Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
  • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
  • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
  • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
  • B60R25/01—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens
  • B60R25/04—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles operating on vehicle systems or fittings, e.g. on doors, seats or windscreens operating on the propulsion system, e.g. engine or drive motor
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
  • B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
  • B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
  • B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
  • B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
  • B60R25/245—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user where the antenna reception area plays a role
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
  • B60R25/30—Detection related to theft or to other events relevant to anti-theft systems
  • B60R25/34—Detection related to theft or to other events relevant to anti-theft systems of conditions of vehicle components, e.g. of windows, door locks or gear selectors
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R2325/00—Indexing scheme relating to vehicle anti-theft devices
  • B60R2325/10—Communication protocols, communication systems of vehicle anti-theft devices
  • B60R2325/105—Radio frequency identification data [RFID]
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
  • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
  • B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
  • B60R25/209—Remote starting of engine
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
  • B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
  • B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
  • B60Y2200/10—Road Vehicles
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
  • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
  • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
  • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
  • G07C2009/00555—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks comprising means to detect or avoid relay attacks
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
  • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
  • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
  • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
  • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
  • G07C2009/00793—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by Hertzian waves
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
  • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
  • G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
  • G07C2209/08—With time considerations, e.g. temporary activation, valid time window or time limitations

Definitions

• the invention relates to a method for securing a keyless access, in particular to a motor vehicle.
• an attacker can place a first relay device near the ID transmitter and a second relay device near the one or more reference points, and forward a radio signal of the ID transmitter via the relay devices to the system.
• the radio protocol for distance measurement can thus be given the impression that the ID transmitter is within the defined distance to the one or more reference points of the system.
• a method for controlling access to a system (in particular to a vehicle) by means of an ID transmitter for example by means of a radio key) is described.
• an ID transmitter for example by means of a radio key
• the distance between the ID transmitter and a reference point of the system is checked by transmitting a radio signal.
• access to the system is not granted if it is determined that the ID transmitter is at a distance from the reference point of the system that is greater than a certain distance threshold (e.g., from l-3m).
• Authentication of the ID transmitter can thus be checked whether the ID transmitter is within a certain distance to the reference point of the system (in particular of a vehicle). If the ID transmitter has been authenticated, access to the system can be granted. In particular, e.g. unlocking a door of a vehicle and / or starting an engine of a vehicle in response to the successful authentication of the ID transmitter are enabled.
• the method comprises determining, based on the first time and based on the second time (in particular on the basis of a time period between the first time and the second time), whether the second version of the radio signal is a relay Attack from the radio signal generated relay signal acts.
• the second version of the radio signal could be a reflection of the radio signal.
• the determining whether the second version of the radio signal is a relay signal may include determining a time period between the first time and the second time and comparing the time duration to a time threshold. The time threshold may depend on typical delay times of the radio signal, which may arise due to reflections of the radio signal.
• the second version of the radio signal is a relay signal if the time duration is greater than the time threshold.
• the method may include determining a first signal strength of the first version of the radio signal and a second signal strength of the second version of the radio signal. It can then also be determined on the basis of the first signal strength and on the basis of the second signal strength, whether the second version of the radio signal is a relay signal or not. In particular, it can be determined whether the first signal strength is less than the second signal strength, and whether the second time point follows the first time point. If this is the case, then it can be more reliably determined that the second version of the radio signal is a relay signal (since typically a reflected radio signal should have a reduced signal strength compared to the directly received radio signal).
• the method may include causing a measure to inhibit access to the system if it is determined that the second version of the radio signal is a relay signal (even if it is determined that the ID transmitter is within the permissible distance to the reference point of the system).
• Access to a system can be increased.
• the radio signal may include a request signal sent from a transmitting unit of the system to the ID transmitter (eg via a BLE radio protocol).
• the transmitting unit can be arranged at the reference point of the system.
