CN108631531B - Hybrid excitation switch reluctance hub motor for electric automobile - Google Patents

Hybrid excitation switch reluctance hub motor for electric automobile Download PDF

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Publication number
CN108631531B
CN108631531B CN201810376185.4A CN201810376185A CN108631531B CN 108631531 B CN108631531 B CN 108631531B CN 201810376185 A CN201810376185 A CN 201810376185A CN 108631531 B CN108631531 B CN 108631531B
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stator
rotor
shaped
block
permanent magnet
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CN108631531A (en
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孙晓东
刁凯凯
陈龙
杨泽斌
韩守义
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
    • H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
    • H02K21/24—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets axially facing the armatures, e.g. hub-type cycle dynamos
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/14—Stator cores with salient poles
    • H02K1/141—Stator cores with salient poles consisting of C-shaped cores
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
    • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
    • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
    • H02K1/2786—Outer rotors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
    • H02K19/02—Synchronous motors
    • H02K19/10—Synchronous motors for multi-phase current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/64—Electric machine technologies in electromobility

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a mixed excitation switch reluctance hub motor for an electric automobile, wherein an inner stator is formed by uniformly distributing N along the circumferencesThe stator comprises a C-shaped stator block, a stator slot and a stator core, wherein the C-shaped stator block is identical and has a C-shaped axial section, a C-shaped opening of the C-shaped stator block forms a stator slot, the opening of the stator slot is outward along the radial direction, two axial side walls of the C-shaped stator block are two stator teeth, and windings are wound on the two stator teeth; the outer rotor consists of N uniformly distributed along the circumferencerThe automobile hub rotor structure comprises a plurality of C-shaped rotor blocks which are identical and have C-shaped axial sections, wherein two rotor teeth are formed on two axial side walls of each C-shaped rotor block; a permanent magnet is fixedly embedded in a rotor groove of each C-shaped rotor block, and each permanent magnet is axially magnetized and has the same magnetizing direction; the inner stator and the outer rotor are of modular structures, and magnetic loops are mutually independent, so that the fault-tolerant performance is good.

