WO2018076485A1

WO2018076485A1 - Motor

Info

Publication number: WO2018076485A1
Application number: PCT/CN2016/109715
Authority: WO
Inventors: 吴迪; 陈金涛; 诸自强; 胡义明; 王洪晓
Original assignee: 广东威灵电机制造有限公司; 美的威灵电机技术（上海）有限公司
Priority date: 2016-10-31
Filing date: 2016-12-13
Publication date: 2018-05-03

Abstract

A motor (1000), comprising: a stator (100) and a plurality of rotor parts (200), wherein the stator (100) and any two of the plurality of rotor parts (200) may rotate relative to each other; a switching mechanism (300), which, by means of selectively fixing a relative position of the stator (100) and at least two from among the plurality of rotor parts (200), selects at least one from among the plurality of rotor parts to serve as a rotor part which may rotate relative to the stator (100).

Description

Motor

Technical field

The present invention relates to the field of motor manufacturing technology, and more particularly to an electric machine.

Background technique

With the development of technology, the speed control function of the motor has gradually gained more attention. Under normal circumstances, due to the limitation of the bus voltage of the power grid or the drive system, the motor needs to perform special control or structural design to adjust the working speed while taking into account the torque characteristics. At present, the more common method is to use weak magnetic control, but this method has certain limitations on the parameters of the motor, and can not balance the operation of low speed and large torque and high speed and low torque.

In the related art, some motors adopt variable-pole induction speed regulation, such as a pole-changing induction motor. At a fixed grid frequency, by changing the connection mode of the stator windings, the number of rotor poles induced in the rotor cage is adjusted to adjust the motor speed. . However, the above-mentioned speed regulation mode is not applicable to the synchronous motor, and the connection mode of the stator winding needs to be changed, the application range is small, and the structure is complicated. In addition, some motors use a low-coercive permanent magnet such as AlNiCo to form a memory motor, and then the on-line adjustment of the magnetization direction of the rotor permanent magnet through the winding to achieve the purpose of synchronous motor pole-changing, however, this adjustment The low-coercive permanent magnet magnetic energy level used in the speed mode has a lower magnetic energy level, which causes the overall power density of the motor to be much lower than that of the conventional permanent magnet synchronous motor, so that the practical application range of the motor is more limited.

Summary of the invention

The present invention aims to solve at least one of the above technical problems in the related art to some extent. To this end, the present invention provides a motor having a compact structure, a small footprint, and a wide operating range, and can realize controlled adjustment of the number of rotor poles and the operating frequency without changing the connection of the motor windings, and has high torque. , high power density and other advantages.

An electric machine according to an embodiment of the present invention includes: a stator and a plurality of rotor portions, wherein any one of the stator and the plurality of rotor portions is relatively rotatable; a switching mechanism that is selectively fixed by the switching mechanism The relative positions of the stator and at least two of the plurality of rotor portions are selected to select at least one of the plurality of rotor portions to serve as a rotor rotatable relative to the stator.

The motor according to the embodiment of the invention has compact structure, small occupied space and wide working range, and can realize controlled adjustment of the number of rotor poles and the operating frequency without changing the connection of the motor windings, and has high torque, high power density, etc. advantage.

In addition, the motor according to an embodiment of the invention may also have the following additional technical features:

According to an embodiment of the invention, the stator and the plurality of rotor portions are nested along a radial interval of the motor Set.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the stator is located outside or inside the plurality of rotor portions in the radial direction of the motor.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the switching mechanism includes: a stator fixing ring, a fixed position of the stator fixing ring and the stator is fixed; a plurality of rotor fixing rings, a plurality of the rotor fixing rings and a plurality of The relative position of the rotor portion is fixed; the driving portion and the synchronizer are driven to slide by the driving portion, and the synchronizer is optionally coupled to the stator fixing ring and the plurality of the rotor fixing rings At least two fits to fix a relative position of at least two of the stator and the plurality of rotor portions.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the driving portion is a control coil that drives the synchronizer to slide by electromagnetic induction.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the synchronizer, the stator retaining ring and the plurality of the rotor retaining rings are respectively provided with latching teeth, and the latching teeth on the synchronizer are optionally coupled to the stator retaining ring Engaging with a latch on at least two of the plurality of rotor retaining rings.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the stator comprises: a stator core of the stator; a stator winding, the stator winding being wound on the stator core.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the plurality of rotor portions comprise at least one permanent magnet rotor portion and at least one reluctance rotor portion.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the permanent magnet rotor portion includes: a rotor core of the rotor; a permanent magnet, the permanent magnet being disposed on the core of the rotor.

