WO2018082097A1 - 粉末积层制造的检测修补装置及其方法 - Google Patents

粉末积层制造的检测修补装置及其方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018082097A1
WO2018082097A1 PCT/CN2016/104907 CN2016104907W WO2018082097A1 WO 2018082097 A1 WO2018082097 A1 WO 2018082097A1 CN 2016104907 W CN2016104907 W CN 2016104907W WO 2018082097 A1 WO2018082097 A1 WO 2018082097A1
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Prior art keywords
detecting
powder
repairing
image data
workpiece
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PCT/CN2016/104907
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陈义諴
陈馨宝
严瑞雄
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东台精机股份有限公司
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Application filed by 东台精机股份有限公司 filed Critical 东台精机股份有限公司
Priority to JP2019524493A priority Critical patent/JP6708792B2/ja
Priority to EP16920923.6A priority patent/EP3536422B1/en
Priority to PCT/CN2016/104907 priority patent/WO2018082097A1/zh
Publication of WO2018082097A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018082097A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/31—Calibration of process steps or apparatus settings, e.g. before or during manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/37—Process control of powder bed aspects, e.g. density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/60—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up
    • B22F10/66—Treatment of workpieces or articles after build-up by mechanical means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/80—Data acquisition or data processing
    • B22F10/85—Data acquisition or data processing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/80—Plants, production lines or modules
    • B22F12/82—Combination of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/84—Parallel processing within single device
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/90—Means for process control, e.g. cameras or sensors
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
    • B23P23/00—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass
    • B23P23/04—Machines or arrangements of machines for performing specified combinations of different metal-working operations not covered by a single other subclass for both machining and other metal-working operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/188—Processes of additive manufacturing involving additional operations performed on the added layers, e.g. smoothing, grinding or thickness control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30—Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/20—Post-treatment, e.g. curing, coating or polishing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02—Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/24—After-treatment of workpieces or articles
    • B22F2003/247—Removing material: carving, cleaning, grinding, hobbing, honing, lapping, polishing, milling, shaving, skiving, turning the surface
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
    • B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y40/00—Auxiliary operations or equipment, e.g. for material handling
    • B33Y40/10—Pre-treatment
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a detecting and repairing apparatus and a method thereof, and more particularly to a detecting and repairing apparatus for a powder laminated manufacturing and a method thereof.
  • additive Manufacturing also known as additive manufacturing, is a layer-by-layer process by extracting multiple 2D slice profiles from a 3D model and layering them according to each 2D slice profile. A workpiece is processed in a stacked manner.
  • the current multi-layer manufacturing technology mainly focuses on laser lamination manufacturing technology, using laser melting method, and according to the two-dimensional slice profile of the three-dimensional model, a powder layer is laid by the paving mechanism, and then the laser beam is focused. In the powder layer, a two-dimensional slice profile is then melt formed and stacked into layers.
  • the quality of the workpiece may be affected by factors such as the power of the laser, the flow field of the gas, and the quality of the powder, resulting in defects in the powder layer, such as poor powdering conditions, warpage of the workpiece, and
  • the surface of the workpiece forms a projection or a depression or the like.
  • the current equipment for laser lamination manufacturing technology lacks a mechanism for correcting the above defects, so that the yield of the workpiece and the quality of the workpiece cannot be effectively improved.
  • the main object of the present invention is to provide a method for detecting and repairing a powder laminated layer, which can effectively judge various defects and improve the quality of the workpiece by detecting the image data after the powder coating and the image data after the melting.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a detection and repair device for powder layer manufacturing, which utilizes photographing The camera detects the powder bed platform and repairs the workpiece by the repair unit to increase the yield of the workpiece.
  • the present invention provides a method for detecting and repairing a powder laminated layer for detecting and repairing a workpiece manufactured by lamination, the detecting and repairing method comprising a powder coating step, a melting step, and a a melting detecting step and a melting repairing step; wherein the powdering step is to lay a powder on a powder bed platform by using a powder laying mechanism; the melting step is to melt and lay on the powder bed platform by using a laser unit a powder detecting step of photographing a molten image data of the powder bed platform by a camera and transmitting it to the controller for detection; in the melting repairing step, the controller according to the A result of the detection of the image data after melting determines whether a processing mechanism is driven to repair a surface of the workpiece.
  • the melting detecting step has a bump detecting sub-step for detecting a raised area of the molten image data, and calculating a position and a size of the raised area .
  • a brightness of the raised area is greater than 110% of an average brightness of a contour region of the layer of the melted image data.
  • the melting detecting step further has a bump processing path sub-step, after the bump detecting sub-step, according to a planned processing path and the position of the raised area and The size calculates a processing path for the raised area.
  • the surface of the workpiece is processed according to the processing area of the raised area by a plurality of tools of the processing mechanism.
  • the melting detecting step has a recessed area detecting sub-step of detecting the recessed area of the molten image data, and calculating a position and a size of the recessed area.
  • a brightness of the recessed area is less than 90% of an average brightness of a contour region of all layers of the fused image data.
  • the melting detecting step further has a recessed region processing path substep, after the recessed region detecting substep, according to a planned processing path and the recessed region The position and size of the recessed area are calculated.
