WO2018166243A1 - 一种回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法 - Google Patents

一种回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法 Download PDF

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WO2018166243A1
WO2018166243A1 PCT/CN2017/114225 CN2017114225W WO2018166243A1 WO 2018166243 A1 WO2018166243 A1 WO 2018166243A1 CN 2017114225 W CN2017114225 W CN 2017114225W WO 2018166243 A1 WO2018166243 A1 WO 2018166243A1
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artificial
pillar
roof
spacing
pillars
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French (fr)
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张吉雄
韩晓乐
方坤
张强
陈亚东
钟思见
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Xuzhou Zhonan Science&technology Co Ltd
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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Xuzhou Zhonan Science&technology Co Ltd
China University of Mining and Technology CUMT
China University of Mining and Technology Beijing CUMTB
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21F—SAFETY DEVICES, TRANSPORT, FILLING-UP, RESCUE, VENTILATION, OR DRAINING IN OR OF MINES OR TUNNELS
    • E21F15/00—Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings

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  • the invention relates to a method for determining a filling and recovery room type coal pillar, in particular to a method for determining the size and spacing of an artificial pillar suitable for recycling a house coal pillar.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a simple, reasonable, reliable and accurate method for the size of artificial pillars for recycling house coal pillars, in view of the problems existing in the existing coal-type coal technology left over from the existing recovery goaf.
  • the method of determining the spacing is to provide a simple, reasonable, reliable and accurate method for the size of artificial pillars for recycling house coal pillars, in view of the problems existing in the existing coal-type coal technology left over from the existing recovery goaf.
  • the method for determining the size and spacing of the artificial pillar of the recovery type coal pillar of the present invention in the process of recycling the coal pillar, the support process of the roof coal pillar to the upper roof is divided into separate pillars of the artificial pillar
  • the roof protection stage and the artificial pillar collaborate with the solid filling material in the joint support stage; according to the balance principle of force and the Winkel foundation model, respectively, the support characteristics of the two different stages are established, and the artificial pillar is supported by the roof stage and the artificial mine.
  • the mechanical model of the column combined with the solid filling material combined support stage, the force of the artificial column is obtained. According to the criterion that the load of the artificial column should be less than the allowable stress [ ⁇ 1 ], the artificial column is drawn separately.
  • the relationship between the artificial pillar size a ⁇ a and the artificial pillar spacing 1 in the joint support stage and the artificial pillar combined with the solid filling material is selected.
  • the curve with larger slope is selected as the artificial pillar size a ⁇ a and artificial.
  • the curve of the pillar spacing 1 is finally determined from the curve according to the design principle of the chamber coal pillar to determine the size of the artificial pillar width a and the artificial pillar spacing].
  • the overburden force applied by the direct roof is set to the uniform load q 1 , and the artificial pillar is subjected to the force F of the roof in the stage of individually supporting the roof of the artificial pillar:
  • the artificial pillar size and artificial mine are obtained.
  • the relationship between the column spacing 1 and the maximum allowable stress of the artificial pillar is:
  • the artificial pillar is constructed in cooperation with the mechanical model of the solid support material joint support stage:
  • the overburden force applied by the direct roof is set to the uniform load q 2 , and the pressure between the roof and the floor goaf is p (x) , and the artificial pillar cooperates with the solid filling material in the joint support stage.
  • the force of the pillar on the roof is F 1 , and the following equation is established according to the Winkel elastic foundation model:
  • the force balance principle can be used to know the force of the artificial pillar on the roof:
  • the maximum integer value of the corresponding artificial pillar width is taken as the artificial pillar width, and the artificial pillar height is consistent with the height of the house pillar.