• a signal strength of the ID transmitter received request signal can be used to determine the distance between the ID transmitter and the reference point. Information regarding the signal strength or with respect to the distance can then be sent with a response signal from the ID transmitter to a receiving unit of the system.
• Arranging a measure to inhibit access to the system may then include inhibiting the sending of a response signal in response to the request signal.
• the ID transmitter In the absence of a response signal, the ID transmitter can not be authenticated by the system. As a result, access to the system can be prevented.
• the radio signal may comprise a response signal (e.g., in the RF frequency range) sent to the system by the ID transmitter in response to a request signal from a transmitting unit of the system.
• the method may then be performed at least in part by the system.
• Arranging an action to inhibit access may then include discarding the authentication of the ID transmitter (even if it has been determined that the ID transmitter is reliably away from the reference point) and / or issuing an indication of an ID
• Output unit (e.g., via a speaker) of the system.
• controller configured to perform the method described in this document is described.
• a vehicle in particular a road motor vehicle, for example a passenger car, a truck or a motorcycle
• a vehicle in particular a road motor vehicle, for example a passenger car, a truck or a motorcycle
• an ID transmitter which comprise the control unit described in this document.
• SW software program
• the SW program can be set up to run on a processor and thereby perform the method described in this document.
• the storage medium may include a SW program that is set up to run on a processor be executed, and thereby to carry out the method described in this document.
• Figure la an exemplary vehicle with an access control function
• FIG. 1b shows an exemplary ID transmitter
• FIG. 2 shows a scenario of an exemplary relay attack
• FIG. 3 shows a flow chart of an exemplary method for controlling access to a system, in particular to a motor vehicle.
• FIG. la shows an example vehicle 100 and Figure 1b shows an example ID transmitter 120 providing a keyless entry function.
• a keyless entry function allows a driver of a vehicle 100, without using the key-lock principle, to open a vehicle door 110 or to start the engine of the vehicle 100.
• the driver grips the door handle 111.
• a proximity sensor 112 on or near the door handle 111 detects this movement.
• a specific radio signal e.g., in the LF, low frequency, range or with a Bluetooth Low Energy, BLE,
• Radio protocol via one or more transmission units 101 of the vehicle 100.
• This radio signal can also be called a request signal.
• the one or more transmitting units 101 may be configured to generate an electromagnetic field, i. the request signal to send out.
• Transmitting units 101 are in the frequency range of 20-140kHz (eg 20 kHz, 124kHz, 125kHz, 127kHz, 133kHz or 135kHz). Alternatively, frequencies in the range of 2.4 GHz (eg when using BLE) (to allow for longer ranges).
• the electromagnetic field emitted by the one or more transmitting units 101 includes the request signal.
• the transmitted request signal may comprise several parts.
• a first portion of the request signal may be configured to wake a receiving unit 123 in an ID transmitter 120 (e.g., a key) of the driver, i. to prepare for receiving further information.
• Another part of the request signal can be
• Information for identification of the vehicle 100 and / or for unambiguous identification of the request signal include.
• the different parts of the request signal emitted by the one or more transmission units 101 can be transmitted with a time delay.
• the receiving unit 123 in the ID transmitter 120 is set up to receive the signals or signal parts sent by the one or more transmitting units 101 and to determine the signal strength or field strength of the signals or signal parts.
• a transmitting unit 121 of the ID transmitter 120 responds to the received request signal with a response signal.
• the response signal may be transmitted in a different frequency range than that
• the response signal may be transmitted at a response frequency of 433 MHz (i.e., in the HF (High Frequency) range).
• frequencies in the range of 2.4 GHz e.g., using BLE may be used.
• the response signal can consist of several parts.
• a first portion of the response signal may serve to identify the ID transmitter 120, and another portion of the response signal may include information for the measured signal strength of the request signal.
• One or more receiving units 104 of the vehicle 100 may receive the response signal and / or the response signal portions and to a control unit 102 of the vehicle 100
• the control unit 102 may be configured to check whether the ID transmitter 120 matches the vehicle 100. Furthermore, the position of the ID transmitter 120 relative to the vehicle 100 can be calculated via triangulation or via a look-up table (on the basis of the measured signal strengths of a plurality of request signals). If the estimated position of the ID transmitter 120 matches the position of the proximity sensor 112 (eg, surrounding the touched door 110 and / or the touched door handle 111), the door 110 and / or the entire vehicle 100 are opened. Thus, an authentication of the ID transmitter 120 has taken place. As illustrated in FIG. 1 a, the vehicle 100 typically includes a plurality of transmission units 101. The transmission units 101 may be located at different locations (ie
• Each transmitting unit 101 of the plurality of transmitting units 101 may send a request signal (e.g., a signal pulse).
• a request signal e.g., a signal pulse
• Request signals may be staggered in time, and possibly a predefined one
• the request signals may have a unique identifier or identifier.
• the ID transmitter 120 and / or the receiving unit 104 of the vehicle 100 can uniquely assign the request signals by means of the identifier or the identifier and / or by means of the order to a transmission unit 101 of the plurality of transmission units 101.
• Reference point) and ID encoder 120 are determined. Since the transmission units 101 are located at different locations (i.e., reference points) in the vehicle 100, there are thus a plurality of distances for the corresponding plurality of transmission units 101.
• the relative position between vehicle 100 and ID transmitter 120 can thus be determined. Possibly. Also, an orientation of the vehicle 100 with respect to the ID transmitter 120 may be determined.