  • a plurality of tools of the processing mechanism are used to ream the surface of the workpiece according to the processing path of the recessed area, and then the processing mechanism is utilized.
  • a laser cladding is laser cladding the surface of the workpiece.
  • the method further comprises a step of detecting the powdering, wherein the step of detecting the powdering is to photograph the image of the powder bed platform by using the camera, and Transfer to the controller for detection.
  • the powder spreading detecting step has: a powder coating detecting substep, detecting a brightness of all layer regions of the powdered image data; and a warping detecting substep, the detecting station A brightness of the contour region of all layers of the image after the powdering.
  • the powdering in the step of detecting the powdering, if an unpaved area of the image data after the powdering is more than 30% of the layered area, the powdering is judged to be poor.
  • the warping detecting sub-step if a warped area of the post-powder image data is more than 10% of the contour area of the cut layer, the workpiece is judged to be warped song.
  • the method further comprises a step of repairing the powder, and the controller determines whether to lay powder or exclude a powder according to a detection result of the image data after the powdering. defect.
  • the present invention also provides a detection and repairing device for manufacturing a powder layer for detecting and repairing a workpiece manufactured by lamination, the detecting and repairing device comprising a powder bed unit, a repairing unit and a detecting unit; wherein the powder bed unit has a powder bed platform, a powder laying mechanism and a laser unit, wherein the powder bed platform is used to form the workpiece, and the powder laying mechanism is disposed on the powder bed platform For laying a powder on the powder bed platform, the laser unit is disposed above the powder bed platform for generating a laser to melt the powder; the repairing unit has a moving mechanism and a processing mechanism The moving mechanism is disposed above the powder bed platform, and the processing mechanism is mounted on the moving mechanism for repairing a surface of the workpiece; the detecting unit has a a camera and a controller, the camera is disposed above the powder bed platform for capturing an image data of the powder bed platform, and the controller is configured to receive the image data, and determine whether the image
  • the moving mechanism has a two-dimensional mobile platform and a multi-axis parallel machine, wherein the two-dimensional mobile platform is disposed above the powder bed platform, and the multi-axis parallel machine Set on the two-dimensional mobile platform.
  • the machining mechanism has a plurality of cutters and at least one laser cladding, wherein the cutters and laser claddings are alternatively mounted on the multi-axis parallel implement.
  • the detecting unit further has a laser profile sensor for mounting on the multi-axis parallel machine for sensing a contour of the powder bed platform.
  • the image data and the fused image data are captured by the camera, and then the controller scans the powdered image data and the fused image data, and determines Whether there are various defects and distinguishing various defects, and finally the controller determines whether to powder or exclude the powdering defects, or drives the processing mechanism to repair the surface of the workpiece to increase the workpiece Yield, shortened work time and improved quality of the workpiece.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a preferred embodiment of a detecting and repairing device manufactured by powder lamination according to the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a side elevational view of a preferred embodiment of a test repair device made in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a side elevational view of another preferred embodiment of a test repairing device made in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart of a preferred embodiment of a method of detecting and repairing a powder laminate produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic view showing a cut layer of a pattern in a preferred embodiment of the method for detecting and repairing a powder laminated article according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic illustration of a sliced region and a sliced contour region defined in a preferred embodiment of the method for detecting repair of a powder laminate produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic illustration of a processing path plan in a preferred embodiment of a method of detecting repair of a powder laminate produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a schematic illustration of a processing region in a preferred embodiment of a method of detecting repair of a powder laminate produced in accordance with the present invention.
  • a preferred embodiment of the detecting and repairing device for manufacturing a powder layer according to the present invention is used for detecting and repairing defects of a workpiece 101 manufactured by lamination.
  • the powder coating state is poor
  • the workpiece is warped
  • the molten surface is convex
  • the molten surface is recessed.
  • the detecting and repairing device 100 includes a powder bed unit 2, a repairing unit 3, and a detecting unit 4. The detailed construction, assembly relationship, and operation principle of each component will be described in detail below.
  • the powder bed unit 2 has a powder bed platform 21, a powder spreading mechanism 22, a laser unit 23, and a powder feeder 24, wherein the powder bed platform 21 is provided for Forming the workpiece 101; the powder spreading mechanism 22 is disposed on the powder bed platform 21 for laying a powder on the powder bed platform 21; the laser unit 23 is disposed on the powder bed platform 21 Upper portion for generating a laser to melt the powder to form the workpiece 101; and the powder feeder 24 is disposed above the powder bed platform 21 for storing the powder and providing the powder with the Plastering mechanism 22 paving powder.
  • the repairing unit 3 has a moving mechanism 31 and a processing mechanism 32, and the processing mechanism 32 is mounted on the moving mechanism 31 for repairing a surface of the workpiece 101.
  • the moving mechanism 31 has a two-dimensional mobile platform 311 and a multi-axis parallel machine 312.
  • the two-dimensional mobile platform 311 is disposed above the powder bed platform 21, and the multi-axis parallel tool 312 is disposed.
  • the two-dimensional moving platform 311 can drive the multi-axis parallel implement 312 to move in an X-axis direction or a Y-axis direction.
