WO2018076854A1 - 具有铜导条的电机转子结构 - Google Patents

具有铜导条的电机转子结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018076854A1
WO2018076854A1 PCT/CN2017/095066 CN2017095066W WO2018076854A1 WO 2018076854 A1 WO2018076854 A1 WO 2018076854A1 CN 2017095066 W CN2017095066 W CN 2017095066W WO 2018076854 A1 WO2018076854 A1 WO 2018076854A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
end ring
copper
rotor
steel
end rings
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PCT/CN2017/095066
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张诗香
张胜川
许力文
庄朝晖
李鹏
兰红玉
张敬才
汤亚男
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蔚来汽车有限公司
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Application filed by 蔚来汽车有限公司 filed Critical 蔚来汽车有限公司
Publication of WO2018076854A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018076854A1/zh

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H02K17/165—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors characterised by the squirrel-cage or other short-circuited windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/26—Rotor cores with slots for windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K17/00—Asynchronous induction motors; Asynchronous induction generators
    • H02K17/02—Asynchronous induction motors
    • H02K17/16—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors
    • H02K17/168—Asynchronous induction motors having rotors with internally short-circuited windings, e.g. cage rotors having single-cage rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/02—Windings characterised by the conductor material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K3/00—Details of windings
    • H02K3/04—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors
    • H02K3/12—Windings characterised by the conductor shape, form or construction, e.g. with bar conductors arranged in slots

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of electric machines, and in particular provides a motor rotor structure with a copper bar.
  • Copper rotor asynchronous motors are widely used in traction motors for high-power electric vehicles because of their high reliability and good speed range.
  • the copper channel of the traditional copper bar asynchronous motor is filled with copper bars.
  • the two ends of the rotor are respectively provided with a copper end ring with the same number of slots and a radial size.
  • the two ends of the copper bar are respectively inserted into the copper end.
  • the guide strip and the end ring are fastened in the groove of the ring by a welding process, so that the copper bars and the two end rings in the rotor form a closed loop. Since the resistance of copper is lower than that of aluminum, the thermal conductivity is better than that of aluminum, so that the copper rotor can effectively improve the efficiency and power density of the traction motor.
  • the motor is driven at high speed, resulting in a copper end ring.
  • the displacement deformation and the magnetic isolation bridge on both sides of the rotor core cause a large stress concentration.
  • the present invention provides a motor rotor structure having a copper bar, which has a copper bar
  • the motor rotor structure comprises: a rotor core, the rotor core is provided with a rotor slot; a copper bar, the copper bar is disposed in the rotor slot; and a rotor end ring, the rotor end ring is respectively disposed at
  • the two ends of the rotor core are characterized in that: the rotor end ring comprises: at least one piece of copper end ring, the at least one piece of copper end ring is provided with a first end ring groove along an axial direction thereof; at least one steel end ring The at least one steel end ring is disposed with a second end ring groove along an axial direction thereof, and the steel end ring is alternately laminated with the copper end ring along an axial direction
  • the copper end rings are integrally formed by a welding process.
  • the at least one steel end ring includes a plurality of steel end rings, and in the assembled state, one of the plurality of steel end rings has a steel end ring One end face abuts against the rotor core.
  • one end of the rotor end ring away from the rotor core is a copper end ring.
  • the first end ring groove and/or the second end ring groove are the same number as the rotor groove, and in the assembled state The first end ring groove and/or the second end ring groove are aligned with the rotor groove.
  • the copper end ring and/or the steel end ring have a radial dimension that is the same as the radial dimension of the rotor core.
  • the copper end rings and/or the steel end rings are sheet structures made by stamping.
  • the rotor end ring includes five copper end rings and two steel end rings disposed at each end of the rotor core.
  • the two steel end rings include a steel end ring disposed at the first position and disposed at the second Another steel end ring in the fourth or fifth position.
  • the motor is an asynchronous machine.
  • the rotor end ring is arranged in a structure in which a plurality of copper end rings and a plurality of steel end rings are alternately laminated, and each copper is welded by a welding process.
  • the end ring is welded into a unitary structure, and the steel end ring is pressed and fixed between the copper end rings. Due to the high rigidity of the steel, it can withstand a large deformation force, so that the rotor end ring is even high. No displacement occurs at the rotational speed, thereby reducing the stress concentration of the rotor core while ensuring structural rigidity.
