WO2018099096A1 - 一种罐车 - Google Patents

一种罐车 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018099096A1
WO2018099096A1 PCT/CN2017/093692 CN2017093692W WO2018099096A1 WO 2018099096 A1 WO2018099096 A1 WO 2018099096A1 CN 2017093692 W CN2017093692 W CN 2017093692W WO 2018099096 A1 WO2018099096 A1 WO 2018099096A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
fixed
sliding
cover
inner container
storage tank
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2017/093692
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吕长乐
何远新
李永莉
杨清义
王宝磊
姜强俊
刘凤伟
汤楚强
熊珍艳
黄圣
徐卫国
吴其
曾咏奎
黄政贤
杨帅
Original Assignee
中车长江车辆有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from CN201621313885.1U external-priority patent/CN206797396U/zh
Priority claimed from CN201611099576.3A external-priority patent/CN106494423B/zh
Application filed by 中车长江车辆有限公司 filed Critical 中车长江车辆有限公司
Priority to EA201991230A priority Critical patent/EA037857B1/ru
Priority to AU2017370006A priority patent/AU2017370006B2/en
Publication of WO2018099096A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018099096A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D5/00—Tank wagons for carrying fluent materials
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D5/00—Tank wagons for carrying fluent materials
    • B61D5/06—Mounting of tanks; Integral bodies and frames

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of refrigerated liquefied gas, in particular to a tank car.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • Transportation of LNG includes four methods: pipeline transportation, ship transportation, road transportation and railway transportation. Since LNG is a flammable and explosive dangerous goods, from the perspective of safety, only a very small number of countries in the world have adopted railway transportation of LNG, and China has not yet achieved LNG rail transportation.
  • the present invention provides a tanker, which solves the technical problem that the prior art adopts the existing road transportation with high transportation cost, short transportation distance, low safety, and can not meet the market demand.
  • the application provides a tanker comprising:
  • a bolster device disposed on the bogie, the bolster device including two bolsters respectively fixed at two ends of the storage tank, each of the two bolsters comprising a traction beam, a beam, and a pillow Beam, end beam and side beam;
  • a brake device disposed on the bogie and fixing the pillow device and the storage tank;
  • the beam, the bolster and the end beam are juxtaposedly fixed to the traction beam, one end of the measuring beam is fixed on the end beam, and the other end is fixed on the bolster, An end of the storage tank is supported on the bolster and the beam;
  • the storage tank includes a cylinder, an inner container disposed in the cylinder, a heat insulating layer disposed between the inner container and the cylinder, and a supporting device.
  • the cylinder comprises a left outer casing cylinder, a right outer casing cylinder and two outer casing sealing heads, and the left outer casing cylinder and the right outer casing cylinder are fixedly connected to form a sleeve, and the two outer casings are sealed
  • the heads are respectively fixed to opposite ends of the sleeve.
  • the inner container further comprises an inner reinforcing ring fixed on the inner surface of the inner container, a anti-rolling anti-vortex plate fixed in the inner container, a receiving chamber fixed on the inner container and fixed on the outer tube a cryosorbent cartridge on the inner container closure.
  • the tanker further comprises: a monitoring system, the monitoring system comprising a data acquisition system, a data monitoring system and a data transmission bus, wherein the data acquisition system collects parameters in the storage tank and passes the data The transmission bus is transmitted to the data monitoring system.
  • a monitoring system comprising a data acquisition system, a data monitoring system and a data transmission bus, wherein the data acquisition system collects parameters in the storage tank and passes the data The transmission bus is transmitted to the data monitoring system.
  • the supporting device comprises a fixed supporting device and two sliding supporting devices;
  • the fixed support device and the two sliding support devices are in contact with the inner container at one end, and the other end is fixed on the cylindrical body;
  • the fixed supporting device is disposed at a middle portion of the cylindrical body, and the fixed supporting device comprises four fixed supporting mechanisms fixed on a circumference of the cylindrical body;
  • the two sliding support devices are respectively located on opposite sides of the fixed support device and are located at two ends of the cylindrical body, and each of the two sliding support devices comprises a fixed body Four sliding support mechanisms on the circumference.
  • an angle between two fixed support mechanisms of the upper part of the four fixed support mechanisms is 90 ⁇ 10 degrees, and an angle between two fixed support mechanisms of the lower middle of the four fixed support mechanisms is 60 ⁇ 10 degrees.
  • the angle between the two sliding support mechanisms of the upper part of the four sliding support mechanisms is 90 ⁇ 10 degrees, and the angle between the two sliding support mechanisms of the lower middle of the four sliding support mechanisms is 60 ⁇ 10 degrees.
  • the fixed support mechanism comprises a fixed glass reinforced plastic, a fixed cover, a fixed reinforcing plate, a plurality of fixed reinforcing ribs and a fixing seat;
  • a fixed cover through hole is defined in the cylinder, the fixed reinforcing plate is fixed on a surface of the cylindrical body, and the fixed reinforcing plate is provided with a fixed cover through hole corresponding to the fixed cover through hole.
  • the fixing cover is fixed in the fixed cover through hole and the fixed cover through hole, and the plurality of fixed reinforcing ribs are fixed to the fixed reinforcing plate at one end and fixed to the fixed cover at the other end to form Triangular support structure;
  • the fixing seat is fixed on the outer surface of the inner container at a position opposite to the fixed cover through hole, and one end of the fixed glass fiber reinforced plastic is fixed in the fixed cover and the other end is fixed on the fixed seat.
  • the plurality of fixed reinforcing plates are stacked on a surface of the cylindrical body, and a size of the fixed reinforcing plate near a surface of the cylindrical body is larger than a distance from the cylindrical body.
  • the surface of the fixed reinforcing plate is sized.
  • the sliding support mechanism comprises a sliding cover, a sliding glass reinforced plastic, a sliding reinforcing plate, a plurality of sliding reinforcing ribs and a sliding reinforcing block;
  • the sliding reinforcing plate is fixed on the surface of the cylindrical body, and the sliding body is provided with a sliding cover through hole, and the sliding reinforcing plate is provided with a sliding cover perforation corresponding to the sliding cover through hole
  • the sliding cover is fixed in the sliding cover through hole and the sliding cover through hole;
  • One end of the plurality of sliding reinforcing ribs is fixed on the sliding reinforcing plate, and the other end is fixed on the sliding cover to form a triangular supporting structure;
  • the sliding reinforcing block is fixed on the outer surface of the inner container a position opposite to the sliding cover through hole;
  • One end of the sliding glass reinforced plastic is supported on the sliding enclosure, and the other end is slidably supported on the sliding reinforcement block.
  • a bogie device including a traction beam, a beam, a bolster, an end beam and a side sill by providing a bogie, a storage tank, and a bolster device, a brake device and a bolster device fixed to the bogie
  • the tanker at one end of the storage tank enables the refrigerated liquefied gas to be transported by rail, reduces the transportation cost of the refrigerated liquefied gas, realizes a long transportation distance, and has high safety, and solves the existing road transportation cost of the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a tank car according to a preferred embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural view of a pillow device of the tank car of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural view of the tank of the tank car of Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing the structure of the cylinder of the tank of the tank car of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a schematic structural view of the inner container of the tank of the tank car of Figure 3;
  • Figure 6 is a schematic structural view of the safety system of the tanker of Figure 1;
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic structural view of the monitoring system of the tanker of Figure 1;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tank of the tanker of Figure 1;
  • Figure 9 is an enlarged view of the fixed support mechanism of the support device of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a plan view of the fixed support mechanism of the support device of Figure 1;
  • Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of the tank of the tanker of Figure 1;
  • Figure 12 is an enlarged view of the sliding support mechanism of the supporting device of Figure 11;
  • Figure 13 is a top plan view of the sliding support mechanism of the support device of Figure 1.