  • the processing mechanism 32 has a plurality of cutters 321 and at least one laser cladding 322, wherein the cutters 321 are placed in a cutter box 102 and mounted on a replacement joint 323 by mounting a spindle 320.
  • the replacement joint 323 is disposed at the bottom of a moving seat 313 of the multi-axis parallel machine 312; and the laser cladding 322 can also be mounted on the replacement joint 323 to make the cutter 321 and the laser A crimper 322 can alternatively be mounted on the multi-axis parallel implement 312 for use.
  • the multi-axis parallel machine 312 is a three-axis or five-axis parallel machine for controlling the moving seat 313 to move in three or five axes, so that the tool 321 and the The laser cladding 322 is capable of generating laser light for processing in any area of the surface of the workpiece 101.
  • the detecting unit 4 has a camera 41 and a controller 42.
  • the camera 41 is disposed above the powder bed platform 21 for capturing an image of the powder bed platform 21.
  • the controller 42 is configured to receive the image data, determine whether to lay out powder or exclude the powdering defect according to the image data, or drive the processing mechanism 32 to repair the surface of the workpiece 101.
  • the powder is replenished to the powder spreading mechanism 22 by the powder feeder 24 during the dusting detection, and then the powder spreading mechanism 22 lays the powder on the powder.
  • a camera 41 of the powder bed platform 21 is taken by the camera 41 and transmitted to the controller 42 for detection to obtain a shop on the powder bed platform 21.
  • a powder state and a warped state of the workpiece 101, and the controller 42 is based on the post-powder image
  • the detection result of the data determines whether the powder is laid or excluded.
  • laser light is generated by the laser unit 23 to melt the powder laid on the powder bed platform 21, the powder is melted on the workpiece 101, and the camera 41 is used to shoot a molten image data of the powder bed platform 21 is sent to the controller 42 for detection to obtain a convex state and a concave state of a surface of the workpiece 101, and the controller 42 is further based on The detection result of the image data after the melting determines whether the processing mechanism 32 is driven to repair the surface of the workpiece 101.
  • the detecting unit 4 further has a laser profile sensor 43 that can also be mounted on the replacement joint 323 for sensing one of the powder bed platforms 21. And contouring, and detecting the convex state and the concave state according to the contour, and determining whether to drive the processing mechanism 32 to repair the surface of the workpiece 101.
  • the detecting unit 4 can be detected by the camera 41 alone, such as a Charge-coupled Device (CCD), and can also be detected by using both the camera 41 or the laser profile sensor 43 at the same time. It is not limited by this embodiment.
  • the powdered image data and the fused image data are captured by the camera 41, and then the polled image data and the fused image data are detected by the controller 42. And judge whether there are various defects and distinguish various defects such as a powdering state, a warping state, a convex state, and a concave state. Finally, the controller 42 determines whether to lay or remove the powdering defect, or drives the processing mechanism 32 to repair the surface of the workpiece 101 to increase the yield of the workpiece 101 and shorten the working time. And improving the quality of the workpiece 101.
  • a preferred embodiment of the method for detecting and repairing a powder laminated layer of the present invention is a workpiece 101 which is laminated to the layer by the detecting and repairing apparatus 100 manufactured by the powder layer.
  • the detecting and repairing method includes a powdering step S201, a powdering detecting step S202, a powdering repairing step S203, a melting step S204, a melting detecting step S205, and a melting repairing step S206.
  • a powder is supplied to a powder spreading mechanism 22 by a powder feeder 24, and then the powder spreading mechanism 22 will The powder is laid on a powder bed platform 21.
  • a plurality of image file layers 5 are stacked to form a stereoscopic image of the workpiece 101 , and the workpiece 101 is stacked layer by layer according to the image layer 5 .
  • Each of the image cut layers 5 has a layer area A1 and a layer area A2 of all layers.
  • a powdered image data of the powder bed platform 21 is captured by a camera 41, and transmitted to the controller. 42.
  • the polling detecting step S202 has a powder spreading detecting sub-step S202a and a warping detecting sub-step S202b, and the paving detecting sub-step S202a is detecting the post-powder image data.
  • the music detecting sub-step S202b is to detect a brightness of the sliced contour area A2 of the powdered image data to obtain a warped state of the workpiece 101, wherein a size of the sliced contour area A2 corresponds to A dimension of a section of the workpiece 101.
  • the controller 42 determines whether to lay a powder or exclude a powder according to a detection result of the image data after the powdering. defect. For example, the powdering state on the powder bed platform 21 is not good, and it is judged that the powdering is stopped; or the workpiece 101 is in a warped state, and it is judged that the warpage state of the workpiece 101 is excluded.
  • a laser unit 23 is used to generate laser light to melt the powder laid on the powder bed platform 21, and the powder is melted in the workpiece. 101.
  • the melting detecting step S205 a molten image data of the powder bed platform 21 is imaged by the camera 41, and transmitted to the controller 42 for detection.
  • the melting detecting step S205 has a raised area detecting sub-step S205a, A recessed area detecting sub-step S205b, a raised area processing path sub-step S205c, and a recessed area processing path sub-step S205d.
