WO2018166426A1 - 使用非谐振电能接收器的无线电能传输系统和方法 - Google Patents

使用非谐振电能接收器的无线电能传输系统和方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018166426A1
WO2018166426A1 PCT/CN2018/078770 CN2018078770W WO2018166426A1 WO 2018166426 A1 WO2018166426 A1 WO 2018166426A1 CN 2018078770 W CN2018078770 W CN 2018078770W WO 2018166426 A1 WO2018166426 A1 WO 2018166426A1
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Prior art keywords
power
coil
side inductor
power transmitter
power receiver
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PCT/CN2018/078770
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
李暾
贺大玮
潘思铭
戴义红
孙经东
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成都市易冲无线科技有限公司
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Priority to CN201880015846.9A priority Critical patent/CN110521081B/zh
Publication of WO2018166426A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018166426A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/005—Mechanical details of housing or structure aiming to accommodate the power transfer means, e.g. mechanical integration of coils, antennas or transducers into emitting or receiving devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2804—Printed windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2823—Wires
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F38/00—Adaptations of transformers or inductances for specific applications or functions
    • H01F38/14—Inductive couplings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J50/00—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power
    • H02J50/10—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling
    • H02J50/12—Circuit arrangements or systems for wireless supply or distribution of electric power using inductive coupling of the resonant type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03H—IMPEDANCE NETWORKS, e.g. RESONANT CIRCUITS; RESONATORS
    • H03H7/00—Multiple-port networks comprising only passive electrical elements as network components
    • H03H7/38—Impedance-matching networks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to wirelessly providing electrical energy to devices, and more particularly to radio energy transmission methods and apparatus using non-resonant electrical energy receivers.
  • Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) technology provides the convenience of wirelessly transferring power to electronic devices (eg, wireless charging electronics).
  • electrical energy/energy can be transferred from one or more power transmitter (TX) coils to one or more power receiver (RX) coils by magnetic coupling.
  • the imaginary part of the impedance reflected from the power receiver to the power transmitter can reduce the power/energy transfer from the power transmitter to the power receiver.
  • the TX coil and the RX coil require a resonant structure to reduce/eliminate the imaginary part of the reflected impedance.
  • the imaginary part of the reflection impedance can be reduced/eliminated.
  • the use of a receiving side matching capacitor in a power receiver contains a number of disadvantages.
  • the resonance frequency is highly sensitive to the transmitting-side matching capacitor and the receiving-side matching capacitor, and slight variations in the transmitting-side matching capacitor or the receiving-side matching capacitor may shift and cause misalignment between the TX resonance frequency and the RX resonance frequency.
  • electrical energy can be wirelessly transmitted from the power transmitter to the power receiver only in a narrow frequency band near the resonant frequency.
  • the use of narrow frequency bands may reduce the compatibility of power transmitters with different power receiver devices. For example, a power receiver designed to operate at 100 kHz may not be able to operate directly in a different frequency band (eg, 350 kHz) because the imaginary part of the reflected impedance will be high.
  • the power receiver can be designed to support multiple frequency bands by adding multiple matching capacitors and switching circuits, such addition adds design complexity and cost.
  • the voltage rating and temperature rating of the matching capacitors in the WPT system are high due to the high energy and high AC voltage across the capacitor. This results in an expensive unit cost and increases the package size of the power receiver. Moreover, parasitic effects (eg, parasitic resistance) of the receiving side matching capacitor can result in heat dissipation, which can potentially damage nearby components (eg, batteries of mobile devices that are charged by the power receiver).
  • the method can include inductively coupling a transmit side inductor to a receive side inductor, the transmit side inductor and one or more transmit side matched capacitors included in the power transmitter, the receive side inductor included in the power receiver, the power receive
  • the device does not include a receiving side matching capacitor; the inductive coupling between the transmitting side inductor and the receiving side inductor provides power from the power transmitter to the power receiver.
  • the power receiver can provide a reflected impedance to the power transmitter, and the reflected impedance includes the real and imaginary parts.
  • the transmit side matching capacitor can compensate for the imaginary part of the reflected impedance.
  • the system can include a power transmitter and a power receiver.
  • the power transmitter can be configured to receive input power.
  • the power transmitter may include a transmit side inductor and one or more transmit side matching capacitors wirelessly coupled to the receive side inductor.
  • the power receiver can include a receive side inductor.
  • the power receiver may not include a receiving side matching capacitor.
  • the wireless coupling between the transmit side inductor and the receive side inductor allows the power transmitter to transfer power to the power receiver.
  • the power receiver can provide the transmit impedance to the power transmitter, and the reflected impedance includes the real and imaginary parts.
  • the transmit side matching capacitor can compensate for the imaginary part of the reflected impedance.
  • the power transmitter can include a transmit side inductor and one or more transmit side matching capacitors wirelessly coupled to the receive side inductor.
  • the wireless coupling between the transmit side inductor and the receive side inductor can cause the power transmitter to transfer power to a power receiver including a receive side inductor that does not include a receive side matching capacitor.
  • the power receiver can provide a transmit impedance to the power transmitter, and the reflected impedance includes the real and imaginary parts.
  • the transmit side matching capacitor can compensate for the imaginary part of the reflected impedance.
  • the transmit side matching capacitor can include one or more fixed capacitors. In some embodiments, the transmit side matching capacitor can include one or more variable capacitors. In some embodiments, the transmit side matching capacitor can include one or more fixed capacitors and one or more variable capacitors.