According to an embodiment of the present invention, the reluctance type rotor portion includes: a plurality of magnet cores; a plurality of non-magnetically-permeable spacers, a plurality of the magnet cores and a plurality of the non-magnetic spacers The circumferential directions of the motors are alternately arranged.

According to an embodiment of the invention, the electric machine further includes a controller, the controller being in communication with the stator and the switching mechanism, respectively.

DRAWINGS

1 is a schematic structural view of a motor according to an embodiment of the present invention;

2 is a schematic structural view of a motor in a first operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

3 is a schematic structural view of a switching mechanism of a motor in a first operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

4 is a schematic structural view of a motor in a second operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

5 is a schematic structural view of a switching mechanism of a motor in a second operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

6 is a schematic structural view of a motor in a third operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention;

7 is a schematic structural view of a switching mechanism of a motor in a third operating state according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Reference mark:

1000: motor; 100: stator; 200: rotor portion; 300: switching mechanism; 310: stator fixing ring; 320: rotor fixing ring; 330: driving portion; 340: synchronizer; 350: card tooth.

detailed description

The embodiments of the present invention are described in detail below, and the examples of the embodiments are illustrated in the drawings, wherein the same or similar reference numerals are used to refer to the same or similar elements or elements having the same or similar functions. The embodiments described below with reference to the drawings are intended to be illustrative of the invention and are not to be construed as limiting.

An electric motor 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to Figs.

The motor 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention includes a stator 100, a plurality of rotor portions 200, and a switching mechanism 300. Specifically, the stator 100 and any two of the plurality of rotor portions 200 are relatively rotatable, and the switching mechanism 300 selects a plurality of rotors by selectively fixing the relative positions of the stator 100 and two of the plurality of rotor portions 200 At least one of the portions 200 acts as a rotor that is rotatable relative to the stator 100 to drive the load.

In other words, the motor 1000 is mainly composed of the stator 100, the plurality of rotor portions 200, and the switching mechanism 300. The stator 100, the rotor portion 200, and the rotor portion 200 are formed substantially in a cylindrical structure, and are coaxially disposed in the axial direction of the motor 1000, and any two of the stator 100 and the plurality of rotor portions 200 are relatively rotatable, that is, Any one of the rotor portions 200 may perform a rotational motion with respect to the stator 100 and the remaining rotor portions 200.

Further, the switching mechanism 300 can fix the relative position between the stator 100 and the one or more rotor portions 200. When the motor 1000 is in operation, the rotor portion 200 fixed to the relative position of the stator 100 is fixed, and the remaining rotor portions 200 serve as Rotating rotor. The switching mechanism 300 can also fix the relative positions of the plurality of rotor portions 200, and when the motor 1000 is in operation, the plurality of rotor portions 200 collectively function as a rotatable rotor. In other words, when the motor 1000 is in operation, the stator 100 is never rotated, and each of the rotor portions 200 can be controlled by the switching mechanism 300 to be rotatable to function as a rotor. Therefore, if the number of the rotor portions 200 is n, 2^n-1 kinds of operating states can be formed, thereby corresponding to 2^n-1 kinds of pole pairs, thereby realizing the motor without changing the winding connection of the motor 1000. The variable pole pressure operation of 1000 realizes the control adjustment of the number of rotor poles and the operating frequency of the motor 1000.

Therefore, when the motor 1000 operates in the low-speed and large-torque area, the operating state of the equivalent pole pair is high, and the output torque is large. When the motor 1000 is operated in the high-speed running section, the equivalent pole pair is used. The running state naturally meets the high-speed working requirement without the need for weak magnetic control, and the efficiency is greatly improved because the operating frequency is lowered, thereby effectively increasing the torque density and high power density of the motor 1000, and increasing the application of the motor 1000. range.

According to the motor 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention, by using the magnetic flux modulation effect, at least two of the stator 100 and the plurality of rotor portions 200 can be relatively rotated by being disposed in any two, and at least two of them can be selectively fixed by the switching mechanism 300, thereby At least one of the plurality of rotor portions 200 is formed as a rotor that is rotatable relative to the stator 100, thereby not changing the motor In the case of 1000 winding connection, the control of the number of rotor poles and the running frequency of the motor 1000 is realized, thereby realizing the switching between the optimal speed range of the motor 1000 in the low speed large torque section and the high speed low torque section, thereby effectively improving the motor. The torque density and high power density of 1000 increase the application range of the motor 1000.

Since there is no need for field weakening control and changing winding connections, the operating frequency is reduced to greatly increase system efficiency and greatly simplify the complexity of the control circuit.

