Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
  • F16D13/58—Details
  • F16D13/60—Clutching elements
  • F16D13/64—Clutch-plates; Clutch-lamellae
  • F16D13/648—Clutch-plates; Clutch-lamellae for clutches with multiple lamellae
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
  • F16D13/58—Details
  • F16D13/72—Features relating to cooling
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D13/00—Friction clutches
  • F16D13/58—Details
  • F16D13/74—Features relating to lubrication
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
  • F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
  • F16D69/0408—Attachment of linings specially adapted for plane linings
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
  • F16D2069/004—Profiled friction surfaces, e.g. grooves, dimples
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
  • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
  • F16D69/00—Friction linings; Attachment thereof; Selection of coacting friction substances or surfaces
  • F16D69/04—Attachment of linings
  • F16D2069/0425—Attachment methods or devices
  • F16D2069/045—Bonding
  • F16D2069/0466—Bonding chemical, e.g. using adhesives, vulcanising

Definitions

• the invention relates to a friction plate with friction lining pieces, which constitute a friction lining, in particular for a wet-running multi-plate clutch. If appropriate, the invention also relates to a wet-running multi-disc clutch with such friction discs.
• European Published Patent Application EP 0 669 482 A2 discloses a friction lining for a device for transmitting torque, in particular a friction clutch, which can be fastened on a carrier body to form a friction surface and transmits the torque to a counter surface, wherein the friction lining consists of at least two different, porous Layers, one of which is mounted on the support body and a porous, consisting of a cellulose base with synthetic fibers and filler material for a likewise porous, attached to her friction layer, which is made of duroplastverbundenen fibers, wherein the friction layer is a weight of 10 to 120 g / m 2 and a thickness of 0.02 to 0.3 mm.
• the object of the invention is to improve the thermal capacity of friction plates with friction lining pieces, which constitute a friction lining, in particular for a wet-running multi-plate clutch.
• the problem is solved in a friction plate with friction lining pieces, which constitute a friction lining, in particular for a wet-running multi-plate clutch, characterized in that the friction lining is divided into at least four circular sectors, of which at least two circular sectors have different groove patterns.
• the groove pattern or groove design is a defined arrangement of grooves in the circular ring sector.
• the grooves can be embossed grooves, which are provided in friction lining pieces, which are also referred to as pads.
• the grooves can be created elsewhere, for example by milling.
• the friction lining pieces or pads are preferably formed from a paper covering.
• Paper coverings are made in a similar way to paper.
• a paper web is produced. From the paper web, the paper pads can be cut out. The cut-out paper pads then represent friction lining pieces or pads.
• the grooves embossed in the pedestal or friction lining piece preferably do not extend as far as a carrier element to which the friction lining piece or pad is adhesively bonded in order to depict the friction lining.
• a groove pattern can also be represented with a plurality of friction lining pieces, which are glued spaced apart on a carrier element. By suitable distances between the Reibbelag Swissen grooves are generated, which extend to the support member. These grooves advantageously have a greater depth than the embossed grooves.
• the carrier element is, for example, a carrier plate.
• the carrier element may be embodied in one piece or also in several parts.
• friction lining pieces or pads with embossed or embossed grooves with individually glued friction lining pieces or Pads can be combined without overprinting on a friction plate. This provides, inter alia, the advantage that a specific groove pattern or groove design can compensate for disadvantages of another groove pattern or groove design as a function of the operating point of the friction plate.
• a preferred embodiment of the friction plate is characterized in that the friction lining has at least two types of circular ring sectors with different Nutmustern. At least two means that the friction lining can also have more than two, so three, four or more types of circular sectors with different Nutmustern. However, in experiments or examinations carried out in the context of the present invention, two types of
• a further preferred embodiment of the friction plate is characterized in that the at least two types of circular ring sectors with different groove patterns are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction. This means for two circular sectors with different groove patterns that alternate the groove patterns in the circumferential direction. For more than two types of circular ring sectors with different groove patterns, the same order of the different groove patterns in the circumferential direction is preferably maintained.