  • the embodiment of the present application solves the technical problem that the prior art adopts the existing high road transportation cost, short transportation distance, low safety, and can not meet the market demand by providing a tank car.
  • the transportation cost of the refrigerated liquefied gas is long and the safety is high, which solves the technical problem that the prior art adopts the existing high road transportation cost, short transportation distance, low safety, and can not meet the market demand.
  • the present application provides a tanker.
  • the tanker comprises: a coupler buffer device 1, a hand brake device 2, a bogie 3, two pillow devices 4, a storage tank 5, a wind brake device 6, a pipeline safety system 7, and a monitoring system.
  • the pillow device 4, the air brake device 6, and the manual brake device 2 are fixed to the bogie 3.
  • the pillow device 4 is disposed on the bogie (not shown).
  • the pillow device includes two pillows that are respectively fixed to both ends of the storage tank.
  • the pillow is an all-steel welded structure, and the main material is selected from Q450NQR1 high-strength weather-resistant steel.
  • Each of the two pillows includes a traction beam 4B, a secondary saddle 4A, and a main saddle 4C.
  • the secondary saddle 4A and the main saddle 4C are juxtaposedly fixed to the traction beam 4B for supporting
  • the arc of the main saddle 4C is larger than the curvature of the sub saddle 4A, and the two sub saddles 4A are located between the two main saddles 4C.
  • the main saddle 4C has a large structure and serves as a main support.
  • the sub saddle 4A has a small structural size and serves as an auxiliary support.
  • the two sub saddles 4A and the two main saddles 4C are not limited to the upper In the positional relationship, two of the sub saddles 4A may be located outside the two main saddles 4C, or the sub saddles 4A and the main saddles 4C may be spaced apart.
  • the arcs of the sub saddle 4A and the main saddle 4C may also be equal, and may be specifically set as needed.
  • the size layout is determined according to the length-to-diameter ratio of the tank. To ensure the effective effect of the head on the cylinder, the distance A from the center of the saddle to the tangent of the head arc should not be greater than half of the diameter R of the cylinder (ie A ⁇ 0.5R).
  • a pad is disposed between the auxiliary saddle 4A and the main saddle 4C and the storage tank 401.
  • the thickness of the pad is not less than 0.6 times the thickness of the cylinder of the storage tank 401.
  • the pad and the tank 401 should be closely attached, and the pad should be opened when the pad area is large.
  • the wrap angle of the sub saddle 4A and the main saddle 4C should not be less than 120° under normal conditions.
  • the pillow further includes an end beam 4E and a side sill 4D.
  • the sub saddle 4A, the main saddle 4C, and the end beam 4E are juxtaposedly fixed to the traction beam 4B.
  • One end of the measuring beam 4D is fixed to the end beam 4E, and the other end is fixed to the main saddle 4C.
  • the main saddle 4C serves as the saddle of the storage tank
  • the cross member 4E serves as the saddle 2 of the storage tank, that is, one end of the storage tank is simultaneously supported on the two saddles, and the other end is simultaneously supported on the two saddles. on.
  • the tank of the tanker and the reclining device of the present application is supported by two pillows which are provided with the auxiliary saddle 4A and the main saddle 4C at the same time, that is, through the support of four saddles, and the number of the saddles can be effectively reduced on the one hand.
  • the vertical load of each saddle at the same time, because the saddle arrangement is relatively dispersed, the load distribution is more uniform, for horizontal containers with large aspect ratio (L/D) and thin wall thickness, by adjusting the main
  • the distance between the auxiliary saddles not only ensures that the head can effectively strengthen the cylinder, but also avoids the problem that the cylinder body is seriously deformed and the stress is too large due to the excessive span of the support, thus solving the existing problem.
  • the technical problem of severe deformation and excessive stress of the cylinder is caused by the excessive span of the support.
  • the storage tank 5 includes a cylinder 20, an inner container 30 disposed in the cylinder 20, a heat insulating layer 5B and a support disposed between the inner container 30 and the cylinder 20. Device.
  • the cylinder 20 includes a left outer casing cylinder A5, a right outer casing cylinder A9, two outer casing heads A2, a vacuum explosion-proof device A1, a normal temperature adsorbent cartridge A10, a reinforcing ring A8, and a pillow upper cover A4. And operating box A6.
  • the main material steel plate of the cylindrical body 20 is 16MnDR
  • the main material forging material is 16MnDIII grade forged steel.
  • the left outer casing cylinder A5 and the right outer casing cylinder A9 are fixedly connected to form a sleeve, and the two outer casing heads A2 are respectively fixed at opposite ends of the sleeve to form a sealed space.
  • the vacuum explosion-proof device A1 and the room temperature adsorbent cartridge A10 are fixed to the two outer casing seals A2.
  • the reinforcing ring is disposed on an inner surface of the sleeve for increasing the strength of the sleeve.
  • the pillow top cover A4 is fixed to the sleeve to facilitate fixing the cylinder 20 to the pillow device 4.
  • the operation box A6 is fixed on the sleeve, and the operation box A6 is located at the bottom position of the bottom of the barrel 20 for protecting the loading and unloading pipelines, safety and monitoring facilities, and the two sides of the box during loading and unloading of LNG and maintenance.
  • the door can be opened.
  • the inner container 30 includes an inner container cylinder C3, an inner container head C1 fixed at both ends of the inner container cylinder C3, and an inner reinforcement fixed on the inner surface of the inner container cylinder C3. a ring C7, a brush anti-vortex plate C4 fixed in the inner container cylinder C3, a take-up chamber C6 fixed to the inner container cylinder C3, and a low-temperature adsorbent fixed on the inner container head C1 Box C8.
  • the inner steel plate of the inner container 30 is 06Cr19Ni10 stainless steel, and the main material forging is 06Cr19Ni10III stainless steel.
  • the heat insulating layer 5B is a heat insulating material wrapped on the outer surface of the inner container 30, and the heat insulating material is formed by compounding, cutting, sewing, and customized according to the shape and size of the product.
  • the inner and outer can support member is a hollow cylindrical tubular structure processed from an epoxy glass reinforced plastic material, and each support specification is different according to the installation site and the bearing form.
  • the pipeline safety 7 includes a vacuuming and measuring device 7A, a gas phase pipeline 7B, a loading and unloading pipeline 7C, a pressurized pipeline 7D, a differential pressure pipeline 7E, an overflow pipeline 7F, and an emergency control. Line 7G.
  • the pipeline safety system 7 is fixed in the lower middle operating tank of the tank.
  • the vacuuming device and the vacuum measuring device 7A are used for maintaining and detecting the degree of vacuum of the interlayer;
  • the gas phase line 7B is used for stabilizing the gas phase space pressure at the top of the storage tank to ensure the safety of the storage tank;
  • the loading and unloading pipeline 7C is used for the storage tank Loading and unloading the refrigerated liquefied gas;
  • the pressurizing line 7D is used for maintaining a positive pressure accelerating discharge inside the storage tank;
  • the differential pressure line 7E is for detecting the tank filling height;
  • the overflow line 7F is for avoiding The tank is over-loaded;
  • the emergency control line 7G is used for safety protection in case of abnormal conditions.