The motor 1000 has the advantages of compact structure, small occupied space and wide working range, and can realize controlled adjustment of the number of rotor poles and the operating frequency without changing the winding connection of the motor 1000, and has the advantages of high torque, high power density, etc. Achieve high-efficiency operation over the entire working range, suitable for applications with frequent load changes, such as electric vehicles, washing machines, wind power and aerospace.

Further, the motor 1000 according to an embodiment of the present invention further includes a controller (not shown) that communicates with the stator 100 and the switching mechanism 300, respectively. The controller determines the optimal working pole number corresponding to the host computer according to the running state required by the upper computer, and then controls the switching mechanism 300 to switch to the corresponding motor working pole pair. In addition, the controller drives the stator 100 to generate a rotating magnetic field according to a certain selected pole pair number, thereby causing the motor 1000 to output the required rotational speed and torque, power.

Optionally, the stator 100 and the plurality of rotor portions 200 are disposed along a radial interval of the motor 1000. The stator 100 may be located outside or inside the plurality of rotor portions 200 in the radial direction of the motor 1000, that is, the stator 100 may be located at the outermost side or the most Inside.

For example, as shown in FIG. 1, the sections of the stator 100 and the rotor portion 200 are formed substantially in a circular shape, respectively, and the stator 100 and the plurality of rotor portions 200 are sequentially spaced apart from the outside to the inside in the radial direction of the motor 1000.

That is, the stator 100 and the plurality of rotor portions 200 form a multi-layered annular structure that is coaxially arranged, and the stator 100 is located outside the plurality of rotor portions 200, and is disposed apart from any adjacent ones, thereby avoiding any Interference occurs when the two are relatively rotated between adjacent ones, thereby affecting the normal operation of the motor 1000.

In some embodiments of the invention, as illustrated in Figures 3, 5, and 7, the switching mechanism 300 includes a stator retaining ring 310, a plurality of rotor retaining rings 320, a drive portion 330, and a synchronizer 340. The relative positions of the stator fixing ring 310 and the stator 100 are fixed, and the plurality of rotor fixing rings 320 are respectively fixed to the relative positions of the plurality of rotor portions 200, that is, the relative positions of one rotor fixing ring 320 and one rotor portion 200 are fixed. The synchronizer 340 is driven to slide by a driving portion 330 that is operatively coupled to at least two of the stator retaining ring 310 and the plurality of the rotor retaining rings 320, driven by the driving portion 330, to The relative position of at least two of the stator 100 and the plurality of rotor portions 200 is fixed, and at least one of the plurality of rotor portions 200 is selected as a rotor rotational driving load. Thus, the motor 1000 according to the present invention can quickly realize the control of whether or not each rotor portion 200 is rotatable by the switching mechanism 300, thereby realizing the number of rotor poles and the operating frequency of the motor 1000 without changing the winding connection of the motor 1000. The control adjustment improves the torque and power output of the motor 1000 and increases the application range of the motor 1000.

The drive unit 330 is a control coil that slides the synchronizer 340 by electromagnetic induction. By driving unit 330 The control coil that can be controlled by the electromagnetic induction control synchronizer 340 is provided, so that the wiring inside the motor 1000 can be simplified, making the overall structure of the motor 1000 simpler.

Preferably, the synchronizer 340, the stator retaining ring 310 and the plurality of rotor retaining rings 320 are respectively provided with latching teeth 350, and the latching teeth 350 on the synchronizer 340 are optionally associated with the stator retaining ring 310 and the plurality of The latches 350 on at least two of the rotor retaining rings 320 are engaged, while the relative positions of the retaining rings that mesh with the synchronizer 340 are fixed, so that the relative positions of the stator 100 and/or the rotor portion 200 corresponding to the retaining ring are fixed. Further, the relative positions of the fixed stator 100 and at least two of the plurality of rotor portions 200 are achieved.

In some embodiments of the invention, the stator 100 includes a stator core and a stator winding wound on a stator core.

Specifically, the stator 100 is mainly composed of a stator core and a stator winding. The stator core is composed of a high magnetic material, and the high magnetic material may be a silicon steel sheet, a cobalt steel sheet, a permalloy, an SMC or the like. The stator winding is wound on the stator core of the stator. The stator windings may be concentrated windings or distributed windings, that is, the span of the stator windings may be 1 or other integers, and the phase number of the stator windings may be single phase or The multiphase, so that the stator windings pass the AC current, generates a magnetic field. It is worth noting that the specific material of the stator core, the stator winding form, and the number of phases of the stator winding can be adaptively selected according to the actual design requirements to ensure the torque and power density of the motor 1000.

