WO2018145557A1 - 一种河流历史形态数字复原方法 - Google Patents
一种河流历史形态数字复原方法 Download PDFInfo
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- the invention relates to the field of river geomorphology, and in particular relates to a digital restoration method for river historical forms.
- the alluvial fan can only be formed in a large-scale rupture prescription; the traditional method of the ancient river survey is to use remote sensing to interpret the ruins of the curve, and the investigation of the sedimentary layer has been Failed to explore in depth.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a digital restoration method for river historical forms. Based on the principle of section molding and the stratification of sediment age, the photoluminescence dating technique is introduced into the historical evolution data of the river to solve the vertical direction of the sediment. The problem of delamination avoidance and digital restoration of section morphology during the acquisition process.
- a digital restoration method for historical patterns of rivers Firstly, based on the principle of river section modeling, the alluvial river sections to be restored are divided into several sections, and a plurality of vertical lines are selected according to a certain distribution on each section for vertical drilling of sediments. The hole is sampled to obtain a sedimentary column; then, based on the principle of river sedimentation process, the drilled sedimentary column is divided into multiple sedimentary layers, and the sediment photoluminescence dating technique is introduced to measure the age of each sedimentary layer; The three-dimensional coordinates of the sedimentary layer are digitized and graphically processed (line drawing), and the digital restoration of the historical section shape of the river can be completed; the historical shape restoration is performed one by one, and the historical form digital restoration of the entire river section is realized after integration.
- the whole idea has a whole-section-integration, space-age-space process. The specific steps are as follows:
- the respective deposition layers of the sample column are sawed together with the sampling tube, and the sediment layer samples are sealed with a sealing plug, and then numbered and then subjected to photoluminescence dating in the laboratory;
- the historical shape restoration of the entire river section can be formed.
- the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertical sedimentary layers in the same epoch are plotted in the drawing software, and the DEM of the historical river section can be formed.
- the digital restoration method of river historical form provided by the invention supplements the technical details about the river terrace and the ancient river channel investigation in the "Regulations for Surveying and Surveying Rivers (SL383-2007)", and can solve the problem of obtaining historical data of rivers,
- the analysis of historical evolution has direct help and is conducive to exploring the historical changes of river runoff and sediment transport.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the restoration of a historical section of a river in an embodiment of the present invention
- Figure 2 is a layout diagram of the sampling section of the Qiqian section of the Minjiang River;
- Figure 3 is a recovery diagram of the 1# section history.
- the reference elevation is 3512m and 85 Yellow Sea elevation.
- the invention is based on the principle of river section molding (see “Migrant Model Test Procedure (SL99-2012)", the river is divided into a plurality of sections, and 7-15 vertical lines are set on each section for vertical sampling of sediments, and the measurement is carried out. The age of each sediment sample determines the historical shape of the river.
- the theories covered by the present invention are:
- Photoluminescence dating technology is a dating method based on the cumulative effect of natural radiation. It measures the detrital quartz or feldspar in the sediment from the last handling. The burial time since the light has the advantage that the signal is easier to return to zero than the traditional thermoluminescence, and the dating range is longer than the tree wheel dating and 14C dating, and it is easier to measure the annual material or the measurable marker. Obtained, only the sample must be protected from light during the sampling process, and other restrictions are relatively simple.
- the radiocarbon (14C) dating was a common method for sediment dating within 300-50,000 years.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a digital restoration method for a river historical form, including the following steps:
- this example takes the Qianjiang section of the Minjiang River as an example.
- the river section is taken every 500 meters, and the river section is divided into 8 sections along the current.
- the respective deposition layers of the sample column are sawed together with the sampling tube, and the sediment layer samples are sealed with a sealing plug, and then numbered and then subjected to photoluminescence dating in the laboratory;
- the historical shape restoration of the whole river section can be formed.
- the three-dimensional coordinates of the vertical sedimentary layers in the same epoch are plotted in the drawing software, and the DEM of the historical river section can be formed.
- the Qiuhe section of the Minjiang River develops into a typical alluvial river.
- the river channel is shallow and shallow, and the lower part is the Xiakou water. Therefore, the geomorphic process is mainly sedimentary.
