WO2018143450A1 - Dispositif hydroponique et procédé hydroponique - Google Patents

Dispositif hydroponique et procédé hydroponique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018143450A1
WO2018143450A1 PCT/JP2018/003774 JP2018003774W WO2018143450A1 WO 2018143450 A1 WO2018143450 A1 WO 2018143450A1 JP 2018003774 W JP2018003774 W JP 2018003774W WO 2018143450 A1 WO2018143450 A1 WO 2018143450A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
culture solution
culture
hydroponic cultivation
circulation path
cultivation apparatus
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PCT/JP2018/003774
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
朗 内山田
剛平 森田
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東洋紡株式会社
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Priority to JP2018566150A priority Critical patent/JP7192500B2/ja
Publication of WO2018143450A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018143450A1/fr

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
    • Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hydroponic cultivation apparatus that cultivates a plant by supplying and circulating a culture solution, and a hydroponic cultivation method using the apparatus.
  • This plant factory is a system that systematically produces plants in a closed or semi-closed space where the internal environment is controlled. Specifically, the plants are arranged in a cultivation section such as a cultivation floor, and a culture solution is supplied. The plant is grown and harvested using natural or artificial light as a light source, using hydroponics that supplies nutrients by distributing it near the roots of the plant.
  • the culture solution in hydroponics is generally managed by adjusting the pH value and adjusting the electrical conductivity (hereinafter referred to as “EC”) as an index.
  • EC electrical conductivity
  • the culture solution is reused by, for example, filtering the effluent after the culture solution is supplied to the plant through a filtration membrane (for example, , See Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2).
  • the effluent of the culture solution after being supplied to the plant is sterilized and reused (for example, Patent Documents 3 to 5), and the culture solution is purified and reused using activated carbon. (See, for example, Patent Document 6 and Patent Document 7).
  • plants are cultivated in a state where the internal environment is controlled. Concentration control and pH control are performed for the culture solution using electrical conductivity. Since the plant will fall or the plant will be sick, it will be necessary to periodically replace the culture solution and clean the plant cultivation part, and this culture solution replacement will increase the waste and lose the cultivation period As a result, the cost and time are greatly lost.
  • the present invention has been made by paying attention to the above circumstances, and its purpose is to supply a culture solution and circulate it to cultivate a plant.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a hydroponic cultivation apparatus and a hydroponic cultivation method that can suppress and manage a culture solution easily.
  • the inventors of the present invention are based on the sum of the components excluding the water content of the culture solution.
  • the separation means for discharging components exceeding a certain ratio out of the circulation route of the culture solution can suppress the fluctuation of the ionic component balance in the culture solution and can easily manage the culture solution. It came to be completed.
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention that has solved the above problems is a hydroponic cultivation apparatus that grows plants by supplying and circulating a culture solution, and a cultivation unit in which the plants are cultivated, A culture medium circulation path starting from the cultivation section and returning to the cultivation section, and the culture medium circulation path includes a component excluding moisture in the culture liquid for a part of the culture liquid. It has a feature in that it has separation means for discharging the component exceeding 50% by mass out of the culture medium circulation path with respect to 100% by mass in total.
  • the balance of the ionic components of the circulating broth is restored to be close to conditions suitable for plant growth. I am letting. It is preferable to discharge and supply the culture solution in small amounts, because discharging a large amount of the culture solution at a time and supplying a large amount of new culture solution involve a large production loss and economic loss. It is effective for maintaining the growth of plants to exchange the circulating culture solution and the newly supplied culture solution little by little.
  • the culture medium circulation path includes a first circulation tank located upstream of the cultivation unit, and a second circulation tank located downstream of the cultivation unit and upstream of the separating unit. Preferably it is.
  • the second circulation tank preferably has a microbubble generator that generates microbubbles.
  • the separation means preferably includes a reverse osmosis membrane and / or a nanofiltration membrane.
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus has a culture solution supply means for supplying a culture solution.
  • the culture medium circulation path preferably includes a thermometer, a pH meter, and an electrical conductivity meter.
  • a part of the cultivation part is shielded from light.
  • the hydroponic cultivation method using the hydroponic cultivation apparatus exceeds 50% by mass with respect to a total of 100% by mass of the components excluding water in the culture solution in a culture solution circulation path. It is preferable to include a first step in which the component is discharged out of the culture fluid circulation path and a second step in which a culture fluid is newly supplied to the culture fluid that has undergone the first step.