• a further preferred embodiment of the friction plate is characterized in that in each case at least two adjacent circular ring sectors have the same groove pattern. This arrangement has proven to be advantageous in the experiments and investigations carried out in the context of the present invention in special operating points.
• a further preferred embodiment of the friction plate is characterized in that at least two types of circular ring sectors with different Nutmustern in the circumferential direction are arranged in pairs alternately. This arrangement has also proven to be advantageous with regard to special operating points in the experiments and investigations carried out in the context of the present invention.
• a further preferred embodiment of the friction plate is characterized in that the circular ring sectors all have the same shape and size.
• the circular ring sectors can also have different dimensions in the circumferential direction. Depending on the groove pattern, the circular ring sectors can also have different dimensions in the radial direction.
• a further preferred embodiment of the friction plate is characterized in that at least one type of circular ring sectors has an embossed groove pattern.
• the circular ring sectors are preferably represented by exactly one friction lining piece or pad with an embossed or embossed groove pattern.
• all types of circular ring sectors may also have embossed groove patterns.
• Pads or friction linings with an embossed, embossed or milled fine structure have a smaller groove cross-section, whereby the grooves remain filled to a high degree even at high speeds of rotation of the friction lamella. This can have a beneficial effect on the temperature of steel plates in the wet-running multi-plate clutch. In contrast, causes the increased flow resistance of the finer grooves with a stationary friction blade overflow of the cooling medium, in particular cooling oil, resulting in a reduction of the thermal capacity.
• a further preferred embodiment of the friction disk is characterized in that at least one type of circular ring sectors comprises friction lining pieces, which are spaced apart from each other, that results in a groove pattern with grooves whose groove bottom is formed by a carrier element.
• This type combined of circular ring sectors with the type of circular ring sectors described above with the embossed or over-embossed friction lining pieces or pads.
• all types of circular ring sectors may comprise friction lining pieces, which are spaced apart from one another such that groove patterns result with Nuten whose groove bottom is formed by a support member.
• the advantages of individually glued friction lining pieces or pads are that all the grooves extend to the carrier element, in particular the carrier plate, and thus are also in contact with the cooling medium, in particular cooling oil. Due to the direct heat transfer from cooling oil to carrier element, in addition to the steel plate, the thermal mass of the carrier plate can also be used to lower the temperature level. Disadvantage of this design, however, is that flows through the larger groove cross-sections, especially at high speeds, air, and thus the grooves can not be completely filled with cooling oil. The resulting less wetted surface reduces the heat transfer to the cooling oil.
• a further preferred embodiment of the friction plate is characterized in that the circular ring sectors are spaced apart in the circumferential direction so that there is a respective radially extending groove with a groove bottom therebetween, which is formed by one or the carrier element.
• a radially extending groove is provided in each case between two circular ring sectors.
• two, three or more circular ring sectors can not be spaced apart, so that no radially extending grooves are arranged between these circular ring sectors.
• a further preferred embodiment of the friction plate is characterized in that a number of the circular ring sectors, in which the friction lining is divided, not larger than a product of an inner radius of the friction plate in the unit centimeter with the number six. In the experiments and investigations carried out in the context of the present invention, this ratio has proved to be particularly advantageous with regard to an improvement in the thermal capacity of the friction disks.
• the object is in a wet-running multi-disc clutch, with friction plates, which are designed as the above-described Reibelamelle and each comprise a support member having a Sussiondicke and is attached to the at least one friction lining, which has a Reibbelagdicke, also solved in that a ratio of the friction lining thickness to the support element thickness assumes values between 0.25 and 0.85.
• the carrier element is, for example, a carrier plate, which is provided radially inside or radially outside with a toothing for the representation of a rotationally fixed connection with a plate carrier of the multi-plate clutch.
• the carrier element thickness is a dimension of the carrier element in an axial direction.
• the term axial refers to a rotation axis of the multi-plate clutch.
• Axial means in the direction or parallel to the axis of rotation.
• the term friction lining thickness refers to a dimension of the friction lining in the axial direction.