  • the raised area detecting sub-step S205a is a raised area for detecting the molten image data, and calculates a position and a size of the raised area to obtain a surface of the workpiece 101.
  • a brightness of the raised area is 110% or more of an average brightness of the sliced outline area A2 of the molten image data.
  • the raised area processing path sub-step S205c is after the raised area detecting sub-step S205a, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, according to a planned processing path C1 and the processed area C2 (raised area) The position and size of the calculation of a raised area processing path.
  • the recessed area detecting sub-step S205b is a recessed area for detecting the molten image data, and calculating a position and a size of the recessed area for obtaining a recessed state of a surface of the workpiece 101; A brightness of the recessed area is less than 90% of the average brightness of the sliced outline area A2.
  • the recessed area processing path sub-step S205d is after the recessed area detecting sub-step S205b, as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, according to a planned processing path C1 and the processed area C2 (recessed area) The size calculates a processing path for the recessed area.
  • a contour of the powder bed platform 21 can also be sensed by using a laser profile sensor 43, and the position and size of the raised area or the position and size of the recessed area can be calculated.
  • the height of the raised area is greater than the thickness of the two layers, and the depth of the depressed area is greater than the thickness of the two layers.
  • the controller 42 may perform a detection result of the processed image data, for example, a convex state of the surface of the workpiece 101 or In the recessed state, it is determined whether a processing mechanism 32 is driven to repair the surface of the workpiece 101; in the embodiment, in the melt repairing step S206, the workpiece 101 is firstly processed by the plurality of cutters 321 of the processing mechanism 32. The surface is machined and reamed, and then a laser cladding 322 of the processing mechanism 32 is used to generate laser light to laserly cladding the surface of the workpiece 101.
  • the image data and the fused image data are captured by the camera 41, and then the controller 42 detects the powdered image data and the fused image data. And determining whether there are various defects and distinguishing various defects, such as a powdering state, a warping state, a convex state, and a concave state, and finally determining, by the controller 42, whether to spread or exclude the powdering defect, or