  • the loading and unloading line 7C includes a liquid phase interface, a bottom inlet valve, an emergency shut-off valve, a top inlet valve, a check valve, and a line.
  • the pressurized line 7D includes an emergency shut-off valve, a booster liquid phase valve, and a booster liquid phase interface.
  • the gas phase line 7B includes a gas phase port, a gas discharge valve, an emergency shut-off valve, an overpressure discharge valve, a combined safety valve, and a flame arrester.
  • the differential pressure line 7E includes a gas phase tube, a liquid phase tube, a pressure gauge, a level gauge, and a balancing valve.
  • the overflow line includes an overflow pipe and a shutoff valve.
  • the vacuuming and measuring device includes a vacuuming valve, a vacuum isolation valve, and a vacuum gauge.
  • the emergency control line includes a storage cylinder, a pressure reducing filter, and an air tube.
  • the monitoring system 8 is used to monitor the medium pressure, the liquid level state, the loading and unloading pipelines, and the valve leakage conditions in the storage tank 5 during the operation of the vehicle.
  • the monitoring system 8 includes a data acquisition system 8B, a data monitoring system 8C, and a data transmission bus 8A for connecting the data collection system 8B and the data monitoring system 8C, wherein the data monitoring system 8C is usually installed in the escort room.
  • the data acquisition system 8B is configured to collect parameters in the storage tank 5 and pass the data transmission bus 8A. It is transmitted to the data monitoring system 8C to facilitate real-time understanding of the medium pressure, the liquid level state, the loading and unloading lines, and the valve leakage conditions in the storage tank 5.
  • the wind brake device 6 is disposed on the bogie and fixes the pillow device and the storage tank.
  • the wind brake device 6 comprises a 120-type control valve, a 203 mm ⁇ 254 mm integral spinning sealed brake cylinder, an ST2-250 type two-way brake shoe gap automatic adjuster, a KZW-A type empty and heavy truck automatic adjusting device, and 60 liters.
  • the hand brake device 2 employs an NSW type hand brake.
  • the coupler cushioning device 1 adopts a 17-type E-class steel coupler with a reinforced knuckle, forged a hook frame, an MT-2, HM-1 or HN-1 type buffer or a new type of damper.
  • a nylon wear plate is mounted on the coupler support, the hook frame and the hook pin support.
  • the bogie 3 adopts a rotary K5 or a K6 type bogie. Since the coupler buffer device 1, the hand brake device, the bogie 3, and the wind brake device 6 are common configurations and structures of the Chinese railway truck, they will not be described in detail herein.
  • the support device includes a fixed support device 41 and two sliding support devices 42.
  • the fixed support device 41 is disposed at a middle portion of the cylindrical body 20, and the two sliding support devices 42 are respectively located at opposite sides of the fixed support device 41 and are located at two ends of the cylindrical body 20.
  • the fixed support device 41 and the sliding support device 42 are in contact with the inner container 30 at one end, and the other end is fixed on the cylindrical body 20 for transmitting various loads between the inner container 30 and the cylinder 20 to close the interlayer space. Achieve the function of effectively blocking the thermal bridge.
  • the fixed support device 41 includes four fixed support mechanisms 411 that are fixed to the circumference of the barrel 20.
  • the angle between the two fixed support mechanisms 411 in the upper part of the four fixed support mechanisms 411 is 90 ⁇ 10 degrees, and the angle between the two fixed support mechanisms 411 in the lower middle of the four fixed support mechanisms 411 It is 60 ⁇ 10 degrees.
  • the number of the fixed support mechanisms 411 is four, and is disposed on the cylinder. On the circumference of 20.
  • the fixed support mechanism 411 includes a fixed glass fiber reinforced plastic 14 , a fixed cover 11 , a fixed reinforcing plate 12 , a plurality of fixed reinforcing ribs 13 , a fixed seat 15 , and a fixed reinforcing block 16 .
  • the fixing reinforcing plate 12 is fixed to the surface of the cylindrical body 20 for increasing the strength of the cylindrical body 20. Specifically, the fixed reinforcing plate 12 is welded to the surface of the cylindrical body 20.
  • the fixed reinforcing plate 12 may be plural. When the number of the fixed reinforcing plates 12 is plural, the fixed reinforcing plate 12 is stacked on the surface of the cylindrical body 20 and adjacent to the cylindrical body 20 . The size of the fixed reinforcing plate 12 of the surface is larger than the size of the fixed reinforcing plate 12 away from the surface of the cylindrical body 20.
  • the number of the fixed reinforcing plates 12 is two, specifically, the first fixed reinforcing plate and the second fixed reinforcing plate, and the first fixed reinforcing plate is disposed on the second fixed reinforcing plate and the Between the cylinders 20, the size of the second fixed reinforcing plate is smaller than the size of the first fixed reinforcing plate.
  • the fixing reinforcing plate 12 may be circular, elliptical, rectangular or other shapes. Specifically, the steel plate may be rolled into a circular arc shape according to the diameter of the outer casing to ensure close contact with the outer casing.
  • a fixed cover through hole 21 is defined in the tubular body 20, and a fixed cover through hole corresponding to the fixed cover through hole 21 is defined in the fixed reinforcing plate 12.
  • the fixed enclosure 11 is fixed in the fixed enclosure through hole 21 and the fixed enclosure through hole for fixing the fixed enclosure through hole 21 .
  • the fixed enclosure 11 is welded to the fixed reinforcing plate 12 and the cylindrical body 20.
  • the fixed enclosure 11 may specifically be a cylindrical tubular structure, and the one end seal is cup-shaped, and may be rolled by a steel plate and then welded with a circular bottom plate, or a forged piece may be directly used. Further, in the present embodiment, the height h of the fixed cover 11 away from the end of the cylindrical body 20 to the cylindrical body 20 is 120 mm to 140 mm (mm).
  • One end of the plurality of fixed reinforcing ribs 13 is fixed on the fixed reinforcing plate 12, and the other end is fixed on one end of the fixed covering 11 away from the cylindrical body 20 to form a triangular supporting structure, and the fixed fixing cover is added and fixed.
  • the fixing rib 13 is a groove-shaped pressing piece or a forging piece, and can be fixed to the fixing reinforcing plate 12 and the fixed sealing cover 11 by welding. The use of a plurality of fixed ribs 13 not only meets the strength requirements, but also saves material and reduces weight.
  • the fixing reinforcement block 16 is fixed to a position on the outer surface of the inner container 30 opposite to the fixed cover through hole 21, specifically, the fixed reinforcing plate 16 is welded to the inner container 30 to increase the The strength of the inner container 30.
  • the fixed reinforcing blocks 16 may be one or more, and may be specifically set as needed. When the strength of the inner container 30 is sufficient, the fixed reinforcement block 16 may not be provided.
  • the fixing base 15 is fixed to the fixed reinforcing block 16, and when the fixed reinforcement block 16 is not disposed on the inner container 30,
  • the fixing base 15 may be directly fixed to a position on the outer surface of the inner container 30 opposite to the fixed cover through hole 21.
  • One end of the fixed FRP 14 is fixed in the fixed enclosure 11 and the other end is fixed on the fixing base 15 to fix the cylinder 20 and the inner container 30 relatively.
  • the above fixed support mechanism strengthens the fixed cover 11 by providing a combination reinforcement manner of the fixed reinforcing plate 12 and the fixed reinforcing rib 13, thereby ensuring that the fixed cover device has sufficient strength to withstand various loads and has a simple structure.
  • the lighter self-weight solves the technical problem that the prior art is strengthened by the reinforcing plate, and when the volume of the tank is large and the loading medium is large, there is insufficient technical strength.
