WO2018157713A1 - 一种信息显示设备及信息显示方法 - Google Patents

一种信息显示设备及信息显示方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018157713A1
WO2018157713A1 PCT/CN2018/075630 CN2018075630W WO2018157713A1 WO 2018157713 A1 WO2018157713 A1 WO 2018157713A1 CN 2018075630 W CN2018075630 W CN 2018075630W WO 2018157713 A1 WO2018157713 A1 WO 2018157713A1
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Prior art keywords
grating
holographic
dimensional
light field
optical waveguide
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PCT/CN2018/075630
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
林涛
周鹏程
李燕
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to EP18761329.4A priority Critical patent/EP3575851B1/en
Publication of WO2018157713A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018157713A1/zh
Priority to US16/551,250 priority patent/US11128847B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3141—Constructional details thereof
    • H04N9/3173—Constructional details thereof wherein the projection device is specially adapted for enhanced portability
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B27/0103—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising holographic elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/42—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect
    • G02B27/4205—Diffraction optics, i.e. systems including a diffractive element being designed for providing a diffractive effect having a diffractive optical element [DOE] contributing to image formation, e.g. whereby modulation transfer function MTF or optical aberrations are relevant
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02057—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating comprising gratings
    • G02B6/02076—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings
    • G02B6/0208—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response
    • G02B6/02085—Refractive index modulation gratings, e.g. Bragg gratings characterised by their structure, wavelength response characterised by the grating profile, e.g. chirped, apodised, tilted, helical
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/04—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms
    • G03H1/10—Processes or apparatus for producing holograms using modulated reference beam
    • G03H1/12—Spatial modulation, e.g. ghost imaging
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
    • G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
    • G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
    • G03H1/22—Processes or apparatus for obtaining an optical image from holograms
    • G03H1/2202—Reconstruction geometries or arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N9/00—Details of colour television systems
    • H04N9/12—Picture reproducers
    • H04N9/31—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM]
    • H04N9/3102—Projection devices for colour picture display, e.g. using electronic spatial light modulators [ESLM] using two-dimensional electronic spatial light modulators
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0118—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility
    • G02B2027/012—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices for improving the contrast of the display / brillance control visibility comprising devices for attenuating parasitic image effects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0127—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising devices increasing the depth of field
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/0101—Head-up displays characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0132—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems
    • G02B2027/0134—Head-up displays characterised by optical features comprising binocular systems of stereoscopic type
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G02B27/017—Head mounted
    • G02B27/0172—Head mounted characterised by optical features
    • G02B2027/0174—Head mounted characterised by optical features holographic
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G02B6/122—Basic optical elements, e.g. light-guiding paths
    • G02B6/124—Geodesic lenses or integrated gratings

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to the field of information display technologies, and in particular, to an information display device and an information display method.
  • Augmented Reality (AR) technology is a technology that seamlessly integrates real-world information with virtual world information. It applies the information of the virtual world to the real world through science and technology such as sensing, computing and graphics.
  • AR glasses products are currently on the market.
  • the common feature of these products is that the virtual image is mapped onto a fixed focal plane so that the user can see the image on the focal plane and display the left and right eyes through parallax.
  • Different images to generate a three-dimensional display are currently on the market.
  • a common AR display device application scheme is an optical waveguide scheme of a diffraction grating.
  • the working principle is that light from an image source passes through a collimating lens and becomes parallel light, and parallel light is irradiated to the coupling inlet.
  • the diffraction grating is diffracted, the diffracted light enters the optical waveguide, and is totally reflected and transmitted in the optical waveguide, and the diffraction grating at the coupling exit is diffracted, and the diffracted light is parallel light, and the parallel light enters the human eye.
  • parallel light is equivalent to light from a source at infinity. Therefore, this type of product usually places the focal plane at the infinity of optical significance.
  • the user wants to see that the virtual object must focus on the fixed focal plane. Since the lens of the eyeball is fixed for a long time, the long-term use may cause damage to the vision. In addition, when the rendered virtual object moves in the space, the user's line of sight converges on the virtual object, and the human eye focuses on a fixed focal plane, which causes the line-of-sight convergence information to be inconsistent with the eyeball focus information, that is, "convergence conflict". The problem, long-term use will bring discomfort to the human eye.
  • the focal plane is set at the infinity of the optical meaning, that is, the position where the human eye focuses is the infinity of the optical meaning
  • the rendered virtual object needs to be superimposed on the real object closer to the human eye, due to the human eye If you need to focus on a real object in the vicinity, you can't focus on the focal plane at infinity optically at the same time, which makes it impossible for the user to see the real object and the virtual object superimposed on it at the same time.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides an information display device and an information display method for solving the problem that the information display device is unique and fixed when displaying a three-dimensional image.
  • an information display device which generates a holographic three-dimensional image through a spatial light modulator, the holographic three-dimensional image is coupled into an optical waveguide through a grating such as a grating, propagates in the optical waveguide, and is then coupled through a grating to enter the human eye. Therefore, the human eye can see the image of the true three-dimensional display, and the image that is truly three-dimensionally displayed can simultaneously display the three-dimensional display of the binocular parallax and the focus information correctly.