Optionally, the plurality of rotor portions 200 include at least one permanent magnet rotor portion and at least one reluctance rotor portion.

The permanent magnet type rotor portion includes a rotor core and a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnet is disposed on the rotor core.

Specifically, the permanent magnet type rotor portion is mainly composed of a rotor core and a permanent magnet, and the permanent magnets are disposed on the rotor core and are evenly arranged along the circumferential direction of the rotor core. The rotor core is composed of a high magnetic permeability material, and the high magnetic permeability material may be a silicon steel sheet, a cobalt steel sheet, a permalloy, an SMC or the like. The permanent magnet is mainly composed of a permanent magnet material, and the permanent magnet material may be a material such as neodymium iron boron, ferrite, aluminum nickel cobalt, samarium cobalt or the like. The permanent magnet may be combined with the rotor core of the rotor by surface mount (SPM), built-in (IPM), surface mount (Inset PM), etc., for example, in one example of the invention, the permanent magnets have the same pole The rotor magnet core is embedded in a relatively opposite manner to ensure a stable structure of the permanent magnet rotor portion, thereby generating an exciting magnetic field.

The permanent magnets are formed substantially in an elongated structure, and the plurality of elongated permanent magnets are circumferentially interposed in the circumferential direction to be embedded in the rotor core, and the long sides of the elongated permanent magnets are radially Directional arrangement. Of course, the long sides of the elongated permanent magnets may also be arranged in the circumferential direction. Meanwhile, the shape of the permanent magnets may also be an arc shape, and the permanent magnets of the plurality of curved structures are circumferentially oriented in the same polarity. The rotor cores are embedded in a spaced apart manner, and the arcuate edges of the arc-shaped permanent magnets are arranged in the circumferential direction. It should be noted that those skilled in the art can change the number, shape and arrangement of the permanent magnets according to the actual design requirements, so as to adjust the equivalent rotor pole number and the working electric frequency, so that when the output mechanical speed is the same, the motor can be switched. Different operating states of 1000 (such as the first state and the second state) are implemented Extremely variable pressure operation.

The reluctance type rotor portion includes a plurality of magnetic cores and a plurality of non-magnetic magnetic spacers, and the plurality of magnetic conductive cores and the plurality of non-magnetic magnetic spacers are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the motor 1000.

Specifically, the reluctance type rotor portion is mainly composed of a plurality of magnetic cores and a plurality of non-magnetic magnetic spacer blocks, and a plurality of magnetic conductive cores and a plurality of non-magnetic magnetic spacer blocks are alternately arranged along the circumferential direction of the motor 1000, and the magnets are arranged. The core is composed of a highly magnetically permeable material, which may be a silicon steel sheet, a cobalt steel sheet, a permalloy, an SMC or the like. The non-magnetic spacing block is composed of a non-magnetic material, and the non-magnetic material may be air, plastic, polymer, non-magnetic metal or the like.

The following is an example of the operation of the motor 1000 in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention.

As shown in FIGS. 2-6, the motor 1000 includes a stator 100, two rotor portions 200, and a switching mechanism 300. The stator 100 and the two rotor portions 200 are sequentially spaced from the outside to the inside in the radial direction of the motor 1000. The switching mechanism 300 includes a stator fixing ring 310, two rotor fixing rings 320, a driving portion 330, and a synchronizer 340. The relative positions of the stator fixing ring 310 and the stator 100 are fixed, and the relative positions of one rotor fixing ring 320 and one rotor portion 200 are fixed. The other rotor retaining ring 320 is fixed in position relative to the other rotor portion 200.

As shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, when the motor 1000 is in the first operational state, the synchronizer 340 is engaged with the stator retaining ring 310 and a rotor retaining ring 320, respectively, so that the relative positions of the stator 100 and one rotor portion 200 are fixed, and the other is fixed. The rotor portion 200, that is, the rotor portion 200 located in the middle serves as a rotatable rotor.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, when the motor 1000 is in the second operational state, the synchronizer 340 is engaged with the stator retaining ring 310 and the other rotor retaining ring 320, respectively, so that the relative positions of the stator 100 and the other rotor portion 200 are fixed. One rotor portion 200, that is, the innermost rotor portion 200 serves as a rotatable rotor.

As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, when the motor 1000 is in the third operating state, the synchronizer 340 is engaged with the two rotor retaining rings 320, respectively, so that the relative positions of the two rotor portions 200 are fixed, that is, the rotor portion 200 located at the innermost side. Together with the rotor portion 200 located in the middle, it acts as a rotatable rotor.