  • each of the two sliding support devices 42 includes four sliding support mechanisms 420 fixed to the circumference of the cylindrical body 20, and the upper portions of the four sliding support mechanisms 420
  • the angle between the two sliding support mechanisms 420 is 90 ⁇ 10 degrees
  • the angle between the two sliding support mechanisms 420 in the lower middle of the four sliding support mechanisms 420 is 60 ⁇ 10 degrees.
  • the number of the sliding support mechanisms 420 is eight, and is divided into two groups, which are respectively located at two ends of the cylindrical body 20 and are respectively disposed on the circumference of the cylindrical body 20.
  • the sliding support mechanism 420 includes a sliding cover 421, a sliding glass reinforced plastic 422, a sliding reinforcing plate 423, a plurality of sliding reinforcing ribs 424, and a sliding reinforcing block 425.
  • the sliding reinforcing plate 423 is fixed to the surface of the cylindrical body 20 for increasing the strength of the cylindrical body 20. Specifically, the sliding reinforcing plate 423 is welded to the surface of the cylindrical body 20. The number of the sliding reinforcing plates 423 may be one or plural.
  • a sliding cover through hole 426 is defined in the tubular body 20, and the sliding reinforcing plate 423 is provided with a sliding cover through hole corresponding to the sliding cover through hole.
  • the sliding enclosure 421 is secured within the sliding enclosure through bore 426 and the sliding enclosure bore.
  • the sliding cover 421 is welded to the sliding reinforcing plate 423 and the cylindrical body 20.
  • the sliding cover 421 may specifically be a cylindrical tubular structure, and the sealing at one end is in the shape of a cup.
  • the steel plate may be rolled and then welded to the circular bottom plate, or the forged piece may be directly used. Further, in the present embodiment, the height h of the sliding cover 421 away from the end of the cylindrical body 20 to the cylindrical body 20 is 120 mm to 140 mm (mm).
  • One end of the plurality of sliding reinforcing ribs 424 is fixed on the sliding reinforcing plate 423, and the other end is fixed to an end of the sliding cover 421 away from the cylindrical body 20 to form a triangular supporting structure, and the sliding is increased.
  • the number of the sliding reinforcing ribs 424 is four.
  • the sliding reinforcing rib 424 is a groove-shaped pressing piece or a forging piece, and is fixed to the sliding reinforcing plate 423 and the sliding cover 421 by welding. The use of a plurality of sliding ribs 424 not only meets the strength requirements, but also saves material and reduces weight.
  • the sliding reinforcement block 425 is fixed on the outer surface of the inner container 30 at a position opposite to the sliding cover through hole 426. Specifically, the sliding reinforcing plate 425 is welded to the inner container 30, To increase the strength of the inner container 30.
  • the sliding reinforcement block 425 may be one or more, and may be specifically set as needed. When the strength of the inner container 30 is sufficient, the sliding reinforcement block 425 may not be provided.
  • the sliding reinforcing plates 425 are superposed on the outer surface of the inner container 30, and the size of the sliding reinforcing plates 425 near the surface of the inner container 30 is larger than The size of the sliding reinforcing plate 425 away from the surface of the inner container 30.
  • the number of the sliding reinforcing plates 425 is two, specifically a first sliding reinforcing plate and a second sliding reinforcing plate, and the first sliding reinforcing plate is disposed on the second sliding reinforcing plate and the Between the inner container 30, the size of the second sliding reinforcing plate is smaller than the size of the first sliding reinforcing plate.
  • the sliding reinforcing plate 425 may be circular, elliptical, rectangular or other shapes. Specifically, the steel plate may be rolled into a circular arc shape according to the diameter of the outer casing to ensure close contact with the outer casing.
  • the sliding glass reinforced plastic 422 has one end of the sliding cover 421 and the other end of which is slidably supported by the sliding reinforcement block 425.
  • the other end of the sliding glass reinforced plastic 422 is directly supported on the outer surface of the inner container 30.
  • the sliding support mechanism strengthens the sliding cover by providing a combination strengthening manner of the sliding reinforcing plate 423 and the sliding reinforcing rib 424, thereby ensuring that the sliding sealing device has sufficient strength to withstand various loads and has a simple structure.
  • the lighter self-weight solves the technical problem that the prior art is strengthened by the reinforcing plate, and when the volume of the tank is large and the loading medium is large, there is insufficient technical strength.
  • the support device comprises a fixed support device comprising four fixed support mechanisms and two sliding support devices respectively located on opposite sides of the fixed support device, each of the two sliding support devices comprising four fixed supports a mechanism, thereby constituting a 12-point support device, the fixed support device being disposed in a middle portion of the cylinder, and two sliding support devices supported on the cylinder
  • the tank is ensured to have sufficient strength to withstand various loads, and the deflection of the tank can be reduced, which solves the problem that the prior art has a large distance between the fixed end and the sliding end of the FRP support device, resulting in increased deflection and easy tank body.
  • the instability occurs and the volume of the tank is large, and there are many loading media, there is a technical problem of insufficient strength.
  • the main technical parameters of the tanker in the example are as follows:
  • the loading capacity of the tanker is equal to 45 tons.
  • the experimental data shows that the tanker has doubled its bicycle running capacity compared with the existing road tanker; in addition, the maximum operating speed is 120 km/h.
  • the transportation cost of LNG road is about 0.9 yuan / ton-km
  • the transportation cost of LNG railway tank container is about 0.45 yuan / ton-km. If tanker transportation is used, the cost can be reduced to 0.35 yuan / ton-km. Reduced transportation costs.
  • a bogie device including a traction beam, a beam, a bolster, an end beam and a side sill by providing a bogie, a storage tank, and a bolster device, a brake device and a bolster device fixed to the bogie
  • the tanker at one end of the storage tank enables the refrigerated liquefied gas to be transported by rail, reduces the transportation cost of the refrigerated liquefied gas, realizes a long transportation distance, and has high safety, and solves the existing road transportation cost of the prior art.
