WO2018086189A1 - 汽车尾气排放系统 - Google Patents

汽车尾气排放系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018086189A1
WO2018086189A1 PCT/CN2016/109833 CN2016109833W WO2018086189A1 WO 2018086189 A1 WO2018086189 A1 WO 2018086189A1 CN 2016109833 W CN2016109833 W CN 2016109833W WO 2018086189 A1 WO2018086189 A1 WO 2018086189A1
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Prior art keywords
engine
exhaust gas
purifier
exhaust
automobile exhaust
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PCT/CN2016/109833
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵良红
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顺德职业技术学院
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Publication of WO2018086189A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018086189A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2803—Construction of catalytic reactors characterised by structure, by material or by manufacturing of catalyst support
    • F01N3/2825—Ceramics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/101—Three-way catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
    • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
    • F01N3/206—Adding periodically or continuously substances to exhaust gases for promoting purification, e.g. catalytic material in liquid form, NOx reducing agents
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2510/00—Surface coverings
    • F01N2510/06—Surface coverings for exhaust purification, e.g. catalytic reaction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/10—Carbon or carbon oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/12—Hydrocarbons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2570/00—Exhaust treating apparatus eliminating, absorbing or adsorbing specific elements or compounds
    • F01N2570/14—Nitrogen oxides
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
    • F01N2610/04—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being hydrogen
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters
    • Y02A50/2351—Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of internal combustion engine technology, and more particularly to an automobile exhaust emission system capable of reducing harmful pollutants in engine exhaust.
  • the well-known engine exhaust pollutant control technology is mainly a post-processing technology, that is, a catalytic converter is arranged downstream of the engine exhaust to catalytically treat the exhaust gas.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an automobile exhaust emission system which performs catalytic conversion in an engine cylinder, wherein hydrogen is mixed in the exhaust gas of the engine, and the exhaust gas is reduced in the exhaust gas by using a good reducing property of the hydrogen under the catalyst and a certain temperature condition.
  • NOx which ultimately improves engine in-cylinder combustion, achieves the goal of reducing vehicle HC, CO, and NOx emissions to overcome the deficiencies of existing equipment technology issues.
  • an automobile exhaust emission system comprising an engine, an exhaust gas purifier, an engine intake port and an exhaust passage, the engine comprising a combustion chamber, a piston and a cylinder head, wherein: A precious metal catalyst coating is disposed in the engine, and a first purifier is disposed on the downstream side of the exhaust passage, and an exhaust gas purifier is connected to the end of the exhaust passage.
  • a hydrogen gas inlet device having an air outlet disposed upstream of the first purifier.
  • the gas outlet of the hydrogen gas inlet device is also disposed downstream of the first purifier.
  • the hydrogen gas inlet device is provided with a one-way valve.
  • a noble metal catalyst coating is provided on the piston top of the engine, the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the exhaust passage of the cylinder head, and the inner wall of the cylinder head, respectively, and the coating contains precious metal platinum or rhodium or palladium.
  • the first purifier uses porous ceramic as a carrier for the catalyst.
  • the first purifier uses platinum or rhodium or palladium as a catalyst.
  • the automobile exhaust system of the present invention is catalytically converted by placing the catalytic bed on the inner wall of the engine during the normal combustion of the engine, so that the incompletely combusted product is not mixed with the complete combustion product.
  • the formation of incomplete combustion products is almost eliminated during the combustion process, which not only improves the conversion efficiency, but also improves the conversion energy and the engine work stroke in the combustion chamber, so that the energy generated by the conversion combustion is fully utilized.
  • the efficiency of the engine's work is performed.
  • the automobile exhaust gas discharge system of the invention adopts a coating material covering precious metals such as platinum, rhodium and palladium, and uses a noble metal such as platinum, rhodium or palladium as a catalyst to simultaneously oxidize CO, HC, NOx and residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas. Restore the effect and convert it into harmless substances CO2, H2O, N2. Effectively reduce emissions of harmful gases such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides, etc. Reduce the amount of harmful gases in the exhaust gas and PM2.5 particulate matter. Different proportions of hydrogen are introduced into the exhaust of the engine, and after catalyzing the reaction of noble metals such as platinum, rhodium and palladium, the NOx emission in the exhaust gas can be effectively reduced.
