WO2018133304A1 - 一种分离热解系统 - Google Patents

一种分离热解系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018133304A1
WO2018133304A1 PCT/CN2017/088075 CN2017088075W WO2018133304A1 WO 2018133304 A1 WO2018133304 A1 WO 2018133304A1 CN 2017088075 W CN2017088075 W CN 2017088075W WO 2018133304 A1 WO2018133304 A1 WO 2018133304A1
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cyclone
gasification
separation
pyrolysis
housing
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PCT/CN2017/088075
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张连华
张晖
陈柏金
王季
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江苏华威机械制造有限公司
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Publication of WO2018133304A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018133304A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/48—Apparatus; Plants
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D45/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/12—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces
    • B01D45/16—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapours by gravity, inertia, or centrifugal forces by centrifugal forces generated by the winding course of the gas stream, the centrifugal forces being generated solely or partly by mechanical means, e.g. fixed swirl vanes

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  • the invention belongs to the technical field of coal gasification equipment, and more particularly relates to a pyrolysis separation system.
  • the cyclone separator in the coal-to-gas circulating fluidized bed gasification system is a separation device for separating solid coal ash particles contained in the high-temperature gas coming out of the gasification furnace. It adopts a vertical drum structure and is internally divided into a cyclone outer chamber and a cyclone chamber.
  • the high-temperature gas and solid coal ash particles flowing out from the high-temperature gas outlet of the gasifier are tangentially introduced into the outer chamber of the cyclone from the inlet of the upper side wall of the cyclone to form a rotary motion, so that the solid particles of coal ash having a large inertial centrifugal force are ⁇
  • the outer wall is separated to achieve the purpose of solid-phase separation of solid particles and high-temperature gas.
  • the inertial centrifugal force formed by the tangential rotation is insufficient, and the solid particles are often prevented from being separated, so that the high-temperature gas flowing out of the cyclone still contains a large amount of coal. Ash dust particles.
  • the conventional coal-to-gas circulating fluidized bed gasification system requires unburned dust particles flowing from the gasifier to be circulated and reciprocated several times between the gasifier and the cyclone. Therefore, The traditional cyclone separator can only separate the raw coal cyclone and send it to the gasification furnace for several times and then gasification and combustion, in order to continuously improve the carbon conversion rate of the raw coal. Obviously, such a gasification mode has a very low gasification efficiency and a low carbon gasification rate.
  • a separation pyrolysis system comprising a cyclone separator and a pyrolysis gasification bed located at a lower portion of the cyclone separator,
  • the cyclone separator includes a housing and a center barrel located within the housing, the center One end of the cylinder is fixedly connected to the top of the casing, the central cylinder partitions the casing into a cyclone separation inner chamber and a cyclone separation outer chamber, and the inner portion of the central cylinder is a cyclone separation inner chamber, the center
  • the outer part of the cylinder is a cyclone separation outer cavity, and the side wall of the casing is provided with an inlet communicating with the cyclone separation outer cavity, and the top of the casing is provided with an outlet connected to the cyclone separation inner cavity
  • the high-temperature gas rich in coal ash solid particles enters the vortex separating outer cavity from the inlet along the tangential direction of the cross section of the cyclone separation outer chamber, and separates the high temperature gas and the coal ash solid particles, and the separated high temperature gas Entering the cyclone separation chamber and discharging from the outlet;
  • the pyrolysis gasification bed comprises a conical air distribution body and a gasification agent pipe located in a bottom of the casing of the cyclone separator, and the conical air distribution body is provided with a plurality of communicating with the cyclone separator a vent hole, the conical air distribution body is in communication with the gasification agent pipe, and the coal ash solid particles having a large inertia centrifugal force are separated from the side wall of the cyclone separation into the conical cloth body, the cone The solid particles on the air body are further burned and pyrolyzed by the gasifying agent introduced by the gasifying agent pipe.
  • the top of the tapered wind plane faces the cyclone.
  • the end of the gasifying agent conduit is provided with a flared discharge tube, the large diameter end edge of which is connected to the edge of the tapered air distribution surface.
  • a mixing gasification chamber is disposed between the tapered air distribution body and the discharge pipe of the gasifying agent pipe, and a vent hole of the tapered air distribution body and the mixed gasification chamber The upper portion is in communication, and the discharge pipe of the gasification agent conduit is in communication with a lower portion of the mixed gasification chamber.