  • the processing mechanism 32 is driven to repair the surface of the workpiece 101 for increasing the yield of the workpiece 101, shortening the working time, and improving the quality of the workpiece 101.

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Abstract

一种粉末积层制造的检测修补装置，该检测修补装置（100）包含一粉床单元（2）、一修补单元（3）及一检测单元（4），所述粉床单元具有一粉床平台（21）、一铺粉机构（22）及一激光单元（23），所述修补单元具有一加工机构（32），所述检测单元具有一摄影机（41）及一控制器（42），所述控制器依据所述摄影机拍摄所述粉床平台的一影像资料，判断是否铺粉或排除铺粉缺陷，或驱动所述加工机构修补一工件（101）的表面。还公开了一种粉末积层制造的检测修补方法。该方法能够利用对铺粉后影像资料及熔融后影像资料进行检测，有效判断各种缺陷，并提高工件的质量。

Description

粉末积层制造的检测修补装置及其方法 技术领域
本发明是有关于一种检测修补装置及其方法，特别是关于一种粉末积层制造的检测修补装置及其方法。
背景技术
积层制造(Additive Manufacturing,AM)技术，也称为加法式制造，所述积层制造技术是通过从三维模型撷取出多个二维切层轮廓，并依据各个二维切层轮廓通过逐层堆积的方式加工出一工件。
目前的积层制造技术主要以激光积层制造技术为主，利用激光熔融的方式，并根据三维模型的多个二维切层轮廓，以铺粉机构铺上一粉末层，再将激光束聚焦在所述粉末层，接着熔融成形二维切层轮廓并逐层堆叠成所述工件。
积层制造过程中，所述工件的质量会受到激光的功率、气体的流场以及粉末的质量等因素的影响，导致所述粉末层产生缺陷，例如铺粉状况不佳、工件翘曲，以及工件的表面形成凸起或凹陷等。然而，目前激光积层制造技术的设备缺乏修正上述缺陷的机构，使得工件的良率，以及所述工件的质量无法有效的提高。
因此，有必要提供改良的一种粉末积层制造的检测修补装置及其方法，以解决现有技术所存在的问题。
发明内容
有鉴于此，本发明主要目的在于提供一种粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，利用对铺粉后影像资料及熔融后影像资料进行检测，可有效的判断各种缺陷，并提高工件的质量。
本发明之另一目的在于提供一种粉末积层制造的检测修补装置，利用摄 影机对粉床平台的检测以及修补单元对工件进行修补，可增加工件的良率。
为达上述之目的，本发明提供一种粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，用以对积层制造的一工件进行检测及修补，所述检测修补方法包含一铺粉步骤、一熔融步骤、一熔融检测步骤及一熔融修补步骤；其中所述铺粉步骤是利用一铺粉机构将一粉末铺设在一粉床平台上；所述熔融步骤是利用一激光单元熔融铺设在所述粉床平台上的粉末；所述熔融检测步骤是利用一摄影机拍摄所述粉床平台的一熔融后影像资料，并传送至所述控制器进行检测；在所述熔融修补步骤中，所述控制器依据所述熔融后影像资料的一检测结果判断是否驱动一加工机构修补所述工件的一表面。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述熔融检测步骤具有一凸起区检测子步骤，用以检测所述熔融后影像资料的凸起区，并计算所述凸起区的一位置及一尺寸。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述凸起区的一亮度为所述熔融后影像资料的一切层轮廓区域的一平均亮度的110％以上。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述熔融检测步骤另具有一凸起区加工路径子步骤，在所述凸起区检测子步骤之后，根据一规划加工路径及所述凸起区的位置及尺寸计算出一凸起区加工路径。
在本发明之一实施例中，在所述熔融修补步骤中，利用所述加工机构的多个刀具依据所述凸起区加工路径对所述工件的表面进行加工。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述熔融检测步骤具有一凹陷区检测子步骤，检测所述熔融后影像资料的凹陷区，并计算所述凹陷区的一位置及一尺寸。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述凹陷区的一亮度为所述熔融后影像资料的一切层轮廓区域的平均亮度的90％以下。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述熔融检测步骤还具有一凹陷区加工路径子步骤，在所述凹陷区检测子步骤之后，根据一规划加工路径及所述凹陷区的 位置及尺寸计算出一凹陷区加工路径。
在本发明之一实施例中，在所述熔融修补步骤中，利用所述加工机构的多个刀具依据所述凹陷区加工路径对所述工件的表面进行扩孔，接着利用所述加工机构的一激光熔覆器对所述工件的表面进行激光熔覆。
在本发明之一实施例中，在所述铺粉步骤之后还包含一铺粉检测步骤，所述铺粉检测步骤是利用所述摄影机拍摄所述粉床平台的一铺粉后影像资料，并传送至所述控制器进行检测。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述铺粉检测步骤具有：一铺粉检测子步骤，检测所述铺粉后影像资料的一切层区域的一亮度；及一翘曲检测子步骤，检测所述铺粉后影像资料的一切层轮廓区域的一亮度。
在本发明之一实施例中，在所述铺粉检测子步骤中，所述铺粉后影像资料的一未铺粉区为所述切层区域的30％以上，则判断铺粉不佳。
在本发明之一实施例中，在所述翘曲检测子步骤中，所述铺粉后影像资料的一翘曲区域为所述切层轮廓区域的10％以上，则判断所述工件为翘曲。