  • a porous ceramic material covering precious metals such as platinum or rhodium or palladium is added in the exhaust passage to form a two-stage catalysis, and the unpurified portion of the pre-stage is further purified by the post-stager, which can reduce the working pressure of the downstream catalyst and make the discharge
  • the exhaust gas fully meets the national standards.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a vehicle exhaust emission system of the present invention.
  • the terms “mounted,” “connected,” and “connected” are used in a broad sense, and may be, for example, a fixed connection, unless otherwise specifically defined and defined. It can also be a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, and can be internal communication between the two elements.
  • the specific meaning of the above terms in the present invention can be understood in the specific circumstances by those skilled in the art.
  • an automobile exhaust system of the present invention includes an engine and an exhaust gas purifier.
  • the engine 1 has four cylinders 2, and each cylinder 2 is provided with a fuel injection valve 3 that directly injects fuel into the cylinder 2.
  • An intake passage 4 and an exhaust passage 5 are connected to the engine 1.
  • a first purifier 7 is disposed on the downstream side of the exhaust passage, and an exhaust gas purifier 6 is connected to the end of the exhaust passage.
  • the cylinder 2 includes a combustion chamber, a piston and a cylinder head.
  • the fuel injection valve 3 is mounted on the cylinder head.
  • the cylinder head is also provided with a spiral intake manifold, an exhaust manifold, a spiral intake manifold and an exhaust manifold respectively.
  • the intake passage 4 and the exhaust passage 5 are in communication.
  • a catalytically active coating is provided on the top of the piston, the inner wall of the combustion chamber, the exhaust manifold of the cylinder head, and the inner wall of the cylinder head, the coating containing one of precious metals such as platinum, rhodium, and palladium.
  • the purification structure works by placing the catalytic coating in the engine and catalytically converting it during normal combustion of the engine so that the incompletely combusted product is catalytically converted before it is mixed with the complete combustion product. In this way, the formation of incomplete combustion products is almost eliminated during the combustion process, which not only improves the conversion efficiency, but also improves the conversion energy and the engine work stroke in the combustion chamber, so that the energy generated by the conversion combustion is fully utilized. The efficiency of the engine's work.
  • the automobile exhaust gas discharge system of the present invention is provided with a hydrogen gas inlet device in the exhaust gas, and the gas outlet ports of the hydrogen gas inlet device are respectively disposed at the upper and lower portions of the first purifier 7 in the exhaust passage 5, and the hydrogen gas intake device is arranged in one direction.
  • the valve, the hydrogen intake is completed by the gas pressure difference, and the hydrogen intake flow rate can be adjusted by adjusting the pressure of the hydrogen inlet device. Due to the limited space of the exhaust passage, the existing car is only installed at the end The gas purifier makes the resistance of the exhaust passage larger, thereby reducing the engine power.
  • the exhaust gas catalytic purification device of the exhaust passage is placed in two stages, the first stage is the first purifier 7, and the latter stage is the exhaust gas purifier 6, so that the exhaust gas discharge structure is further optimized. Combined with the catalytic structure in the cylinder, a three-stage exhaust gas purification treatment system is formed. On the other hand, the introduction of different proportions of hydrogen in the engine exhaust, after catalytic reaction of precious metals such as platinum, rhodium and palladium, can effectively reduce NOx emissions in the exhaust gas.
  • the exhaust gas purifier 6 can employ a three-way catalyst.