  • the invention can accurately determine the reasonable size and spacing of the artificial pillars during the mining process, thereby ensuring the high efficiency of recovering the coal pillars and timely supporting the roof panels above the coal pillars. Function, control the surface sinking, to avoid accidents. This is of great significance for the further improvement of coal resource recovery rate, improvement of rock layer movement deformation and destruction, protection of mine safety production and promotion of coordinated environmental development in western mining areas of China. It is also important for the development of the basic theory of safe mining of house-type coal pillars in China. Influence, its theoretical and engineering significance is significant. It has guiding significance for the design of artificial pillars in the process of reclaiming and recovering house type coal pillars. The method is simple and easy, high in accuracy, and has wide practicality.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic view of an artificial pillar combined with a solid-filled recovery room type coal pillar according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 2a is a mechanical model diagram of the stage of the individual support roof of the artificial pillar of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2b is a mechanical analysis diagram of the stage of the independent support roof of the artificial pillar of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the spacing and the size of the artificial pillars in the artificial pillar support stage of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4a is a mechanical model diagram of the stage of the joint support roof of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4b is a mechanical analysis diagram of the stage of the joint support roof of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the spacing and size of the artificial pillars in the combined support stage of the present invention.
  • the method for determining the size and spacing of the artificial pillar of the recovery type coal pillar of the invention in the process of recycling the coal pillar, the support process of the roof coal pillar to the upper roof is divided into the artificial pillar and the roof of the roof Cooperating with artificial pillars in the joint support stage of solid filling materials; according to the balance principle of force and Winkel foundation model, respectively, the support characteristics of two different stages are established, and the artificial pillars are separately supported in the roof stage and the artificial pillars are coordinated solid.
  • the mechanical model of the combined support stage of the filling material is used to obtain the stress of the artificial pillar. According to the criterion that the load of the artificial pillar should be less than the allowable stress [ ⁇ 1 ], the artificial pillar can be drawn separately.
  • the relationship between the artificial pillar size a ⁇ a and the artificial pillar spacing 1 in the stage of combined with the artificial pillar and the solid filling material is selected.
  • the curve with larger slope is selected as the artificial pillar size a ⁇ a and the artificial pillar spacing.
  • the curve of 1 finally determines the artificial column width a and the artificial column spacing 1 from the curve according to the design principle of the house coal.
  • the maximum integer value of the corresponding artificial pillar width is taken as the artificial pillar width, and the artificial pillar height is consistent with the height of the house pillar.
  • the overburden force applied by the direct roof is set to the uniform load q 1 , and the artificial pillar is subjected to the force F of the roof in the stage of individually supporting the roof of the artificial pillar:
  • the artificial pillar size and artificial ore are obtained according to the criterion that the maximum stress ⁇ max of the artificial pillar is less than the allowable stress of the artificial pillar.
  • the relationship between the column spacing 1 and the maximum allowable stress of the artificial pillar is:
  • the artificial pillar is constructed in cooperation with the mechanical model of the solid support material joint support stage:
  • the overburden force applied by the direct roof is set to the uniform load q 2 , and the pressure between the roof and the floor goaf is p (x) , and the artificial pillar cooperates with the solid filling material in the joint support stage.
  • the force of the pillar on the roof is F 1 , and the following equation is established according to the Winkel elastic foundation model:
  • the force balance principle can be used to know the force of the artificial pillar on the roof:
  • the method for determining the size and spacing of the artificial pillars of the recovery type coal pillar of the present invention is based on the use of artificial pillars and solid-filled recovery coal-type coal pillars in a mine in the northwest region, according to the geological conditions of the mine.
  • the layout and size of the artificial pillar are studied. It is known that the height of the mine pillar is 5.3m and the thickness of the direct roof is 4.8m. According to the basic experiment of rock mechanics, the elastic modulus of the roof can be 25.8GPa.
  • the allowable stress [ ⁇ 1 ] of the pillar is 3 MPa, and the elastic modulus of the coal is 14 GPa.
  • the force F of the artificial pillar subjected to the roof can be expressed as:
  • the artificial pillar size and spacing and the allowable stress of the artificial pillar are obtained. The relationship is:
  • the suspended area of the roof plate becomes larger, and the overburden load of the direct roof is also larger and larger, which causes the deflection of the roof plate to gradually increase.
  • the solid filling material is gradually compacted and generates support for the roof.
  • the coal mining operation space is transformed from a single artificial pillar support stage to a combined support stage of the artificial pillar and the room goaf filling body;
  • the weight of the overlying strata bearing the direct roof is regarded as a uniform load, and the mechanical model and mechanical analysis of the artificial pillar-room goaf filling body-direct roof are simplified as shown in Fig. 4a and Fig. 4b, respectively;
  • the overburden force applied by the direct roof is set to the uniform load q 2 , and the pressure between the roof and the filling body of the house gob is p (x) , and F 1 is the force of the artificial pillar to the roof.