  • FIG. 1 is a side view showing a schematic view of a rotor structure of a motor having a copper bar according to the present invention
  • Figure 2 is an end elevational view of the rotor structure of the motor with copper bars of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a front elevational view of the copper end ring of the rotor structure of the motor of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a front elevational view of a steel end ring of the rotor structure of the motor of the present invention.
  • the terms “installation”, “connected”, and “connected” are to be understood broadly, and may be fixed connections, for example, or It is a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, which can be the internal communication of two pieces.
  • installation is to be understood broadly, and may be fixed connections, for example, or It is a detachable connection, or an integral connection; it can be a mechanical connection or an electrical connection; it can be directly connected or indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, which can be the internal communication of two pieces.
  • the motor rotor structure of the present invention having a copper bar includes a rotor core 1, a copper bar 2, a rotor end ring 3, and a rotating shaft 4.
  • a rotor slot (not shown) is disposed on the rotor core 1, and the copper bar 2 is mounted in the rotor slot.
  • the rotor end rings 3 are respectively located at both ends of the rotor core 1 (left and right ends of the rotor core 1 in Fig. 1), and both ends of the copper bars 2 are fixedly coupled to the rotor end rings 3, respectively.
  • the rotating shaft 4 is coaxially fixedly coupled to the rotor core 1, and preferably, an interference fit is adopted between the rotating shaft 4 and the rotor core 1.
  • the rotor end ring 3 includes a plurality of copper end rings 31 and a plurality of steel end rings 32, and the copper end rings 31 and the steel end rings 32 are alternately stacked. Further, the dimensions of the copper end ring 31 and the steel end ring 32 in the radial direction are the same as those of the rotor core 1, or those skilled in the art The member can also adjust the radial dimension of the copper end ring 31 and the steel end ring 32 according to actual needs.
  • the copper end ring 31 is provided with a first end ring groove 311 in the direction of its axis.
  • the number of the first end ring grooves 311 is the same as the number of the rotor grooves on the rotor core 1.
  • the shape of the first end ring groove 311 is the same as the shape of the rotor groove on the rotor core 1, and in the assembled state, the first end ring groove 311 and the rotor groove are aligned with each other so as to be fixed to the rotor groove.
  • the copper bar 2 in the middle can pass through the first end ring groove 311.
  • the number of the first end ring grooves 311 may be more than the number of the rotor slots, and the size of the first end ring grooves 311 may be larger or smaller than the size of the rotor slots, as long as the assembly is good.
  • each of the copper bars 2 can pass through the first end ring groove 311 and can interfere with the first end ring groove 311.
  • the first end hole 312 is further disposed at the axial position of the copper end ring 31.
  • the first through hole 312 enables the copper end ring 31 to be sleeved on the rotating shaft 4.
  • the copper end ring 31 and the rotating shaft 4 are provided with a clearance fit.
  • the steel end ring 32 is provided with a second end ring groove 321 in the direction of its axis.
  • the number of the second end ring grooves 321 is the same as the number of the rotor grooves on the rotor core 1.
  • the shape of the second end ring groove 321 is the same as the shape of the rotor groove on the rotor core 1, and in the assembled state, the second end ring groove 321 and the rotor groove are aligned with each other so as to be fixed to the rotor groove.
  • the upper copper bar 2 can pass through the second end ring groove 321 .
  • each of the copper bars 2 can pass through the second end ring groove 321 .
  • a second through hole 322 is further disposed at an axial position of the steel end ring 32. The second through hole 322 enables the steel end ring 32 to be fitted over the rotating shaft 4. Preferably, a clearance fit is adopted between the steel end ring 32 and the rotating shaft 4.
  • all the copper bars 2 are first inserted into the rotor slots, and then a piece of steel end ring 32 is inserted into the left end of the copper bar 2 (the copper guide in FIG. 1).
  • the left end of the strip 2), and the end face of the steel end ring 32 close to the rotor core 1 is attached to the rotor core 1; then two copper end rings 31 and a piece of steel end ring 32 are sequentially inserted into the left end of the copper bar 2; Finally, three copper end rings 31 are inserted into the left end of the copper bar 2, and all the copper end rings 31 are welded into a unitary structure.
  • the above steps are repeated to insert the copper end ring 31 and the steel end ring 32 into the right end of the copper bar 2 (the right end of the copper bar 2 in Fig. 1) and weld all the copper end rings 32 together by welding.
  • the copper end ring 31 and the steel end ring 32 can adopt other interactive laminated arrangements in addition to the above-mentioned interactive lamination arrangement, for example, every other piece of copper end ring 31.