  • a grating such as a grating
  • the information display device includes a spatial light modulator, a first grating, a second grating, and an optical waveguide, wherein: the spatial light modulator is configured to emit a holographic three-dimensional light field to the first grating, The holographic three-dimensional light field corresponds to at least two focal planes; the first grating is configured to deflect the holographic three-dimensional light field emitted by the spatial light modulator, so that the holographic three-dimensional light field is in a first direction Propagating into the optical waveguide; the optical waveguide for receiving the holographic three-dimensional light field introduced by the first grating, propagating the holographic three-dimensional light field in the optical waveguide, a second grating propagating the holographic three-dimensional light field; the second grating for deflecting the holographic three-dimensional light field propagating in the optical waveguide, thereby transmitting the holographic three-dimensional light field in a second direction
  • the optical waveguide is taken out, and the user sees
  • the information display device further includes a separation hole disposed in the second grating, the first grating further having a lens function, and also for focusing the holographic three-dimensional light field, Wherein the first grating is used to focus zero-order light in the holographic three-dimensional light field at the separation hole; the separation hole is configured to absorb the zero-order light after focusing, or after focusing The zero-order light propagates in a third direction, the third direction being different from the second direction. In this way, the interference of the zero-order light on the display effect of the holographic three-dimensional image can be eliminated, so that the final displayed holographic three-dimensional image is clearer, the contrast is higher, and the display effect is better.
  • the second grating further has a lens function, and is further configured to display the holographic three-dimensional image in an enlarged manner when the holographic three-dimensional image is located within a focal length of the second lens. In this way, the field of view of the display can be enlarged.
  • the first grating is disposed between the spatial light modulator and the optical waveguide, the first grating transmitting the holographic three-dimensional light field through the first grating and The holographic three-dimensional light field is deflected; or the optical waveguide is disposed between the first grating and the spatial light modulator, the first grating reflects the holographic three-dimensional light field; the second a grating disposed between the spatial light modulator and the optical waveguide, the second grating transmitting the holographic three-dimensional light field through the second grating and deflecting the holographic three-dimensional light field; or A second grating is disposed between the spatial light modulator and the second grating, and the second grating reflects the holographic three-dimensional light field. In this way, the structure type of the information display device is expanded, so that the structural design of the information display device is more flexible and convenient.
  • the second grating has a high transparency such that the human eye can simultaneously receive the live image and the holographic three-dimensional image, thereby displaying an augmented reality effect with a true three-dimensional display function.
  • an information display method wherein a holographic three-dimensional light field is emitted to a first grating by a spatial light modulator, the holographic three-dimensional light field corresponding to at least two focal planes; and the spatial light modulator is emitted by the first grating
  • the holographic three-dimensional light field is deflected such that the holographic three-dimensional light field propagates into the optical waveguide in a first direction; the holographic three-dimensional light field introduced by the first grating is received through an optical waveguide Propagating the holographic three-dimensional light field in the optical waveguide, propagating the holographic three-dimensional light field to the second grating; and deflecting the holographic three-dimensional light field propagating in the optical waveguide by a second grating So that the holographic three-dimensional light field is transmitted out of the optical waveguide in the second direction, and the user sees the holographic three-dimensional light field transmitted in the second direction after the user's eyes receive
  • the zero-order light in the holographic three-dimensional light field is focused by the first grating at a separation aperture, wherein the separation aperture is disposed in the second grating;
  • the aperture absorbs the zero-order light after focusing, or propagates the focused zero-order light in a third direction, the third direction being different from the second direction.
  • the holographic three-dimensional image when the holographic three-dimensional image is located within a focal length of the second grating, the holographic three-dimensional image is enlargedly displayed by the second grating, wherein the second grating has a lens function . In this way, the field of view of the display can be enlarged.
  • the first grating transmits the holographic three-dimensional light field through the first grating and Deflecting the holographic three-dimensional light field; if the optical waveguide is disposed between the first grating and the spatial light modulator, the said light grating is emitted by the first grating Holographic three-dimensional light field for reflection; if the second grating is disposed between the spatial light modulator and the optical waveguide, the second grating transmits the holographic three-dimensional light field through the second grating Deflecting the holographic three-dimensional light field; or, if the optical waveguide is disposed between the spatial light modulator and the second grating, reflecting the holographic three-dimensional light field by the second grating . In this way, the structure type of the information display device is expanded, so that the structural design of the information display device is more flexible and convenient.
  • a head mounted augmented reality device comprising the information display device as described in the first aspect above and any of the possible designs of the first aspect.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an information display device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of an information display device in an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a second schematic structural diagram of an information display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a third schematic structural diagram of an information display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a zero-order optical filtering principle in an information display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram showing an enlarged display field of view in an information display device according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart diagram of an information display method in an embodiment of the present application.
  • An embodiment of the present application provides an information display device based on a holographic optical element, which generates a holographic three-dimensional image through a spatial light modulator, the holographic three-dimensional image is coupled into an optical waveguide through a grating such as a grating, propagated in the optical waveguide, and then coupled through the grating.
  • the image is emitted and enters the human eye, so that the human eye can see the image of the true three-dimensional display, and the image that is truly three-dimensionally displayed can simultaneously display the three-dimensional display of the binocular parallax and the focus information correctly.
  • the information display device of the embodiment of the present application may be an AR glasses.
  • 1 is a possible architectural diagram of an information display device 100 including a spatial light modulator 101, a first grating 102, a second grating 102, and an optical waveguide 103.
  • the spatial light modulator 101 may be, for example, liquid crystal on silicon (LCoS), or a liquid crystal on silicon or a single crystal silicon reflective liquid crystal; for example, it may be a micro electromechanical system (MEMS). Or it may be a display device such as a liquid crystal panel.
  • LCD liquid crystal on silicon
  • MEMS micro electromechanical system
  • the grating 102 may be a coupling grating, such as a holographic film.