  • the tanker is also provided with a monitoring system 8 for monitoring the medium pressure, liquid level state, loading and unloading pipelines and valve leakage conditions of the tanker, so as to facilitate real-time understanding of the tanker dynamics.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

一种罐车，包括：转向架（3）；储罐（5）；管路安全系统（7），该管路安全系统与储罐连接；牵枕装置（4），该牵枕装置设置于转向架上，牵枕装置包括分别固定于储罐的两端的两个牵枕，各牵枕包括牵引梁、横梁、枕梁、端梁和侧梁；以及制动装置（6、2），该制动装置设置于转向架上，并固定牵枕装置和储罐上；其中，横梁、枕梁、端梁并列固定于牵引梁上，侧梁的一端固定于端梁上，另一端固定于枕梁上，储罐的端部被支撑于枕梁和横梁上；储罐包括筒体、设置于筒体内的内容器、设置于内容器与筒体之间的绝热层和支撑装置。通过该罐车，冷冻液化气体能够通过铁路进行运输，从而降低了冷冻液化气体的运输成本，实现运距长，安全度高。

Description

一种罐车 技术领域
本发明涉及冷冻液化气技术领域，尤其涉及一种罐车。
背景技术
LNG(liquefiednaturalgas，液化天然气)是由天然气经除杂质处理后在常压下深冷到－162℃液化形成的低温液体。LNG的运输包括管道输送、船舶运输、公路运输和铁路运输四种方式。由于LNG属易燃易爆危险品，从安全角度考虑，世界上仅极少数国家采用铁路运输LNG，我国到目前为止尚未实现LNG铁路运输。
我国天然气产地主要分布在西北地区，需求则集中在东南沿海城市，由于LNG输送管网建设成本高，周期长，国内生产的LNG主要通过公路汽车或罐式集装箱运输，进口LNG则通过海上船舶运输。据测算，在我国采用铁路运输LNG的成本约公路运输成本的1/3，而且铁路运输具有运能大、运距长和安全可靠的优点。因此，LNG铁路运输具有显著的成本优势，在现有公路运输不能适应市场需求的情况下，因此利用既有铁路网络运输LNG是一个高效率、低成本的选择。
发明内容
本申请提供一种罐车，解决了现有技术采用现有公路运输成本高、运距短、且安全度低，不能适应市场需求的情况的技术问题。
本申请提供一种罐车，所述罐车包括：
转向架；
储罐；
管路安全系统，与所述储罐连接；
牵枕装置，设置于所述转向架上，所述牵枕装置包括分别固定于所述储罐的两端的两牵枕，所述两牵枕中的每个牵枕包括牵引梁、横梁、枕梁、端梁和侧梁；
制动装置，设置于所述转向架上，并固定所述牵枕装置和所述储罐上；
其中，所述横梁、所述枕梁、所述端梁并列固定于所述牵引梁上，所述测梁的一端固定于所述端梁上，另一端固定于所述枕梁上，所述储罐的端部被支撑于所述枕梁和所述横梁上；
所述储罐包括筒体、设置于所述筒体内的内容器、设置于所述内容器与所述筒体之间的绝热层和支撑装置。
优选地，所述筒体包括左外壳筒体、右外壳筒体和两外壳封头，所述左外壳筒体和所述右外壳筒体固定连接，以形成一套筒，所述两外壳封头分别固定于所述套筒的相对两端。
优选地，所述内容器还包括固定于所述内容器内表面上的内加强圈、固定于所述内容器内的防刷防涡板、固定于所述内容器上的接管室和固定于所述内容器封头上的低温吸附剂盒。
优选地，所述罐车还包括：监控系统，所述监控系统包括数据采集系统、数据监控系统和数据传输总线，其中，所述数据采集系统采集所述储罐内的参数，并通过所述数据传输总线传输到所述数据监控系统。
优选地，所述支撑装置包括一固定支撑装置和两个滑动支撑装置；
所述固定支撑装置和所述两个滑动支撑装置一端与所述内容器接触，另一端固定于所述筒体上；
所述固定支撑装置设置于所述筒体的中部，所述固定支撑装置包括固定于所述筒体圆周上的四个固定支撑机构；
所述两个滑动支撑装置分别位于所述固定支撑装置的相对两侧，并位于所述筒体的两端，所述两个滑动支撑装置中的每个滑动支撑装置包括固定于所述筒体圆周上的四个滑动支撑机构。
优选地，所述四个固定支撑机构中上部的两个固定支撑机构之间的夹角为90±10度，所述四个固定支撑机构中下部的两个固定支撑机构之间的夹角为60±10度。
优选地，所述四个滑动支撑机构中上部的两个滑动支撑机构之间的夹角为90±10度，所述四个滑动支撑机构中下部的两个滑动支撑机构之间的夹角为60±10度。
优选地，所述固定支撑机构包括固定玻璃钢、固定封罩、固定加强板、多个固定加强筋和固定座；
所述筒体上开设有固定封罩通孔，所述固定加强板固定于所述筒体的表面，所述固定加强板上开设有与所述固定封罩通孔对应的固定封罩穿孔，所述固定封罩固定于固定封罩通孔和所述固定封罩穿孔内，所述多个固定加强筋一端固定于所述固定加强板上，另一端固定于所述固定封罩上，形成三角支撑结构；
所述固定座固定于所述内容器的外表面上与所述固定封罩通孔相对的位置，所述固定玻璃钢一端固定于所述固定封罩内，另一端固定于所述固定座上。
优选地，所述固定加强板为多个，多个所述固定加强板叠设于所述筒体的表面上，且靠近所述筒体的表面的固定加强板的尺寸大于远离所述筒体的表面的固定加强板的尺寸。
优选地，所述滑动支撑机构包括滑动封罩、滑动玻璃钢、滑动加强板、多个滑动加强筋和滑动加强块；
所述滑动加强板固定于所述筒体的表面上，所述筒体上开设有滑动封罩通孔，所述滑动加强板上开设有与所述滑动封罩通孔对应的滑动封罩穿孔，所述滑动封罩固定于所述滑动封罩通孔和所述滑动封罩穿孔内；
所述多个滑动加强筋一端固定于所述滑动加强板上，另一端固定于所述滑动封罩上，以形成一三角支撑结构；所述滑动加强块固定于所述内容器的外表面上与所述滑动封罩通孔相对的位置；
所述滑动玻璃钢一端支撑于所述滑动封罩上，另一端滑动支撑于所述滑动加强块上。
本申请有益效果如下：
通过设置包括转向架、储罐以及固定于所述转向架上牵枕装置、制动装置和牵枕装置，通过设置包括牵引梁、横梁、枕梁、端梁和侧梁的牵枕装置支撑于所述储罐的一端的罐车，使得所述冷冻液化气体能够通过铁路进行运输，降低了冷冻液化气体的运输成本，实现运距长，安全度高，解决了现有技术采用现有公路运输成本高、运距短、且安全度低，不能适应市场需求的情况的技术问题。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例或现有技术中的技术方案，下面将对实施例描述中所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些实施例。
图1为本申请较佳实施方式一种罐车的结构示意图；
图2为图1中的罐车的牵枕装置的结构示意图；
图3为图1中的罐车的储罐的结构示意图；
图4为图3中的罐车的储罐的筒体的结构示意图；
图5为图3中的罐车的储罐的内容器的结构示意图；
图6为图1中的罐车的安全系统的结构示意图；
图7为图1中的罐车的监控系统的结构示意图；
图8为图1中的罐车的储罐的剖面示意图；
图9为图8中支撑装置的固定支撑机构的放大图；
图10为图1中支撑装置的固定支撑机构的俯视图；