  • the power transmitter can include a controller configured to adjust a capacitance of the transmit side matching capacitor to compensate for an imaginary portion of the reflected impedance. In some embodiments, the controller can be configured to determine the imaginary part of the reflected impedance, and the capacitance of the transmit side matching capacitor can be automatically adjusted based on the imaginary part of the reflected impedance.
  • the transmit side inductor and the receive side inductor are characterized by a mutual inductance that compensates for the absence of a receive side matching capacitor in the power receiver.
  • the transmit side inductor may include a Litz line coil having a square shape.
  • the Litz wire coil may comprise 5 turns, 1 layer, an outer diameter of 50 mm and an inner diameter of 38 mm.
  • the receiving side inductor can include a flexible printed circuit board coil having a circular shape.
  • the flexible printed circuit board coil may include 5 turns per layer, 2 layers, an outer diameter of 50 mm, and an inner diameter of 31.7 mm.
  • the power transmitter and the power receiver can operate at one or more frequencies between 100 kHz and 500 kHz.
  • FIG. 1 shows an example diagram of a wireless power transmission system in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 2A-2B illustrate an alternative form of the wireless power transfer system of FIG. 1 in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • 3A-3B are graphical representations showing top views of a transmitting side coil in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • 3C-3D are graphical representations showing side views of a transmitting side coil in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3E illustrates an example design of a transmit side coil in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example design of a receiving side coil in accordance with various embodiments of the present invention.
  • a non-resonant power receiver for wireless power transmission may not include a receiving side matching capacitor. Removing the receive side matching capacitor from the power receiver can overcome the disadvantages of using a resonant power receiver (including the receiving side matching capacitor), such as the sensitivity of the resonant frequency to the matching capacitor and the narrow resonant frequency band for power transfer.
  • the removal of the receiving side matching capacitor in the power receiver can reduce the unit cost and the package size of the power receiver.
  • the removal of the receiving side matching capacitors in the power receiver can achieve better control of the power consumption of the power receiver and avoid potential threats/damage to nearby components such as the battery of the mobile device being charged by the power receiver.
  • a WPT system using a non-resonant power receiver can provide power transfer efficiency and output power capability, like a WPT system using a resonant power receiver.
  • This efficiency/capability can be provided by adjusting the transmit side matching capacitor to compensate for the imaginary part of the impedance reflected from the power receiver to the power transmitter.
  • the adjustment of the transmitting side matching capacitor is intended to ensure the power transfer capability of the power transmitter. Increasing the mutual inductance between the transmitting side inductor and the receiving side inductor can compensate for the lack of the receiving side matching capacitor in the power receiver.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless power transmission system 100 in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the wireless power transmission system 100 includes a power transmitter 110 and a power receiver 120.
  • the power transmitter 110 is configured to receive input power.
  • the power transmitter 110 can be connected to and/or can include a power source that provides input power (P IN 116).
  • the power transmitter 110 can be connected to the power output of another device and/or can include an internal power source (eg, a battery, a solar panel) that provides input power (P IN 116).
  • the power transmitter 110 includes a transmitting side inductor 112 and a transmitting side matching capacitor 114.
  • the single transmit side matching capacitor 114 is shown in Figure 1, which is merely illustrative and not limiting.
  • the power transmitter 110 can include one or more transmit side matching capacitors 114.
  • the transmit side matching capacitor 114 may include one or more variable capacitors and/or one or more fixed capacitors.
  • the power transmitter 110 can be implemented in a powering device (eg, a charger device).
  • the power transmitter 110 can be connected to a power supply device (eg, a charger device).
  • the power receiver 120 includes a receiving side inductor 122.
  • the power receiver 120 does not include a receiving side matching capacitor.
  • the power receiver 120 is configured to provide output power (P OUT 126).
  • the power receiver 120 can be implemented in a consumer electronic device, such as a cell phone, earphone, watch, tablet device, laptop, electronic brush, car, or any other consumer that can be wirelessly powered (eg, charged) Electronic equipment.
  • the power receiver 120 can be implemented as a separate power transfer device for the user to attach the consumer electronic device. Attaching the consumer electronic device to a separate power transfer device can connect the consumer electronic device to the output power (P OUT 126) provided by the power receiver 120.
  • the power transmitter 110 and the power receiver 120 are wirelessly coupled by the transmit side inductor 112 and the receive side inductor 122.
  • the wireless coupling between the transmit side inductor 112 and the receive side inductor 122 enables the power transmitter 110 to transfer power to the power receiver 120.
  • the power receiver 120 provides a reflected impedance to the power transmitter 110.
  • the impedance reflected from the power receiver 120 to the power transmitter 110 includes a real part and an imaginary part.
  • the transmit side matching capacitor 114 compensates for the imaginary part of the reflected impedance.
  • the total impedance Z RX of the receiving side 220 includes the load impedance Z rect of the rectifier, the parasitic resistance R RX of the receiving side coil, and the inductance L RX .
  • the imaginary part of the rectifier impedance and the parasitic resistance of the receiving side coil are negligible in the wireless energy transmission system. Therefore, the load impedance Z rect of the rectifier can be approximated to its real part (R rect ), and the parasitic resistance R RX of the receiving side coil can be ignored.
  • the formula for Z RX as discussed above is as follows:
  • the receiving side Z RX can be further expressed as a reflection impedance Z ref at the transmitting side 210 by the mutual coupling M between the transmitting side coil and the receiving side coil.