在本发明之一实施例中，在所述铺粉检测步骤之后还包含一铺粉修补步骤，所述控制器依据所述铺粉后影像资料的一检测结果判断是否铺粉或排除一铺粉缺陷。
为达上述之目的，本发明还提供一种粉末积层制造的检测修补装置，用以对积层制造的一工件进行检测及修补，所述检测修补装置包含一粉床单元、一修补单元及一检测单元；其中所述粉床单元具有一粉床平台、一铺粉机构及一激光单元，所述粉床平台用以形成所述工件，所述铺粉机构设置在所述粉床平台上，用以将一粉末铺设在所述粉床平台上，所述激光单元设置在所述粉床平台上方，用以产生激光以熔融所述粉末；所述修补单元具有一移动机构及一加工机构，所述移动机构设置在所述粉床平台上方，所述加工机构安装在所述移动机构上，用以修补所述工件的一表面；所述检测单元具有一 摄影机及一控制器，所述摄影机设置在所述粉床平台上方，用以拍摄所述粉床平台的一影像资料，所述控制器用以接收所述影像资料，并依据所述影像资料判断是否铺粉或排除所述铺粉缺陷，或驱动所述加工机构修补所述工件的表面。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述移动机构具有一个二维移动平台及一个多轴并联式机具，其中所述二维移动平台设置在所述粉床平台上方，所述多轴并联式机具设置在所述二维移动平台上。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述加工机构具有多个刀具及至少一激光熔覆器，其中所述刀具及激光熔覆器可替换地安装在所述多轴并联式机具上。
在本发明之一实施例中，所述检测单元还具有一激光轮廓传感器，用以安装在所述多轴并联式机具上，用以感测所述粉床平台的一轮廓。
如上所述，通过所述摄影机拍摄所述铺粉后影像资料及所述熔融后影像资料，接着由所述控制器对所述铺粉后影像资料及所述熔融后影像资料进行检测，并且判断是否存在各种缺陷以及区分各种缺陷，最后再由所述控制器判断是否铺粉或排除所述铺粉缺陷，或驱动所述加工机构修补所述工件的表面，用以增加所述工件的良率、缩短作业时间及提高所述工件的质量。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明粉末积层制造的检测修补装置的一优选实施例的一立体图。
图2是根据本发明粉末积层制造的检测修补装置的一优选实施例的一侧视图。
图3是根据本发明粉末积层制造的检测修补装置的另一优选实施例的一侧视图。
图4是根据本发明粉末积层制造的检测修补方法的一优选实施例的一流程图。
图5是根据本发明粉末积层制造的检测修补方法的一优选实施例中的图档切层的一示意图。
图6是根据本发明粉末积层制造的检测修补方法的一优选实施例中定义的切层区域及切层轮廓区域的一示意图。
图7是根据本发明粉末积层制造的检测修补方法的一优选实施例中的加工路径规划的一示意图。
图8是根据本发明粉末积层制造的检测修补方法的一优选实施例中的加工区域的一示意图。
实施方式
以下各实施例的说明是参考附加的图式，用以例示本发明可用以实施的特定实施例。再者，本发明所提到的方向用语，例如上、下、顶、底、前、后、左、右、内、外、侧面、周围、中央、水平、横向、垂直、纵向、轴向、径向、最上层或最下层等，仅是参考附加图式的方向。因此，使用的方向用语是用以说明及理解本发明，而非用以限制本发明。
请参照图1、2所示，为本发明之粉末积层制造的检测修补装置的一优选实施例，所述检测修补装置100用以对积层制造的一工件101进行缺陷的检测及修补，例如：铺粉状态不佳、工件翘曲、熔融表面凸起及熔融表面凹陷，其中所述检测修补装置100包含一粉床单元2、一修补单元3及一检测单元4。本发明将于下文详细说明各组件的细部构造、组装关系及其运作原理。
续参照图1、2所示，所述粉床单元2具有一粉床平台21、一铺粉机构22、一激光单元23、一供粉器24，其中所述粉床平台21被设置用以形成所述工件101；所述铺粉机构22设置在所述粉床平台21上，用以将一粉末铺设在所述粉床平台21上；所述激光单元23设置在所述粉床平台21上方，用以产生激光以熔融所述粉末而形成所述工件101；以及所述供粉器24设置在所述粉床平台21上方，用以储存所述粉末，并将所述粉末提供所述铺粉机构 22铺粉。
续参照图1、2所示，所述修补单元3具有一移动机构31及一加工机构32，且所述加工机构32安装在所述移动机构31上，用以修补所述工件101的一表面，其中所述移动机构31具有一个二维移动平台311及一个多轴并联式机具312，所述二维移动平台311设置在所述粉床平台21上方，而所述多轴并联式机具312设置在所述二维移动平台311上，所述二维移动平台311可驱动所述多轴并联式机具312朝一X轴方向或一Y轴方向移动。另外，所述加工机构32具有多个刀具321及至少一激光熔覆器322，其中所述刀具321放置在一刀具盒102中，并通过将一主轴320安装在一置换接头323上，其中所述置换接头323设置在所述多轴并联式机具312的一移动座313的底部；而且所述激光熔覆器322也能够安装在所述置换接头323上，使所述刀具321及所述激光熔覆器322可替换地安装在所述多轴并联式机具312上进行使用。在本实施例中，所述多轴并联式机具312为三轴或五轴的并联式机具，用以控制所述移动座313朝3个或5个轴线方向移动，使所述刀具321及所述激光熔覆器322能够产生激光以在所述工件101的表面的任何区域进行加工。
续参照图1、2所示，所述检测单元4具有一摄影机41及一控制器42，所述摄影机41设置在所述粉床平台21上方，用以拍摄所述粉床平台21的一影像资料；而所述控制器42用以接收所述影像资料，并依据所述影像资料判断是否铺粉或排除铺粉缺陷，或驱动所述加工机构32修补所述工件101的表面。
依据上述的结构，在铺粉检测的过程中，通过所述供粉器24补充所述粉末至所述铺粉机构22上，接着所述铺粉机构22再将所述粉末铺设在所述粉床平台21上，再利用所述摄影机41会拍摄所述粉床平台21的一铺粉后影像资料，并传送至所述控制器42进行检测，以获得所述粉床平台21上的一铺粉状态及所述工件101的一翘曲状态，而所述控制器42依据所述铺粉后影像 资料的检测结果判断是否铺粉或排除所述铺粉缺陷。另外，在熔融检测的过程中，通过所述激光单元23产生激光以熔融铺设在所述粉床平台21上的粉末，使所述粉末熔融在所述工件101上，再利用所述摄影机41拍摄所述粉床平台21的一熔融后影像资料，并传送至所述控制器42进行检测，以获得所述工件101的一表面的一凸起状态及一凹陷状态，所述控制器42再依据所述熔融后影像资料的检测结果，判断是否驱动所述加工机构32修补所述工件101的表面。