  • the following equation is established based on the Winkel elastic foundation model:
  • k 1 - room type goaf filling body foundation coefficient is determined according to the elastic modulus E of the filling body.
  • the foundation coefficient of the k 1 -house goaf filling body is determined according to the elastic modulus E of the filling body;
  • the undetermined coefficients of A, B, C, D- fourth-order constant coefficient linear non-homogeneous differential equations can be calculated from given boundary conditions.
  • the artificial pillar spacing is less than 20 m from the curve of Fig. 5
  • the maximum integer value of the corresponding artificial pillar width is taken as the artificial pillar width.
  • the allowable spacing of the artificial pillar is 16m
  • the artificial pillar height is the same as the height of the chamber coal pillar is 5.3m.

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Abstract

一种回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法，在回收房式煤柱过程中，将房式煤柱对上方顶板的支护过程分为人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段；根据力的平衡原理和温克尔地基模型分别针对两个阶段的支护特点，建立了人工矿柱和顶板的力学模型，得出了人工矿柱的受力情况。根据人工矿柱所受载荷应小于其许用应力[σ 1]的判别准则，得到两个支护阶段人工矿柱许用应力与人工矿柱尺寸a×a和人工矿柱间距l之间的关系，由上述关系得到了不同阶段人工矿柱尺寸和间距的关系曲线图。最终综合确定人工矿柱尺寸和间距的大小。该方法简单易行，准确性高，对于我国房式煤柱安全回采基础理论的发展具有重要的影响。

Description

一种回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种充填开采回收房式煤柱的确定方法，特别是一种适用于回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法。
背景技术
我国西部矿区以储量丰富、煤质优良、地质构造简单和开采条件优越而备受国内外关注，上世纪八十年代起，全国煤炭市场疲软，该区域很多地方煤矿开采大量采用生产成本相对较低的“房柱式”或“残柱式”打眼放炮采煤方法，生产技术装备水平低和生产工艺落后，以掘代采，采掘不分，这些煤矿经过多年的开采，留下了大量的房柱式采空区，这些遗留房式煤柱一方面会造成国家资源的极大浪费，另一方面，由于长期载荷的作用，煤柱强度弱化问题越来越凸现，给当地带来大量的隐患。
近来年对着固体充填开采技术在解决“三下”压煤问题的作用日益显著，采用胶结材料构筑人工矿柱配合采用固体充填采煤技术为回收房式煤柱，控制地表下沉提供了可行方法。目前采用混凝土浇筑人工矿柱代替原生矿柱回采矿体的房柱法还缺少大量的现场试验和成熟的理论指导，对于房柱采矿法矿柱极限承载力和结构参数的研究大多数停留在对原生矿柱的研究。如何确定人工矿柱的合理尺寸和间距是该项技术的核心，可以实现经济高效的回收房式煤柱，这对于我国西部矿区进一步提高煤炭资源采出率、改善岩层移动变形与破坏状况、保障矿井安全生产和推进环境协调发展具有重要意义。
发明内容
技术问题：本发明的目的是针对现有回收采空区遗留的房式煤杜技术存在的问题，提供一种方法简单、合理可靠、准确的用于回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法。
技术方案：本发明的回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法：在回收房式煤柱过程中，将房式煤柱对上方顶板的支护过程分为人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段；根据力的平衡原理和温克尔地基模型分别针对两个不同阶段的支护特点，建立人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段的力学模型，得出人工矿柱的受力情况，根据人工矿柱所受载荷应小于其许用应力[σ1]的判别准则，绘制出人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱尺寸a×a和人工矿柱间距1的关系图，选取斜率较大的曲线作为选择人工矿柱尺寸a×a和人工矿柱间距1的曲线，最终根据房式煤柱设计原则从曲线上确定人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距]的大小。
所述的人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段的力学模型建立：
a.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q1，则在人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段，人工矿柱受到顶板的作用力F表示为：
F＝q1(l+a)
式中：a-人工矿柱的宽度，m；
1-人工矿柱的间距，m；
b.对构筑人工矿柱的胶结充填材料进行强度测试，测得人工矿柱许用应力[σ1]；
c.将上覆岩层对人工矿柱的作用力视为均布载荷，则根据人工矿柱所受最大应力σmax应小于人工矿柱许用应力的判别准则，得到人工矿柱尺寸和人工矿柱间距1与人工矿柱许用最大应力的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000001