图11为图1中的罐车的储罐的剖面示意图；
图12为图11中支撑装置的滑动支撑机构的放大图；
图13为图1中支撑装置的滑动支撑机构的俯视图。
具体实施方式
本申请实施例通过提供一种罐车，解决了现有技术采用现有公路运输成本高、运距短、且安全度低，不能适应市场需求的情况的技术问题。
本申请实施例中的技术方案为解决上述技术问题，总体思路如下：
通过设置包括转向架、储罐以及固定于所述转向架上牵枕装置、制动装置 和牵枕装置，通过设置包括牵引梁、横梁、枕梁、端梁和侧梁的牵枕装置支撑于所述储罐的一端的罐车，使得所述冷冻液化气体能够通过铁路进行运输，降低了冷冻液化气体的运输成本，实现运距长，安全度高，解决了现有技术采用现有公路运输成本高、运距短、且安全度低，不能适应市场需求的情况的技术问题。
为了更好的理解上述技术方案，下面将结合说明书附图以及具体的实施方式对上述技术方案进行详细的说明。
为了解决现有技术采用现有公路运输成本高、运距短、且安全度低，不能适应市场需求的情况的技术问题，本申请提供一种罐车。如图1所示，所述罐车包括：车钩缓冲装置1、手制动装置2、转向架3、两牵枕装置4、储罐5、风制动装置6、管路安全系统7和监控系统8。所述牵枕装置4、风动制动装置6、手动制动装置2固定于所述转向架3上。
如图2所示，所述牵枕装置4设置于所述转向架(图未示)上。所述牵枕装置包括分别固定于所述储罐的两端的两牵枕。
在本实施方式中，所述牵枕为全钢焊接结构，主材选用Q450NQR1高强度耐大气腐蚀钢。
所述两牵枕中的每个牵枕包括牵引梁4B、副鞍座4A、主鞍座4C，所述副鞍座4A、主鞍座4C并列固定于所述牵引梁4B上，用于支撑于所述储罐401，在本实施方式中，所述主鞍座4C的弧度大于所述副鞍座4A的弧度，且两个副鞍座4A位于两个主鞍座4C之间。主鞍座4C结构尺寸较大，起主要支承作用，副鞍座4A结构尺寸较小，起辅助支承作用。
在其它实施方式中，两个所述副鞍座4A和两个所述主鞍座4C不限于上 述位置关系，也可以两个所述副鞍座4A位于两个所述主鞍座4C的外侧，或者副鞍座4A和主鞍座4C间隔设置。另外，在其它实施方式中，所述副鞍座4A和所述主鞍座4C的弧度也可以为相等的，具体可以根据需要进行设置。其尺寸布局根据储罐长径比确定，为确保封头对筒体有效起到加强作用，鞍座中心至封头圆弧相切处的距离A不宜大于筒体直径R的一半(即A≤0.5R)。
所述副鞍座4A和所述主鞍座4C与储罐401之间设有垫板，为确保垫板有效起到加强作用，垫板厚度不宜小于0.6倍的储罐401的筒体厚度，垫板与储罐401之间应密贴，垫板面积较大时应开塞焊孔。所述副鞍座4A和所述主鞍座4C包角正常情况下不宜小于120°。
在本实施方式中，所述牵枕还包括端梁4E和侧梁4D。所述副鞍座4A、主鞍座4C、端梁4E并列固定于所述牵引梁4B上。所述测梁4D一端固定于所述端梁4E上，另一端固定于所述主鞍座4C上。主鞍座4C作为储罐的鞍座一，横梁4E作为储罐的鞍座二，即所述储罐的一端被同时支撑于两个鞍座上，另一端也被同时支撑于两个鞍座上。
本申请的罐车及牵枕装置的储罐通过同时设置有副鞍座4A、主鞍座4C的两个牵枕支撑，即通过四个鞍座支撑，一方面通过增加鞍座数量，可有效降低每个鞍座所承受的垂向载荷，同时，由于鞍座布置相对分散，载荷分布更加均匀，对于长径比(L/D)较大，且壁厚较薄的卧式容器，通过调整主、副鞍座之间的距离，既能确保封头对筒体起到有效加强作用，还可避免由于支座跨距过大导致筒体产生严重变形及应力过大的问题，解决了现有技术中通过双鞍座结构支撑对于长径比较大的卧式储罐时，会由于支座跨距过大导致筒体产生严重变形及应力过大的技术问题。
如图3所示，所述储罐5包括筒体20、设置于所述筒体20内的内容器30、设置于所述内容器30和所述筒体20之间的绝热层5B和支撑装置。
如图4所示，所述筒体20包括左外壳筒体A5、右外壳筒体A9、两外壳封头A2、真空防爆装置A1、常温吸附剂盒A10、加强圈A8、牵枕上盖板A4和操作箱A6。在本实施方式中，所述筒体20的主材钢板为16MnDR，主材锻件为16MnDⅢ级锻钢。
所述左外壳筒体A5和所述右外壳筒体A9固定连接，以形成一套筒，所述两外壳封头A2分别固定于所述套筒的相对两端，以形成一密封的空间。所述真空防爆装置A1和所述常温吸附剂盒A10固定于所述两外壳封头A2上。所述加强圈设置于所述套筒的内表面上，用于增加套筒的强度。所述牵枕上盖板A4固定于所述套筒上，以便于将所述筒体20固定于所述牵枕装置4上。所述操作箱A6固定于所述套筒上，所述操作箱A6位于所述筒体20底部中间位置，用于防护装卸管路、安全和监控设施，在装卸LNG和维护保养时两侧箱门可开启。
如图5所示，所述内容器30包括内容器筒体C3、固定于所述内容器筒体C3两端的内容器封头C1、固定于所述内容器筒体C3内表面上的内加强圈C7、固定于所述内容器筒体C3内的防刷防涡板C4、固定于所述内容器筒体C3上的接管室C6、固定于所述内容器封头C1上的低温吸附剂盒C8。在本实施方式中，所述内容器30主材钢板为06Cr19Ni10不锈钢，主材锻件为06Cr19Ni10Ⅲ级不锈钢。
所述绝热层5B为包在所述内容器30外表面的绝热材料，该绝热材料经过复合、裁剪、缝合形成，并按本产品的形状和尺寸进行定制。
所述内外罐支撑件是一种环氧玻璃钢材料加工成的中空圆柱体管状结构，根据安装部位和承载形式，各支撑规格不同。
如图6所示，所述管路安全7包括抽真空及测量装置7A、气相管路7B、装卸管路7C、增压管路7D、差压管路7E、溢流管路7F和紧急控制管路7G。所述管路安全系统7固定于储罐中下部操作箱中。所述抽真空装置及真空测量装置7A用于维持和检测夹层真空度；所述气相管路7B用于稳定储罐顶部气相空间压力，保障储罐安全；所述装卸管路7C用于储罐装卸冷冻液化气体；所述增压管路7D用于储罐内部保持正压加速卸料；所述差压管路7E用于检测储罐装液高度；所述溢流管路7F用于避免储罐超装；所述紧急控制管路7G用于出现异常情况下的安全保障。
具体地，所述装卸管路7C包括液相接口、底部进液阀、紧急切断阀、顶部进液阀、止回阀和管路。所述增压管路7D包括紧急切断阀、增压器液相阀及增压器液相接口。所述气相管路7B包括气相接口、气体排放阀、紧急切断阀、超压排放阀、组合安全阀和阻火器。所述差压管路7E包括气相管、液相管、压力表、液位计和平衡阀。所述溢流管路包括溢流管和截止阀。所述抽真空及测量装置包括抽真空阀、真空隔离阀和真空规管。所述紧急控制管路包括储风缸、减压过滤器和空气管。
如图7所示，所述监控系统8用于监控车辆运行过程中储罐5内的介质压力、液位状态和装卸管路以及阀门泄漏情况。所述监控系统8包括数据采集系统8B、数据监控系统8C和用于连接所述数据采集系统8B和所述数据监控系统8C的数据传输总线8A，其中，数据监控系统8C通常装设在押运室内。所述数据采集系统8B用于采集储罐5内的参数，并通过所述数据传输总线8A 传输到所述数据监控系统8C，以便于实时了解储罐5内的介质压力、液位状态和装卸管路以及阀门泄漏情况。