  • the first purifier 7 uses porous ceramic as a carrier of the catalyst, and uses a noble metal such as platinum, rhodium or palladium as a catalyst to simultaneously oxidize and recover CO, HC, NOx and residual polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the exhaust gas, thereby converting it into harmless.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)

Abstract

一种汽车尾气排放系统，包括发动机（1）、尾气净化器（6），发动机进气道（4）和排气道（5），所述发动机（1）包括燃烧室、活塞、气缸盖，在发动机（1）内设置有贵金属催化剂涂层，在排气道（5）的下游侧设置有第一净化器（7），排气道（5）的末端连接尾气净化器（6）。该汽车尾气排放系统以铂、铑、钯等贵金属作为催化剂，对尾气中的CO、HC、NOx和残余多环芳烃同时起氧化恢复作用，使其转化成无害物质CO2、H2O、N2。有效降低一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物等有害气体的排放减少尾气中有害气体的含量和PM2.5颗粒物。

Description

汽车尾气排放系统 技术领域
本发明涉及内燃式发动机技术领域，更具体地说，是涉及一种能减少发动机排气中有害污染物的汽车尾气排放系统。
背景技术
目前，随着汽车拥有量的不断提高，车辆尾气对环境污染的危害也越来越大。汽车尾气排放标准也越来越高。有关数据显示，在雾霾颗粒中机动车尾气占到了22.2％，机动车的尾气是雾霾颗粒组成的最主要的成分。汽车尾气中的污染物主要由一氧化碳、氮氧化物、碳氢化合物和颗粒物组成，其中机动车排放的颗粒物是PM2.5的主要元凶之一，这些污染物对环境和人类的健康造成了极大的威胁。公知的发动机排气污染物控制技术主要是后处理技术，即在发动机排气的下游设置催化转化器，对尾气进行催化处理。由于发动机燃烧的过程中产生大量废气，如果象现有技术那样只进行尾气后处理，那么当排气行进到排气管时，不完全燃烧产物已经与大量完全燃烧产物均匀混合，不完全燃烧产物浓度非常低，需处理的气体量非常大，极大降低了催化转化效率。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题在于提供一种在发动机气缸内进行催化转化的汽车尾气排放系统，在发动机排气中混入氢气，在催化剂和一定的温度条件下，利用氢气良好的还原性减少尾气中的NOx，最终改善发动机缸内燃烧，达到减少车辆HC、CO和NOx的排放的目的，以克服现有设备技术问题的不足。
本发明解决其技术问题的技术方案是：一种汽车尾气排放系统，包括发动机、尾气净化器，发动机进气道和排气道，所述发动机包括燃烧室、活塞、气缸盖，其特征在于：在发动机内设置有贵金属催化剂涂层，在排气道的下游侧设置有第一净化器，排气道的末端连接尾气净化器。
还包括氢气进气装置，所述氢气进气装置的出气口设置在第一净化器的上游处。
所述氢气进气装置的出气口还设置在第一净化器的下游处。
所述氢气进气装置设置单向阀。
分别在发动机的活塞顶部、燃烧室内壁、气缸盖的排气道及气缸盖内壁设有贵金属催化剂涂层，所述涂层含有贵金属铂或铑或钯。
所述第一净化器采用多孔陶瓷作为催化剂的载体。
所述第一净化器以铂或铑或钯作为催化剂。
本发明的有益效果是：
本发明的汽车尾气排放系统通过将催化床置于发动机内的内壁，在发动机正常燃烧过程中就进行催化转化，使未完全燃烧产物与完全燃烧产物没有混合之前就被催化转化掉。这样，在燃烧过程中就几乎杜绝了不完全燃烧产物的形成，不但使转化效率提高，而且由于转化过程与发动机做功行程在燃烧室内同步进行，使转化燃烧所产生的能量被充分利用而提高了发动机的做功效率。
本发明的汽车尾气排放系统采用覆盖铂、铑、钯等贵重金属的涂层材料，以铂、铑、钯等贵金属作为催化剂，对尾气中的CO、HC、NOx和残余多环芳烃同时起氧化恢复作用，使其转化成无害物质CO2、H2O、N2。有效降低一氧化碳、碳氢化合物、氮氧化物等有害气体的排放减少尾气中有害气体的含量和PM2.5颗粒物。在发动机排气中引入不同比例的氢气，经过铂、铑、钯等贵金属催化反应后，可以有效降低尾气中NOx的排放。
在排气道内增设覆盖铂或铑或钯等贵重金属的多孔陶瓷材料，形成两级催化，前级未净化的部分由后级化剂进一步净化，可减轻下游催化器的工作压力，使排放的尾气完全达到国家的标准。
附图说明
图1为本发明汽车尾气排放系统的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