  • the grating 102 can deflect the direction of propagation of the light, wherein the light can be transmitted through the grating 102, and the grating 102 can also reflect the light.
  • the first grating 102 and the second grating 102 are identical in material and function, but differ in position in the information display device, thereby producing deflections that act differently on the light at different locations.
  • the information display device 100 can include the following structures:
  • the optical waveguide 103 is disposed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the first grating 102, and the optical waveguide 103 is disposed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the second grating 102;
  • first grating 102 and the second grating 102 are both disposed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the optical waveguide 103;
  • the optical waveguide 103 is disposed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the first grating 102, and the second grating 102 is disposed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the optical waveguide 103;
  • the optical waveguide 103 is disposed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the second grating 102, and the first grating 102 is disposed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the optical waveguide 103.
  • the grating 102 When the optical waveguide 103 is disposed between the optical modulator 101 and the grating 102, the grating 102 reflects light; when the grating 102 is disposed between the optical modulator 101 and the optical waveguide 103, the grating 102 transmits light through the grating 102. It also acts as a deflection for the direction of light propagation.
  • the optical waveguide 103 is a medium that can transmit light, and the total reflection of the light can propagate the light.
  • the information display device Based on the architecture diagram of the information display device shown in FIG. 1, the information display device will be described in detail below.
  • the spatial light modulator 101 is configured to emit a holographic three-dimensional light field to the first grating 102.
  • the spatial light modulator 101 loads the holographic display data, generates a holographic three-dimensional light field from the holographic display data using the light source, and emits the generated holographic three-dimensional light field to the first grating 102.
  • the holographic three-dimensional light field corresponds to at least two focal planes, and the holographic three-dimensional light field incident on the human eye can display the holographic three-dimensional image through the at least two focal planes.
  • the holographic display data may be completed offline, or the three-dimensional data information may be converted into holographic display data by the conversion module.
  • the spatial light modulator 101 is illuminated by a light source such as a laser to generate a holographic three-dimensional light field.
  • a first grating 102 configured to deflect a holographic three-dimensional light field emitted by the spatial light modulator, so that the holographic three-dimensional light field propagates into the optical waveguide in the first direction;
  • the optical waveguide 103 is configured to receive the holographic three-dimensional light field introduced by the first grating, and propagate the holographic three-dimensional light field in the optical waveguide 103.
  • a second grating 102 for deflecting the holographic three-dimensional light field propagating in the optical waveguide 103, so that the holographic three-dimensional light field is transmitted out of the optical waveguide 103 in the second direction, and the user receives the second along the second eye of the user A holographic three-dimensional image corresponding to the holographic three-dimensional light field is seen after the holographic three-dimensional light field transmitted in the direction.
  • the holographic three-dimensional light field can be transmitted to the human eye to display a holographic three-dimensional image in the human eye.
  • the first grating 102 when the first grating 102 is placed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the optical waveguide 103, the first grating 102 transmits the holographic three-dimensional light field emitted by the spatial light modulator 101 through the first grating 102 and performs the holographic three-dimensional light field. Deflection; or, the optical waveguide 103 is disposed between the first grating 102 and the spatial light modulator 101, and the first grating 102 reflects the holographic three-dimensional light field emitted by the spatial light modulator 101;
  • the second grating 102 When the second grating 102 is placed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the optical waveguide 103, the second grating 102 transmits the holographic three-dimensional light field propagating in the optical waveguide 103 through the second grating 102 and deflects the holographic three-dimensional light field; or
  • the optical waveguide 103 is disposed between the spatial light modulator 101 and the second grating 102, and the second grating 102 reflects the holographic three-dimensional light field propagating in the optical waveguide 103.
  • the holographic three-dimensional light field contains collimated zero-order light and broadband three-dimensional object light.
  • the three-dimensional object light propagates through the optical waveguide 103 and the grating 102 is deflected to the human eye to participate in imaging to generate a holographic three-dimensional image.
  • the zero-order light does not participate in imaging. If it is introduced into the human eye, it will appear as a white spot on the holographic three-dimensional image, which will eventually lead to a decrease in the contrast and brightness of the holographic three-dimensional image, affecting the rendering effect of the holographic three-dimensional image.
  • the interference of the zero-order light on the final rendering effect is eliminated.
  • the information display device further includes a separation hole 104, and the first grating 102 further has a lens function.
  • the first grating 102 can be a coupling grating that integrates lens functions.
  • the first grating 102 is a holographic film, and a thin lens is uniformly recorded in the holographic film.
  • the thin lens may be a Fresnel lens, which can converge the light to converge the light on the back focal plane.
  • the first grating 102 can also be a combination of a coupling grating that deflects light and a lens grating that has a function of concentrating light.
  • the separation hole 104 is disposed in the second grating 102.
  • the separation hole 104 may be a region where the grating is not disposed in the second grating 102, so that the light incident to the region can be made in other directions away from the original reflection direction of the grating reflection. Deflection, optionally, the light continues to propagate in the optical waveguide 103 until it is transmitted on the side of the optical waveguide 103.
  • the separation aperture 104 can also be a high absorption film that has a high absorption of light and can The light that hits this area is completely absorbed or mostly absorbed.
  • the solid line in FIG. 4 indicates three-dimensional object light, and the three-dimensional object light emitted from the spatial light modulator 101 propagates to the optical waveguide 103, is reflected by the first grating 102, and propagates in the first direction to the incoming optical waveguide 103. Total reflection occurs in the waveguide 103 to propagate in the optical waveguide 103 until it is reflected by the second grating 102, and propagates the outgoing optical waveguide 103 in the second direction, which is transmitted to the human eye, so that the user receives the second along the user's eyes.