所述风制动装置6设置于所述转向架上，并固定所述牵枕装置和所述储罐上。所述风制动装置6包括120型控制阀、203mm×254mm整体旋压密封式制动缸、ST2-250型双向闸瓦间隙自动调整器、KZW-A型空重车自动调整装置、60升副风缸、34升及11升风缸、符合TB/T2403-2010的高摩擦系数合成闸瓦。所述手制动装置2采用NSW型手制动机。所述车钩缓冲装置1采用加强型钩舌的17型E级钢车钩，锻造钩尾框、MT-2、HM-1或HN-1型缓冲器或新型缓冲器。车钩支撑座、钩尾框及钩尾销托板安装尼龙磨耗板。所述转向架3采用转K5或转K6型转向架。由于所述车钩缓冲装置1、手制动装置、转向架3、风制动装置6为中国铁路货车通用配置和结构，在此不作详述。
所述支撑装置包括一固定支撑装置41和两滑动支撑装置42。所述固定支撑装置41设置于所述筒体20的中部，所述两滑动支撑装置42分别位于所述固定支撑装置41的相对两侧，并位于所述筒体20的两端。
所述固定支撑装置41和滑动支撑装置42一端与内容器30接触，另一端固定于所述筒体20上，用于传递内容器30和筒体20之间的各种载荷，封闭夹层空间，达到有效阻断热桥的功能。
如图8-图10，所述固定支撑装置41包括固定于筒体20圆周上的四个固定支撑机构411。所述四个固定支撑机构411中上部的两个固定支撑机构411之间的夹角为90±10度，所述四个固定支撑机构411中下部的两个固定支撑机构411之间的夹角为60±10度。
在本实施方式中，所述固定支撑机构411的数目为4个，布设于所述筒体 20的圆周上。所述固定支撑机构411包括固定玻璃钢14、固定封罩11、固定加强板12、多个固定加强筋13、固定座15和固定加强块16。
所述固定加强板12固定于所述筒体20的表面，用于增加所述筒体20的强度。具体地，所述固定加强板12焊接于所述筒体20的表面上。所述固定加强板12可以为多个，在所述固定加强板12的数目为多个时，所述固定加强板12叠设于所述筒体20的表面上，且靠近所述筒体20的表面的固定加强板12的尺寸大于远离所述筒体20的表面的固定加强板12的尺寸。
在本实施方式中，所述固定加强板12的数目为两个，具体为第一固定加强板和第二固定加强板，所述第一固定加强板设置于所述第二固定加强板和所述筒体20之间，所述第二固定加强板的尺寸小于所述第一固定加强板的尺寸。所述固定加强板12可以为圆形、椭圆形、矩形或其它形状，具体可以由钢板按外壳直径滚制成圆弧形，确保与外壳组装时能密贴。
所述筒体20上开设有固定封罩通孔21，所述固定加强板12上开设有与所述固定封罩通孔21对应的固定封罩穿孔。所述固定封罩11固定于固定封罩通孔21和所述固定封罩穿孔内，用于固定封罩所述固定封罩通孔21。具体地，所述固定封罩11焊接于所述固定加强板12和所述筒体20上。所述固定封罩11具体可以为圆柱筒形结构，一端封口呈杯状，可采用钢板卷制再与圆形底板组焊，也可直接采用锻件。另外，在本实施方式中，固定封罩11远离所述筒体20的一端到所述筒体20的高度距离h为120mm～140mm(毫米)。
多个固定加强筋13一端固定于所述固定加强板12上，另一端固定于所述固定封罩11远离所述筒体20的一端，以形成一三角支撑结构，增加固定所述固定封罩11的强度。具体地，在本实施方式中，所述固定加强筋13的数目为 4个。所述固定加强筋13为槽形压型件或锻件，可通过焊接的方式固定于所述固定加强板12和所述固定封罩11上。采用多个固定加强筋13，不仅能够满足强度要求，而且能够节省材料，减轻重量。
固定加强块16固定于所述内容器30的外表面上与所述固定封罩通孔21相对的位置，具体地，所述固定加强板16焊接于所述内容器30上，以增加所述内容器30的强度。所述固定加强块16可以为一个，也可以为多个，具体可以根据需要进行设置。在所述内容器30的强度足够时，也可以不设置所述固定加强块16。
在所述内容器30上设置有所述固定加强块16时，所述固定座15固定于所述固定加强块16上，在所述内容器30上未设置有所述固定加强块16时，所述固定座15直接固定于所述内容器30的外表面上与所述固定封罩通孔21相对的位置即可。
所述固定玻璃钢14一端固定于所述固定封罩11内，另一端固定于所述固定座15上，以将所述筒体20和所述内容器30相对固定。
上述固定支撑机构通过设置固定加强板12与固定加强筋13的组合加强方式，对固定封罩11进行加强，既能保证固定封罩装置有足够的强度能够承受各种载荷，同时具有简单的结构和较轻的自重，解决了现有技术中通过加强板进行加强，在罐体容积较大，装载介质较多时，存在强度不足的技术问题。
如图11-图13，所述两滑动支撑装置42中的每个滑动支撑装置包括固定于所述筒体20圆周上的四个滑动支撑机构420，所述四个滑动支撑机构420中上部的两个滑动支撑机构420之间的夹角为90±10度，所述四个滑动支撑机构420中下部的两个滑动支撑机构420之间的夹角为60±10度。
在本实施方式中，所述滑动支撑机构420的数目为8个，分为两组，分别位于所述筒体20的两端，分别布设于所述筒体20的圆周上。所述滑动支撑机构420包括滑动封罩421、滑动玻璃钢422、滑动加强板423、多个滑动加强筋424和滑动加强块425。
所述滑动加强板423固定于所述筒体20的表面，用于增加所述筒体20的强度。具体地，所述滑动加强板423焊接于所述筒体20的表面上。所述滑动加强板423的数目可以为一个，也可以为多个。
所述筒体20上开设有滑动封罩通孔426，所述滑动加强板423上开设有与所述滑动封罩通孔对应的滑动封罩穿孔。所述滑动封罩421固定于所述滑动封罩通孔426和所述滑动封罩穿孔内。具体地，所述滑动封罩421焊接于所述滑动加强板423和所述筒体20上。所述滑动封罩421具体可以为圆柱筒形结构，一端封口呈杯状，可采用钢板卷制再与圆形底板组焊，也可直接采用锻件。另外，在本实施方式中，滑动封罩421远离所述筒体20的一端到所述筒体20的高度距离h为120mm～140mm(毫米)。
所述多个滑动加强筋424一端固定于所述滑动加强板423上，另一端固定于所述滑动封罩421远离所述筒体20的一端，以形成一三角支撑结构，增加固定所述滑动封罩421的强度。具体地，在本实施方式中，所述滑动加强筋424的数目为4个。所述滑动加强筋424为槽形压型件或锻件，可通过焊接的方式固定于所述滑动加强板423和所述滑动封罩421上。采用多个滑动加强筋424，不仅能够满足强度要求，而且能够节省材料，减轻重量。
所述滑动加强块425固定于所述内容器30的外表面上与所述滑动封罩通孔426相对的位置，具体地，所述滑动加强板425焊接于所述内容器30上， 以增加所述内容器30的强度。所述滑动加强块425可以为一个，也可以为多个，具体可以根据需要进行设置。在所述内容器30的强度足够时，也可以不设置所述滑动加强块425。
在所述滑动加强板425的数目为多个时，所述滑动加强板425叠设于所述内容器30的外表面上，且靠近所述内容器30的表面的滑动加强板425的尺寸大于远离所述内容器30的表面的滑动加强板425的尺寸。
在本实施方式中，所述滑动加强板425的数目为两个，具体为第一滑动加强板和第二滑动加强板，所述第一滑动加强板设置于所述第二滑动加强板和所述内容器30之间，所述第二滑动加强板的尺寸小于所述第一滑动加强板的尺寸。所述滑动加强板425可以为圆形、椭圆形、矩形或其它形状，具体可以由钢板按外壳直径滚制成圆弧形，确保与外壳组装时能密贴。
所述滑动玻璃钢422一端所述滑动封罩421上，另一端滑动支撑于所述滑动加强块425上。在所述内容器30的强度足够而未设置所述滑动加强块425时，所述滑动玻璃钢422的另一端直接支撑于所述内容器30的外表面上。