  • a piece of steel end ring 32 is provided. It will also be understood by those skilled in the art that the number of copper end rings 31 and steel end rings 32 can also be set according to specific needs.
  • copper end rings 31 can be fixedly connected by other connection methods in addition to the connection manner by soldering.
  • the copper end ring 31 and the steel end ring 32 are both sheet structures formed by a stamping process, and those skilled in the art can select the copper end ring 31 and the steel end ring 32 according to specific needs. The thickness is adjusted separately.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Induction Machinery (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Motors, Generators (AREA)

Abstract

一种具有铜导条的电机转子结构，该电机转子结构包括设置有转子槽的转子铁芯（1）、设置在转子槽内的铜导条（2）和设置在转子铁芯（1）两端的转子端环（3）；转子端环（3）包括多个铜端环（31）和多个钢端环（32），钢端环（32）与铜端环（31）交互叠层布置，并且各铜端环（31）通过焊接形成一个整体。由于钢具有很高的刚度，能够承受很大的形变力，在铜端环（31）之间设置钢端环（32），并用铜端环（31）压紧钢端环（32），使得转子端环（3）即便在很高的转速下也不会发生位移形变，从而保证结构刚度的同时降低了转子铁芯（1）的应力集中。

Description

具有铜导条的电机转子结构 技术领域
本发明属于电机领域，具体提供一种具有铜导条的电机转子结构。
背景技术
铜转子异步电机因其可靠性高、调速范围良好被广泛应用于大功率电动汽车牵引电机中。传统的铜导条异步电机的转子槽中插满了铜导条，转子的两端分别设置有一片与其槽数量相等并且径向尺寸相当的铜端环，铜导条的两端分别插入铜端环的槽内，并通过焊接工艺把导条和端环紧固，使转子内的各铜导条和两片端环形成闭合的回路。由于铜的电阻比铝低，导热性也比铝好，使得铜转子能够有效地提高牵引电机的效率和功率密度，但是由于铜的密度高，使得电机在高转速运行时，导致铜端环的位移形变以及会使转子铁心两侧的隔磁桥产生很大的应力集中。
相应地，本领域需要一种新的电机转子结构来解决上述问题。
发明内容
为了解决现有技术中的上述问题，即为了解决如何降低转子铁心集中应力和如何避免铜端环位移形变的问题，本发明提供了一种具有铜导条的电机转子结构，该具有铜导条的电机转子结构包括：转子铁芯，所述转子铁芯上设置有转子槽；铜导条，所述铜导条设置在所述转子槽内；转子端环，所述转子端环分别设置在所述转子铁芯的两端，其特征在于，所述转子端环包括：至少一片铜端环，所述至少一片铜端环沿其轴线方向设置有第一端环槽；至少一片钢端环，所述至少一片钢端环沿其轴线方向设置有第二端环槽，所述钢端环沿其轴线方向与所述铜端环交互叠层设置；其中，所述铜导条的两端分别穿过第一端环槽和第二端环槽。
在上述具有铜导条的电机转子结构的优选实施方式中，所述铜端环通过焊接工艺形成一个整体。
在上述具有铜导条的电机转子结构的优选实施方式中，所述至少一片钢端环包括多个钢端环，在装配好的状态下，所述多个钢端环中的一片钢端环的一个端面抵靠所述转子铁芯。
在上述具有铜导条的电机转子结构的优选实施方式中，在装配好的状态下，所述转子端环远离所述转子铁芯的一端是铜端环。
在上述具有铜导条的电机转子结构的优选实施方式中，所述第一端环槽和/或所述第二端环槽与所述转子槽数量相同，并且在装配好的状态下所述第一端环槽和/或所述第二端环槽与所述转子槽彼此对准。
在上述具有铜导条的电机转子结构的优选实施方式中，所述铜端环和/或所述钢端环的径向尺寸与所述转子铁芯的径向尺寸相同。
在上述具有铜导条的电机转子结构的优选实施方式中，所述铜端环和/或所述钢端环是通过冲压制成的薄片结构。
在上述具有铜导条的电机转子结构的优选实施方式中，所述转子端环包括设置在所述转子铁芯的每一端的5个铜端环和2个钢端环。
在上述具有铜导条的电机转子结构的优选实施方式中，从所述转子铁芯的端部起算，所述2个钢端环包括设置在第一位置的一个钢端环以及设置在第二、第四或第五位置的另一个钢端环。
在上述具有铜导条的电机转子结构的优选实施方式中，所述电机是异步电机。