  • a holographic three-dimensional image corresponding to the holographic three-dimensional light field is seen after the holographic three-dimensional light field transmitted in the direction.
  • the second grating 102 is substantially transparent, and therefore, the human eye can simultaneously receive the real-life image and the holographic three-dimensional image, thereby displaying an augmented reality effect having a true three-dimensional display function.
  • the light shown by the dotted line represents the light of zero-order light
  • the light of the zero-order light passes through the first grating 102, is concentrated by the first grating 102, and the separation hole 104 is disposed on the back focal plane of the first grating 102, so that the zero-order
  • the light beam is focused by the first grating 102 on the separation aperture 104, the separation aperture 104 absorbs the focused zero-order light, or the focused zero-order light propagates in the third direction, the third direction being different from the second direction.
  • zero-order light is not deflected into the human eye by the second grating 102.
  • the light of a zero-order light is reflected and deflected after passing through the first grating 102, after multiple times of total reflection in the optical waveguide 103.
  • the separated aperture 104 is focused on the focal plane, that is, focused on the separation aperture 104 in the second grating 102, and the focused zero-order light is absorbed by the separation aperture 104 in whole or in part, or the focused zero-order light is
  • the separation holes 104 are deflected in other directions that are offset from the original reflection direction.
  • the three-dimensional object light illuminates the region of the second grating 102 having the grating, it is deflected into the human eye, and the zero-order light is focused on the separation hole 104 in the second grating 102, and is not deflected into the human eye, thereby The separation of zero-order light and three-dimensional object light is realized, and zero-order noise is eliminated.
  • the second grating 102 In order to enlarge the field of view (FoV), as shown in FIG. 6, the second grating 102 also has a lens function, and the method of integrating the lens function is the same as the method of integrating the lens with the first grating 102, and details are not described herein again. .
  • the second grating 102 has the effect of magnifying an object located within a focal length. When the holographic three-dimensional image 105 is within one focal length of the second grating 102, the second grating 102 magnifies the holographic three-dimensional image 105.
  • the first grating 102 and the second grating 102 integrate the lens function, and can not only eliminate zero-order noise but also amplify the FoV of the true three-dimensional display without significantly increasing the volume of the device.
  • the embodiment of the present application further provides an information display method, which is applied to the information display device 100 described above.
  • the method is as follows:
  • Step 701 The holographic three-dimensional light field is emitted to the first grating by the spatial light modulator, and the holographic three-dimensional light field corresponds to at least two focal planes;
  • Step 702 Deflect the holographic three-dimensional light field emitted by the spatial light modulator by the first grating, so that the holographic three-dimensional light field propagates into the incoming optical waveguide in the first direction.
  • Step 703 Receive a holographic three-dimensional light field introduced by the first grating through the optical waveguide, and propagate the holographic three-dimensional light field in the optical waveguide.
  • Step 704 deflecting the holographic three-dimensional light field propagating in the optical waveguide by the second grating, so that the holographic three-dimensional light field is transmitted out of the optical waveguide in the second direction, and the user receives the second direction in the user's eyes. After the holographic three-dimensional light field, a holographic three-dimensional image corresponding to the holographic three-dimensional light field is seen.
  • the zero-order light in the holographic three-dimensional light field is focused by the first grating at the separation hole, wherein the separation hole is disposed in the second grating;
  • the focused zero-order light is absorbed by the separation hole, or the focused zero-order light is propagated in the third direction, and the third direction is different from the second direction.
  • the holographic three-dimensional image when the holographic three-dimensional image is located within a focal length of the second grating, the holographic three-dimensional image is enlargedly displayed by the second grating, wherein the second grating has a lens function.
  • the first grating transmits the holographic three-dimensional light field through the first grating and deflects the holographic three-dimensional light field;
  • the optical waveguide is disposed between the first grating and the spatial light modulator, the holographic three-dimensional light field emitted by the spatial light modulator is reflected by the first grating;
  • the second grating transmits the holographic three-dimensional light field through the second grating and deflects the holographic three-dimensional light field;
  • the optical waveguide is disposed between the spatial light modulator and the second grating, the holographic three-dimensional light field is reflected by the second grating.