  • the lower part of the conical air distribution body is provided with a slag disc, and the high-temperature gas generated by the pyrolysis gasification of the solid particles through the pyrolysis gasification bed is discharged through the cyclone separation chamber, and the generated exhausted Cinder falls into the slag tray.
  • the invention has the advantages of novel and reasonable design concept, good comprehensive performance of gasification and desulfurization, high gasification efficiency and high carbon conversion rate.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic front view showing an embodiment of a pyrolysis separation system of the present invention.
  • Fig. 1 1 is a cyclone separator, 111 is a first cylindrical section, 112 is a circular section, 113 is a second cylinder section, 12 is a center cylinder, 101 is a cyclone separation outer chamber, and 102 is a cyclone separation.
  • Cavity 2 is pyrolysis gasification bed, 201 is conical air distribution body, 2011 is mixed gasification chamber, 2012 is pipe body, 202 is slag disk, 3 is gasification agent pipe, 31 is discharge pipe, 4 is burning Cinder, 5 is coal ash solid particles, a is the inlet, and b is the outlet.
  • FIG 1 schematically shows a pyrolysis separation system of one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the pyrolysis separation system includes a cyclone separator and a pyrolysis gasification bed.
  • the cyclone separator 1 includes a housing and a central barrel 12 located within the housing.
  • the housing includes a first cylindrical section 111, a circular section 112 and a second cylindrical section 113 in order from top to bottom.
  • the housing is a unitary structure.
  • the center barrel 12 is located within the first cylindrical section 111 and the truncated section 112.
  • the diameter of the first cylindrical section 111 is larger than the diameter of the second cylinder 113, so that the cyclone has sufficient space for separating the high temperature gas.
  • the truncated cone section 112 forms a sloped side wall that enables the separated solid particles to fall along the inclined side walls.
  • the first cylindrical section 111 includes a cylindrical cylinder and a cover plate, and the central cylinder 12 and the cylindrical cylinder are disposed in parallel.
  • the center barrel 12 partitions the inner chamber of the housing into a cyclonic separation outer chamber 101 and a cyclonic separation chamber 102.
  • the inside of the center cylinder 12 is a cyclone separation inner chamber 102, and the outer portion of the center cylinder 12 is a cyclone separation outer chamber 101.
  • a high-temperature gas inlet a communicating with the cyclone separation outer chamber 101 is opened on the side wall of the casing. Specifically, the high-temperature gas inlet a is opened on the cylindrical cylinder of the first cylindrical section.
  • the top of the casing is provided with a high-temperature gas outlet b communicating with the cyclone separation chamber 102.
  • the high-temperature gas outlet b is opened on the cover plate and located in the central cylinder 12 to avoid high-temperature gas containing coal ash solid particles 5. discharge.
  • High-temperature gas rich in coal ash solid particles 5 from the high-temperature gas of the cyclone The mouth a enters the vortex separating outer cavity in the tangential direction of the cross-sectional circle of the cyclone separation chamber 101, and separates the high-temperature gas and the coal ash solid particles 5, and the separated high-temperature gas enters the cyclone separation chamber 102 from the outlet b discharge.
  • the pyrolysis gasification bed 2 includes a conical air body 201, a gasification agent pipe 3, and a slag plate 202.
  • the conical air body 201 is located in the bottom of the housing of the cyclone separator 1.
  • the top of the tapered air body 201 faces the cyclone separator 1.
  • the tapered surface of the tapered air body 201 can increase the contact area of the gasifying agent with the coal ash solid particles 5, and improve the efficiency of pyrolysis gasification.
  • the tapered air body 201 is in communication with the gasifying agent pipe 3. By directly applying the gasifying agent to the coal ash solid particles 5, the use efficiency of the gasifying agent can be improved.
  • the end of the gasifying agent pipe 3 is provided with a flared discharge pipe 31, and the edge of the large diameter end of the discharge pipe 31 is connected to the edge of the tapered air body 201, so that the gasifying agent discharged from the gasifying agent pipe 3 can be Discharge evenly through the vent.