本领域技术人员能够理解的是，在本发明的优选技术方案中，通过将转子端环设置成多个铜端环和多个钢端环交互叠层布置的结构，并通过焊接工艺将各铜端环焊接成一个整体的结构，并将钢端环压紧固定在各铜端环之间，由于钢具有很高的刚度，能够承受很大的形变力，使得转子端环即便在很高的转速下也不会发生位移，从而在保证结构刚度的同时降低了转子铁芯的应力集中。
附图说明
图1是本发明的具有铜导条的电机转子结构的侧视效果示意图；
图2是本发明的具有铜导条的电机转子结构的端视图；
图3是本发明的电机转子结构的铜端环的正视图；
图4是本发明的电机转子结构的钢端环的正视图。
具体实施方式
下面参照附图来描述本发明的优选实施方式。本领域技术人员应当理解的是，这些实施方式仅仅用于解释本发明的技术原理，并非旨在限制本发明的保护范围。例如，虽然附图中各部件之间是按一定比例关系进行绘制的，但是这种比例关系非一成不变，本领域技术人员可以根据需要对其作出调整，以便适应具体的应用场合。
需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，术语“中心”、“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“内”、“外”等指示的方向或位置关系的术语是基于附图所示的方向或位置关系，这仅仅是为了便于描述，而不是指示或暗示所述装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本发明的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”、“第三”仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性。
此外，还需要说明的是，在本发明的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“安装”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体地连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两片元件内部的连通。对于本领域技术人员而言，可根据具体情况理解上述术语在本发明中的具体含义。
如图1和图2所示，本发明的具有铜导条的电机转子结构包括：转子铁芯1、铜导条2、转子端环3和转轴4。转子铁芯1上设置有转子槽(图中未示出)，铜导条2安装在转子槽内。转子端环3分别位于转子铁芯1的两端(图1中转子铁芯1的左右两端)，并且铜导条2的两端分别与转子端环3固定连接。转轴4与转子铁芯1同轴固定连接，优选地，转轴4与转子铁芯1之间采用过盈配合。
如图1所示，转子端环3包括多片铜端环31和多片钢端环32，并且铜端环31和钢端环32之间交互层叠设置。进一步，铜端环31和钢端环32径向上的尺寸与转子铁芯1的尺寸相同，或者本领域技术人 员也可以根据实际需要，对铜端环31和钢端环32径向上的尺寸进行调整。
如图2和图3所示，铜端环31沿其轴线的方向上设置有第一端环槽311，优选地，第一端环槽311的数量与转子铁芯1上转子槽的数量相同，第一端环槽311的形状大小和转子铁芯1上的转子槽的形状大小相同，并且在组装好的状态下，第一端环槽311与转子槽彼此对准，以便固定到转子槽中的铜导条2能够穿过第一端环槽311。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，第一端环槽311的数量还可以多于转子槽的数量，第一端环槽311的尺寸大小可以大于或小于转子槽的尺寸大小，只要保证在组装好状态下，每根铜导条2都能够穿过第一端环槽311并且能够与第一端环槽311抵触即可。铜端环31的轴线位置处还设置有第一通孔312，第一通孔312使得铜端环31能够套在转轴4的上，优选地，铜端环31与转轴4之间采用间隙配合，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，为了避免铜端环31在高速旋转时出现晃动现象，铜端环31和转轴4之间的间隙需要做得足够小。本领域技术技术人员能够理解的是，铜端环31与转轴4之间除了采用间隙配合的方式外，很明显还有其他的配合连接方式，例如，过盈配合连接。
如图2和图4所示，钢端环32沿其轴线的方向上设置有第二端环槽321，优选地，第二端环槽321的数量与转子铁芯1上转子槽的数量相同，第二端环槽321的形状大小和转子铁芯1上的转子槽的形状大小相同，并且在组装好的状态下，第二端环槽321与转子槽彼此对准，以便固定到转子槽上的铜导条2能够穿过第二端环槽321。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，第二端环槽321的数量还可以多于转子槽的数量，第二端环槽321的尺寸大小可以大于或小于转子槽的尺寸大小，只要保证在组装好状态下，每根铜导条2都能够穿过第二端环槽321即可。钢端环32的轴线位置处还设置有第二通孔322，第二通孔322使得钢端环32能够套在转轴4的上，优选地，钢端环32与转轴4之间采用间隙配合，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，为了避免钢端环32在高速旋转时出现晃动现象，钢端环32和转轴4之间的间隙需要做的足够小。本领域技术技术人员能够理解的是，钢端环32与转轴4之间除了采用间隙配合的方式外，很明显还有其他的配合连接方式，例如，过盈配合连接。