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  • Signal Processing (AREA)

Abstract

一种信息显示设备及信息显示方法，用以实现同时正确显示双眼视差及对焦信息的三维显示的图像。信息显示设备（100）包括：空间光调制器（101），用于向第一光栅（102）发射全息三维光场，全息三维光场对应至少两个焦平面；第一光栅（102）用于对空间光调制器（101）发射的全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使全息三维光场沿第一方向传播传入光波导（103）中；光波导（103）用于接收由第一光栅（102）传入的全息三维光场，在光波导（103）中传播全息三维光场；第二光栅（102）用于对在光波导（103）中传播的全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使全息三维光场沿第二方向传出光波导（103），并使用户在用户的眼睛接收到沿第二方向传出的全息三维光场后看到全息三维光场对应的全息三维图像（105）。

Description

一种信息显示设备及信息显示方法
本申请要求在2017年2月28日提交中国专利局、申请号为201710114900.2、发明名称为“一种信息显示设备及信息显示方法”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及信息显示技术领域，尤其涉及一种信息显示设备及信息显示方法。
背景技术
增强现实(Augmented Reality，AR)技术是一种将真实世界信息和虚拟世界信息无缝集成的技术，是通过传感、计算和图形等科学技术将虚拟世界的信息应用到真实世界。
目前市场上出现了种类繁多的AR眼镜产品，这些产品的共同特点就是将虚拟的影像映射到一个固定的焦平面上，使用户能够看到该焦平面上的影像，并且通过视差对左右眼显示不同的图像，从而生成三维的显示效果。
一种常见的AR显示设备应用的方案为衍射光栅的光波导方案，简要来说，其工作原理是，来自像源的光，经过准直透镜后变成平行光，平行光照射至耦合入口处的衍射光栅被衍射，被衍射的光进入光波导，并在光波导中进行全反射传输，在耦合出口处的衍射光栅被衍射出去，被衍射出去的光为平行光，平行光进入人眼。对于人眼来说，平行光相当于是来自无穷远处的光源发出的光线。因此，这种类型的产品通常会将焦平面设在光学意义的无穷远处。
但是，在传统的AR显示设备上，用户想要看清楚虚拟物体必须将眼睛对焦在固定的焦平面上，由于眼球晶状体长时间固定，长时间使用会对视力造成伤害。另外，当所渲染的虚拟物体在空间里面移动，用户视线汇聚在虚拟物体上，而人眼对焦在固定的焦平面上，这就造成了视线汇聚信息与眼球对焦信息不一致，也就是“辐辏冲突”的问题，长时间使用会给人眼带来不适感。另外，由于焦平面设在光学意义的无穷远处，即人眼对焦的位置为光学意义的无穷远处，当所渲染的虚拟物体需要叠加在离人眼较近的真实物体上时，由于人眼需要对焦在近处的真实物体上，就无法同时对焦于位于光学意义上无穷远处的焦平面上，这就使得用户无法同时看清真实的物体以及叠加其上的虚拟物体。
发明内容
本申请实施例提供一种信息显示设备及信息显示方法，用以解决信息显示设备在显示三维图像时焦平面唯一且固定的问题。
本申请实施例提供的具体技术方案如下：
第一方面，提供一种信息显示设备，通过空间光调制器生成全息三维图像，该全息三维图像经过如光栅的光栅耦合进入光波导，在光波导中传播，再经过光栅耦合射出，进入人眼，从而使得人眼能够看到真三维显示的图像，真三维显示的图像即能够同时正确显示双眼视差及对焦信息的三维显示的图像。
在一个可能的设计中，信息显示设备包括空间光调制器、第一光栅、第二光栅和光波导，其中：所述空间光调制器，用于向所述第一光栅发射全息三维光场，所述全息三维光场对应至少两个焦平面；所述第一光栅，用于对所述空间光调制器发射的所述全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使所述全息三维光场沿第一方向传播传入所述光波导中；所述光波导，用于接收由所述第一光栅传入的所述全息三维光场，在所述光波导中传播所述全息三维光场，向所述第二光栅传播所述全息三维光场；所述第二光栅，用于对在所述光波导中传播的所述全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使所述全息三维光场沿第二方向传出所述光波导，并使用户在所述用户的眼睛接收到沿所述第二方向传出的所述全息三维光场后看到所述全息三维光场对应的全息三维图像。这样，避免了传统信息显示设备将焦平面固定在一个平面上使得人眼视线汇聚点与眼球对焦点不相同的问题，使得人眼能够看到真三维显示，且人眼能够同时接收实景图像和全息三维图像，产生具有真三维显示功能的增强现实效果。
在一个可能的设计中，信息显示设备还包括分离孔，所述分离孔设置在所述第二光栅中，所述第一光栅还具有透镜功能，还用于将所述全息三维光场聚焦，其中，所述第一光栅用于将所述全息三维光场中的零级光聚焦在所述分离孔处；所述分离孔，用于吸收聚焦后的所述零级光，或者将聚焦后的所述零级光沿第三方向传播，所述第三方向与所述第二方向不同。这样，能够消除零级光对全息三维图像显示效果的干扰，使得最终显示的全息三维图像更清晰，对比度更高，有更好的显示效果。
在一个可能的设计中，所述第二光栅还具有透镜功能，还用于当所述全息三维图像位于所述第二透镜的一倍焦距以内时，对所述全息三维图像进行放大显示。这样，能够放大显示的视场。
在一个可能的设计中，所述第一光栅设置在所述空间光调制器和所述光波导之间，所述第一光栅令所述全息三维光场透射通过所述第一光栅并对所述全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，所述光波导设置在所述第一光栅和所述空间光调制器之间，所述第一光栅对所述全息三维光场进行反射；所述第二光栅设置在所述空间光调制器和所述光波导之间，所述第二光栅令所述全息三维光场透射通过所述第二光栅并对所述全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，所述第二光栅设置在所述空间光调制器和所述第二光栅之间，所述第二光栅对所述全息三维光场进行反射。这样，扩展了信息显示设备的结构类型，使得信息显示设备的结构设计更加灵活，方便。