  • a mixed vaporization chamber 2201 is provided between the tapered air body 201 and the discharge pipe 31.
  • the vent hole of the tapered air body 201 communicates with the upper portion of the mixed vaporization chamber 2201, and the discharge pipe 31 of the gasification agent pipe 3 communicates with the lower portion of the mixed vaporization chamber 2201.
  • the discharge pipe 31 is placed in the pipe body 2012, and the pipe body 2012 is connected to the bottom edge of the tapered air distribution body 201.
  • the tubular body is in the shape of a truncated cone in 2012, and the end of the small pipe diameter is connected with the conical air body 201 to facilitate the falling of the burnt cinder into the slag plate 202.
  • the slag tray 202 is located below the tapered air body 201.
  • the slag tray 202 is provided with an inverted truncated cone-shaped cavity for accommodating the burnt cinder 4. It plays the role of collecting burnt cinders 4.
  • the bottom of the housing is located within the cavity of the slag tray 202, and the space between the bottom of the housing and the tubular body 2012 of the tapered air body 201 forms a passage for transporting the burnt cinder 4.
  • the burnt cinder 4 can directly fall into the slag tray 202 directly from the passage formed by the bottom of the casing and the tapered air body 201 to prevent leakage of the burnt cinder 4.
  • One end of the tubular body 2012 of the tapered air body 201 is connected to the bottom of the slag tray 202.
  • the gasifying agent conduit 3 communicates with the conical wind surface 2011 through the bottom of the slag tray 202.
  • the coal ash solid particles 5 ⁇ having a large inertia centrifugal force are separated from the side wall of the casing into the conical cloth body 201, and the gas solid particles on the conical cloth body 201 are introduced into the gasification agent pipe 3 for gasification.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