如图1和图2所示，本发明的转子结构在组装时，先将所有铜导条2都插入转子槽，然后将一片钢端环32插入铜导条2的左端(图1中铜导条2的左端)，并且该钢端环32靠近转子铁芯1的端面与转子铁芯1贴合；再依次将两片铜端环31和一片钢端环32插入铜导条2的左端；最后将三片铜端环31插入铜导条2的左端，并将所有的铜端环31通过焊接成一个整体结构。然后重复上述步骤将铜端环31和钢端环32插入铜导条2的右端(图1中铜导条2的右端)并通过焊接将所有铜端环32焊接一个整体。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，铜端环31和钢端环32除了采用上述的交互叠层布置方式外，还可以采用其他的交互叠层布置方式，例如，每隔一片铜端环31就设置一片钢端环32。本领域技术人员还能够理解的是，铜端环31和钢端环32的数量还可以根据具体需要进行设置。
需要说明的是，在铜端环31焊接之前，需要将所有铜端环31和钢端环32压紧，以便在所有铜端环31焊接完成之后，转子端环3在高速旋转时每片钢端环32都能够与铜端环31充分接触。本领域技术人员能够理解的是，由于钢的刚度比铜好，设置有钢端环32的转子端环3在高速旋转时，可有效地减小自身的形变位移以及降低转子铁芯1的应力集中。
本领域技术人员还能够理解的是，铜端环31之间除了通过焊接的连接方式外，还可以通过其他的连接方式进行固定连接。
在本发明的转子结构的优选实施方式中，铜端环31和钢端环32都是通过冲压工艺制成的薄片结构，本领域技术人员可根据具体需要对铜端环31和钢端环32的厚度分别进行调整。
至此，已经结合附图所示的优选实施方式描述了本发明的技术方案，但是，本领域技术人员容易理解的是，本发明的保护范围显然不局限于这些具体实施方式。在不偏离本发明的原理的前提下，本领域技术人员可以对相关技术特征作出等同的更改或替换，这些更改或替换之后的技术方案都将落入本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种具有铜导条的电机转子结构，所述电机转子结构包括：
    转子铁芯，所述转子铁芯上设置有转子槽；
    铜导条，所述铜导条设置在所述转子槽内；
    转子端环，所述转子端环分别设置在所述转子铁芯的两端，
    其特征在于，所述转子端环包括：
    至少一片铜端环，所述至少一片铜端环沿其轴线方向设置有第一端环槽；
    至少一片钢端环，所述至少一片钢端环沿其轴线方向设置有第二端环槽，所述钢端环沿其轴线方向与所述铜端环交互叠层设置；
    其中，所述铜导条的两端分别穿过第一端环槽和第二端环槽。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的具有铜导条的电机转子结构，其特征在于，所述铜端环通过焊接形成一个整体。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的具有铜导条的电机转子结构，其特征在于，所述至少一片钢端环包括多个钢端环，在装配好的状态下，所述多个钢端环中的一片钢端环的一个端面抵靠所述转子铁芯。
  4. 根据权利要求3所述的具有铜导条的电机转子结构，其特征在于，在装配好的状态下，所述转子端环远离所述转子铁芯的一端是铜端环。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的具有铜导条的电机转子结构，其特征在于，所述第一端环槽和/或所述第二端环槽与所述转子槽数量相同，并且在装配好的状态下所述第一端环槽和/或所述第二端环槽与所述转子槽彼此对准。
  6. 根据权利要求5所述的具有铜导条的电机转子结构，其特征在于，所述铜端环和/或所述钢端环的径向尺寸与所述转子铁芯的径向尺寸相同。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的具有铜导条的电机转子结构，其特征在于，所述铜端环和/或所述钢端环是通过冲压制成的薄片结构。
  8. 根据权利要求1至7中任一项所述的具有铜导条的电机转子结构，其特征在于，所述转子端环包括设置在所述转子铁芯的每一端的5个铜端环和2个钢端环。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的具有铜导条的电机转子结构，其特征在于，从所述转子铁芯的端部起算，所述2个钢端环包括设置在第一位置的一个钢端环以及设置在第二、第四或第五位置的另一个钢端环。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的具有铜导条的电机转子结构，其特征在于，所述电机是异步电机。
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