  • This form 250 is shown in Figure 2B.
  • the reflection impedance Z ref on the emission side and the real part R ref are as follows.
  • the real part R ref of the reflected impedance determines the coil-to-coil efficiency of the wireless power transmission system.
  • the total coil pair coil efficiency is as follows:
  • R TX is the total parasitic resistance of the transmitting side coil and the transmitting side matching capacitor.
  • the reflection resistance R ref is a key parameter of the coil to coil efficiency, and a larger reflection resistance provides better coil to coil efficiency.
  • the removal of the matching capacitor on the receiving side results in the imaginary part of the denominator of the calculation formula of the reflection resistance R ref
  • the presence of the reflected resistance is smaller than the power receiver when the receiving side is matched to the capacitor.
  • the efficiency loss caused by the decrease in the reflection resistance R ref caused by the removal of the receiving side matching capacitor can be increased by using the transmission side (TX) which increases the mutual inductance M between the transmitting side (RX) coil and the receiving side (RX) coil.
  • the coil and receiving side (RX) coils are designed to compensate.
  • the TX coil and/or RX coil can be designed to achieve a large effective charging area while minimizing the physical size of the coil by changing the coil parameters.
  • the effective charging area refers to the charging area of a single TX/RX coil. If the center of the RX/TX coil is placed inside the area, the coil pair coil efficiency should not be lower than the expected value (for example, a value desired or predetermined by the user) .
  • the effective charging area can be on a horizontal plane parallel to the RX coil. For example, the effective charging area can be on the same plane as the RX coil. "Horizontal" may refer to a direction parallel to the plane of the TX coil loop or RX coil loop, and "vertical” may refer to a direction perpendicular to the plane.
  • the radius of the effective charging zone can be defined as the horizontal distance between the center of the TX/RX coil (eg, the vertical projection of the center on the horizontal plane where the effective charging zone is located) and the boundary of the active charging zone.
  • the distance between the TX coil and the RX coil can vary from 0-10 mm. In some embodiments, the distance between the TX coil and the RX coil can vary between 0-7 mm.
  • the parameters of the TX/RX coil may refer to the coil shape, the number of turns, the outer diameter, the inner diameter, and the like. These parameters can be adjusted based on simulation and experimentation to optimize the efficiency of the coil to the coil. Coil to coil efficiency refers to the efficiency between the TX coil and the RX coil.
  • the parameter values for an exemplary TX coil design are given in Table 1. Small variations in parameter values are considered to be within the scope of the structure and design of the present invention. The range of potential variations is also given in Table 1.
  • the number of turns of a coil loop can be five.
  • the coil may have a square shape with an outer diameter of 50 mm and an inner diameter of 38 mm.
  • the spacing between adjacent turns of the wire can be 0 mm.
  • the coil can be made of a Litz wire.
  • the wire can be made of copper having a diameter of 1.15 mm. This particular TX coil design enables a uniform effective charging area with a coil-to-coil efficiency of not less than 90% in a circular effective charging zone with a radius of not less than 20 mm.
  • the efficiency of the coil pair coil is not less than 95% of the coil-to-coil efficiency peak.
  • the peak efficiency of the coil to coil is defined as the efficiency of the coil to the coil when the center of the RX coil and the TX coil are aligned.
  • parameter symbol value variation range Number of turns N 5 4 ⁇ 6 Coil shape / square / Outer diameter OD 50mm ⁇ 2mm the inside diameter of ID 38mm ⁇ 2mm Spacing S 0mm / Coil type / Litz line / Trace material / copper Similar material Trace diameter D 1.15mm ⁇ 0.15mm
  • the coil loop can have an outer diameter of 48-52 mm and an inner diameter of 36-40 mm.
  • the coil loop can include 1-11 turns of wire.
  • the wire can be made of copper having a trace diameter of 1.00-1.30 mm.
  • FIG. 3A is a graphical representation showing a top view of an example TX coil.
  • the wire is wound into a square coil ring and has two extended ends.
  • the inner diameter of the coil loop is indicated by ID
  • the outer diameter of the coil loop is indicated by OD.
  • the ends of both terminals have a length of h (for example 3 mm) and are separated by a distance d (for example 5 mm).
  • the region 301 is selected and enlarged in Figure 3B.
  • the wires have a trace diameter of D and the wires are tightly wound with no spacing between the turns.
  • the coil loop includes 5 turns of wire.
  • FIG. 3C is a graphical representation showing a side view of an example TX coil.
  • the TX coil looks at the coil loop from both terminals.
  • the two circles indicate the cross section of the two extended ends, and the bar shape indicates the side view of the coil ring.
  • the thickness of the coil loop is equal to 1.2 mm, which is slightly larger than the trace diameter of the wire (1.15 mm).
  • the wires are tightly wound into a coil loop on the same plane.
  • the area 302 is selected and enlarged in Figure 3D. Both traces have a trace diameter of D.
  • One of the terminals (T1) is in the same plane as the coil ring, and the other terminal (T2) is next to the plane.
  • FIG. 3E illustrates an example design of a transmit side inductor coil 300 in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the emission side inductor may include a litz wire coil having a square shape.
  • the Litz wire coil may comprise 5 turns without spacing, 1 layer, an outer diameter of 50 mm and an inner diameter of 38 mm.
  • View 310 includes an enlarged view of the turns of the Litz wire coil.
  • View 320 includes a cross-sectional view of the litz wire coil.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates an example design of a receive side inductor coil 400 in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention.