• the friction lining thickness advantageously varies between 0.25 millimeters and 0.6 millimeters.
• the carrier sheet thickness results from the stated ratio friction lining thickness divided by carrier element thickness and is advantageously between 0.9 millimeters and 0.7 millimeters.
• In experiments and investigations carried out in the context of the present invention have in support elements with a support element thickness of 0.9 millimeters; 0.8 mm, or 0.7 mm friction lining thicknesses of 0.25; 0.3; 0.4; 0.5; 0.6 and 0.65 millimeters proved to be particularly advantageous.
• a preferred embodiment of the wet-running multi-disc clutch is characterized in that the carrier element is provided on two opposite sides with friction linings.
• the friction linings on the mutually remote sides of the carrier element advantageously have the same friction lining thickness.
• the friction linings can be made in one piece or in several parts.
• Another preferred embodiment of the wet-running multi-plate clutch is characterized in that the friction plates arranged radially and in axial Direction in alternation with counter blades are arranged.
• the counter blades are advantageously designed as steel plates without friction linings.
• the term axial also refers to the axis of rotation of the multi-plate clutch. Radial means transverse to the axis of rotation of the multi-plate clutch.
• a particularly preferred embodiment is characterized in that the multi-plate clutch is designed as a radial double clutch with radially nested part clutches.
• the multi-plate clutch is designed as a radial double clutch with radially nested part clutches.
• the friction plate is particularly effective.
• the multi-plate clutch is designed as an axial double clutch.
• the axial double clutch comprises two partial clutches designed as multi-plate clutches, which are arranged offset from one another in the axial direction.
• the partial clutches are arranged overlapping in the radial direction, that is not nested. This results in a relatively large axial space, which require the two part clutches in the axial double clutch.
• the above object is in a wet-running multi-disc clutch, with friction plates, each comprising a support member having a support element thickness and on which at least one friction lining is mounted, which has a Reibbelagdi- bridge, in particular in a previously described wet-running multi-plate clutch, alternatively or additionally achieved in that the friction lining comprises Reibbelag dealte between which parallel fluid channels are formed.
• the friction lining pieces advantageously have relatively small dimensions in the circumferential direction.
• the parallel fluid channels are particularly advantageously tended to be wider and / or deeper than conventional grooves.
• a further preferred embodiment of the wet-running multi-disc clutch is characterized in that the friction lining pieces extend continuously from radially inward to radially outward. As a result, an unimpeded flow along the carrier element between each two friction lining pieces is made possible.
• Another preferred embodiment of the wet-running multi-plate clutch is characterized in that the fluid channels extend radially.
• the term radial refers to the axis of rotation of the multi-plate clutch. Radial means transverse to the axis of rotation.
• a further preferred embodiment of the wet-running multi-plate clutch is characterized in that the fluid channels, with respect to a radial, are arranged obliquely or inclined.
• the course of the fluid channels is advantageously inclined so that a fluid, for example a coolant or cooling oil, deviates from the radial direction as a function of a direction of rotation of the lamellae in order to distribute fluid, in particular oil, also in the circumferential direction.
• a fluid for example a coolant or cooling oil
• Figure 1 is a simplified sectional view of an axial double clutch with two designed as multi-plate clutches part clutches;
• Figure 2 shows an enlarged detail of Figure 1 with two axially nested
• Figure 3 is a detail view of a friction blade in section
• Figure 4 simplified representations of different friction linings for
• Figure 5 shows an enlarged section of Figure 4 in section, wherein the
• an axial double clutch 10 with two axially nested part clutches 1, 2 is shown in simplified.
• the partial clutches 1, 2 are designed as wet-running cam clutches.
• Wet running means that the multi-plate clutches 1, 2 for cooling a cooling medium, such as cooling oil, which is also shortened as oil, is supplied.
• the multi-plate clutch 1 comprises a hub 3 which is non-rotatably connectable to a transmission input shaft (not shown).
• the multi-plate clutch 2 comprises a hub 4, which is rotatably connected to a (also not shown) second transmission input shaft, which is preferably designed as a hollow shaft.