Description

Hybrid excitation switch reluctance hub motor for electric automobile
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of motors, and particularly relates to a switched reluctance hub motor for driving an electric automobile.
Background
The stator and the rotor of the traditional switched reluctance motor are not provided with permanent magnets, the structure is simple, and the reliability is high. But simultaneously, because the permanent magnet is not arranged, the power density of the motor is lower under the condition of the same structure and size; with the same excitation power, the torque is smaller. In order to overcome the defects of the traditional switched reluctance motor, a permanent magnet is added into the motor to improve the power density of the motor. For example: the motor designed in the Chinese patent publication No. CN2847653Y entitled "short magnetic circuit mixed excitation switch reluctance motor" adds permanent magnets in the space of stator slots, thus improving the space utilization rate of the stator. The motor disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN104935095A entitled "U-shaped stator mixed excitation switched reluctance motor" is a modular stator composed of a plurality of U-shaped stator blocks, two stator teeth of each U-shaped stator block are wound with excitation windings, and the inner side of each U-shaped stator block is provided with a permanent magnet to increase the power density of the motor. The motor disclosed in Chinese patent publication No. CN2081432Y entitled "hybrid excitation switched reluctance motor" has permanent magnets embedded in each stator wide slot, thereby improving the performance volume ratio and performance weight ratio of the motor. The motor structure disclosed above can increase the power density of the motor to a certain extent, but has the disadvantage that the permanent magnets are embedded in the stator slots, so that the arrangement space of the stator winding is relatively reduced, and the structure is complex.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to solve the problems of the existing hybrid excitation switched reluctance motor, and provides a novel hybrid excitation switched reluctance hub motor for an electric automobile, which can increase the power density of the switched reluctance motor under the condition of not reducing the space of a stator winding.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention provides a hybrid excitation switch reluctance hub motor for an electric automobile, which specifically adopts the following scheme: the middle fixing shaft is coaxially fixed with the inner stator, the outer rotor is coaxially sleeved with the inner stator, a radial air gap is reserved between the inner stator and the outer rotor, and the inner stator is uniformly distributed along the circumferenceN s The stator comprises a C-shaped stator block, a stator slot and a stator core, wherein the C-shaped stator block is identical and has a C-shaped axial section, a C-shaped opening of the C-shaped stator block forms a stator slot, the opening of the stator slot is outward along the radial direction, two axial side walls of the C-shaped stator block are two stator teeth, and windings are wound on the two stator teeth; the outer rotor is uniformly distributed along the circumferenceN r The automobile hub rotor structure comprises a plurality of C-shaped rotor blocks which are identical and have C-shaped axial sections, wherein two rotor teeth are formed on two axial side walls of each C-shaped rotor block; a permanent magnet is fixedly embedded in a rotor groove of each C-shaped rotor block, and each permanent magnet is axially magnetized and has the same magnetizing direction.
Further, the lengths of the C-shaped rotor block and the C-shaped stator block in the axial direction are equal, the lengths of the rotor teeth and the stator teeth in the axial direction are equal, and the lengths of the rotor slots and the stator slots in the axial direction are equal.
Further, the number of the C-shaped stator blocksN s And the number of C-shaped rotor segmentsN r Satisfies the following conditions: LCM (N s ,N r )=mN r And LCM is the minimum common multiple,mthe number of motor phases.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. the permanent magnet is placed in the C-shaped groove of the outer rotor, the rotor is not provided with the winding, the arrangement of the stator winding is not influenced, the winding space is not occupied, the winding space is not reduced, and the arrangement mode is flexible.
2. The invention not only has the magnetic loop generated by the excitation winding of the common switched reluctance motor, but also is superimposed with the magnetic loop generated by the permanent magnet, so that the magnetic density is higher, and the invention can generate larger torque under the same excitation power.
3. The inner stator and the outer rotor in the invention are both in a C-shaped block structure, a modular structure is adopted, all magnetic loops are mutually independent and completely isolated, and the fault-tolerant performance of the motor is good.
4. The motor has short magnetic circuit, effectively reduces the iron core loss, improves the motor efficiency, increases the power density of the motor, and improves the performance volume ratio and the performance weight ratio of the motor.
Drawings
Fig. 1 is a schematic spatial structure diagram of an outer rotor, an inner stator and a permanent magnet in a hybrid excitation switch reluctance hub motor for an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 2 is an axial cross-sectional view of a hybrid excitation switched reluctance hub motor for an electric vehicle according to the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a radial cross-sectional view of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 is a diagram of the magnetic flux path during operation of the present invention;
in the figure: 1. an inner stator; 2. an outer rotor; 3. a permanent magnet; 4. a stator keystone key; 5. a rotor keystone key; 6. a non-magnetic stator fixing ring; 7. a non-magnetically conductive rotor securing ring; 8. a winding; 9. a fixed shaft; 10. and (4) end covers.
Detailed Description
Referring to fig. 1, 2 and 3, the present invention includes a fixed shaft 9, an inner stator 1, an outer rotor 2, a permanent magnet 3 and a winding 8. The middle is a fixed shaft 9, an inner stator 1 is coaxially and fixedly sleeved outside the fixed shaft 9, an outer rotor 2 is coaxially sleeved outside the inner stator 1, and a radial air gap is reserved between the inner stator 1 and the outer rotor 2.