- the test section is laid at 500m interval in the alluvial section for sediment drilling.
- Figure 2 The section end points are shown in Table 1 (the coordinate system is the WGS84 coordinate system).
- the sedimentary layer dating of the No. 1 section was measured by the current photoluminescence technique, and the river section morphology of the five typical eras of the Holocene was recovered, as shown in Figure 3. It is 270aBP, 960aBP, 1500aBP, 5kaBP, 7kaBP, which can roughly correspond to climate change nodes such as the Holocene modern warm period, the small ice age, the medieval warm period, the dry and cold boundary, and the heyday of the big warm period.
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Abstract
一种河流历史形态数字复原方法,在选取冲积河流、阶地发育完整的河段的基础上,选择拟恢复河段的代表性横断面,进行沉积物柱状样品钻取,并沉积物物理性状进行分层,记录各层的三维空间坐标,然后进行各沉积层的年代测定,最后将同一断面上不同沉积柱中相同年代沉积层的三维空间坐标在通用绘图软件中进行连线,所得断面形态即为该年代下的河流断面形态,依次将各年代的坐标进行联系,即完成了整个断面各个历史年代的形态恢复,多个断面恢复后即可形成整个河段的历史形态复原。所述方法将地质学年代测量技术与河流动力学断面制模原理相交叉,可适用于大部分冲积性河流历史形态复原,对研究河流地貌演化过程有重要的实用价值。
Description
本发明涉及河流地貌学领域,具体涉及一种河流历史形态数字复原方法。
河流历史演变是了解河流地貌动力过程的关键问题,也是掌握河流大尺度演变规律的基础。不同于河流的近期演变分析,有着较充分的实测资料,河流历史演变通常是缺乏可靠资料和数据的。根据《河道演变勘测调查规范(SL383-2007)》,长期以来,对河流历史演变资料的获取主要从河流历史考证、区域构造背景调查、古河道调查和决口冲积扇调查等方面进行,其中河流历史考证依赖于历史文献;区域构造背景调查则主要针对的是数以百万年计的地质年代,很多已超出了河流的形成年代(如长江中游荆江的稳定河势自秦汉以来才逐渐形成,此前为云梦泽河网);决口冲积扇只能在有规模较大的决口处方能明显形成;而古河道调查的传统手段则是以遥感解译弯道遗迹进行,对于沉积层取样调查则一直未能深入探索。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种河流历史形态数字复原方法,在断面制模原理和沉积物年代分层的基础上,将光释光测年技术引入河流历史演变资料的获取,解决沉积物垂向采集过程中避光分层问题和断面形态数字复原问题。
本发明采用的技术方案如下:
一种河流历史形态数字复原方法,首先基于河流断面制模原理,将拟恢复的冲积河段划分为多个断面,并在各断面上按照一定的分布选取多个垂线进行沉积物垂向钻孔取样得到沉积柱;然后基于河流沉积过程原理,将钻取的沉积柱划分为多个沉积层,并引入沉积物光释光测年技术,对各沉积层进行年代测定;最后将同一年代的沉积层所 在三维坐标进行数字化和图形化处理(连线绘图),即可完成河流历史断面形态的数字复原;逐个断面进行历史形态复原,集成后即为整个河段的历史形态数字复原。整个思路中有整体-断面-集成、空间-年代-空间的过程,具体步骤如下:
(1)在需要进行河流历史演变分析的冲积河段,按每隔500米至1000米取一个河道断面,将河段沿水流走向划分为多个横断面;
(2)在拟恢复的河道断面上按照河流阶地、河漫滩、河道主槽、河道深泓等部位共选择7-15个垂线,并通过GPS定位装置和全站仪,记录各个垂线顶点的三维坐标;
(3)在同一垂线同时垂直钻取两个沉积柱,其中一个沉积柱为比对柱,另一个沉积柱为样品柱,深度均要求直至基岩,沉积柱直径一般为10-20cm;
(4)首先将比对柱打开,按照沉积物物理性状(如沉积物颜色、颗粒粗细、孔隙大小等)比对柱分为多个沉积层,记录各沉积层上顶点的三维坐标和相对位置,并在一般通用绘图软件上绘制断面上各垂线沉积柱沉积层位置、厚度,制成有坐标的地层剖面图;
(5)按照比对柱各个沉积层的相对位置,将样品柱各个沉积层连同采样管一起锯开,用封管塞密封各沉积层样品,编号后到实验室进行光释光测年;
(6)将同一断面不同垂线处取得的沉积柱各沉积层年代均测定完毕后,在地层剖面图上将同一年代的沉积层顶点相连,所形成的剖线即为该年代下的河流断面,依次将各年代的坐标进行联系,即完成了整个断面各个历史年代的形态复原;
(7)将多个断面复原后即可形成整个河段的历史形态复原,将同一年代下各垂线沉积层顶点三维坐标在绘图软件中进行连线绘图,则可形成历史河段的DEM,可供河道历史演化过程的全息展示。
本发明提供的河流历史形态数字复原方法,补充了《河道演变勘测调查规范(SL383-2007)》中关于河流阶地和古河道调查方面的技术细节,可解决河流历史演变资料获取的难题,对河流历史演变分析有 直接帮助,并有利于探索河流历史径流和泥沙输移变化规律。
图1为本发明实施例中河流历史断面形态复原示意图;
图2为澜沧江囊谦河段取样断面布置图;
图3为1#断面历史形态复原图,图中基准高程为3512m,85黄海高程。
本发明依据河流断面制模原理(参见《河工模型试验规程(SL99-2012)》,将河流分成多个断面,在每个断面上设置7-15个垂线进行沉积物垂向取样,通过测定各沉积物样品的年代,判断河流的历史形态。除河流断面制模原理外,本发明还涉及的理论有:
(1)冲积河流沉积物分层现象,冲积河流往往在上游泥沙不断搬运前来的过程中会沉积一部分泥沙在河床中,而不同年代不同的水力条件将带来物理性状不同的沉积物层,其表观差异会表现在颗粒大小、孔隙率甚至颜色等方面,每一个沉积层就是特殊水文事件的年代记录;
(2)光释光测年技术:光释光测年技术是一种基于自然辐射的累积效应而建立的测年方法,其测量的是沉积物中碎屑石英或长石自最后一次搬运见光以来的埋藏时间,其优势是与传统热释光相比信号更易回零、与树轮测年、14C测年相比测年范围更长,并且测年材料或年代可测标志物更容易获得,对样品仅要求采样过程中必须避光,其他限制比较简单。此前,放射性碳(14C)测年是300-50000年以内沉积物测年的常用方法,与释光测年相比,其缺点是较难获得合适的测年材料(碳屑、植物残体、泥炭等),并且可能存在有机质原地性等问题。因此,伴随着考古以及地貌学的发展,光释光测年成为了沉积物年代测定方面应用最广泛的手段。
本发明实施例提供一种河流历史形态数字复原方法,包括如下步骤:
(1)在需要进行河流历史演变分析的冲积河段,本实施例以澜 沧江囊谦河段为例进行说明,按每隔500米左右取一个河道断面,将河段沿水流走向划分为8个横断面;
(2)由于河段较窄,在拟恢复的河道断面上按照河流阶地、河漫滩、河道主槽、河道深泓等部位共选择7个垂线,并通过GPS定位装置和全站仪,记录各个垂线顶点的三维坐标;
(3)在同一垂线同时垂直钻取两个沉积柱,其中一个沉积柱为比对柱,另一个沉积柱为样品柱,深度均要求直至基岩,沉积柱直径为10cm;