  • the receiving side inductor may include a flexible printed circuit board coil having a circular shape.
  • the flexible printed circuit board coil may comprise 2 layers, 5 turns per layer (total number of turns 10), an outer diameter of 50 mm and an inner diameter of 31.7 mm.
  • TX/RX coil design allows the wireless power transmission system of the present invention to operate in the frequency band of 100 kHz to 500 kHz.
  • Other designs of the receive side inductor and the transmit side inductor can be used with the wireless power transfer system of the present invention.
  • the design of the receiving side inductor and the transmitting side inductor can be changed to change the frequency band of the wireless power transmission system.
  • the transmit side matching capacitor (e.g., 114) can include one or more variable capacitors and/or one or more fixed capacitors.
  • the capacitance of the transmit side matching capacitor can be adjusted to compensate for the imaginary part of the impedance reflected from the power receiver.
  • the capacitance of the transmit side matching capacitor can be adjusted to reduce/eliminate the imaginary part of the impedance reflected from the power receiver.
  • the adjustment of the transmitting side matching capacitor is intended to ensure the power transfer capability of the power transmitter.
  • the capacitance of the transmitting side matching capacitor is selected to bring the transmitter coil into a resonant state.
  • the capacitance of the transmitting side matching capacitor is selected using the following formula:
  • the power transmitter of the present invention can include a controller/circuit configured to adjust the capacitance of the transmit side matching capacitor to compensate for the imaginary part of the reflected impedance.
  • the capacitance of the transmit side matching capacitor can be manually changed by a user of the power transmitter.
  • the power transmitter may include one or more buttons, switches, and/or other interfaces (digital and/or mechanical) that allow the user to select the operating frequency band of the power transmitter and/or provide one or more power parameters of the power receiver. (eg impedance, inductance, etc.). Based on user input, the power transmitter controller/circuit can calculate and adjust the capacitance of the transmit side matching capacitor.
  • the capacitance of the transmit side matching capacitor can be automatically changed by the power transmitter.
  • the power transmitter can include one or more sensors and/or other components to determine the imaginary part of the reflected impedance. Based on the imaginary part of the reflected impedance, the power transmitter controller/circuit can automatically calculate and adjust the capacitance of the transmitting side matching capacitor.

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Abstract