It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the specific structure of the above-described switching mechanism 300 is only an example of the invention, and is not to be construed as limiting the invention.

The switching mechanism 300 of the motor 1000 of the embodiment of the present invention realizes the control adjustment of the number of rotor poles and the operating frequency of the motor 1000 without changing the winding connection of the motor 1000, thereby realizing the optimal efficiency interval of the motor 1000 in the low speed and large torque range. Switching between the high speed and low torque intervals effectively increases the torque density and high power density of the motor 1000, and increases the application range of the motor 1000. The motor 1000 has a compact structure, a small occupied space and a wide working range, and can realize controlled adjustment of the number of rotor poles and the operating frequency without changing the winding connection of the motor 1000, and has the advantages of high torque and high power density.

Other configurations and operations of the electric machine in accordance with embodiments of the present invention are known to those of ordinary skill in the art and will not be described in detail herein.

In the description of the present invention, it is to be understood that the terms "center", "longitudinal", "upper", "lower", "left", "right", "vertical", "horizontal", "top", The orientation or positional relationship of the "inside", "outside", "outside" and the like is based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the drawings, and is merely for the convenience of describing the present invention and simplifying the description, rather than indicating or implying the device or The elements must have a particular orientation, are constructed and operated in a particular orientation and are therefore not to be construed as limiting.

In the present invention, the terms "installation", "connected", "connected", "fixed" and the like shall be understood broadly, and may be either a fixed connection or a detachable connection, unless explicitly stated and defined otherwise. , or integrated; can be mechanical connection, or can be electrical connection; can be directly connected, or can be indirectly connected through an intermediate medium, can be the internal communication of two elements or the interaction of two elements. For those skilled in the art, the specific meanings of the above terms in the present invention can be understood on a case-by-case basis.

In the description of the present specification, the description with reference to the terms "one embodiment", "some embodiments", "example", "specific example", or "some examples" and the like means a specific feature described in connection with the embodiment or example. A structure, material or feature is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In the present specification, the schematic representation of the above terms is not necessarily directed to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in a suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples. Further, various embodiments or examples described in this specification can be joined and combined by those skilled in the art.

Although the embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it is understood that the above-described embodiments are illustrative and are not to be construed as limiting the scope of the invention. The embodiments are subject to variations, modifications, substitutions and variations.

Claims

A motor characterized in that:

a stator and a plurality of rotor portions, wherein any one of the stator and the plurality of rotor portions are relatively rotatable;

a switching mechanism that selects at least one of the plurality of rotor portions to act as a rotatable relative to the stator by selectively fixing a relative position of at least two of the stator and the plurality of rotor portions Rotor.
The motor according to claim 1, wherein said stator and said plurality of said rotor portions are nested along a radial interval of said motor.
The motor according to claim 2, wherein said stator is located outside or inside of said plurality of rotor portions in a radial direction of said motor.
The motor of claim 1 wherein said switching mechanism comprises:

a stator fixing ring, the relative position of the stator fixing ring and the stator is fixed;

a plurality of rotor retaining rings, wherein a plurality of the rotor retaining rings are respectively fixed to a relative position of the plurality of rotor portions;

a drive portion and a synchronizer, the synchronizer being driven to slide by the drive portion, the synchronizer being configured to fix the at least two of the stator retaining ring and the plurality of the rotor retaining rings A relative position of the stator and at least two of the plurality of rotor portions.
The motor according to claim 4, wherein said driving portion is a control coil that drives said synchronizer to slide by electromagnetic induction.
The motor according to claim 4, wherein said synchronizer, said stator retaining ring and said plurality of said rotor retaining rings are respectively provided with latching teeth, and said latches on said synchronizer are optionally The stator retaining ring engages with a latch on at least two of the plurality of rotor retaining rings.
The electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the stator comprises:

Stator magnetic core;

A stator winding wound on the stator core of the stator.
The electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the plurality of rotor portions include at least one permanent magnet rotor portion and at least one reluctance rotor portion.
The electric machine according to claim 8, wherein said permanent magnet type rotor portion comprises:

Rotor core;

a permanent magnet, the permanent magnet being disposed on the rotor core.
The motor according to claim 8, wherein said reluctance rotor portion comprises:

a plurality of magnetic cores;

a plurality of non-magnetically permeable spacer blocks, a plurality of the magnetic conductive cores and a plurality of the non-magnetically permeable spacers are circumferentially intersected by the motor Arrange for.
The electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, further comprising a controller, wherein the controller is in communication with the stator and the switching mechanism, respectively.