在一个可能的设计中，所述第二光栅具有高透明度，这样，使得人眼可以同时接收实景图像和全息三维图像，从而显示具有真三维显示功能的增强现实效果。
第二方面，一种信息显示方法，通过空间光调制器向第一光栅发射全息三维光场，所述全息三维光场对应至少两个焦平面；通过第一光栅对所述空间光调制器发射的所述全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使所述全息三维光场沿第一方向传播传入所述光波导中；通过光波导接收由所述第一光栅传入的所述全息三维光场，在所述光波导中传播所述全息三维光场，向所述第二光栅传播所述全息三维光场；通过第二光栅对在所述光波导中传播的所述全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使所述全息三维光场沿第二方向传出所述光波导，并使用户在所述用户的眼睛接收到沿所述第二方向传出的所述全息三维光场后看到所述全息三维光场对应的全息三维图像。这样，避免了传统信息显示设备将焦平面固定在一个平面上使得人眼视线汇聚点与眼球对焦点不相同的问题，使得人眼能够看到真三维显示，且人眼能够同时接收实景图像和全息三维图像，产生具有真三维显示功能的增强现实效果。
在一个可能的设计中，通过所述第一光栅将所述全息三维光场中的零级光聚焦在分离孔处，其中，所述分离孔设置在所述第二光栅中；通过所述分离孔吸收聚焦后的所述零级光，或者将聚焦后的所述零级光沿第三方向传播，所述第三方向与所述第二方向不同。这样，能够消除零级光对全息三维图像显示效果的干扰，使得最终显示的全息三维图像更清晰，对比度更高，有更好的显示效果。
在一个可能的设计中，当所述全息三维图像位于第二光栅的一倍焦距以内时，通过所述第二光栅对所述全息三维图像进行放大显示，其中，所述第二光栅具有透镜功能。这样，能够放大显示的视场。
在一个可能的设计中，若所述第一光栅设置在所述空间光调制器和所述光波导之间，则所述第一光栅令所述全息三维光场透射通过所述第一光栅并对所述全息三维光场进行偏转；若所述光波导设置在所述第一光栅和所述空间光调制器之间，则通过所述第一光栅对所述空间光调制器射出的所述全息三维光场进行反射；若所述第二光栅设置在所述空间光调制器和所述光波导之间，则所述第二光栅令所述全息三维光场透射通过所述第二光栅并对所述全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，若所述光波导设置在所述空间光调制器和所述第二光栅之间，则通过所述第二光栅对所述全息三维光场进行反射。这样，扩展了信息显示设备的结构类型，使得信息显示设备的结构设计更加灵活，方便。
第三方面，提供一种头戴式增强现实设备，包括如上述第一方面和第一方面任一种可能的设计中所述的信息显示设备。
附图说明
图1为本申请实施例中信息显示设备架构示意图；
图2为本申请实施例中信息显示设备结构示意图之一；
图3为本申请实施例中信息显示设备结构示意图之二；
图4为本申请实施例中信息显示设备结构示意图之三；
图5为本申请实施例中信息显示设备中零级光过滤原理示意图；
图6为本申请实施例中信息显示设备中放大显示视场示意图；
图7为本申请实施例中信息显示方法的流程示意图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合附图，对本申请实施例进行详细描述。
本申请实施例提供一种基于全息光学元件的信息显示设备，通过空间光调制器生成全息三维图像，该全息三维图像经过如光栅的光栅耦合进入光波导，在光波导中传播，再经过光栅耦合射出，进入人眼，从而使得人眼能够看到真三维显示的图像，真三维显示的图像即能够同时正确显示双眼视差及对焦信息的三维显示的图像。这样，避免了传统信息显示设备将焦平面固定在一个平面上使得人眼视线汇聚点与眼球对焦点不相同的问题，使得人眼能够看到真三维显示，且人眼能够同时接收实景图像和全息三维图像，产生具有真三维显示功能的增强现实效果。
本申请实施例的信息显示设备可以是AR眼镜。图1为一种可能的架构图，信息显示设备100包括空间光调制器101、第一光栅102、第二光栅102和光波导103。
其中，空间光调制器101例如可以是液晶覆硅(Liquid Crystal On Silicon，LCoS)，或者称为硅基液晶或单晶硅反射式液晶；又例如可以是微机电系统(Micro electromechanical Systems，MEMS)；或者可以是液晶屏等显示设备。
光栅102(包括第一光栅102和第二光栅102)可以是一种耦合光栅，例如，全息薄膜。光栅102可以对光线的传播方向进行偏转，其中，光线可以透射通过光栅102，光栅102也可以对光线进行反射。第一光栅102和第二光栅102在材质和作用上是相同的，只是在信息显示设备中的位置不同，从而在不同位置产生对光线不同作用的偏转。
从结构上来看，如图2所示，信息显示设备100可以包括以下几种结构：
光波导103设置在空间光调制器101和第一光栅102和之间，且光波导103设置在空间光调制器101和第二光栅102和之间；
或者，第一光栅102和第二光栅102均设置在空间光调制器101和光波导103之间；
或者，光波导103设置在空间光调制器101和第一光栅102和之间，且第二光栅102设置在空间光调制器101和光波导103之间；
或者，光波导103设置在空间光调制器101和第二光栅102和之间，且第一光栅102设置在空间光调制器101和光波导103之间。
当光波导103设置在光调制器101和光栅102之间时，光栅102对光线起到反射作用；当光栅102设置在光调制器101和光波导103之间时，光栅102令光线透射通过光栅102并对光线的传播方向起到偏转的作用。
光波导103是一种可以传播光线的介质，利用光的全反射可以将光线传播下去。
基于图1所示的信息显示设备的架构图，下面对信息显示设备进行详细介绍。
空间光调制器101，用于向第一光栅102发射全息三维光场。
具体地，空间光调制器101加载全息显示数据，利用光源将全息显示数据生成全息三维光场，并向第一光栅102发射所生成的全息三维光场。其中，全息三维光场对应至少两个焦平面，射入人眼的全息三维光场通过该至少两个焦平面能够显示出全息三维图像。
具体地，全息显示数据可以离线完成，或者可以由转换模块将三维数据信息转换成全息显示数据。全息显示数据被推送至空间光调制器101后，空间光调制器101被激光等光源照射，以生成全息三维光场。