本发明公开了用于使用非谐振电能接收器来无线提供电能给设备的方法、系统和设备。发射侧电感器可以电感耦合到接收侧电感器。发射侧电感器和一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器可以包括在电能发射器中。接收侧电感器可以包括在电能接收器中。电能接收器可以不包括接收侧匹配电容器。来自电能发射器的电能可以通过发射侧电感器和接收侧电感器之间的电感耦合提供给电能接收器。电能接收器可以提供包括实部和虚部的反射阻抗给电能发射器。发射侧匹配电容器可以补偿该反射阻抗的虚部。

Description

使用非谐振电能接收器的无线电能传输系统和方法
相关申请的交叉引用
本申请要求2017年3月16日提交的美国临时申请序号62/472,339、名称为“使用非谐振电能接收器的无线电能传输系统和方法”的优先权，前述申请的全部内容在此引入本申请作为参考。
技术领域
本发明涉及无线提供电能给设备，尤其涉及使用非谐振电能接收器的无线电能传输方法和装置。
背景技术
无线电能传输(WPT)技术提供了无线传输电能到电子设备(例如，无线充电电子设备)的便利性。在WPT系统中，电能/能量可以通过磁耦合从一个或多个电能发射器(TX)线圈传输到一个或多个电能接收器(RX)线圈。从电能接收器反射到电能发射器的阻抗的虚部可以降低电能发射器到电能接收器的电能/能量传输。在传统的设计中，TX线圈和RX线圈需要一个谐振结构来减小/消除反射阻抗的虚部。通过使用发射侧匹配电容器和接收侧匹配电容器来匹配TX线圈和RX线圈的谐振频率，可减小/消除反射阻抗的虚部。
然而，使用电能接收器中接收侧匹配电容器包含许多缺点。首先，谐振频率对于发射侧匹配电容器和接收侧匹配电容器的敏感性很高，发射侧匹配电容器或接收侧匹配电容器些微的变化就可能移位并导致TX谐振频率和RX谐振频率的不对齐。
其次，电能可以仅在谐振频率附近的窄频带内从电能发射器无线地传输到电 能接收器。窄频带的使用可能会降低电能发射器与不同电能接收器设备的兼容性。例如，设计成工作在100kHz的电能接收器可能不能直接工作在不同的频带(例如，350kHz)，因为反射阻抗的虚部将是高的。尽管通过添加多个匹配电容器和开关电路可以将电能接收器设计成支持多个频带，但是这样的添加增加了设计的复杂性和成本。
第三，由于电容器两端的高能量和高交流电压，WPT系统中的匹配电容器的电压额定值和温度额定值很高。这导致昂贵的单位成本和增加电能接收器的封装尺寸。而且，接收侧匹配电容器的寄生效应(例如，寄生电阻)可以导致散热，这可以潜在地损坏附近组件(例如，由电能接收器充电的移动设备的电池)。
发明内容
本发明的一方面涉及一种无线提供电能给设备的方法。该方法可以包括将发射侧电感器电感耦合到接收侧电感器，发射侧电感器和一个或者多个发射侧匹配电容器包括在电能发射器中，接收侧电感器包括在电能接收器中，电能接收器不包括接收侧匹配电容器；通过发射侧电感器与接收侧电感器之间的电感耦合，从电能发射器提供电能给电能接收器。电能接收器可以提供反射阻抗给电能发射器，反射阻抗包括实部和虚部。发射侧匹配电容器可以补偿该反射阻抗的虚部。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种无线提供电能给设备的系统。该系统可以包括电能发射器和电能接收器。电能发射器可以配置为接收输入电能。电能发射器可以包括无线耦合到接收侧电感器的发射侧电感器和一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器。电能接收器可以包括接收侧电感器。电能接收器可以不包括接收侧匹配电容器。发射侧电感器和接收侧电感器之间的无线耦合可以使电能发射器传输电能给电能接收器。电能接收器可以提供发射阻抗给电能发射器，反射阻抗 包括实部和虚部。发射侧匹配电容器可以补偿该反射阻抗的虚部。
本发明的另一方面涉及一种用于无线提供电能给设备的电能发射器。该电能发射器可以包括无线耦合到接收侧电感器的发射侧电感器和一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器。发射侧电感器和接收侧电感器之间的无线耦合可以使电能发射器传输电能给包括接收侧电感器的电能接收器，该电能接收器不包括接收侧匹配电容器。电能接收器可以提供发射阻抗给电能发射器，反射阻抗包括实部和虚部。发射侧匹配电容器可以补偿该反射阻抗的虚部。
在一些实施例中，发射侧匹配电容器可以包括一个或多个固定电容器。在一些实施例中，发射侧匹配电容器可以包括一个或多个可变电容器。在一些实施例中，发射侧匹配电容器可以包括一个或多个固定电容器和一个或多个可变电容器。在一些实施例中，电能发射器可以包括控制器，该控制器配置为调整发射侧匹配电容器的电容以补偿反射阻抗的虚部。在一些实施例中，控制器可以配置为确定反射阻抗的虚部，而发射侧匹配电容器的电容可基于反射阻抗的虚部自动调节。
在一些实施例中，发射侧电感器和接收侧电感器由互感来表征，所述互感补偿电能接收器中接收侧匹配电容器的缺少。在一些实施例中，发射侧电感器可以包括具有正方形形状的利兹(Litz)线线圈。利兹线线圈可以包括5个匝、1个层、50mm的外径和38mm的内径。在一些实施例中，接收侧电感器可以包括具有圆形形状的柔性印刷电路板线圈。柔性印刷电路板线圈可以包括每层5个匝、2个层、50mm的外径和31.7mm的内径。在一些实施例中，电能发射器和电能接收器可以在100kHz到500kHz之间的一个或多个频率内运行。
应当理解的是，前面的一般性描述和下面的详细描述仅仅是示例性和解释性的，并不是要求保护的本发明的限制。
附图说明
本发明的优选和非限制性实施例通过参考附图可以更好地理解，其中：
图1示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的无线电能传输系统的示例图。
图2A-2B示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的图1中的无线电能传输系统的替代形式。
图3A-3B是示出根据本发明的各种实施例的发射侧线圈的俯视图的图形表示。
图3C-3D是示出根据本发明的各种实施例的发射侧线圈的侧视图的图形表示。
图3E示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的发射侧线圈的示例设计。
图4示出了根据本发明的各种实施例的接收侧线圈的示例设计。
具体实施方式
现在将参照附图描述本发明的具体的非限制性实施例。应当理解的是，在此公开的任何实施例的特定特征和方面可以与在此公开的任何其他实施例的特定特征和方面一起使用和/或结合。同样应当理解，这样的实施例仅仅是举例而已，仅仅是在本发明范围内的说明性的少数的实施例。各种对于本发明所属领域的技术人员来说显而易见的变化和修改均被认为是在如所附权利要求中进一步定义的本发明的精神、范围和意图之内。