一种分离热解系统，包括旋风分离器（1）和热解气化床（2），旋风分离器包括壳体和位于壳体内的中心筒（12），中心筒的一端部与壳体的顶部固定连接，中心筒将壳体隔成旋风分离内腔（101）和旋风分离外腔（102），中心筒的内部为旋风分离内腔，中心筒的外部为旋风分离外腔，壳体的侧壁上开设有与旋风分离外腔相连通的入口（a），壳体的顶部开设有与旋风分离内腔相连通的出口（b），热解气化床包括位于旋风分离器的壳体底部内的锥形布风体（201），锥形布风体上开设有多个与旋风分离器连通的出风口，锥形布风体与气化剂管道（3）连通。该系统具有气化效率和碳转化率高等优点。

Description

一种分离热解系统 技术领域
本发明属于煤气化设备技术领域，更具体涉及一种热解分离系统。
背景技术
煤制气循环流化床气化系统中的旋风分离器，是用于分离从气化炉出来的高温煤气中含有固体煤灰颗粒的分离设备。它采用立式圆桶结构，内部分为旋风分离器外腔和旋风分离器内腔。从气化炉高温煤气出口流出的高温煤气和固体煤灰颗粒，从旋风分离器的上部侧壁入口切向引入旋风分离器外腔形成旋转运动，使具有较大惯性离心力的煤灰固体颗粒甩向外壁面分开，从而实现固体颗粒和高温煤气气固分离的目的。但在实际分离过程中，由于高温煤气的气流速度较低，切向旋转形成的惯性离心力不够，往往使固体颗粒不能被甩出分离，导致从旋风分离器流出的高温煤气中仍然含有大量的煤灰粉尘颗粒。为了解决上述问题，传统煤制气循环流化床气化系统，需要将从气化炉流出的未燃尽粉尘颗粒煤，在气化炉和旋风分离器之间往返循环数十次，因此，传统的旋风分离器只能将原料煤旋风分离并多次循环送入气化炉内再气化燃烧，才能不断提高原料煤的碳转化率。显然，如此循环气化方式其气化效率极低、碳气化率也不高。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种可提高气化效率和碳转化率的分离热解系统。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供了一种分离热解系统，包括旋风分离器和位于所述旋风分离器下部的热解气化床，
所述旋风分离器包括壳体和位于所述壳体内的中心筒，所述中心 筒的一端部与所述壳体的顶部固定连接，所述中心筒将所述壳体隔成旋风分离内腔和旋风分离外腔，所述中心筒的内部为旋风分离内腔，所述中心筒的外部为旋风分离外腔，所述壳体的侧壁上开设有与所述旋风分离外腔相连通的入口，所述壳体的顶部开设有与所述旋风分离内腔相连通的出口，富含煤灰固体颗粒物的高温煤气从所述入口沿着旋风分离外腔的横截面的切向进入旋风分离外腔内旋转运动，将高温煤气和煤灰固体颗粒分离，分离后的高温煤气进入旋风分离内腔并从所述出口排出；
所述热解气化床包括位于所述旋风分离器的壳体底部内的锥形布风体和气化剂管道，所述锥形布风体上开设有多个与所述旋风分离器连通的通气孔，所述锥形布风体与所述气化剂管道连通，具有较大惯性离心力的煤灰固体颗粒甩向旋风分离的侧壁分离落入锥形布风体上，所述锥形布风体上的固体颗粒在所述气化剂管道引入的气化剂作用下进一步燃烧热解气化。
在一些实施方式中，所述锥形布风面的顶部朝向所述旋风分离器。
在一些实施方式中，所述气化剂管道的端部设有喇叭状排出管，所述排出管的大口径端边缘与所述锥形布风面的边缘相连接。
在一些实施方式中，所述锥形布风体与所述气化剂管道的排出管之间设有混合气化室，所述锥形布风体的通气孔与所述混合气化室的上部相连通，所述气化剂管道的排出管与所述混合气化室的下部相连通。
在一些实施方式中，所述锥形布风体下部设有渣盘，固体颗粒经所述热解气化床热解气化后产生的高温煤气经过旋风分离内腔排出，产生的已燃尽煤渣落入所述渣盘。
其有益效果为：本发明具有设计理念新颖合理、气化脱硫综合性能好、气化效率和碳转化率高等优点。
附图说明
附图1为本发明一种热解分离系统的一实施方式的主视结构示意图。
在附图1中：1为旋风分离器、111为第一圆柱体段、112为圆台段、113为第二圆柱体段、12为中心筒、101为旋风分离外腔、102为旋风分离内腔、2为热解气化床、201为锥形布风体、2011为混合气化室、2012为管体、202为渣盘、3为气化剂管道、31为排出管、4为燃尽煤渣、5为煤灰固体颗粒、a为入口、b为出口。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明作进一步解释说明。
图1示意性地显示了本发明的一种实施方式的一种热解分离系统。如图1所示，该热解分离系统包括旋风分离器和热解气化床。
旋风分离器1包括壳体和位于壳体内的中心筒12。壳体由上至下依次包括第一圆柱体段111、圆台段112和第二圆柱体段113。壳体为一体结构。中心筒12位于第一圆柱体段111和圆台段112内。第一圆柱体段111的口径大于第二圆柱体113的口径，使旋风分离器具有足够的空间用于分离高温煤气。圆台段112形成倾斜的侧壁，使分离后的固体颗粒能够沿着倾斜的侧壁落下。第一圆柱体段111包括圆柱筒体和盖板，中心筒12和圆柱筒体平行设置。便于分离后的高温煤气的排出。中心筒12的一端部与壳体的顶部固定连接，具体地，中心筒12的一端部与盖板固定连接。中心筒12将壳体的内腔隔成旋风分离外腔101和旋风分离内腔102。中心筒12的内部为旋风分离内腔102，中心筒12的外部为旋风分离外腔101。