所述滑动支撑机构通过设置滑动加强板423与滑动加强筋424的组合加强方式，对滑动封罩进行加强，既能保证滑动封罩装置有足够的强度能够承受各种载荷，同时具有简单的结构和较轻的自重，解决了现有技术中通过加强板进行加强，在罐体容积较大，装载介质较多时，存在强度不足的技术问题。
支撑装置通过设置包括四个固定支撑机构的一固定支撑装置和分别位于所述固定支撑装置的相对两侧的两个滑动支撑装置，两个滑动支撑装置中每个滑动支撑装置包括四个固定支撑机构，从而构成了12点支撑的支撑装置，所述固定支撑装置设置于所述筒体的中部，两个滑动支撑装置支撑于所述筒体的 两端，保证储罐具有足够的强度用于承受各种载荷，又能降低罐体的挠度，解决了现有技术中由于玻璃钢支撑装置固定端与滑动端的间距大，导致挠度增加，罐体容易出现失稳，且罐体容积较大，装载介质较多时，存在强度不足的技术问题。
以下以示例进行说明：
示例中罐车主要技术参数如下：
Figure PCTCN2017093692-appb-000001
由上述示例可知，罐车的载重大于等于45吨，实验数据表明，该罐车与现有的公路槽车相比，其单车运行能力翻了一倍；另外，最高运行速度达120千米/小时，据测算，当运输距离超过1000公里时，LNG公路运输成本约0.9元/吨公里，LNG铁路罐式集装箱运输成本约为0.45元/吨公里，如果采用罐车运输，其成本可降至0.35元/吨公里，降低了运输成本。
通过设置包括转向架、储罐以及固定于所述转向架上牵枕装置、制动装置和牵枕装置，通过设置包括牵引梁、横梁、枕梁、端梁和侧梁的牵枕装置支撑于所述储罐的一端的罐车，使得所述冷冻液化气体能够通过铁路进行运输，降低了冷冻液化气体的运输成本，实现运距长，安全度高，解决了现有技术采用现有公路运输成本高、运距短、且安全度低，不能适应市场需求的情况的技术问题。
另外，所述罐车还设置有监控系统8，用于对罐车的内的介质压力、液位状态和装卸管路以及阀门泄漏情况进行监控，便于实时了解罐车的动态。
尽管已描述了本发明的优选实施例，但本领域内的技术人员一旦得知了基 本创造性概念，则可对这些实施例作出另外的变更和修改。所以，所附权利要求意欲解释为包括优选实施例以及落入本发明范围的所有变更和修改。
显然，本领域的技术人员可以对本发明进行各种改动和变型而不脱离本发明的精神和范围。这样，倘若本发明的这些修改和变型属于本发明权利要求及其等同技术的范围之内，则本发明也意图包含这些改动和变型在内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种罐车，其特征在于，所述罐车包括：
    转向架；
    储罐；
    管路安全系统，与所述储罐连接；
    牵枕装置，设置于所述转向架上，所述牵枕装置包括分别固定于所述储罐的两端的两牵枕，所述两牵枕中的每个牵枕包括牵引梁、横梁、枕梁、端梁和侧梁；
    制动装置，设置于所述转向架上，并固定所述牵枕装置和所述储罐上；
    其中，所述横梁、所述枕梁、所述端梁并列固定于所述牵引梁上，所述测梁的一端固定于所述端梁上，另一端固定于所述枕梁上，所述储罐的端部被支撑于所述枕梁和所述横梁上；
    所述储罐包括筒体、设置于所述筒体内的内容器、设置于所述内容器与所述筒体之间的绝热层和支撑装置。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的罐车，其特征在于，所述筒体包括左外壳筒体、右外壳筒体和两外壳封头，所述左外壳筒体和所述右外壳筒体固定连接，以形成一套筒，所述两外壳封头分别固定于所述套筒的相对两端。
  3. 如权利要求4所述的罐车，其特征在于，所述内容器还包括固定于所述内容器内表面上的内加强圈、固定于所述内容器内的防刷防涡板、固定于所述内容器上的接管室和固定于所述内容器封头上的低温吸附剂盒。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的罐车，其特征在于，所述罐车还包括：监控系统，所述监控系统包括数据采集系统、数据监控系统和数据传输总线，其中，所述 数据采集系统采集所述储罐内的参数，并通过所述数据传输总线传输到所述数据监控系统。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的罐车，其特征在于，所述支撑装置包括一固定支撑装置和两个滑动支撑装置；
    所述固定支撑装置和所述两个滑动支撑装置一端与所述内容器接触，另一端固定于所述筒体上；
    所述固定支撑装置设置于所述筒体的中部，所述固定支撑装置包括固定于所述筒体圆周上的四个固定支撑机构；
    所述两个滑动支撑装置分别位于所述固定支撑装置的相对两侧，并位于所述筒体的两端，所述两个滑动支撑装置中的每个滑动支撑装置包括固定于所述筒体圆周上的四个滑动支撑机构。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的罐车，其特征在于，所述四个固定支撑机构中上部的两个固定支撑机构之间的夹角为90±10度，所述四个固定支撑机构中下部的两个固定支撑机构之间的夹角为60±10度。
  7. 如权利要求5所述的罐车，其特征在于，所述四个滑动支撑机构中上部的两个滑动支撑机构之间的夹角为90±10度，所述四个滑动支撑机构中下部的两个滑动支撑机构之间的夹角为60±10度。
  8. 如权利要求5-7中任一权利要求所述的罐车，其特征在于，所述固定支撑机构包括固定玻璃钢、固定封罩、固定加强板、多个固定加强筋和固定座；
    所述筒体上开设有固定封罩通孔，所述固定加强板固定于所述筒体的表面，所述固定加强板上开设有与所述固定封罩通孔对应的固定封罩穿孔，所述固定封罩固定于固定封罩通孔和所述固定封罩穿孔内，所述多个固定加强筋一 端固定于所述固定加强板上，另一端固定于所述固定封罩上，形成三角支撑结构；
    所述固定座固定于所述内容器的外表面上与所述固定封罩通孔相对的位置，所述固定玻璃钢一端固定于所述固定封罩内，另一端固定于所述固定座上。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的罐车，其特征在于，所述固定加强板为多个，多个所述固定加强板叠设于所述筒体的表面上，且靠近所述筒体的表面的固定加强板的尺寸大于远离所述筒体的表面的固定加强板的尺寸。
  10. 如权利要求5-7中任一权利要求所述的罐车，其特征在于，所述滑动支撑机构包括滑动封罩、滑动玻璃钢、滑动加强板、多个滑动加强筋和滑动加强块；
    所述滑动加强板固定于所述筒体的表面上，所述筒体上开设有滑动封罩通孔，所述滑动加强板上开设有与所述滑动封罩通孔对应的滑动封罩穿孔，所述滑动封罩固定于所述滑动封罩通孔和所述滑动封罩穿孔内；
    所述多个滑动加强筋一端固定于所述滑动加强板上，另一端固定于所述滑动封罩上，以形成一三角支撑结构；所述滑动加强块固定于所述内容器的外表面上与所述滑动封罩通孔相对的位置；
    所述滑动玻璃钢一端支撑于所述滑动封罩上，另一端滑动支撑于所述滑动加强块上。
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