• the above procedure for identity matching / position matching between vehicle 100 and ID transmitter 120 typically takes a period of about 100 ms. That the o.g. Procedure typically remains unnoticed by the driver due to the small amount of time that the driver, with the handle to the door handle 111, can directly open the door 110. An analog procedure for identity matching / position matching typically also takes place when the engine is started.
• FIG. 2 shows a scenario for a relay attack, in which a first relay device 201 is arranged in the vicinity of the ID transmitter 120 and in which a second relay device 202 is arranged in the vicinity of the vehicle 100.
• a first relay device 201 is arranged in the vicinity of the ID transmitter 120 and in which a second relay device 202 is arranged in the vicinity of the vehicle 100.
• a second relay device 202 is arranged in the vicinity of the vehicle 100.
• Fig. 2 is for the example shown in Fig. 2 is for the
• a maximum distance 211 between ID transmitter 120 and vehicle 100 is permissible. Further, and a radio signal 231, 232 (e.g., a request signal 231 or 231 interchanged between vehicle 100 and ID transmitter 120)
• Response signal 232 has a range 212.
• the request signal 231 transmitted by a transmission unit 101 of the vehicle 100 can be received by the second relay device 202 and forwarded to the first relay device 201 via a relay radio link 240. It may then be a request signal 231
• the transmitting unit 121 of the ID transmitter 120 can then emit a response signal 232 that can be received by the first relay device 201 and relayed via the relay radio link 240 to the second relay device 202.
• the second relay device 202 may then emit a relay signal 242 corresponding to the response signal 232, which may be received by the receiving unit 104 of the vehicle 100.
• the vehicle 100 may be given the impression that the ID transmitter 120 is in close proximity (i.e., within the maximum distance 211) of the vehicle 100.
• One way to detect such a relay attack is to use a time-of-flight measurement.
• the time required for a radio signal 231, 232 between ID transmitter 120 and vehicle 100 can be measured.
• Due to the processing within the relay devices 201, 202, the transmission of a corresponding relay signal 241, 242 via the relay radio link 240 typically results in delays which can be detected at the ID transmitter 120 and / or at the vehicle 100.
• such measurements of the time-of-flight of a radio signal are typically relatively expensive.
• the ID transmitter 120 and / or the vehicle 100 receive both the direct radio signal 231, 232 and the relay signal 241, 242.
• the ID transmitter 120 may receive both the direct request signal 231 and the corresponding relay signal 241.
• the vehicle 100 may receive both the direct response signal 232 and the corresponding relay signal 242.
• the reception of (at least) two versions of a radio signal may be used by the receiving unit 100, 120 to detect a relay attack.
• the receiving unit 123 in the ID transmitter 120 can be set up to determine the signal strength or field strength of a received request signal 231. If several versions of a request signal 231 are received, the version of the Request signal 231 having the lower signal strength (and thus the higher distance) is considered as reflecting the version of the request signal 231 having the higher signal strength (and thus the higher distance).
• the vehicle 100 can receive a multiple
• Response signal 232 with the same identifier by determining the time duration between the receipt of the two versions of the response signal 232 and by comparing with a time threshold to determine whether the multiple reception is a reflection or a relay attack.
• the vehicle 100 may respond accordingly (e.g., issuing a warning and / or discarding the vehicle)
• the system 100 may be a vehicle.
• the unlocking of a door 111 of a vehicle and / or the start of an engine of the vehicle can be controlled.
• the distance between the ID transmitter 120 and a reference point of the system 100 eg a transmitter unit 101
• a request signal 231 can be sent from a transmitting unit 101 of the system 100 to the ID transmitter 120.
• a response signal 232 may be sent from the ID transmitter 120 to the system 100.
• the method 300 includes receiving 301 a first version of the radio signal 231, 232 at a first (receive) time and a second version of the radio signal 231, 232 at a second (receive) time. Both versions of the radio signal 231, 232 may have the same identifier.
• the method 300 includes determining 302 based on the first time and based on the second time whether the second version of the radio signal 231, 232 is a generated one of a relay attack from the radio signal 231, 232
• Relay signal 241, 242 is or not. In particular, it can be determined on the basis of the time duration between the first time and the second time whether or not the second version of the radio signal 231, 232 is a relay signal 241, 242.
• the method 300 further includes causing a measure 303 to inhibit access to the system 100 when it is determined that the second version of the radio signal 231, 232 is a relay signal 241, 242 (although it is determined that the ID transmitter 120 is at a permissible distance from the reference point).
• the method 300 thus enables reliable and efficient protection against relay attacks for keyless access functions, especially when using long-range radio technologies, such as e.g. BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy), for the transmission of the radio signal 231, 232 (from the system 100 to the ID transmitter 120 and / or from the ID transmitter 120 to the system 100).
• BLE Bluetooth Low Energy
• the present invention is not limited to the embodiments shown.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
• Position Fixing By Use Of Radio Waves (AREA)
• Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)
• Transceivers (AREA)

Priority Applications (5)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Related Child Applications (1)

Publications (1)

Family

ID=60327311

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (7)

Families Citing this family (7)

Citations (3)

Family Cites Families (12)

• 2017
  • 2017-01-17 DE DE102017200668.4A patent/DE102017200668B4/de active Active
  • 2017-11-14 CN CN201780083558.2A patent/CN110199327B/zh active Active
  • 2017-11-14 KR KR1020197018144A patent/KR102454550B1/ko active IP Right Grant
  • 2017-11-14 WO PCT/EP2017/079109 patent/WO2018133971A1/de unknown
  • 2017-11-14 EP EP17797933.3A patent/EP3571675B1/de active Active
  • 2017-11-14 JP JP2019538358A patent/JP7005635B2/ja active Active
• 2019
  • 2019-07-10 US US16/508,025 patent/US20190329732A1/en not_active Abandoned

Patent Citations (3)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

Also Published As

Similar Documents

Legal Events