即：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000002
d.绘制人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段，人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1之间的关系图。
所述的人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段的力学模型建立：
a.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q2，顶板与房式采空区充填体间的压力为p(x)，人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱对顶板的作用力为F1，根据温克尔弹性地基模型建立以下方程：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000003
其中：p(x)＝k1w(x)
式中：EI-抗弯刚度；E-房式采空区充填体的弹性模量；I-横截面对弯曲中性轴的轴惯性矩；k1-房式采空区充填体地基系数，根据房式采空区充填体的弹性模量E求出；
则有：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000004
求解上述微分方程可得出房式采空区充填体的挠度w(x)为：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000005
则房式采空区充填体对顶板的作用力：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000006
由力的平衡原理可知人工矿柱对顶板的作用力：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000007
b.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷，则根据人工矿柱所受最大应力应小于人工矿柱许用应力的判别准则，得到人工矿柱尺寸和间距与人工矿柱许用应力的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000008
c.绘制人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距 1之间的关系图。
当从曲线中选取的人工矿柱间距1小于20m时，对应的人工矿柱宽度的最大整数值作为人工矿柱宽度，人工矿柱高度与房式煤柱高度一致。
有益效果：由于采用了上述技术方案，本发明能准确地得出在开采过程中人工矿柱的合理尺寸和间距，既保证了回收煤柱的高效性，又能及时对煤柱上方顶板产生支撑作用，控制地表下沉，避免事故的发生。这对于我国西部矿区进一步提高煤炭资源采出率、改善岩层移动变形与破坏状况、保障矿井安全生产和推进环境协调发展具有重要意义，对于我国房式煤柱安全回采基础理论的发展也具有重要的影响，其理论与工程意义显著。对于采用充填开采回收房式煤柱过程中人工矿柱的设计具有指导意义。其方法简单易行，准确性高，具有广泛的实用性。
附图说明
图1为本发明的人工矿柱协同固体充填回收房式煤柱示意图。
图2a为本发明的人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段力学模型图。
图2b为本发明的人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段力学分析图。
图3为本发明的人工矿柱支护阶段人工矿柱间距和尺寸关系图。
图4a为本发明的联合支护顶板阶段力学模型图。
图4b为本发明的联合支护顶板阶段力学分析图。
图5为本发明的联合支护阶段人工矿柱间距和尺寸关系图。
具体实施方式
本发明的回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法：在回收房式煤柱过程中，将房式煤柱对上方顶板的支护过程分为人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段；根据力的平衡原理和温克尔地基模型分别针对两个不同阶段的支护特点，建立人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段的力学模型，得出人工矿柱的受力情况，根据人工矿柱所受载荷应小于其许用应力[σ1]的判别准则，绘制出人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱尺寸a×a和人工矿柱间距1的关系图，选取斜率较大的曲线作为选择人工矿柱尺寸a×a和人工矿柱间距1的曲线，最终根据房式煤杜设计原则从曲线上确定人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1的大小。当从曲线中选取的人工矿柱间距1小于20m时，对应的人工矿柱宽度的最大整数值作为人工矿柱宽度，人工矿柱高度与房式煤柱高度一致。
所述的人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段的力学模型建立：
a.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q1，则在人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段，人工矿柱受到顶板的作用力F表示为：
F＝q1(l+a)
式中：a-人工矿柱的宽度，m；
1-人工矿柱的间距，m；
b.对构筑人工矿柱的胶结充填材料进行强度测试，测得人工矿柱许用应力[σ1]；
c.将上覆岩层对人工矿柱的作用力视为均布载荷，则根据人工矿柱所受最大应力 σmax应小于人工矿柱许用应力的判别准则，得到人工矿柱尺寸和人工矿柱间距1与人工矿柱许用最大应力的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000009
即：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000010
d.绘制人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段，人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1之间的关系图。
所述的人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段的力学模型建立：