第一光栅102，用于对空间光调制器发射的全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使全息三维光场沿第一方向传播传入光波导中；
光波导103，用于接收由第一光栅传入的全息三维光场，在光波导103中传播全息三维光场。
第二光栅102，用于对在光波导103中传播的全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使全息三维光场沿第二方向传出光波导103，并使用户在用户的眼睛接收到沿第二方向传出的全息三维光场后看到全息三维光场对应的全息三维图像。
这样，通过包括空间光调制器101和光栅102、光波导103等全息光学元件，可以将全息三维光场传至人眼中，在人眼中显示全息三维图像。
如图2和图3以及上述可能的光栅102的放置方式，本申请实施例中，光栅102的不同放置方式对应不同的作用。具体地，第一光栅102置于空间光调制器101和光波导103之间时，第一光栅102令空间光调制器101发射的全息三维光场透射通过第一光栅102并对全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，光波导103设置在第一光栅102和空间光调制器101之 间，第一光栅102对空间光调制器101发射的全息三维光场进行反射；
第二光栅102置于空间光调制器101和光波导103之间时，第二光栅102令在光波导103中传播的全息三维光场透射通过第二光栅102并对全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，光波导103设置在空间光调制器101和第二光栅102之间，第二光栅102对在光波导103中传播的全息三维光场进行反射。
实际应用中，全息三维光场中包含准直的零级光和宽带的三维物光。三维物光经过光波导103传播和光栅102偏转至人眼参与成像，生成全息三维图像。而零级光并不参与成像，若传入人眼，在全息三维图像上显示为白色光斑，最终导致全息三维图像的对比度和亮度降低，影响全息三维图像的呈现效果。本申请实施例中通过将零级光滤出，消除了零级光对最终呈现效果的干扰。
具体地，以图2所示的架构基础为例，如图4所示，信息显示设备还包括和分离孔104，第一光栅102还具有透镜功能。具体地，第一光栅102可以是一种集成透镜功能的耦合光栅。例如，第一光栅102为一种全息薄膜，并在全息薄膜中均匀地记录着薄透镜，薄透镜可以是菲涅尔透镜，能够对光线起到会聚的作用，使光线会聚在后焦平面上。第一光栅102也可以是耦合光栅和透镜光栅的组合，耦合光栅对光线起偏转作用，透镜光栅具有对光线会聚的功能。分离孔104设置在第二光栅102中，具体地，分离孔104可以是在第二光栅102中未设置光栅的区域，能够使得射至此区域的光线沿偏离光栅反射的原反射方向的其他方向进行偏转，可选的，使的光线继续在光波导103中传播，直至在光波导103的侧面传出；或者，分离孔104还可以是一种高吸收薄膜，对光线具有高吸收的作用，能够将射至此区域的光线完全吸收或者大部分吸收。
图4中实线即表示三维物光，从空间光调制器101射出的三维物光传播至光波导103，被第一光栅102反射后，沿第一方向传播传入光波导103中，在光波导103中发生全反射，从而在光波导103中传播，直至被第二光栅102反射，沿第二方向传播传出光波导103，传入人眼，使用户在用户的眼睛接收到沿第二方向传出的全息三维光场后看到全息三维光场对应的全息三维图像。对于实景光场而言，第二光栅102基本透明，因此，人眼可以同时接收实景图像和全息三维图像，从而显示具有真三维显示功能的增强现实效果。
而虚线所示的光线即表示零级光的光线，零级光的光线经过第一光栅102，被第一光栅102会聚，分离孔104设置在第一光栅102的后焦平面上，使零级光的光线被第一光栅102聚焦在分离孔104，分离孔104吸收聚焦后的零级光，或者将聚焦后的零级光沿第三方向传播，第三方向与第二方向不同。这样，零级光不会被第二光栅102偏转传入人眼。
为了更方便示出零级光的过滤过程，如图5所示，显示了一束零级光的光线在经过第一光栅102后，发生反射偏转，在光波导103中经过多次全反射后，被分离孔104聚焦在焦平面上，即聚焦在第二光栅102中的分离孔104处，聚焦后的零级光被分离孔104全部或大部分吸收，或者，聚焦后的零级光被分离孔104按照偏离原反射方向的其他方向偏转。
由于三维物光照射在第二光栅102中有光栅的区域，被偏转传入人眼，而零级光被聚焦在第二光栅102中分离孔104处，不会被偏转传入人眼，从而实现了零级光和三维物光的分离，消除零级噪声。
为了放大显示视场(Field of View，FoV)，如图6所示，第二光栅102也具有透镜功能，其集成透镜功能的方法与第一光栅102集成透镜的方法相同，在此不再赘述。第二光栅102具有对位于一倍焦距内的物体呈现放大的作用。当全息三维图像105位于第二光栅 102的一倍焦距以内时，第二光栅102对全息三维图像105进行放大显示。
第一光栅102和第二光栅102集成透镜功能，在不明显增大设备体积的情况下，不仅能够消除零级噪声，还能够对真三维显示的FoV进行放大。
基于同一发明构思，如图7所示，本申请实施例还提供了一种信息显示方法，该方法应用于上述信息显示设备100。该方法具体如下：
步骤701、通过空间光调制器向第一光栅发射全息三维光场，全息三维光场对应至少两个焦平面；
步骤702、通过第一光栅对空间光调制器发射的全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使全息三维光场沿第一方向传播传入光波导中。
步骤703、通过光波导接收由第一光栅传入的全息三维光场，在光波导中传播全息三维光场。
步骤704、通过第二光栅对在光波导中传播的全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使全息三维光场沿第二方向传出光波导，并使用户在用户的眼睛接收到沿第二方向传出的全息三维光场后看到全息三维光场对应的全息三维图像。
可选的，通过第一光栅将全息三维光场中的零级光聚焦在分离孔处，其中，分离孔设置在第二光栅中；
通过分离孔吸收聚焦后的零级光，或者将聚焦后的零级光沿第三方向传播，第三方向与第二方向不同。
可选的，当全息三维图像位于第二光栅的一倍焦距以内时，通过第二光栅对全息三维图像进行放大显示，其中，第二光栅具有透镜功能。
