WO2018108453A1 - Produits alimentaires aérés - Google Patents

Produits alimentaires aérés Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018108453A1
WO2018108453A1 PCT/EP2017/079691 EP2017079691W WO2018108453A1 WO 2018108453 A1 WO2018108453 A1 WO 2018108453A1 EP 2017079691 W EP2017079691 W EP 2017079691W WO 2018108453 A1 WO2018108453 A1 WO 2018108453A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
food product
extract
ganoderma lucidium
aerated food
aerated
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/079691
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Sarah Twigg
Stephen Wilson
Original Assignee
Unilever Plc
Unilever N.V.
Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Unilever Plc, Unilever N.V., Conopco, Inc., D/B/A Unilever filed Critical Unilever Plc
Publication of WO2018108453A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018108453A1/fr

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
    • A23L31/00—Edible extracts or preparations of fungi; Preparation or treatment thereof
    • A23L31/10—Yeasts or derivatives thereof
    • A23L31/15—Extracts
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G9/00—Frozen sweets, e.g. ice confectionery, ice-cream; Mixtures therefor
    • A23G9/04—Production of frozen sweets, e.g. ice-cream
    • A23G9/20—Production of frozen sweets, e.g. ice-cream the products being mixed with gas, e.g. soft-ice

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to aerated food products that include mushroom extracts.
  • a wide variety of food products contain introduced gas, such as air, nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide.
  • Such foods include frozen and chilled food products, for example ice cream and mousses.
  • Two key considerations arise in the production and storage of aerated food products, namely the ability to incorporate gas into the product during manufacture (foamability) and the subsequent stability of the gas bubbles during storage (foam stability).
  • a number of additives are included in aerated food products to assist in the creation and maintenance of foam. These include proteins such as sodium caseinate and whey, which are highly foamable, and biopolymers, such as carrageenans, guar gum, locust bean gum, pectins, alginates, xanthan, gellan, gelatin and mixtures thereof, which are good stabilisers.
  • stabilisers used in the art can often maintain the total foam volume, they are poor at inhibiting the coarsening of the foam microstructure, i.e. increase in gas bubble size by processes such as disproportionation and coalescence. Further, many of the ingredients used to stabilise the gas phase in aerated food products need to be added at fairly high levels which can have deleterious textural and/or calorific consequences. Summary of the invention
  • the present invention provides an aerated food product comprising extracts of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidium.
  • the present invention provides an aerated food product in which the air phase is at least partially stabilised with extracts of the mushroom Ganoderma lucidium.
  • the Ganoderma lucidium extract is present in an amount of at least 0.001 wt%, more preferably at least 0.01 wt%.
  • the present invention provides a composition for producing an aerated food product of the invention, which composition comprises Ganoderma lucidium extract, together with at least one of the remaining ingredients of the food product.
  • the composition comprises all the remaining ingredients of the food product.
  • the present invention provides a dry composition for producing an aerated food product of the invention, which composition comprises Ganoderma lucidium extract, together with at least one of the remaining non-liquid ingredients of the food product.
  • the composition comprises all the remaining non-liquid ingredients of the food product.
  • the present invention further provides the use of Ganoderma lucidium extract in a method of inhibiting bubble coarsening in an aerated food product.
  • the present invention provides a method of inhibiting bubble coarsening in an aerated food product which method comprises adding Ganoderma lucidium extract to the food product prior to and/or during aeration of the product.
  • the present invention also provides the use of Ganoderma lucidium extract in a method of stabilising a foam in an aerated food product.
  • the present invention also provides a method of stabilising a foam in an aerated food product which method comprises adding Ganoderma lucidium extract to the food product prior to and/or during aeration of the product.
  • the present invention further provides the use of Ganoderma lucidium extract in a method of improving shape retention and/or rigidity in an aerated food product.
  • the present invention provides a method of improving shape retention and/or rigidity in an aerated food product which method comprises adding Ganoderma lucidium extract to the food product prior to and/or during aeration of the product.
  • Mushroom' refers to the fruiting bodies of a number of different fungal species. Mushrooms represent an interesting opportunity for research into potentially novel ingredients.
  • Commercially available vegetable proteins tend to be sourced from seeds, such as pea, lupin, canola and wheat. Although the protein profiles of seeds from different species vary in their properties, they generally contain a high proportion of globulin and albumin proteins. For example, different varieties of pea contain protein contents ranging from about 23- 31 %, with albumin and globulin representing 15-25% and 50-60% of the total protein respectively. Mushroom proteins however often differ from plant, microbial, and animal proteins, and therefore offer a source of potentially novel proteins with unique or interesting properties.
  • Mushrooms may also be particularly interesting from a sustainability point of view - they are saprotrophs which obtain their energy by degrading dead organic matter. Considerable amounts of this are generated as by-products of normal agricultural practices, in fact up to 90% of agricultural biomass is discarded as waste, with considerable environmental costs. Utilisation of some of this waste for mushroom cultivation therefore presents an opportunity to recycle waste products into the production of valuable food ingredients. Mushrooms contain a relatively high total protein content - about 30-50% of different species on a dry weight basis, although they do also have a very high water content - up to 90%. The species investigated herein are all edible, with either culinary or medicinal uses, and are all currently cultivated and commercially available.