  • hydroponic cultivation apparatus and hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention it is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the ionic component balance in the culture solution and to easily manage the culture solution.
  • FIG. 1 is an example of a schematic configuration diagram showing a hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 supplies a culture solution 2 and circulates it to cultivate a plant 3, and starts from a cultivating unit 4 where the plant 3 is cultivated and a cultivating unit 4.
  • a culture medium circulation path 5 that returns to the cultivation unit 4.
  • the culture medium circulation path 5 contains, for a part of the culture liquid 2, more than 50 mass% of the components with respect to 100 mass% of the total components excluding moisture in the culture liquid 2.
  • 5 has separation means 6 for discharging outside.
  • the culture solution 2 is a liquid containing a component added as a fertilizer for growing the plant 3, and specifically, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, chlorine, etc. as ions as a large amount of component. include. Moreover, iron, manganese, zinc, copper, molybdenum, sodium, boron, etc. are contained as an ion as a trace component.
  • a culture solution composition suitable for the state of raw water and the stage of plant growth has been devised.In the practice of the present invention, for example, it contains moderately nitrogenous nitrogen and is suitable for fruit vegetables from autumn to spring.
  • OAT House No. 1, OAT House No. 2, OAT House No. 8 (all manufactured by OAT Agrio Co., Ltd.) and the like can be used.
  • the plant 3 that can be cultivated by the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present invention can cultivate various fruit vegetables, leaf vegetables, and flowers according to the formulation of the culture solution 2.
  • OAT Agrio Co., Ltd. can be used as a culture solution formulation. Lettuce can be cultivated when OAT House No. 1, OAT House No. 2, and OAT House No. 8 are used.
  • the cultivation unit 4 is a place where plants are grown by hydroponics.
  • a material called a hydroponic cultivation board having a structure that has buoyancy on the culture solution 2 and can hold seedlings can be used.
  • seedlings are set in a hole formed in a hydroponics growth board and planted, and sunlight or artificial light on a bath filled with the culture solution 2, sometimes at room temperature, carbon dioxide in the air Cultivate by growing for several days to several tens of days in an environment where the gas concentration is adjusted.
  • the culture medium circulation path 5 is a path through which the culture medium 2 that starts from the cultivation section 4 where the plant 3 is grown and returns to the cultivation section 4 circulates. If the cultivation part 4 which is the start point and the cultivation part 4 which is the end point coincide with each other, the route in the middle is not particularly limited.
  • the first circulation which is a buffer for controlling EC and pH in the middle of the route. You may make it provide the tank 7a and distribute
  • a material of the culture solution circulation path 5 for example, a stainless steel pipe can be used, and one having improved durability and corrosivity is used.
  • the separating means 6 will be described in detail below.
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present invention in order to suppress the fluctuation of the ionic component balance in the culture solution 2, attention was paid to changing the ionic component in the culture solution 2 as close to the initial value as possible.
  • the total amount of components excluding moisture in the culture solution 2 is 100% by mass with respect to a part of the culture solution 2.
  • the separation unit 6 is configured to discharge the component exceeding 50 mass% out of the culture medium circulation path 5.
  • the culture fluid 2 has been returned to the culture fluid circulation path 5 as it is, but in the present invention, contrary to the conventional technology, a part of the components excluding moisture in the culture fluid 2 is discarded. (Exhaust) is characterized in that the fluctuation of the ionic component balance in the culture solution 2 is suppressed.
  • main ionic components nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium
  • nitrogen, phosphoric acid, potassium are taken as an example based on FIG. 3 and FIG. This will be described below.
  • FIG. 3 schematically shows the history of the balance of ionic components in the culture medium by conventional EC value measurement.
  • FIG. 4 schematically shows the history of ionic component balance in the culture solution when the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention is used. As shown in FIGS. 4 (a) and 4 (b), the initial state and the state in which the ionic components in the culture solution are consumed are the same as in FIGS. 3 (a) and 3 (c).
  • (Nitrogen: Phosphoric acid: Potassium 0.65: 0.65: 0.65) is performed.
  • route should just exceed 50 mass% with respect to a total of 100 mass% of the components except the water
  • it is preferably 60% by mass, more preferably 75% by mass, further preferably 90% by mass, and most preferably 99% by mass.
  • the components other than the water in the culture solution include, for example, nitrogen, phosphate ions, iron ions, tin ions, zinc ions, boron ions, sodium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, etc., which are the culture components of the culture solution. That is.