另外，如图3所示的另一实施例中，所述检测单元4另具有一激光轮廓传感器43，也能够安装在所述置换接头323上，用以感测所述粉床平台21的一轮廓，并且依据所述轮廓进行所述凸起状态及凹陷状态的检测，判断是否驱动所述加工机构32修补所述工件101的表面。要说明的是，所述检测单元4可单独利用所述摄影机41进行检测，例如感光耦合组件(Charge-coupled Device,CCD)，也能够同时使用所述摄影机41或激光轮廓传感器43两者进行检测，并不以本实施例所局限。
通过上述之设计，通过所述摄影机41拍摄所述铺粉后影像资料及所述熔融后影像资料，接着由所述控制器42对所述铺粉后影像资料及所述熔融后影像资料进行检测，并且判断是否存在各种缺陷以及区分各种缺陷，例如铺粉状态、翘曲状态、凸起状态及凹陷状态。最后，再由所述控制器42判断是否铺粉或排除所述铺粉缺陷，或驱动所述加工机构32修补所述工件101的表面，用以增加所述工件101的良率、缩短作业时间及提高所述工件101的质量。
请参照图4并配合图1、2所示，本发明的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法的一优选实施例，是通过上述粉末积层制造的检测修补装置100对积层制造的一工件101进行检测及修补，所述检测修补方法包含一铺粉步骤S201、一铺粉检测步骤S202、一铺粉修补步骤S203、一熔融步骤S204、一熔融检测步骤S205及一熔融修补步骤S206。
续参照图4并配合图1、2所示，在所述铺粉步骤S201中，是利用一供粉器24补充一粉末至一铺粉机构22上，接着所述铺粉机构22将所述粉末铺设在一粉床平台21上。
要说明的是，如图5、6所示，多个图文件切层5堆叠出所述工件101的一立体图像，所述工件101是依据所述图档切层5逐层堆积而成，其中每一图档切层5具有一切层区域A1及一切层轮廓区域A2。
请参照图4并配合图1、2所示，在所述铺粉检测步骤S202中，是利用一摄影机41拍摄所述粉床平台21的一铺粉后影像资料，并传送至所述控制器42进行检测；具体而言，所述铺粉检测步骤S202具有一铺粉检测子步骤S202a及一翘曲检测子步骤S202b，所述铺粉检测子步骤S202a是检测所述铺粉后影像资料的切层区域A1的一亮度，用以获得所述粉床平台21上的一铺粉状态，其中所述切层区域A1的一尺寸对应所述粉床平台21的一尺寸；另外，所述翘曲检测子步骤S202b是检测所述铺粉后影像资料的切层轮廓区域A2的一亮度，用以获得所述工件101的一翘曲状态，其中所述切层轮廓区域A2的一尺寸对应所述工件101的一截面的一尺寸。
续参照图4并配合图1、2所示，在所述铺粉修补步骤S203中，所述控制器42依据所述铺粉后影像资料的一检测结果，判断是否铺粉或排除一铺粉缺陷。例如：所述粉床平台21上的铺粉状态不佳，将判断停止铺粉；或所述工件101呈翘曲状态，而判断将排除所述工件101的翘曲状态。
续参照图4并配合图1、2所示，在熔融步骤S204中，是利用一激光单元23产生激光以熔融铺设在所述粉床平台21上的粉末，使所述粉末熔融在所述工件101上。
续参照图4并配合图1、2所示，在熔融检测步骤S205中，是利用所述摄影机41拍摄所述粉床平台21的一熔融后影像资料，并传送至所述控制器42进行检测，其中，所述熔融检测步骤S205具有一凸起区检测子步骤S205a、 一凹陷区检测子步骤S205b、一凸起区加工路径子步骤S205c及一凹陷区加工路径子步骤S205d。
具体而言，所述凸起区检测子步骤S205a是检测所述熔融后影像资料的凸起区，并计算所述凸起区的一位置及一尺寸用以获得所述工件101的一表面的一凸起状态，在本实施例中，所述凸起区的一亮度为所述熔融后影像资料的所述切层轮廓区域A2的一平均亮度的110％以上。而且，所述凸起区加工路径子步骤S205c是在所述凸起区检测子步骤S205a之后，如图7、8所示，根据一规划加工路径C1及所述加工区域C2(凸起区)的位置及尺寸计算出一凸起区加工路径。
另外，所述凹陷区检测子步骤S205b是检测所述熔融后影像资料的凹陷区，并计算所述凹陷区的一位置及一尺寸，用以获得所述工件101的一表面的一凹陷状态；所述凹陷区的一亮度为所述切层轮廓区域A2的平均亮度的90％以下。而且，所述凹陷区加工路径子步骤S205d是在所述凹陷区检测子步骤S205b之后，如图7、8所示，根据一规划加工路径C1及所述加工区域C2(凹陷区)的位置及尺寸计算出一凹陷区加工路径。
另外，配合图3所示，也能够利用一激光轮廓传感器43感测所述粉床平台21的一轮廓，并计算所述凸起区的位置及尺寸，或所述凹陷区的位置及尺寸，其中所述凸起区的一高度为二层的铺粉厚度以上，所述凹陷区的一深度为二层的铺粉厚度以上。
请参照图4并配合图1、2所示，在熔融修补步骤S206中，所述控制器42会依据所述熔融后影像资料的一检测结果，例如所述工件101的表面的凸起状态或凹陷状态，而判断是否驱动一加工机构32修补所述工件101的表面；在本实施例中，在熔融修补步骤S206中，是先利用所述加工机构32的多个刀具321对所述工件101的表面进行加工扩孔，接着再利用所述加工机构32的一激光熔覆器322产生激光以对所述工件101的表面进行激光熔覆。
如上所述，通过所述摄影机41拍摄所述铺粉后影像资料及所述熔融后影像资料，接着由所述控制器42对所述铺粉后影像资料及所述熔融后影像资料进行检测，并且判断是否存在各种缺陷以及区分各种缺陷，例如铺粉状态、翘曲状态、凸起状态及凹陷状态，最后再由所述控制器42判断是否铺粉或排除所述铺粉缺陷，或驱动所述加工机构32修补所述工件101的表面，用以增加所述工件101的良率、缩短作业时间及提高所述工件101的质量。
本发明已由上述相关实施例加以描述，然而上述实施例仅为实施本发明的范例。必需指出的是，已公开的实施例并未限制本发明的范围。相反的，包含于权利要求书的精神及范围的修改及均等设置均包括于本发明的范围内。

Claims (18)