  • the Ganoderma lucidium extract may be obtained in ways known to the person skilled in the art such as the extraction protocol described in Protein Purification Protocols (Methods in Molecular Biology, Vol. 244) 2nd Edition, Humana Press Inc, edited by: Paul Cutler, Chapter 5, "Protein Extraction from Fungi” by Paul D. Bridge, Tetsuo Kokubun, and Monique S. J. Simmonds.
  • the Ganoderma lucidium extract is obtained by following the steps of:
  • the Ganoderma lucidium extract is obtained by following the steps of:
  • Tris-glycine buffer (3 g Trizma, 14.4 g glycine, 1 L deionized water, pH 8.3.);
  • Clarifying soluble material by centrifugation preferably at about 12500g, for about 40 minutes, at about 4°C;
  • Aerated food products of the invention typically fall into one of four groups - hot, ambient, chilled or frozen.
  • the term "food” includes beverages.
  • Hot food products include beverages such as cappuccino coffee.
  • Ambient aerated food products include whipped cream, marshmallows and bakery products, e.g. bread.
  • Chilled aerated food products include whipped cream, mousses and beverages such as beer, milk shakes and smoothies.
  • Frozen aerated food products include frozen confections such as ice cream, milk ice, frozen yoghurt, sherbet, slushes, frozen custard, water ice, sorbet, granitas and frozen purees.
  • the aerated food product is an aerated confectionery product.
  • %overrun means that gas has been intentionally incorporated into the product, such as by mechanical means.
  • the gas can be any food-grade gas such as air, nitrogen or carbon dioxide.
  • the extent of aeration is typically defined in terms of "overrun”. In the context of the present invention, %overrun is defined in volume terms as:
  • the amount of overrun present in the product will vary depending on the desired product characteristics.
  • the level of overrun in ice cream is typically from about 70 to 100%, and in confectionery such as mousses the overrun can be as high as 200 to 250 wt%, whereas the overrun in water ices is from 25 to 30%.
  • the level of overrun in some chilled products, ambient products and hot products can be lower, but generally over 10%, e.g. the level of overrun in milkshakes is typically from 10 to 40 wt%.
  • the amount of Ganoderma lucidium extract present in the product will generally vary depending on the product formulation and volume of the air phase. Typically, the product will contain at least 0.001 wt%, Ganoderma lucidium extract, more preferably at least 0.005 or 0.01 wt%. Typically the product will contain less than 1 wt% Ganoderma lucidium extract.
  • the Ganoderma lucidium extract may be from a single source or a plurality of sources.
  • compositions for producing an aerated food product of the invention which composition comprises Ganoderma lucidium extract.
  • compositions include liquid premixes, for example premixes used in the production of frozen confectionery products, and dry mixes, for example powders, to which an aqueous liquid, such as milk or water, is added prior to or during aeration.
  • compositions include liquid premixes, for example premixes used in the production of frozen confectionery products, and dry mixes, for example powders, to which an aqueous liquid, such as milk or water, is added prior to or during aeration.
  • liquid premixes for example premixes used in the production of frozen confectionery products
  • dry mixes for example powders, to which an aqueous liquid, such as milk or water, is added prior to or during aeration.
  • compositions for producing a frozen food product of the invention will comprise other ingredients, in addition to the Ganoderma lucidium extract, which are normally included in the food product, e.g. sugar, fat, emulsifiers, flavourings etc.
  • the compositions may include all of the remaining ingredients required to make the food product such that the composition is ready to be processed, i.e. aerated, to form an aerated food product of the invention.
  • Dry compositions for producing an aerated food product of the invention will also comprise other ingredients, in addition to the Ganoderma lucidium extract, which are normally included in the food product, e.g. sugar, fat, emulsifiers, flavourings etc.
  • compositions may include all of the remaining non-liquid ingredients required to make the food product such that all that the user need only add an aqueous liquid, such as water or milk, and the composition is ready to be processed to form an aerated food product of the invention.
  • aqueous liquid such as water or milk
  • These dry compositions examples of which include powders and granules, can be designed for both industrial and retail use, and benefit from reduced bulk and longer shelf life.
  • the Ganoderma lucidium extract is added in a form and in an amount such that it is available to stabilise the air phase.
  • added we mean that the Ganoderma lucidium extract is deliberately introduced into the food product for the purpose of taking advantage of its foam stabilising properties. Consequently, where food ingredients are present or added that contain fungal contaminants, which may contain Ganoderma lucidium or its extract, this does not constitute adding Ganoderma lucidium extract within the context of the present invention.
  • the Ganoderma lucidium extract is added to the food product in a form such it is capable of self-assembly at an air-liquid surface.
  • the Ganoderma lucidium extract is added to the food product or compositions of the invention in an isolated form, typically at least partially purified, such as at least 10% pure, based on weight of solids.
  • an isolated form we mean that the Ganoderma lucidium extract is not added as part of a naturally- occurring organism, such as a mushroom, which may naturally contain native components of the Ganoderma lucidium extract. Instead, the Ganoderma lucidium extract will have been specifically extracted from the mushroom.
  • the Ganoderma lucidium extract is added to the aerated food product or compositions of the invention in an isolated form, typically at least partially purified.
  • the added Ganoderma lucidium extract can be used to stabilise the air phase in an aerated food product, generally by inhibiting bubble coarsening, i.e. Ganoderma lucidium extract or extracts has or have been found not only to stabilise foam volume but also the size of the bubbles within the foam.