• the two multi-plate clutches 1, 2 comprise a common input part 5.
• the input part 5 is rotatably connected to a (not shown) drive shaft.
• a bearing device 6 is arranged between the input part 5 and the hub 3 of the multi-plate clutch 1, a bearing device 6 is arranged.
• Another bearing device 7 is arranged between the two hubs 3, 4 of the multi-disc clutches 1, 2.
• the input part 5 of the double clutch 10 is non-rotatably connected to a common outer disc carrier 8 for both multi-disc clutches 1, 2.
• the outer disk carrier 8 is rotatably mounted relative to a fixed housing by means of a bearing device 9.
• the fixed housing is indicated only by a symbol in the storage device 9.
• the multi-plate clutch 1 comprises an inner disk carrier 1 1, which is rotatably connected to the hub 3.
• the multi-plate clutch 2 comprises an inner disk carrier 12 which is rotatably connected to the hub 4. By a dot-dash line 13, an axis of rotation of the dual clutch 10 is indicated.
• the hubs 3, 4 are rotatable relative to each other and relative to the outer disk carrier 8 about the rotational axis 13.
• a support member 15 is fixed, which extends from the outer disk carrier 8 in stages radially inwardly.
• the support element 15 serves, with the interposition of spring elements 17, 19, for the axial support of actuators 16, 18th
• the actuating element 16 is used to actuate the multi-plate clutch 1 and extends through a disk set of the multi-plate clutch 2 through.
• the actuating element 18 serves to actuate the multi-plate clutch 2.
• an actuating force is indicated, which is applied via an actuating bearing 23 on the actuating element 16 for actuating the multi-plate clutch 1.
• an actuating force is indicated, which is applied via an actuating bearing 24 on the actuating element 18 for actuating the multi-plate clutch 2.
• the axially nested wet dual clutch 10 shown in simplified form in FIG. 1, is actuated from one side, the right-hand side in FIG. 1, with a passage for actuating the multi-disc clutch 1.
• the thickness of the individual slats is of crucial importance in order to make do with the axially available installation space.
• the first multi-plate clutch 1 comprises a total of seven outer disks 31, 32 and a total of six friction disks 33.
• the outer plates 31, 32 and the friction plates 33 are in one Lamella packet alternately arranged so that in each case a friction plate 33 between two outer plates 31, 32 is arranged.
• the multi-plate clutch 2 comprises axially adjacent to the disk set of the multi-plate clutch 1, a disk set with a total of seven outer disks 41, 42 and six friction plates 43.
• the outer disks 41, 42 are in alternation with the friction plates 43 in the right in Figure 2 disk set of the multi-plate clutch. 2 arranged as well as the slats in the left in Figure 2 disk set of the multi-plate clutch. 1
• the outer plates 31, 32 and 41, 42 of the multi-plate clutches 1, 2 are designed as steel plates. Due to the required heat capacity of the steel plates results in the thickness of a lower limit which, depending on the requirements of the respective clutch, in particular with regard to the energy input, can not be exceeded, otherwise occurring during operation of the multi-plate clutches 1, 2 Temperatures would take too high values.
• the outer plates 31, 32; 41, 42 of the multi-plate clutches 1; 2 are provided with external toothing, which serve to represent a rotationally fixed connection with the common outer disk carrier 8.
• the friction plates 33; 43 of the multi-plate clutches 1; 2 are equipped with internal teeth, which are for the representation of a rotationally fixed connection with the associated inner disk carrier 1 1; 12 serve.
• the friction plate 33 of Figure 2 is shown enlarged in cross section.
• the friction plate 33 comprises a carrier element 50, which is provided on two opposite sides with friction linings 51, 52.
• the friction linings 51, 52 may be made in one piece or in several parts.
• the friction linings 51, 52 are preferably paper linings.
• the paper pads 51, 52 are firmly bonded, for example by gluing, firmly connected to the carrier element 50.
• By arrow 53, 54 a thickness of the friction lining 52 is designated.