公开了一种用于无线电能传输的非谐振电能接收器。非谐振电能接收器可以不包括接收侧匹配电容器。从电能接收器中去除接收侧匹配电容器可以克服使用谐振电能接收器(包括接收侧匹配电容)的缺点，如谐振频率对匹配电容 器的敏感性以及用于电能传输的窄谐振频带的限制。电能接收器中接收侧匹配电容器的去除可以降低单位成本和电能接收器的封装尺寸。电能接收器中接收侧匹配电容器的去除可以实现对电能接收器的电能消耗更好的控制，并避免对附近组件(如由电能接收器充电的移动设备的电池)的潜在威胁/损坏。
使用非谐振电能接收器的WPT系统可以提供电能传输效率和输出电能能力，如同使用谐振电能接收器的WPT系统。通过调整发射侧匹配电容器来补偿从电能接收器反射到电能发射器的阻抗的虚部，可以提供这种效率/能力。发射侧匹配电容器的调整旨在保证电能发射器的电能传送能力。增加发射侧电感器和接收侧电感器之间的互感可以补偿电能接收器中接收侧匹配电容器的缺少。
图1示出了根据本发明的一些实施例的示例无线电能传输系统100。如图1所示，无线电能传输系统100包括电能发射器110和电能接收器120。电能发射器110配置为接收输入电能。在一些实施例中，电能发射器110可以连接到和/或可以包括提供输入电能(P IN 116)的电源。例如，电能发射器110可以连接到另一个设备的电能输出和/或可以包括提供输入电能(P IN 116)的内部电源(例如，电池、太阳能面板)。电能发射器110包括发射侧电感器112和发射侧匹配电容器114。单发射侧匹配电容器114在图1中示出，这仅仅是参考性的而并不是限制性的。电能发射器110可以包括一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器114。发射侧匹配电容器114可以包括一个或多个可变电容器和/或一个或多个固定电容器。在在一些实施例中，电能发射器110可以在供电设备中实现(例如充电器设备)。在一些实施例中，电能发射器110可以连接到供电设备(例 如充电器设备)。
电能接收器120包括接收侧电感器122。电能接收器120不包括接收侧匹配电容器。电能接收器120配置为提供输出电能(P OUT 126)。在一些实施例中，电能接收器120可以在消费者电子设备中实现，例如手机、耳机、手表、平板设备、笔记本电脑、电子刷、汽车或任何其他可以被无线供电(例如充电)的消费者电子设备。另外，电能接收器120可以实现为用于用户附接消费者电子设备的独立的电能传输设备。将消费者电子设备附接到独立的电能传输设备可以将消费者电子设备连接到由电能接收器120提供的输出电能(P OUT 126)。
电能发射器110和电能接收器120通过发射侧电感器112和接收侧电感器122无线耦合。发射侧电感器112和接收侧电感器122之间的无线耦合使得电能发射器110能够传输电能给电能接收器120。电能接收器120提供反射阻抗给电能发射器110。从电能接收器120反射到电能发射器110的阻抗包括实部和虚部。发射侧匹配电容器114补偿反射阻抗的虚部。
图2A示出了图1中的无线电能传输系统100的形式200。接收侧220的总阻抗Z RX包括整流器的负载阻抗Z rect、接收侧线圈的寄生电阻R RX和电感L RX。整流器阻抗的虚部和接收侧线圈的寄生电阻在无线电能传输系统中可以忽略不计。因此，整流器的负载阻抗Z rect可以近似于它的实部(R rect)，而接收侧线圈的寄生电阻R RX可以忽略。如上讨论的Z RX的公式如下：
Z RX＝Z rect+R RX+jωL RX
≈R rect+R RX+jωL RX     (Z rect≈R rect)
≈R rect+jωL RX      (R RX≈0)
接收侧Z RX可以通过发射侧线圈和接收侧线圈之间的互耦M进一步表达为发射侧210处的反射阻抗Z ref。该形式250在图2B中示出。发射侧的反射阻抗Z ref及其实部R ref如下所示。
Figure PCTCN2018078770-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2018078770-appb-000002
反射阻抗的实部R ref决定了无线电能传输系统的线圈对线圈效率。总的线圈对线圈效率如下：
Figure PCTCN2018078770-appb-000003
R TX是发射侧线圈和发射侧匹配电容器的总寄生电阻。反射电阻R ref是线圈对线圈效率的一个关键参数，更大的反射电阻提供更好的线圈对线圈效率。接收侧匹配电容器的去除导致反射电阻R ref计算公式的分母中虚部
Figure PCTCN2018078770-appb-000004
的存在，导致反射电阻比包括接收侧匹配电容器时的电能接收器小。
由接收侧匹配电容器的去除导致的反射电阻R ref的减小引起的效率损失，可以通过使用增加了发射侧(RX)线圈和接收侧(RX)线圈之间的互感M的发射侧(TX)线圈和接收侧(RX)线圈的设计来补偿。
TX线圈和/或RX线圈可设计成实现大的有效充电区域，同时通过改变线 圈参数来最小化线圈的物理尺寸。有效充电区域是指单个TX/RX线圈的充电区域，如果RX/TX线圈的中心放置在该区域的内部，线圈对线圈效率应该不低于期望值(例如，由用户期望的或预先确定的值)。有效充电区域可以在与RX线圈平行的水平面上。例如，有效充电区域可以与RX线圈在同一平面上。“水平”可以指与TX线圈环或RX线圈环的平面平行的方向，而“垂直”可以指垂直于该平面的方向。有效充电区域的半径可定义为TX/RX线圈的中心(例如，该中心在有效充电区域所在的水平面上的垂直投影)与有效充电区域的边界之间的水平距离。在一些实施例中，TX线圈和RX线圈之间的距离可以在0-10mm之间变化。在一些实施例中，TX线圈和RX线圈之间的距离可以在0-7mm之间变化。TX/RX线圈的参数可以指线圈形状、匝数、外径、内径等。基于模拟和实验，可以调整这些参数以优化线圈对线圈的效率。线圈对线圈效率是指TX线圈和RX线圈之间的效率。它通过RX线圈的输出电能(例如，交流(AC)电能)与TX线圈的输入电能(例如，AC电能)之比来计算。影响线圈对线圈效率的损耗包括线圈对线圈的损耗、匹配电容器的寄生电阻损耗、以及其他损耗。
表1中给出了一个示例性TX线圈设计的参数值。参数值的小变化应认为是在本发明的结构和设计的范围内。表1中还给出了潜在的变化范围。一个线圈环的匝数可以是5。线圈可以具有正方形的形状，其外径为50mm，内径为38mm。导线的相邻匝之间的间距可以是0mm。线圈可以由利兹线制成。导线可以由直径为1.15mm的铜制成。这种特定的TX线圈设计可以实现圆形有效充电区内线圈对线圈效率不小于90％的均匀有效充电区域，其半径不小于20mm。且在TX线圈的中心处，线圈对线圈的效率不小于线圈对线圈效率峰 值的95％。线圈对线圈的峰值效率定义为RX线圈和TX线圈的中心对齐时线圈对线圈的效率。