可选的，若第一光栅设置在空间光调制器和光波导之间，则第一光栅令全息三维光场透射通过第一光栅并对全息三维光场进行偏转；
若光波导设置在第一光栅和空间光调制器之间，则通过第一光栅对空间光调制器射出的全息三维光场进行反射；
若第二光栅设置在空间光调制器和光波导之间，则第二光栅令全息三维光场透射通过第二光栅并对全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，
若光波导设置在空间光调制器和第二光栅之间，则通过第二光栅对全息三维光场进行反射。
尽管已描述了本申请的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本申请范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本申请实施例进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本申请实施例的精神和范围。这样，倘若本申请实施例的这些修改和变型属于本申请权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本申请也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (8)

  1. 一种信息显示设备，其特征在于，所述信息显示设备包括空间光调制器、第一光栅、第二光栅和光波导，其中：
    所述空间光调制器，用于向所述第一光栅发射全息三维光场，所述全息三维光场对应至少两个焦平面；
    所述第一光栅，用于对来自所述空间光调制器的全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使偏转后的全息三维光场传入所述光波导中；
    所述光波导，用于传播传入的全息三维光场；
    所述第二光栅，用于对在所述光波导中传播的全息三维光场中的三维物光进行偏转，从而使三维物光传出所述光波导；
    所述信息显示设备还包括分离孔，所述分离孔设置在所述第二光栅中；
    所述第一光栅还用于将来自所述空间光调制器的全息三维光场中的零级光向所述分离孔聚焦；
    所述分离孔，用于吸收聚焦后的零级光，或者将聚焦后的零级光在所述光波导中以全反射方式进行传播。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的信息显示设备，其特征在于，所述第二光栅还用于当所述全息三维图像位于所述第二光栅的一倍焦距以内时，对所述全息三维图像进行放大显示。
  3. 如权利要求1或2所述的信息显示设备，其特征在于，所述第一光栅设置在所述空间光调制器和所述光波导之间，所述第一光栅对来自所述空间光调制器的全息三维光场进行偏转，包括：所述第一光栅令所述全息三维光场透射通过所述第一光栅并对所述全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，
    所述光波导设置在所述第一光栅和所述空间光调制器之间，所述第一光栅对来自所述空间光调制器的全息三维光场进行偏转，包括：所述第一光栅对所述全息三维光场进行反射。
  4. 如权利要求1～3任一项所述的信息显示设备，其特征在于，所述第二光栅设置在所述空间光调制器和所述光波导之间，所述第二光栅对在所述光波导中传播的全息三维光场进行偏转，包括：所述第二光栅令所述全息三维光场透射通过所述第二光栅并对所述全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，
    所述光波导设置在所述空间光调制器和所述第二光栅之间，所述第二光栅对在所述光波导中传播的全息三维光场进行偏转，包括：所述第二光栅对所述全息三维光场进行反射。
  5. 一种信息显示方法，其特征在于，包括：
    通过空间光调制器向第一光栅发射全息三维光场，所述全息三维光场对应至少两个焦平面；
    通过第一光栅对来自所述空间光调制器的全息三维光场进行偏转，从而使偏转后的全息三维光场传入所述光波导中；
    通过光波导传播传入的全息三维光场；
    通过第二光栅对在所述光波导中传播的全息三维光场中的三维物光进行偏转，从而使三维物光传出所述光波导；
    所述通过第一光栅对来自所述空间光调制器的全息三维光场进行偏转，包括：
    通过所述第一光栅将来自所述空间光调制器的全息三维光场中的零级光向分离孔聚焦，其中，所述分离孔设置在所述第二光栅中；
    所述方法还包括：
    通过所述分离孔吸收聚焦后的零级光，或者将聚焦后的零级光在所述光波导中以全反射方式进行传播。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的方法，其特征在于，当所述全息三维图像位于第二光栅的一倍焦距以内时，所述第二光栅还用于对所述全息三维图像进行放大显示。
  7. 如权利要求5或6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一光栅设置在所述空间光调制器和所述光波导之间，所述通过第一光栅对来自所述空间光调制器的全息三维光场进行偏转，包括：所述第一光栅令所述全息三维光场透射通过所述第一光栅并对所述全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，
    所述光波导设置在所述第一光栅和所述空间光调制器之间，所述通过第一光栅对来自所述空间光调制器的全息三维光场进行偏转，包括：通过所述第一光栅对所述空间光调制器射出的所述全息三维光场进行反射。
  8. 如权利要求5～7任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第二光栅设置在所述空间光调制器和所述光波导之间，所述通过所述第二光栅对在所述光波导中传播的全息三维光场进行偏转，包括：所述第二光栅令所述全息三维光场透射通过所述第二光栅并对所述全息三维光场进行偏转；或者，
    所述光波导设置在所述空间光调制器和所述第二光栅之间，所述通过第二光栅对在所述光波导中传播的全息三维光场进行偏转，包括：通过所述第二光栅对所述全息三维光场进行反射。
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