  • Figure 1 shows Mastersizer plots showing the particle size distribution for the fat droplets in the emulsions of the pea control, and the tested mushroom extracts.
  • the mushrooms tested are provided in Table 1 .
  • the mushrooms are all edible, cultivated species available to purchase from outlets such as markets or grocery shops (especially in South and East Asia). Some are commonly used as culinary ingredients, whilst others are generally used medicinally (e.g the Ganoderma species). Mushrooms were sourced by researchers for the Royal Botanical Gardens at Kew, their identity was confirmed by DNA sequence analysis.
  • Mushroom extracts were prepared as follows:
  • Tris-glycine buffer (3 g Trizma, 14.4 g glycine, 1 L deionized water, pH 8.3.) was added to rehydrate the ground mushroom.
  • Soluble material was clarified by centrifugation, at 12500g, for 40 minutes, at 4°C.
  • Soluble extracts were salted out using saturated ammonium sulphate.
  • Dialysed material was freeze dried to provide the mushroom extract.
  • Mushroom extracts were re-constituted at a concentration of 10mg per ml (1 % w/v).
  • the solvent used was either Milli Q water or MOPS buffer (25mM, pH7.5). Samples were allowed to rehydrate at room temperature for 40 mins, followed by 30 mins heating at 70°C. Following centrifugation at 4,000g for 10 mins the supernatants were filtered through 0.22 urn syringe filters.
  • the total protein content in the re-constituted samples was measured using the Pierce BCA protein assay (Life Technologies, 23227) according to instructions. A standard curve was run with every assay, and the standard protein was Bovine Serum Albumin (supplied with the assay kit). Samples were diluted 1 in 10 for assay.
  • Emulsion droplet size assessment The fat droplet size of the emulsions was assessed by static light scattering using a Mastersizer (Malvern Instruments). The instrument was set to determine particles as coconut oil and the dispersant as water. Emulsions were dropped into the sample cell until sufficient sample was added to give 10-20% obscuration. The sample stirrer was set at 2000rpm, and 3 consecutive measurements were taken for each sample and mean data derived from these.
  • the fat droplet size of the emulsions was assessed when the samples were freshly made, after 24 hours and after 1 , 2 and 3 weeks. Emulsions were stored at room temperature, and sodium azide was added to 0.02% as an anti-microbial agent.
  • the PAT-1 tensiometer implements a feature allowing for an accurate control of the bubble interfacial area with the possibility of either keeping it constant (kinetics study of surface active species adsorbed at constant interfacial area) or varying it during the measurement according to predetermined patterns.
  • the latter feature is utilised in the oscillating bubble method for the measurement of the dilational viscoelasticity.
  • purely harmonic oscillations with small amplitude and frequency of the bubble interfacial area are imposed while the surface tension response is measured. From the amplitude of the two signals and the phase shift between them, the elastic and viscous components of dilational viscoelasticity are calculated by standard Fourier analysis techniques.
  • the surface elastic modulus is presented here, which was the dominant component.
  • the mushroom samples (all at a concentration of 10 mg/ml of the freeze-dried extracts) were heated to 70°C during the re-constitution to help inactivate enzymes and solubilise the dried material. This is a harsh treatment for proteins but any protein sample used in ice cream processing would be exposed to these temperatures during pasteurisation, and therefore the properties of the sample after heat treatment are relevant.
  • the mushroom samples were all initially soluble extracts (prior to freeze drying), none of them fully resolubilised and the remaining insoluble material was removed by centrifugation.
  • the measured protein content (BCA assay) was in all cases much lower than 10mg/ml (the amount of powder weighed out), and ranged from about 2-5mg/ml.
  • the amount of protein measured after reconstitution in water or buffer was compared for all samples, and was routinely higher in the buffer solubilised samples. The reverse situation was true for the pea control, where very little protein solubilised into the buffer.
  • Emulsions were prepared from all the mushroom samples (except BI24801 , as there was insufficient sample). The emulsions were made in three separate batches, and a pea control was carried out alongside each batch. The pH of the emulsions was fixed to be in the neutral region, as this is closer to the pH values of regular dairy ice cream than the low natural pH values of the mushroom extracts. Fixing the pH also provided some consistency of the test conditions from sample to sample. Therefore the samples were re-constituted in buffer at pH 7.5, and in all cases the actual pH of the solution was in the region of pH 7-7.4. The emulsification was achieved by ultrasound, using a Branson Sonicator. Fat droplet size was measured immediately after emulsification, and then at various times up to 3 weeks afterwards to assess stability.
  • Table 3 Stability of emulsions prepared using pea (control) and mushroom extracts.
  • the extracts of BI24389 Volvariella volvacea
  • BI24395 Hyspatys marrcus
  • BI24800 Gaderma lucidium
  • the two samples selected for interfacial property measurements were BI24389 and BI24395. Both formed good, stable emulsions, but had some different physical properties. For example, in 25mM MOPS at ⁇ pH7.5 the zeta potential of BI24389 was in the region of -30mV while for 395 it was closer to -8mV. BI24395 was the most surface active of the two mushroom samples, giving a surface tension at the air-water interface of 40mN/m after 2 hours, compared to 55mN/m for the BI24389.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Mycology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Nutrition Science (AREA)
  • Confectionery (AREA)
  • Coloring Foods And Improving Nutritive Qualities (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un produit alimentaire aéré qui comprend un extrait de Ganoderma lucidium. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un extrait de Ganoderma lucidium dans un procédé d'inhibition du grossissement des bulles dans des produits alimentaires aérés.
PCT/EP2017/079691 2016-12-13 2017-11-17 Produits alimentaires aérés WO2018108453A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16203794.9 2016-12-13
EP16203794 2016-12-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018108453A1 true WO2018108453A1 (fr) 2018-06-21