表1
参数 符号 值 变化范围
匝数 N 5 4～6
线圈形状 / 正方形 /
外径 OD 50mm ±2mm
内径 ID 38mm ±2mm
匝间距 S 0mm /
线圈类型 / 利兹线 /
迹线材料 / 铜 类似的材料
迹线直径 D 1.15mm ±0.15mm
在一些实施例中，线圈环可以具有48-52mm的外径，36～40mm的内径。线圈环可以包括1-11匝导线。导线可以由迹线直径为1.00-1.30mm的铜制成。
图3A是示出示例TX线圈的俯视图的图形表示。如图3A所示，导线缠绕成方形的线圈环，且有两个延伸端。线圈环的内径用ID表示，而线圈环的外径用OD表示。两个终端的端部均有h(例如3mm)的长度，并以距离d(例如5mm)分开。为了清楚线圈环的视图，选择区域301并在图3B中放大。在一些实施例中，导线具有D的迹线直径，且导线紧密缠绕，在匝之间没有间距。 在这个示例设计中，线圈环包括5匝导线。
图3C是示出示例TX线圈的侧视图的图形表示。TX线圈从两个终端看向线圈环。俩圆圈表示两个延伸端的横截面，而棒状形状表明线圈环的侧面图。如图3C所示，线圈环的厚度等于1.2mm，略大于导线的迹线直径(1.15mm)。导线在同一平面上紧密缠绕成线圈环。为了清楚地看到终端的位置，选择区域302并在图3D中放大。两终端的迹线直径均为D。其中一个终端(T1)与线圈环位于同一平面内，而另一个终端(T2)紧挨着该平面。
图3E示出根据本发明的一些实施例的发射侧电感器线圈300的示例设计。发射侧电感器可以包括具有正方形形状的利兹线线圈。利兹线线圈可以包括无间距的5个匝、1个层、50mm的外径和38mm的内径。视图310包括利兹线线圈的匝的放大视图。视图320包括利兹线线圈的横截面图。
表2中给出了一个示例性RX线圈设计的参数值。参数值的小变化应认为是在本发明的结构和设计的范围内。表2中还给出了潜在的变化范围。
表2
参数 符号 值 变化范围
总匝数 N 10(所有层) ±1
层数 / 2层 1层
线圈形状 / 圆 轻微椭圆
外径 OD 50mm ±2mm
内径 ID 31.7mm ±2mm
匝间距 S 0.8mm ±0.1mm
线圈类型 / FPCB /
介电材料 / 聚酰亚胺(PI) 类似的电介质
介电厚度 H 0.025mm 任意值
迹线材料 / 铜 类似的材料
迹线厚度 D 2盎司(0.0696mm) ±0.5盎司
迹线宽度 W 1.0mm ±0.2mm
图4示出根据本发明的一些实施例的接收侧电感器线圈400的示例设计。接收侧电感器可以包括具有圆形形状的柔性印刷电路板线圈。柔性印刷电路板线圈可以包括2个层、每层5个匝(总匝数为10)、50mm的外径以及31.7mm的内径。
上述TX/RX线圈设计的使用可以使得本发明的无线电能传输系统在100kHz到500kHz的频带内工作。接收侧电感器和发射侧电感器的其他设计可以与本发明的无线电能传输系统一起使用。可以改变接收侧电感器和发射侧电感器的设计以改变无线电能传输系统的频带。
无线电能传输系统的一个重要方面是输出电能能力。电能接收器中接收侧匹配电容器的去除增加了从电能接收器反射的阻抗的虚部。如上所述，发射侧匹配电容器(例如，114)可以包括一个或者多个可变电容器和/或一个或多个 固定电容器。可以调整发射侧匹配电容器的电容以补偿从电能接收器反射的阻抗的虚部。可以调整发射侧匹配电容器的电容以减小/消除从电能接收器反射的阻抗的虚部。发射侧匹配电容器的调整旨在保证电能发射器的电能传送能力。
选择发射侧匹配电容器的电容以使发射器线圈处于谐振状态。发射侧匹配电容器的电容使用以下公式进行选择：
Figure PCTCN2018078770-appb-000005
这推导出发射侧匹配电容器电容的以下计算公式：
Figure PCTCN2018078770-appb-000006
本发明的电能发射器可以包括控制器/电路，其配置为调整发射侧匹配电容器的电容以补偿反射阻抗的虚部。在一些实施例中，发射侧匹配电容器的电容可以是由电能发射器的用户手动改变。例如，电能发射器可以包括一个或多个按钮、开关和/或其他接口(数字和/或机械)，允许用户选择电能发射器的工作频带和/或提供电能接收器的一个或多个电能参数(例如，阻抗、电感等)。基于用户输入，电能发射器控制器/电路可以计算并调整发射侧匹配电容器的电容。
在一些实施例中，发射侧匹配电容器的电容可以由电能发送器自动改变。例如，电能发射器可以包括一个或多个传感器和/或其他组件来确定反射阻抗的虚部。基于反射阻抗的虚部，电能发射器控制器/电路可以自动计算并调整发射侧匹配电容器的电容。
该说明书描述了用于无线电能传输的方法、装置和系统。阐述说明性步骤以解释示出的示例性实施例，应当预料到持续的技术发展将会改变特定功能的执行方式。因此，这里示出的这些例子是出于说明的目的而不是限制。例如，本文公开的步骤或过程并不限于按与公开的实施例一致的所述顺序执行，而是可以以任何顺序执行，并且可以省略一些步骤。此外，功能架构模块的边界在此为了描述的方便而被任意地定义。只要指定的功能和关系适当地执行，就可以定义替代的边界。基于本文包含的教导，替代方案(包括本文描述的那些的等同、扩展、改变、偏差等)对于本领域的技术人员来说将是显而易见的。这样的替代方案落入本发明的实施例的范围和精神内。
尽管在此描述了公开的原理的示例和特征，但是修改、改编和其他实现是可能的，而不会离开本发明的实施例的精神和范围。此外，术语“组成”、“具有”、“包含”和“包括”以及其他类似的形式在含义上是等同的，一个或多个项目后面跟随这些术语中的任何一个都是开放性的结尾，其并不意味着是该项目或这些项目的详尽列表，也并不意味着仅限于列出的该项目或这些项目。还必须注意的是，本文和所附的权利要求书中所使用的单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包括复数形式，除非上下文另有规定。
应该认识到，本发明并不限于已经在上面描述并且在附图中示出的确切结构，可以做出各种修改和变化而不脱离本发明范围。本发明的范围应当仅受限于所附权利要求。

Claims (24)

  1. 一种用于无线提供电能给设备的系统，所述系统包括：
    电能发射器，配置为接收输入电能，所述电能发射器包括：无线耦合到接收侧电感器的发射侧电感器；和一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器；
    电能接收器，包括接收侧电感器，但不包括接收侧匹配电容器；
    其特征在于：