  • the separation means of the present invention include a membrane separation method in which separation is performed using a membrane.
  • Membrane separation methods are classified into microfiltration method, ultrafiltration method, ion permeation method, nanofiltration method, reverse osmosis method, and gas separation method in the order of the size of the substance to be separated.
  • Filtration membranes, ultrafiltration membranes, ion permeable membranes, nanofiltration membranes, reverse osmosis membranes, and gas separation membranes are preferable to use a separation membrane having a pore size of 10 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm or less, and even more preferably 2 nm.
  • a nanofiltration membrane that allows moisture, sodium ions, and chloride ions to pass through and blocks the passage of macromolecules such as amino acids and proteins smaller than 2 nm, and more preferably allows only water to pass through.
  • a reverse osmosis membrane Reverse Osmosis Membrane, hereinafter referred to as RO membrane
  • RO membrane reverse Osmosis Membrane
  • a nanofiltration membrane and an RO membrane may be used in combination.
  • the amount of the liquid supplied to the filtration membrane of the separation means is made constant, and the amount of the concentrated liquid generated at the time of filtration is made constant, so that the filtrate is not affected by the temperature fluctuation of the culture solution.
  • a culture solution supply pump is provided in the culture solution circulation path leading to the separation means, and a flow rate is supplied to the filtrate path of the separation means.
  • a filtrate flow rate control means for providing a transmitter, controlling the number of rotations of the culture solution supply pump based on a flow rate signal transmitted from the flow rate transmitter, and making the filtrate flow rate constant, and a concentrate of the separation means
  • a concentrated liquid constant flow valve for making the flow rate of the concentrated liquid constant is provided in the path, interposed between the separation means and the concentrated liquid constant flow valve, and a pressure reducing valve for reducing the pressure of the concentrated liquid, the pressure reducing valve, and the above You may make it the structure provided with the pressure indicator interposed between concentrated liquid constant flow valves.
  • the treatment of the culture solution by the separation means may be performed continuously during the growth of the plant, but is preferably performed intermittently in order to reduce production loss and economic loss.
  • a periodic operation such as operating the separation means may be performed once or more, more preferably twice or more, and even more preferably three times or more per week of the plant growth period.
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present invention By configuring the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present invention as described above, it is possible to suppress the fluctuation of the ionic component balance in the culture solution and easily manage the culture solution.
  • the culture medium circulation path 5 includes a first circulation tank 7 a located upstream of the cultivation unit 4 and a second circulation tank 7 b located downstream of the cultivation unit 4 and upstream of the separating unit 6. It is preferable. That is, the culture medium circulation path 5 preferably includes a first circulation tank 7a that is a buffer for controlling EC and pH, and a second circulation tank 7b that is a buffer for partially treating the culture liquid. Since the culture solution circulation path 5 includes the first circulation tank 7a and the second circulation tank 7b, the operation of the separation means 6 can be freely controlled.
  • FIG. 2 is another example of a schematic configuration diagram showing the hydroponic cultivation apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the culture solution circulation path 5 has two routes: a route through which the culture solution 2 discharged from the cultivation unit 4 passes through the second circulation tank 7 b and a route through which the second circulation tank 7 b does not pass. May be provided.
  • the separation means 6 processed the culture solution 2 stored in the second circulation tank 7b, and was obtained by the separation means 6. It is preferable to supply water to the culture solution circulation path 5 and store the culture solution 2 in the first circulation tank 7a. Since the culture solution circulation path 5 is configured in this way, the amount of drainage discharged from the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 can be reduced.
  • the water obtained by the separation means 6 is preferably supplied to the culture medium circulation path 5 and stored in the first circulation tank 7a. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 2 may be stored in the first circulation tank 7a after being returned to the circulation tank 7b. As shown in FIG. 2, the culture solution 2 is supplied to the path from the second circulation tank 7b to the first circulation tank 7a. You may store in the 1st circulation tank 7a.
  • the second circulation tank 7b preferably has a microbubble generator 11 that generates microbubbles. Since the second circulation tank 7b has the microbubble generating device 11, the allelopathic substance (details will be described later) released from the plant 3 to the culture solution 2 during the growth of the plant 3 in the cultivation unit 4 is microbubbled. The growth of the plant 3 can be prevented from being hindered by the accumulation of allelopathic substances in the culture solution 2 due to the circulation of the culture solution 2.