(4)首先将比对柱打开,按照沉积物物理性状(如沉积物颜色、颗粒粗细、孔隙大小等)比对柱分为多个沉积层,记录各沉积层上顶点的三维坐标和相对位置,并在一般通用绘图软件上绘制断面上各垂线沉积柱沉积层位置、厚度,制成有坐标的地层剖面图;
(5)按照比对柱各个沉积层的相对位置,将样品柱各个沉积层连同采样管一起锯开,用封管塞密封各沉积层样品,编号后到实验室进行光释光测年;
(6)将同一断面不同垂线处取得的沉积柱各沉积层年代均测定完毕后,在地层剖面图上将同一年代的沉积层顶点相连,所形成的剖线即为该年代下的河流断面,依次将各年代的坐标进行联系,即完成了整个断面各个历史年代的形态复原,如图1所示。
(7)将多个断面恢复后即可形成整个河段的历史形态复原,将同一年代下各垂线沉积层顶点三维坐标在绘图软件中进行连线绘图,则可形成历史河段的DEM,可供河道历史演化过程的全息展示。
验证:
澜沧江囊谦河段发育为典型的冲积河流,河道宽浅,且其下为峡口壅水,因此其地貌过程以沉积为主,在该冲积河段中间隔500m布设测验断面进行沉积物钻孔测年,具体河道位置和断面布置见图2,断面端点见表1(坐标系为WGS84坐标系)。
通过钻取澜沧江囊谦河段沉积物,以现行光释光技术对其中1号断面进行沉积层测年,复原得出了全新世5个典型年代的河流断面形 态,如图3所示,分别为270aBP,960aBP,1500aBP,5kaBP,7kaBP,可大致对应全新世现代暖期、小冰期、中世纪暖期、干冷界限、大暖期鼎盛时期等气候变化节点。这与河流沉积学原理是一致的,即每次河流沉积物的集中出现都代表着一次或一个时期的典型水文事件,由于全新世以来每次暖期与冰期地球的地表径流及泥沙输移情况差异很大,因此会在典型的气候年代堆积出相应的河流沉积物。同时可以看出:本河段地貌年代属于堆积型过程,沉积物从上至下,年代依次增加,这与河段下游为峡谷河段有关,由于峡谷的壅水作用,使得本河段沉积物不断堆积。因此,此图反映的地貌过程与宏观构造情况以及气候变化均是一致的,可以作为利用该方法进行河流历史形态准确复原的佐证。
表1 澜沧江囊谦河段测验断面控制点坐标
Claims (2)
- 一种河流历史形态数字复原方法,其特征在于:首先基于河流断面制模原理,将拟恢复的冲积河段划分为多个断面,并在各断面上按照一定的分布选取多个垂线进行沉积物垂向钻孔取样得到沉积柱;然后基于河流沉积过程原理,将钻取的沉积柱划分为多个沉积层,并引入沉积物光释光测年技术,对各沉积层进行年代测定;最后将同一年代的沉积层所在三维坐标进行连线绘图,即可完成河流历史断面形态的数字复原;逐个断面进行历史形态复原,集成后即为整个河段的历史形态数字复原。
- 如权利要求1所述的河流历史形态数字复原方法,其特征在于具体步骤如下:(1)在需要进行河流历史演变分析的冲积河段,按每隔500米至1000米取一个河道断面,将河段沿水流走向划分为多个横断面;(2)在拟恢复的河道断面上按照河流阶地、河漫滩、河道主槽、河道深泓部位共选择7-15个垂线,并通过GPS定位装置和全站仪,记录各个垂线顶点的三维坐标;(3)在同一垂线同时垂直钻取两个沉积柱,其中一个沉积柱为比对柱,另一个沉积柱为样品柱,深度均要求直至基岩,沉积柱直径为10-20cm;(4)首先将比对柱打开,按照沉积物物理性状比对柱分为多个沉积层,记录各沉积层上顶点的三维坐标和相对位置,并在一般通用绘图软件上绘制断面上各垂线沉积柱沉积层位置、厚度,制成有坐标的地层剖面图;(5)按照比对柱各个沉积层的相对位置,将样品柱各个沉积层连同采样管一起锯开,用封管塞密封各沉积层样品,编号后到实验室进行光释光测年;(6)将同一断面不同垂线处取得的沉积柱各沉积层年代均测定完毕后,在地层剖面图上将同一年代的沉积层顶点相连,所形成的剖线即为该年代下的河流断面,依次将各年代的坐标进行连线绘图,即 完成整个断面各个历史年代的形态复原;(7)将多个断面恢复后即可形成整个河段的历史形态复原,将同一年代下各垂线沉积层顶点三维坐标在绘图软件中进行连线绘图,则可形成历史河段的DEM,可供河道历史演化过程的全息展示。
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