氨基辛酸、L-半胱亚磺酸、D-丙氨酸、D-2-羟基丙酸、6-磷酸葡糖醛酸、N6,N6,N6-三甲基-L-赖氨酸、3,4-二羟基苯乙酸、3-羟基-2-羰基丙酸、吡咯烷羟基羧酸、2,6-二氨基庚二酸、亚麻酸、对氨基苯甲酸、甲基叶酸盐、前列腺素D2,3-甲氧基酪氨酸、前列腺素E1、N-甲酰甲硫胺酸、血管紧张素II、血管紧张素Ⅲ、花生四烯酸、脑啡肽L、二氢叶酸、异冬谷酸、[5S,12R]-二羟基-[6Z,8E,10E,14Z]-二十碳四烯酸、对甲氧基苯甲酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、N-乙酰-L-谷氨酰胺、地诺前列素、氨基丙二酸、5-氨基乙酰丙酸、二十三烷酸、4-三甲基铵丁酸、S-腺苷-L-蛋氨酸、白三烯C4、地诺前列酮、15-酮基-13,14-二氢前列腺素A2、琥珀半醛、硫辛酸、血栓素A2、3-羟基-2-氨基苯甲酸、烟酸、20-羟基-白三烯B4、3-甲基硫代丙酸、3-吡啶乙酸、二甲基精氨酸、3-氯苯甲酸、2-氧代-4-甲硫基丁酸、亚叶酸、苯甲酰甲酸、α-羟己酸,以及一些人工合成的含有羧基的化合物和肽段;
    优选的,所述人工合成的含有羧基的化合物和肽段包括:二甘氨酸衍生物;更优选的,所述人工合成的含有羧基的化合物和肽段包括:N-Boc-二甘氨酸、N-烯丙基二甘氨酸、N-炔丙基二甘氨酸、N-苄基二甘氨酸、N-芳基烯丙基二甘氨酸,和/或,N-芳基炔丙基二甘氨酸,和泛素;
    优选的,所述活化酯包括:N-羟基琥珀酸亚胺活化酯、N-羟基硫代琥珀酸亚胺活化酯、异氰尿酸活化酯、二甲氧基取代的异氰尿酸活化酯、五氟苯酚活化酯,以及其它可以和氨基和羟基直接反应的活化酯;
    优选的,所述酰卤化合物包括:酰氯化合物、酰溴化合物、酰碘化合物。
  10. 根据权利要求6所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,所述烷基化试剂包括脂肪醛和芳香醛;和/或,烷基卤化物和芳基卤化物;
    优选的,所述烷基化试剂标记的氨基酸种类包括:精氨酸、色氨酸、组氨酸、半胱氨酸以及蛋白末端氨基酸;
    优选的,所述脂肪醛和芳香醛包括:甲醛、多聚甲醛、乙醛、丙烯醛、苯甲醛;
    优选的,所述烷基卤化物和芳基卤化物包括:碘甲烷、溴甲烷、氯甲烷、碘乙烷、溴乙烷、氯乙烷、烯丙基碘、烯丙基溴、烯丙基氯、苄基碘、苄基溴、苄基氯、异戊二烯基碘、异戊二烯基溴、异戊二烯基氯、异戊二烯基焦磷酸、异戊二烯基甲磺酸、牻牛儿基氯、牻牛儿基溴、牻牛儿基碘、牻牛儿基焦磷酸、牻牛儿基甲磺酸、法呢基碘、法呢基溴、法呢基率、法呢基焦磷酸、法呢基甲磺酸、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基氯、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基溴、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基碘、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基焦磷酸、牻牛儿基牻牛儿基甲磺酸。
  11. 根据权利要求6所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,所述磷酸化试剂包括:ATP、磷酸和五氧化二磷的组合试剂、三氯氧磷、五氯化磷、磷酸烯丙基二乙酯、双(2-氰乙基)-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺、双[1-(2-硝基苯基)乙基]-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺、双三氟甲基乙基磷酸酯、β-溴乙基磷酰二氯、2-(羧乙基)三苯基氯化膦、2-氯-1,3,2-苯并二氧磷杂环己烷-4-酮、2-氰基乙基二异丙基氯代亚磷酰胺、2-氰乙基二氯磷酸酯、双(二异丙基氨基)(2-氰基乙氧基)膦、二苄基二乙基胺基膦、二苄基二异丙基胺基膦、亚磷酸二苄酯、二苄基磷酰基氯、N,N-二乙基亚磷酰胺二叔丁酯、N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺二叔丁酯、二对氯苯基-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺、二乙基二氯磷、二氯-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺、二乙基(3-溴丙基)膦酸酯、二乙基-N,N-二异丙基亚磷酰胺、4-(二乙基磷酰基)-3-甲基-2-丁烯腈、甲苯磺酰氧甲基膦酸二乙酯、二甲基N,N-二乙基亚磷酰胺、N,N-二异丙基亚膦酸二甲酯酰胺、二氯化乙基磷酸、甲基三苯氧基碘磷、羟甲基磷酸、6-(O-磷酰胆碱)羟基己酸、焦磷酸四苄酯、三(四丁基铵)氢焦磷酸钾盐、3-O-苯甲基-2-膦酰基-D-甘油酸三钠盐、亚甲基二磷酸四乙酯、乙酰甲胺磷、三偏磷酸盐;
    优选的,所述磷酸化试剂标记的氨基酸种类包括苏氨酸、丝氨酸、酪氨酸、组氨酸和赖氨酸。
  12. 根据权利要求6所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,当所述等重串联质量标签标记在蛋白质末端氨基或赖氨酸上时,如果所用的修饰标记试剂无法 和氨基反应,所述化学修饰在初始蛋白和肽段水平进行均可;如果所用的修饰标记试剂可以和氨基反应,所述化学标记在初始蛋白水平进行;
    当所述等重串联质量标签标记在半胱氨酸巯基上、而所用的修饰标记试剂不能和半胱氨酸巯基反应时,所述修饰标记在初始蛋白和肽段水平进行均可;优选的,所述修饰标记在肽段水平进行。
  13. 根据权利要求4~12任一项所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,在所述等重串联质量标签标记之前,对所述初始蛋白及所述待检蛋白样品进行还原处理,和/或,烷基化处理;
    优选的,当所述等重串联质量标签标记在蛋白质末端氨基或赖氨酸上时,所述还原处理所用还原试剂包括DTT、TCEP,所述烷基化处理所用烷基化试剂包括碘乙酰胺;
    优选的,当所述等重串联质量标签标记在半胱氨酸巯基上时,所述还原处理所用还原试剂包括DTT、TCEP,所述烷基化处理所用烷基化试剂为等重串联质量标签标记试剂。
  14. 根据权利要求1~13任一项所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,在对所述待检蛋白样品进行等重串联质量标签标记之前,还包括对所述待检蛋白样品进行预处理;所述预处理包括沉淀、干燥、酶解。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述翻译后修饰蛋白质组学的检测和定量方法,其特征在于,所述沉淀的方法包括氯仿甲醇沉淀法、TCA沉淀法、丙酮沉淀法。
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