  • Microbubbles refer to fine bubbles with a bubble diameter of 100 ⁇ m or less. It is considered that the allelopathic substance is erased by microbubbles because radicals are generated when the microbubbles are crushed and the allelopathic substances are decomposed by the radicals.
  • the type of microbubble generator is a swirling flow type that generates microbubbles by generating a swirling flow by sending pressure water with a pump into the device, and an ejector type that generates microbubbles by ejecting liquid from a nozzle at high speed
  • a rotary type that generates microbubbles by rotating the screw at high speed is preferable.
  • the roots of the plant may be damaged, and the growth of the plant may be hindered or the plant may wither. Therefore, it is preferable not to circulate the culture solution in the second circulation tank in the culture solution circulation path during the operation of the microbubble generator so that the culture solution containing microbubbles is not supplied to the cultivation unit.
  • the second circulation tank 7b when the microbubble generator 11 in the second circulation tank 7b is operated to generate microbubbles in the culture solution 2 in the second circulation tank 7b, the second It is preferable to stop the pump 10 between the circulation tank 7b and the first circulation tank 7a so that the culture solution 2 in the second circulation tank 7b is not supplied into the first circulation tank 7a.
  • the pump 10 between the second circulation tank 7b and the first circulation tank 7a is stopped during a certain period of time after the operation of the microbubble generator 11 in the second circulation tank 7b and after the operation is stopped. More preferably, the culture solution 2 in the second circulation tank 7b is not supplied to the first circulation tank 7a.
  • the plant 3 By circulating the culture solution through the culture solution circulation path in this way, it is possible to remove allelopathic substances in the culture solution, reduce the possibility that the microbubbles will adversely affect the plant, and increase the yield of the plant.
  • operation of the microbubble generator 11 it is possible to supply the culture solution 2 which does not contain a microbubble to the cultivation part 4.
  • the plant 3 can be sufficiently grown.
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus 1 of the present invention may have a culture solution supply means 8 for supplying the culture solution as shown in FIG. preferable.
  • a culture medium storage tank 9 adjusted to a desired culture medium component is provided before being supplied to the cultivation unit, and the culture medium is quantitatively supplied from the storage tank by the pump 10. good.
  • the culture solution circulation path of the hydroponic cultivation apparatus of the present invention preferably includes a thermometer, a pH meter, and an electrical conductivity meter. More preferably, the temperature, pH, and electrical conductivity of the culture solution can be measured before and after supplying the cultivation part.
  • the cultivation unit has a hydroponics growth board having a fixed planting hole for growing seedlings, and the board has a first layer (upper part) and a second layer (lower part). It is preferable that the first layer has a higher brightness than the second layer.
  • the cultivation section has a foreign matter removing means for removing foreign matters such as plant leaves and root fragments.
  • the foreign matter removing means include a rake-like object in which teeth are arranged in a rough comb shape in the cultivation part, and a mesh-like substance is arranged at a discharge port for discharging the culture solution in the cultivation part to the culture medium circulation path. .
  • a component excluding moisture in the culture liquid with respect to a part of the culture liquid The component exceeding 50% by mass is discharged out of the culture medium circulation path with respect to the total of 100% by mass (first step).
  • components such as nitrogen, phosphate ion, iron ion, tin ion, zinc ion, boron ion, sodium ion, calcium ion, magnesium ion, etc., which are culture components It is preferable to discharge 99% by mass of the component out of the culture medium circulation path with respect to the total of 100% by mass. By doing in this way, the component of the major part of the ionic component in a culture solution will be discharged
  • a new culture solution is supplied to the moisture of the culture solution that has undergone the first step (second step).
  • the culture solution is newly supplied in a state where the component concentration in the culture solution in the first step is lowered, and the ionic component that is deficient in the culture solution is replenished, and the culture solution The ionic component balance in the medium can be regenerated.
  • the first step and the second step are repeated a plurality of times.
  • the collapse of the ionic component balance in the culture solution can be further improved.
  • a culture solution can be made into the state of substantially fresh water, and the reproduction
  • Hydroponics unlike soil cultivation, is a method of cultivating without using soil as a culture medium, giving it as a liquid fertilizer (culture solution) in which fertilizer is dissolved in water, with respect to the nutrient moisture necessary for plant growth, It is classified into a jet type, a thin film flow type (Nutrient Film Technique, hereinafter referred to as NFT) and a irrigation type (Deep Flow Technique, hereinafter referred to as DFT) depending on the configuration of circulating the culture solution.