• the carrier element 50 is designed, for example, as a carrier plate 55 with a defined thickness, as indicated by arrows 56, 57. Radial inside the support plate 55 is advantageously equipped with an internal toothing, which serves for the rotationally fixed connection with the inner disk carrier (1 1 in Figure 2) of the multi-plate clutch.
• the outer plates 31, 32; 41, 42 apply to the carrier elements 50, in particular carrier plates 55, also lower limits for the thickness, in particular with regard to a surface pressure in the tooth contact.
• the lining thickness or thickness 53, 54 of the friction lining 52 also has an influence on the drag torques occurring during operation.
• the lining thickness or lining thickness 53, 54 of the friction lining 52 is a decisive parameter for an oil flow occurring during operation of the multi-plate clutch through lining grooves.
• the oil flow from radially inward to radially outward is a matter of principle in multi-disc clutches and is the result of the inertia of the oil or the rotation of the clutch components, which take the oil with them and cause them to rotate.
• the oil is part of a tribological system, which is also referred to as a tribosystem, the multi-disc clutch together with the friction lining, which is usually made of paper, and the counter-fins or outer fins, which are usually designed as steel fins.
• conventional friction linings have a thickness of 0.75 millimeters.
• the groove design or lining pattern of the groove is changed so that tends to wider and / or deeper grooves are provided in order not to substantially limit the flow cross-sections, as this in turn could have a negative effect on the function of the multi-plate clutch, in particular with regard to drag torque, cooling behavior, Aufschwimm bine and Reibwert .
• tests and investigations were carried out as to how an optimum ratio of the one-sided covering thickness, in particular of the friction lining thickness 53, 54, to the thickness 56, 57 of the carrier plate 55 can be optimized.
• FIGS. 4 and 5 show a section of a carrier element 60 in plan view and in section.
• the carrier element 60 is, for example, a carrier plate, as indicated at 55 in FIG.
• On the carrier element 60 are for displaying a Reibbelagnutung friction lining pieces 61 to 66; 71 to 74 and 80 applied.
• the friction lining pieces 61 to 66; 71 to 74 and 80 are preferably cohesively, in particular by gluing, firmly connected to the carrier element 60.
• the friction lining pieces 61 to 63 are substantially diamond-shaped.
• the Reibbelag Koreane 64 to 66 are formed substantially triangular.
• the friction lining pieces 61 to 66 are provided with rounded edges.
• the fluid channels are bounded by the carrier element 60 and the friction lining pieces 61 to 66 and run parallel to each other.
• the fluid channels are also referred to as grooves.
• groove design is to ensure in principle that sufficient flow cross-section for the required cooling oil flow is shown so that it can flow through the disk pack and does not pass or accumulates and favors an undesirable floating of the friction linings.
• the friction lining 80 is relatively large and provided with an embossed groove pattern 81, the waffle pattern referred to as.
• the waffle pattern 81 with large Reibbelag Swissen which are also referred to as single pads, in which the waffle pattern is only embossed, that is, the waffle grooves have only a small groove depth is when using very thin friction linings a groove design with smaller or narrower friction linings or Single pads to prefer.
• overprinting does not necessarily take place since the individual pads already have a sufficiently small area and the intermediate areas / grooves always extend down to the carrier element 60 from their depth.
• the groove component is the proportion of the entire annular surface of the friction linings, which has grooves or does not come into contact with the steel blade. Since the surface pressure in friction contact friction lining to steel plates can not be increased arbitrarily, the groove share must be approximately maintained even with thinner friction linings. Otherwise, an unwanted increase in temperature in the frictional contact would result, or the annular surface would have to be increased, which in turn would bring disadvantages in terms of the radial space with it.
• the groove pattern formed with the friction lining pieces 61 to 66 is also referred to as rain tire pattern.
• This rain tire pattern has proved advantageous in combination with the claimed ratio of the friction lining thickness to the carrier plate thickness of 0.25 to 0.85.
• a groove pattern with the narrower friction lining pieces 70 to 74 has proved to be advantageous.