a.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q2，顶板与房式采空区充填体间的压力为p(x)，人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱对顶板的作用力为F1，根据温克尔弹性地基模型建立以下方程：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000011
其中：p(x)＝k1w(x)
式中：EI-抗弯刚度；E-房式采空区充填体的弹性模量；I-横截面对弯曲中性轴的轴惯性矩；k1-房式采空区充填体地基系数，根据房式采空区充填体的弹性模量E求出；
则有：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000012
求解上述微分方程可得出房式采空区充填体的挠度w(x)为：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000013
则房式采空区充填体对顶板的作用力：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000014
由力的平衡原理可知人工矿柱对顶板的作用力：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000015
b.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷，则根据人工矿柱所受最大应力应小于人工矿杜许用应力的判别准则，得到人工矿柱尺寸和间距与人工矿柱许用应力的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000016
c.绘制人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1之间的关系图。
下面结合附图中的实施例对本发明作进一步的描述：
如图1所示，本发明的回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法，以西北地区某矿采用人工矿柱协同固体充填回收房式煤柱作为例，根据该矿地质条件对人工矿柱的 布置及尺寸进行研究：已知该矿房式煤柱高为5.3m，直接顶厚度为4.8m，根据岩样进行岩石力学基本实验可得顶板弹性模量为25.8GPa，人工矿柱许用应力[σ1]为3MPa，煤的弹性模量为14GPa；在人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段，根据采动影响范围取均布载荷为q1＝2MPa，而在人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段，取均布载荷为q2＝2.5MPa；
(1)人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段的力学模型建立方法如下：
a.在人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段，即煤柱回收初期，由于顶板下沉量较小，尚未接触固体充填材料，此时煤层上覆岩层压力主要由人工矿柱承担，将人工矿柱间的直接顶简化为两端简支梁，则将人工矿柱-直接顶的力学模型和力学分析图分别如图2a和图2b所示；
将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q1，则人工矿柱受到顶板的作用力F可表示为：
F＝q1(l+a)
式中：a-人工矿柱的宽度，m；
1-人工矿柱的间距，m；
b.通过对构筑人工矿柱的胶结充填材料进行强度测试，得到人工矿柱许用应力[σ1]＝3MPa；
c.将人工矿杜上覆作用力看作均布载荷，则根据人工矿柱所受最大应力应小于矿柱许用应力的判别准则，得到人工矿柱尺寸和间距与人工矿柱许用应力的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000017
即：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000018
进一步化简可得：1＝1.5a2-a；
d.根据上述人工矿柱尺寸和间距与人工矿柱许用应力的关系绘制出人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1之间的关系图，如图3所示；
(2)人工矿柱协同同体充填材料联合支护阶段的力学模型建立：
a.随着房式煤柱的不断回收，顶板悬空面积变大，直接顶承受上覆载荷也越来越大，导致顶板的挠度也逐渐增大，当顶板与房式采空区充填体接触时，固体充填材料被逐步压实并产生对顶板的支持力，采煤作业空间由单一的人工矿柱支撑阶段转变为人工矿柱和房式采空区充填体联合支撑阶段；此时，将直接顶承受的上覆岩层重量看作为均布载荷，人工矿柱-房式采空区充填体-直接顶的力学模型和力学分析图分别简化为如图4a和图4b所示；
将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q2，顶板与房式采空区充填体间的压力为p(x)，F1为人工矿柱对顶板的作用力。根据温克尔弹性地基模型建立以下方程：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000019
其中：EI-抗弯刚度；
E-房式采空区充填体的弹性模量；
I-横截面对弯曲中性轴的轴惯性矩；
p(x)＝k1w(x)
式中：k1-房式采空区充填体地基系数，根据充填体的弹性模量E求出。
则
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000020
求解上述微分方程可得出房式采空区充填体的挠度w(x)为：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000021
则房式采空区充填体对顶板的作用力：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000022
由力的平衡原理可知人工矿杜对顶板的作用力：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000023
式中a-人工矿柱的宽度，m；
1-人工矿柱的间距，m；
k1-房式采空区充填体地基系数，根据充填体的弹性模量E求出；
A、B、C、D-四阶常系数线性非齐次微分方程的待定系数，可由给定边界条件算出。
b.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷，则根据人工矿柱所受最大应力σmax应小于矿柱许用应力[σ1]的判别准则，得到人工矿柱尺寸和间距与人工矿柱许用应力的关系为：
Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-000024