  • NFT Nutrient Film Technique
  • DFT Deep Flow Technique
  • NFT is what flows a culture solution at a shallow water depth
  • DFT stores a culture solution in a bathtub and can immerse in deeper water depth.
  • DFT is adopted because of ease of plant production management.
  • any of the above-described spraying type, NFT, and DFT methods is used. It is possible to use.
  • allelopathy a substance that suppresses the growth of other plants by decaying the roots of seeds, seed shells, etc. in addition to disruption of the ionic component balance in the culture solution ( (Allelochemical) is released, and animals and microorganisms are attracted.
  • allelopathy a substance that suppresses the growth of other plants by decaying the roots of seeds, seed shells, etc. in addition to disruption of the ionic component balance in the culture solution.
  • allelopathic substances mainly organic acids
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus and hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention out of the culture solution containing the harmful components, more than half of the components excluding moisture are discharged out of the culture solution circulation path, and then newly cultured. Since the solution is replenished, allelopathic substances in the culture solution can also be removed.
  • the hydroponic cultivation apparatus and hydroponic cultivation method of the present invention provide 50% by mass with respect to a total of 100% by mass of the components excluding moisture in the culture solution, with respect to a part of the culture solution.
  • separation means for discharging the excess components out of the culture medium circulation path By having separation means for discharging the excess components out of the culture medium circulation path, the fluctuation of the ionic component balance in the culture solution can be suppressed, the culture solution can be easily managed, and an automatic pH controller is provided. By adding, it enables free maintenance of culture solution management in hydroponics.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif hydroponique et un procédé hydroponique, dans lesquels une solution de culture est fournie et mise en circulation pour cultiver une plante, les fluctuations de l'équilibre des composants ioniques dans la solution de culture étant supprimées au moyen d'une configuration simple, et la solution de culture pouvant être aisément gérée. Ce dispositif hydroponique, dans lequel une solution de culture est fournie et mise en circulation pour cultiver une plante, comporte : une partie de culture dans laquelle la plante est cultivée ; et un trajet de circulation de solution de culture qui commence à partir de la partie de culture et atteint la partie de culture, le trajet de circulation de solution de culture comportant un moyen de séparation de solution de culture qui, à partir d'une partie de la solution de culture, évacue, à l'extérieur du trajet de circulation de solution de culture, un composant qui constitue plus de 50 % en masse d'un total de 100 % en masse de composants qui éliminent l'eau dans la solution de culture.
PCT/JP2018/003774 2017-02-06 2018-02-05 Dispositif hydroponique et procédé hydroponique WO2018143450A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI840918B (zh) * 2022-08-17 2024-05-01 通億國際貿易有限公司 具備多軸輸送與影像監測之多層式水耕栽培設備

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JPH03292823A (ja) * 1990-04-11 1991-12-24 Chubu Electric Power Co Inc 水耕栽培方法
JP2007319047A (ja) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-13 Oji Paper Co Ltd 苗木または採穂母樹の作成方法
JP2013138615A (ja) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-18 Kurita Water Ind Ltd 水耕栽培システム
JP2014131495A (ja) * 2013-01-07 2014-07-17 Watanabe Takeshi ミョウガの養液栽培方法と養液栽培装置
JP2017023009A (ja) * 2015-07-16 2017-02-02 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 下水処理水を用いた低カリウム含有植物の栽培装置及び栽培方法

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JP2011078332A (ja) * 2009-10-05 2011-04-21 Nippon Rensui Co Ltd 排培養液の回収装置、排培養液の回収方法および水耕栽培装置

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH03292823A (ja) * 1990-04-11 1991-12-24 Chubu Electric Power Co Inc 水耕栽培方法
JP2007319047A (ja) * 2006-05-31 2007-12-13 Oji Paper Co Ltd 苗木または採穂母樹の作成方法
JP2013138615A (ja) * 2011-12-28 2013-07-18 Kurita Water Ind Ltd 水耕栽培システム
JP2014131495A (ja) * 2013-01-07 2014-07-17 Watanabe Takeshi ミョウガの養液栽培方法と養液栽培装置
JP2017023009A (ja) * 2015-07-16 2017-02-02 国立大学法人 鹿児島大学 下水処理水を用いた低カリウム含有植物の栽培装置及び栽培方法

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
TWI840918B (zh) * 2022-08-17 2024-05-01 通億國際貿易有限公司 具備多軸輸送與影像監測之多層式水耕栽培設備

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