  1. 一种粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，用以对积层制造的一工件进行检测及修补，其特征在于：所述检测修补方法包含步骤：
    一铺粉步骤，利用一铺粉机构将一粉末铺设在一粉床平台上；
    一熔融步骤，利用一激光单元熔融铺设在所述粉床平台上的粉末；
    一熔融检测步骤，利用一摄影机拍摄所述粉床平台的一熔融后影像资料，并传送至所述控制器进行检测；及
    一熔融修补步骤，所述控制器依据所述熔融后影像资料的一检测结果判断是否驱动一加工机构修补所述工件的一表面。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：所述熔融检测步骤具有一凸起区检测子步骤，用以检测所述熔融后影像资料的凸起区，并计算所述凸起区的一位置及一尺寸。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：所述凸起区的一亮度为所述熔融后影像资料的一切层轮廓区域的一平均亮度的110％以上。
  4. 如权利要求2所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：所述熔融检测步骤还具有一凸起区加工路径子步骤，在所述凸起区检测子步骤之后，根据一规划加工路径及所述凸起区的位置及尺寸计算出一凸起区加工路径。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：在所述熔融修补步骤中，利用所述加工机构的多个刀具依据所述凸起区加工路径对所述工件的表面进行加工。
  6. 如权利要求1所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：所述熔融检测步骤具有一凹陷区检测子步骤，检测所述熔融后影像资料的凹陷区，并计算所述凹陷区的一位置及一尺寸。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：所述凹陷区的一亮度为所述熔融后影像资料的一切层轮廓区域的平均亮度的90％以下。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：所述熔融检测步骤还具有一凹陷区加工路径子步骤，在所述凹陷区检测子步骤之后，根据一规划加工路径及所述凹陷区的位置及尺寸计算出一凹陷区加工路径。
  9. 如权利要求8所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：在所述熔融修补步骤中，利用所述加工机构的多个刀具依据所述凹陷区加工路径对所述工件的表面进行扩孔，接着利用所述加工机构的一激光熔覆器对所述工件的表面进行激光熔覆。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：在所述铺粉步骤之后还包含一铺粉检测步骤，所述铺粉检测步骤是利用所述摄影机拍摄所述粉床平台的一铺粉后影像资料，并传送至所述控制器进行检测。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：所述铺粉检测步骤具有：一铺粉检测子步骤，检测所述铺粉后影像资料的一切层区域的一亮度；及一翘曲检测子步骤，检测所述铺粉后影像资料的一切层轮廓区域的一亮度。
  12. 如权利要求10所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：在所述铺粉检测子步骤中，所述铺粉后影像资料的一未铺粉区为所述切层区域的30％以上，则判断铺粉不佳。
  13. 如权利要求10所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：在所述翘曲检测子步骤中，所述铺粉后影像资料的一翘曲区域为所述切层轮廓区域的10％以上，则判断所述工件为翘曲。
  14. 如权利要求10所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补方法，其特征在于：在所述铺粉检测步骤之后还包含一铺粉修补步骤，所述控制器依据所述铺粉后影像资料的一检测结果判断是否铺粉或排除一铺粉缺陷。
  15. 一种粉末积层制造的检测修补装置，用以对积层制造的一工件进行检测及修补，其特征在于：所述检测修补装置包含：
    一粉床单元，具有：一粉床平台，用以形成所述工件；一铺粉机构，设置在所述粉床平台上，用以将一粉末铺设在所述粉床平台上；及一激光单元，设置在所述粉床平台上方，用以熔融所述粉末；
    一修补单元，具有：一移动机构，设置在所述粉床平台上方；及一加工机构，安装在所述移动机构上，用以修补所述工件的一表面；及
    一检测单元，具有：一摄影机，设置在所述粉床平台上方，用以拍摄所述粉床平台的一影像资料；及一控制器，用以接收所述影像资料，并依据所述影像资料判断是否铺粉或排除一铺粉缺陷，或驱动所述加工机构修补所述工件的表面。
  16. 如权利要求15所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补装置，其特征在于：所述移动机构具有：一个二维移动平台，设置在所述粉床平台上方；及一个多轴并联式机具，设置在所述二维移动平台上。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补装置，其特征在于：所述加工机构具有多个刀具及至少一激光熔覆器，所述刀具及激光熔覆器能够替换地安装在所述多轴并联式机具上。
  18. 如权利要求16所述的粉末积层制造的检测修补装置，其特征在于：所述检测单元还具有一激光轮廓传感器，用以安装在所述多轴并联式机具上，用以感测所述粉床平台的一轮廓。
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CN111974991A (zh) * 2019-12-26 2020-11-24 中北大学 一种slm复合制造基础零件定位图像采集装置及方法
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