在本发明的描述中，需要理解的是，术语“中心”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“左”、 “右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本发明和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”的特征可以明示或者隐含地包含一个或者更多个该特征。在本发明的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
在本发明的描述中，需要说明的是，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应作广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接。也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以具体情况理解上述术语在本发明的具体含义。
参见图1所示，本发明的汽车尾气排放系统包括发动机、尾气净化器，发动机1具有四个气缸2，在各气缸2设置有向该气缸2内直接喷射燃料的燃料喷射阀3。在发动机1连接有进气道4和排气道5。在排气道的下游侧设置有第一净化器7，排气道的末端连接尾气净化器6。
气缸2包括燃烧室、活塞、气缸盖，燃料喷射阀3安装在气缸盖上，气缸盖还设置螺旋式进气歧管、排气歧管，螺旋式进气歧管、排气歧管分别与进气道4、排气道5连通。在活塞顶、燃烧室内壁、气缸盖的排气歧管及气缸盖内壁设有具有催化活性的涂层，所述涂层含有贵金属铂、铑、钯的其中一种。净化结构的工作原理是：将催化涂层设置于发动机内，在发动机正常燃烧过程中就进行催化转化，使未完全燃烧产物与完全燃烧产物没有混合之前就被催化转化掉。这样，在燃烧过程中就几乎杜绝了不完全燃烧产物的形成，不但使转化效率提高，而且由于转化过程与发动机做功行程在燃烧室内同步进行，使转化燃烧所产生的能量被充分利用而提高了发动机的做功效率。
本发明的汽车尾气排放系统在排气中设置氢气进气装置，氢气进气装置的出气口分别设置在排气道5内第一净化器7的上、下游处，氢气进气装置设置单向阀，氢气进气依靠气体压力差来完成，通过调节氢气进气装置的压力，可调节氢气进气流量。由于排气通道的空间有限，现有的汽车仅在末端安装尾 气净化器，使排气通道的阻力较大，从而使发动机功率下降。本发明将排气道的尾气催化净化装置分两级安放，前级为第一净化器7、后级为尾气净化器6，使尾气排放结构进一步优化。与气缸内的催化结构相结合，形成三级尾气净化处理系统。另一方面，在发动机排气中引入不同比例的氢气，经过铂、铑、钯等贵金属催化反应后，可以有效降低尾气中NOx的排放。
尾气净化器6可采用三元催化剂。第一净化器7采用多孔陶瓷作为催化剂的载体，以铂、铑、钯等贵金属作为催化剂，对尾气中的CO、HC、NOx和残余多环芳烃同时起氧化恢复作用，使其转化成无害物质CO2、H2O、N2。
尽管已经示出和描述了本发明的实施例，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解：在不脱离本发明的原理和宗旨的情况下可以对这些实施例进行多种变化、修改、替换和变型，本发明的范围由权利要求及其等同替换所限定，在未经创造性劳动所作的改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (7)

  1. 一种汽车尾气排放系统，包括发动机、尾气净化器，发动机进气道和排气道，所述发动机包括燃烧室、活塞、气缸盖，其特征在于：在发动机内设置有贵金属催化剂涂层，在排气道的下游侧设置有第一净化器，排气道的末端连接尾气净化器。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述汽车尾气排放系统，其特征在于：还包括氢气进气装置，所述氢气进气装置的出气口设置在第一净化器的上游处。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述汽车尾气排放系统，其特征在于：所述氢气进气装置的出气口还设置在第一净化器的下游处。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述汽车尾气排放系统，其特征在于：所述氢气进气装置设置单向阀。
  5. 根据权利要求1至4任一所述汽车尾气排放系统，其特征在于：分别在发动机的活塞顶部、燃烧室内壁、气缸盖的排气道及气缸盖内壁设有贵金属催化剂涂层，所述涂层含有贵金属铂或铑或钯。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述汽车尾气排放系统，其特征在于：所述第一净化器采用多孔陶瓷作为催化剂的载体。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述汽车尾气排放系统，其特征在于：所述第一净化器以铂或铑或钯作为催化剂。
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