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0191757A (ja) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-11 Nissan Chem Ind Ltd 霊芝含有粒剤
JPH11221069A (ja) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-17 Kunihide Inoue ビール・発泡酒の製造法
CN1546525A (zh) * 2003-12-08 2004-11-17 江南大学 一种蛋白酶a抑制剂的提取方法及应用
US20060024417A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 Conopco Inc., D/B/A Unilever Aerated food products
US20120135127A1 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-31 Sheng Chun Tang Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispersion having particles of ganoderma lucidum
CN103141602A (zh) * 2011-12-07 2013-06-12 易华 灵芝袋泡茶
JP2013227270A (ja) * 2012-03-30 2013-11-07 Toyo Shinyaku Co Ltd 発泡性皮膚外用剤

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0191757A (ja) * 1987-10-02 1989-04-11 Nissan Chem Ind Ltd 霊芝含有粒剤
JPH11221069A (ja) * 1998-02-04 1999-08-17 Kunihide Inoue ビール・発泡酒の製造法
CN1546525A (zh) * 2003-12-08 2004-11-17 江南大学 一种蛋白酶a抑制剂的提取方法及应用
US20060024417A1 (en) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-02 Conopco Inc., D/B/A Unilever Aerated food products
US20120135127A1 (en) * 2010-11-29 2012-05-31 Sheng Chun Tang Pharmaceutical Industrial Co., Ltd. Dispersion having particles of ganoderma lucidum
CN103141602A (zh) * 2011-12-07 2013-06-12 易华 灵芝袋泡茶
JP2013227270A (ja) * 2012-03-30 2013-11-07 Toyo Shinyaku Co Ltd 発泡性皮膚外用剤

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
ARBUCKLE: "Ice Cream, 4th Edition,", 1986, VAN NOSTRAND REINHOLD COMPANY
PAUL CUTLER,: "Methods in Molecular Biology 2nd Edition,", vol. 244, HUMANA PRESS INC, article "Protein Purification Protocols"
PAUL D. BRIDGE; TETSUO KOKUBUN; MONIQUE S. J. SIMMONDS: "Protein Extraction from Fungi", .

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