壳体的侧壁上开设有与旋风分离外腔101相连通的高温煤气入口a，具体地，高温煤气入口a开设在第一圆柱体段的圆柱筒体上。壳体的顶部开设有与旋风分离内腔102相连通的高温煤气出口b，具体地，高温煤气出口b开设在盖板上且位于中心筒12内，避免含煤灰固体颗粒5的高温煤气被排出。富含煤灰固体颗粒5的高温煤气从旋风分离器的高温煤气入 口a沿着旋风分离外腔101的横截面圆的切向进入旋风分离外腔内旋转运动，将高温煤气和煤灰固体颗粒5分离，分离后的高温煤气进入旋风分离内腔102从出口b排出。热解气化床2包括锥形布风体201、气化剂管道3和渣盘202。锥形布风体201位于旋风分离器1的壳体底部内。锥形布风体201的顶部朝向旋风分离器1。锥形布风体201的锥形面可以增加气化剂与煤灰固体颗粒5的接触面积，提高热解气化的效率。锥形布风体201与气化剂管道3连通。使气化剂直接作用于煤灰固体颗粒5，可提高气化剂的使用效率。气化剂管道3的端部设有喇叭状排出管31，排出管31的大口径端的边缘与锥形布风体201的边缘相连接，使得从气化剂管道3排出的气化剂能够被均匀地通过通气孔排出。锥形布风体201与排出管31之间设有混合气化室2201。锥形布风体201的通气孔与混合气化室2201的上部相连通，气化剂管道3的排出管31与混合气化室2201的下部相连通。为了保护气化剂管道3的排出管31，将排出管31放置在管体2012中，管体2012与锥形布风体201的底部边缘相连接。管体2012位圆台状，小管径端部与锥形布风体201相连接，便于已燃尽煤渣落入渣盘202。
渣盘202位于锥形布风体201的下方。渣盘202设有用于容纳燃尽煤渣4的倒置圆台状的腔体。起到收集燃尽煤渣4的作用。壳体的底部位于渣盘202的腔体内，壳体的底部与锥形布风体201的管体2012之间的空间形成用于输送燃尽煤渣4的通道。燃尽煤渣4可直接从壳体底部和锥形布风体201形成的通道中直接落入渣盘202中，防止燃尽煤渣4发生泄漏。锥形布风体201的管体2012的一端部与渣盘202的底部连接。气化剂管道3穿过渣盘202的底部与锥形布风面2011连通。具有较大惯性离心力的煤灰固体颗粒5甩向壳体的侧壁分离落入锥形布风体201上，锥形布风体201上的煤气固体颗粒在气化剂管道3引入的气化剂作用下进一步燃烧热解气化；从热解气化床热解气化后产生的高温煤气经过旋风分离内腔102排出流入下道设备，产生的已燃尽煤渣4落入渣盘202收集。
以上的仅是本发明的一些实施方式。对于本领域普通技术人员来讲，在不脱离本发明创造构思的前提下，还可以做出若干变形和改进，这些都属于本发明的保护范围。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种分离热解系统，其特征在于，包括旋风分离器和位于所述旋风分离器下部的热解气化床，
    所述旋风分离器包括壳体和位于所述壳体内的中心筒，所述中心筒的一端部与所述壳体的顶部固定连接，所述中心筒将所述壳体隔成旋风分离内腔和旋风分离外腔，所述中心筒的内部为旋风分离内腔，所述中心筒的外部为旋风分离外腔，所述壳体的侧壁上开设有与所述旋风分离外腔相连通的入口，所述壳体的顶部开设有与所述旋风分离内腔相连通的出口，富含固体颗粒的高温煤气从所述入口沿着旋风分离外腔的横截面的切向进入旋风分离外腔内旋转运动，将高温煤气和固体颗粒分离，分离后的高温煤气进入旋风分离内腔并从所述出口排出；
    所述热解气化床包括位于所述旋风分离器的壳体底部内的锥形布风体和气化剂管道，所述锥形布风体上开设有多个与所述旋风分离器连通的通气孔，所述锥形布风体与所述气化剂管道连通，具有较大惯性离心力的固体颗粒甩向旋风分离的侧壁分离落入锥形布风体上，所述锥形布风体上的固体颗粒在所述气化剂管道引入的气化剂作用下进一步燃烧热解气化。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的热解分离系统，其特征在于，所述锥形布风面的顶部朝向所述旋风分离器。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的热解分离系统，其特征在于，所述气化剂管道的端部设有喇叭状排出管，所述排出管的大口径端边缘与所述锥形布风面的边缘相连接。
  4. 根据权利要求2所述的热解分离系统，其特征在于，所述锥形布风体与所述气化剂管道的排出管之间设有混合气化室，所述锥形布风体的通气孔与所述混合气化室的上部相连通，所述气化剂管道的排出管与所述混合气化室的下部相连通。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的热解分离系统，其特征在于，所述锥形布 风体下部设有渣盘，固体颗粒经所述热解气化床热解气化后产生的高温煤气经过旋风分离内腔排出，产生的已燃尽煤渣落入所述渣盘。
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