• the course of the groove or of the pads or friction lining pieces 71 to 74 may also deviate from the direction pointing radially outward and be inclined, for example.
• FIGS. 6 to 10 show various embodiments of friction linings 90; 1 10; 130; 140; 160 shown for a friction plate, as shown in Figure 3 and designated 33.
• the friction lining has the shape of a circular ring with an inner radius and an outer radius.
• the carrier element (55 in FIG. 3) of the friction plate (33 in FIG. 3) can have the same friction lining 90 on both sides. 1 10; 130; 140; 160 have.
• different friction linings 90; 1 10; 130; 140; 160 may be arranged on the sides of the carrier element (55 in FIG. 3).
• the different friction linings 90; 1 10; 130; 140; 160 are divided over their entire circumference in circular sectors 91 to 95.
• Circular ring sectors 96, 97 with three points indicate that the arrangement of the circular ring sectors 91 to 95 shown in FIGS. 6 to 10 over the entire circumference of the friction lining 90; 1 10; 130; 140; 160 continues.
• the circular ring sectors 91 to 95 are all the same shape and the same size. Between two circular sectors 91, 92; 92, 93; 93, 94; 94, 95 are each a radially extending groove 101, 102, 103, 104 are arranged. The grooves 101 to 104 extend to the carrier element (55 in Figure 3).
• the groove pattern A is formed in FIG. 7 by three friction lining pieces 1 1 1, 1 12, 1 13 each.
• the friction lining pieces 1 1 1 1 to 1 13 are designed and arranged so that a groove pattern 1 14 results in grooves extending to the support member or support plate (55 in Figure 3).
• the groove pattern 1 14 is also called wet tire design.
• the circular ring sectors 92, 94 each comprise only one friction lining piece or pedals 15 with an embossed groove pattern 16.
• the embossed groove pattern 16 can be used as a microstructure. Waffle design are called.
• the grooves in the groove pattern 1 16 are only embossed and do not extend to the support element.
• the groove pattern 16 of FIG. 7 is combined with a groove pattern 136 embossed in each case in a friction lining piece 135.
• the groove pattern 136 is also referred to as waffle design.
• the wafer design 136 includes significantly larger rectangles than the micro waffle design 1 16.
• the rain tire design 1 14 from FIG. 7 is combined with a groove pattern 145 in the circular ring sectors 92, 94.
• the groove pattern 145 is formed by friction lining pieces 141 to 144, which essentially have the shape of circular ring sectors, which, however, have only a small extent in the circumferential direction. Between two friction lining pieces 141, 142; 142, 143; 143, 144 each have a radial groove is recessed.
• the radial grooves like the annular grooves 92 and 94 adjacent radial grooves 101, 102 and 103, 104 extend to the support member.
• the circular ring sectors 91, 92; 93, 94; and so on in pairs the same groove pattern A, A; B, B may have.
• the groove pattern A for example, the groove pattern 1 14 or 1 16 can be used.
• the groove pattern B for example, the groove pattern 136 or 145 may be used.
• the friction linings 90; 1 10; 130; 140; 160 have, for example, a covering thickness of 0.5 or 0.8 millimeters.
• Each friction lining 90; 1 10; 130; 140; 160 comprises at least four annular sectors 91 to 95.
• a maximum number of annular sectors 91 to 95 depends on the radius, in particular on the inner radius, of the friction linings 90; 1 10; 130; 140; 160 off.
• the circular ring sectors 91 to 95 advantageously have an extent of at least ten millimeters in the circumferential direction.

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• 2017
  • 2017-10-11 CN CN201780062979.7A patent/CN109804171A/zh active Pending
  • 2017-10-11 DE DE112017005784.1T patent/DE112017005784A5/de active Pending
  • 2017-10-11 WO PCT/DE2017/100857 patent/WO2018091020A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2017-10-11 DE DE102017123580.9A patent/DE102017123580A1/de active Pending
  • 2017-10-11 US US16/336,589 patent/US20200025263A1/en not_active Abandoned

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