    发射侧电感器和接收器侧电感器之间的无线耦合使得电能发射器能够传输电能给接收器；
    电能接收器提供反射阻抗给电能发射器，反射阻抗包括实部和虚部；
    一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器补偿反射阻抗的虚部。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器包括固定电容器或可变电容器中的至少一个。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电能发射器进一步包括控制器，该控制器配置为调整所述一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器的电容来补偿反射阻抗的虚部。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的系统，其特征在于，所述控制器进一步配置为确定反射阻抗的虚部，而一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器的电容基于该反射阻抗的虚部自动调整。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述发射侧电感器和接收侧电感器由互感来表征，所述互感补偿电能接收器中接收侧匹配电容器的缺少。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述电能发射器和电能接收器在100kHz至500kHz之间的一个或多个频率内运行。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述发射侧电感器包括具有 正方形形状的利兹线线圈。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述利兹线线圈包括5个匝、1个层、50mm的外径和38mm的内径。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的系统，其特征在于，所述利兹线线圈包括在相邻匝之间没有间距地紧密缠绕以在平面内形成线圈环的导线。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的系统，其特征在于，所述利兹线线圈包括位于线圈环的平面内的第一终端，以及紧挨着线圈环的平面的第二终端。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的系统，其特征在于，所述接收侧电感器具有圆形形状的柔性印刷电路板线圈。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的系统，其特征在于，所述柔性印刷电路板线圈包括每层5个匝、2个层、50mm的外径和31.7mm的内径。
  13. 一种用于无线提供电能给设备的电能发射器，所述电能发射器包括：
    无线耦合到接收侧电感器的发射侧电感器；和一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器；
    其特征在于：
    发射侧电感器和接收侧电感器之间的无线耦合使得电能发射器能够将电能传输到包括该接收侧电感器的电能接收器，电能接收器不包括接收侧匹配电容器；
    电能接收器提供反射阻抗给电能发射器，反射阻抗包括实部和虚部；
    一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器补偿反射阻抗的虚部。
  14. 根据权利要求13所述的电能发射器，其特征在于，所述一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器包括固定电容器或可变电容器中的至少一个。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的电能发射器，其特征在于，所述电能发射器进一步包括控制器，该控制器配置为调整一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器的电容来补偿反射阻抗的虚部。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的电能发射器，其特征在于，所述控制器被进一步配置为确定反射阻抗的虚部，而一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器的电容基于该反射阻抗的虚部自动调整。
  17. 根据权利要求13所述的电能发射器，其特征在于，所述发射侧电感器包括具有正方形形状的利兹线线圈。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的电能发射器，其特征在于，所述利兹线线圈包括5个匝、1个层、50mm的外径和38mm的内径。
  19. 根据权利要求17所述的电能发射器，其特征在于，所述利兹线线圈包括在相邻匝之间没有间距地紧密缠绕以在平面内形成线圈环的导线。
  20. 根据权利要求19所述的电能发射器，其特征在于，所述利兹线线圈包括位于线圈环的平面内的第一终端，以及紧挨着线圈环的平面的第二终端。
  21. 一种用于无线提供电能给设备的方法，所述方法包括：
    将发射侧电感器电感耦合到接收侧电感器，发射侧电感器和一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器包括在电能发射器中，而接收侧电感器包括在电能接收器中，电能接收器不包括接收侧匹配电容器；
    以及通过发射侧电感器和接收侧电感器之间的电感耦合，从电能发射器提供电能给电能接收器；
    其特征在于：
    电能接收器提供反射阻抗给电能发射器，反射阻抗包括实部和虚部；
    一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器补偿反射阻抗的虚部。
  22. 根据权利要求21所述的方法，其特征在于，所述一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器包括固定电容器或可变电容器中的至少一个。
  23. 根据权利要求21所述的方法，进一步包括确定所述反射阻抗的虚部。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的方法，进一步包括调整所述一个或多个发射侧匹配电容器的电容来补偿反射阻抗的虚部。
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