c.采用Maple求解上式可得人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱间距和尺寸的关系图，如图5所示。
(3)通过比较图3：人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1之间的关系图与图5：人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1之间的关系图。选取斜率较大的曲线作为选择人工矿柱宽度和间距的曲线，即选取人工矿柱宽度a相同条件下，人工矿柱间距1较大的曲线。进而选择图5作为挑选人工矿柱宽度和间距的曲线。由于煤房设计原则中煤房长度15-20m，且要求尺寸尽量规整以便于施工。所以从图5曲线中选取人工矿柱间距小于20m时，对应的人工矿柱宽度的最大整数值作为人工矿柱宽度。最终选取当人工矿柱尺寸为4m×4m时，人工矿柱允许间距达到16m，人工矿柱高度与房式煤柱高度一样均是5.3m。

Claims (4)

  1. 一种回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法，其特征是：在回收房式煤柱过程中，将房式煤柱对上方顶板的支护过程分为人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段；根据力的平衡原理和温克尔地基模型分别针对两个不同阶段的支护特点，建立人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段的力学模型，得出人工矿柱的受力情况，根据人工矿柱所受载荷应小于其许用应力[σ1]的判别准则，绘制出人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段和人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱尺寸a×a和人工矿柱间距1的关系图，选取斜率较大的曲线作为选择人工矿柱尺寸a×a和人工矿柱间距1的曲线，最终根据房式煤柱设计原则从曲线上确定人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1的大小。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的一种回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法，其特征是：所述的人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段的力学模型建立：
    a.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q1，则在人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段，人工矿柱受到顶板的作用力F表示为：
    F＝q1(1+a)
    式中：a-人工矿柱的宽度，m；
    1-人工矿柱的间距，m；
    b.对构筑人工矿柱的胶结充填材料进行强度测试，测得人工矿柱许用应力[σ1]；
    c.将上覆岩层对人工矿柱的作用力视为均布载荷，则根据人工矿柱所受最大应力σmax应小于人工矿柱许用应力的判别准则，得到人工矿柱尺寸和人工矿柱间距1与人工矿柱许用最大应力的关系为：
    Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-100001
    即：
    Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-100002
    d.绘制人工矿柱单独支护顶板阶段，人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1之间的关系图。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的一种回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法，其特征是：所述的人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段的力学模型建立：
    a.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷q2，顶板与房式采空区充填体间的压力为p(x)，人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱对顶板的作用力为F1，根据温克尔弹性地基模型建立以下方程：
    Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-100003
    其中：p(x)＝k1w(x)
    式中：EI-抗弯刚度；E-房式采空区充填体的弹性模量；I-横截面对弯曲中性轴的轴惯性矩；k1-房式采空区充填体地基系数，根据房式采空区充填体的弹性模量E求出；
    则有：
    Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-100004
    求解上述微分方程可得出房式采空区充填体的挠度w(x)为：
    Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-100005
    则房式采空区充填体对顶板的作用力：
    Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-100006
    由力的平衡原理可知人工矿柱对顶板的作用力：
    Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-100007
    b.将直接顶承受的上覆岩层作用力设置为均布载荷，则根据人工矿柱所受最大应力应小于人工矿柱许用应力的判别准则，得到人工矿柱尺寸和间距与人工矿柱许用应力的关系为：
    Figure PCTCN2017114225-appb-100008
    c.绘制人工矿柱协同固体充填材料联合支护阶段人工矿柱宽度a和人工矿柱间距1之间的关系图。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的一种回收房式煤柱的人工矿柱尺寸和间距的确定方法，其特征是：当从曲线中选取的人工矿柱间距1小于20m时，对应的人工矿柱宽度的最大整数值作为人工矿柱宽度，人工矿柱高度与房式煤柱高度一致。
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