The inner stator 1 is uniformly distributed along the circumferenceN s The same C-shaped stator blocks are formed, the axial cross sections of the C-shaped stator blocks are C-shaped, two axial side walls of the C-shaped stator blocks form two stator teeth, and the two stator teeth are located on two axial sides and are point-symmetric along the axial center of the fixed shaft 9. Two stator teeth of the C-shaped stator block are wound with windings 8 which are stator windings. The C-shaped opening of the C-shaped stator segment is open radially towards the outer end, and the C-shaped opening forms a stator slot, i.e. the opening of the stator slot is open radially outwards. An included angle between two adjacent C-shaped stator sub-blocks is 360N s And (4) degree. Each C-shaped stator sub-block is formed by laminating C-shaped silicon steel sheets.
The outer rotor 2 is uniformly distributed along the circumferenceN r The same C-shaped rotor blocks are formed, the axial cross sections of the C-shaped rotor blocks are C-shaped, two rotor teeth are formed on two axial side walls of the C-shaped rotor blocks, and the two rotor teeth are located on two axial sides and are point-symmetric along the axial center of the fixed shaft 9. The C-shaped opening of the C-shaped rotor block is opened towards the inner end in the radial direction, the C-shaped opening of the C-shaped rotor block forms a rotor groove, and the opening of the rotor groove faces inwards. The included angle between two adjacent C-shaped rotor blocks is 360N r And each C-shaped rotor block is formed by laminating C-shaped silicon steel sheets. Each C-shaped rotor block is rigidly connected with an automobile hub and drives the hub to rotate.
The C-shaped opening of the C-shaped rotor segment of the outer rotor 2 is diametrically opposed to the C-shaped opening of the C-shaped stator segment of the inner stator 1. The length of the C-shaped rotor block of the outer rotor 2 in the axial direction is equal to the length of the C-shaped stator block of the inner stator 1 in the axial direction, the length of the rotor teeth of the C-shaped rotor block is equal to the length of the stator teeth of the C-shaped stator block in the axial direction, and the length of the rotor groove is equal to the length of the stator groove in the axial direction.
Number of C-shaped stator segmentsN s And the number of C-shaped rotor segmentsN r Satisfies the following relationship: LCM (N s ,N r )=mN r And LCM is the minimum common multiple,mthe number of motor phases.
The inner surface of each C-shaped stator block of the inner stator 1 is fixedly connected with a stator trapezoidal key 4N s And a stator trapezoidal key 4. The stator trapezoidal keys 4 are arranged on the radial inner side of the C-shaped stator block, the inner ends of all the stator trapezoidal keys 4 are fixedly embedded on the outer wall of the same non-magnetic stator fixing ring 6, and the non-magnetic stator fixing ring 6 is coaxially and fixedly sleeved outside the fixing shaft 9. The non-magnetic stator fixing ring 6 is made of non-magnetic conductive material, on which is uniformly processed along the circumferential directionN s A trapezoidal groove for fixingN s A stator trapezoidal key 4 andN s and C-shaped stator blocks. The axial length of the non-magnetic stator fixing ring 6 is the same as that of the C-shaped stator block.
The outer surface of each C-shaped rotor block of the outer rotor 2 is fixedly connected with a rotor trapezoidal key 5N r And a rotor trapezoidal key 5. The rotor trapezoidal keys 5 are radially outward of the C-shaped rotor segments. The outer ends of all rotor trapezoidal keys 5 are fixedly embedded on the inner wall of the same non-magnetic rotor fixing ring 7. The non-magnetic rotor fixing ring 7 is made of a non-magnetic conductive material, on which is uniformly processed in the circumferential directionN r A trapezoidal groove for fixingN r Each rotor trapezoidal key 5 and the C-shaped rotor segment. The axial length of the non-magnetic rotor fixing ring 7 is the same as that of the C-shaped rotor block. The outer rotor 2, the rotor trapezoidal key 5 and the non-magnetic rotor fixing ring 7 are fixedly connected into a whole, and the non-magnetic rotor fixing ring 7 is fixed inside the automobile hub and directly drives the automobile hub to rotate.
A permanent magnet 3 is fixedly embedded in the C-shaped opening of each C-shaped rotor block, namely the permanent magnets 3 are arranged in the rotor grooves of the C-shaped rotor blocks, and the number of the permanent magnets isN r And (4) respectively. Each permanent magnetAll the permanent magnets 3 are axially magnetized, and the magnetizing directions of all the permanent magnets 3 are consistent. When the permanent magnet 3 is assembled with the C-shaped rotor block, two notches are machined in the axial inner parts of two rotor teeth of the C-shaped rotor block, and the permanent magnet 3 is fixedly clamped in the notches at the two axial ends.
Each permanent magnet 3 is of a cuboid structure, the axial length of each permanent magnet is slightly greater than that of the rotor slot, the radial length of each permanent magnet is smaller than or equal to that of the rotor slot, and the two permanent magnets 3 which are opposite in the radial direction are distributed in a radial symmetrical mode relative to the central line of the fixed shaft 9.N r The individual permanent magnets 3 are evenly distributed over the circumference along the center thereof, and the thickness of each permanent magnet 3 in the tangential direction of the center circumference thereof is the same as the thickness of the C-shaped rotor segment in the tangential direction.
In order to reduce magnetic leakage, the tangential thickness of the rotor tooth end of each C-shaped rotor block in the circumference is slightly larger than the thickness of each C-shaped stator block in the same direction.
The axial two ends of the outer rotor 2 and the inner stator 1 are respectively provided with an end cover 10, the end covers 10 are coaxially and fixedly sleeved outside the fixed rotating shaft 9, and the axial directions of the inner stator 1 and the outer rotor 2 are positioned through the end covers 10, so that the axial displacement of the inner stator 1 and the outer rotor 2 is limited.
In the windings 8 on the C-shaped rotor blocks, the excitation windings 8 on two radially opposite C-shaped stator blocks form one phase, and referring to fig. 4, when a certain stator pole is excited, two magnetic flux loops are generated, namely a loop a generated by the excitation winding 8 and a loop B generated by the permanent magnet 3, and when the two loops pass through the same path, the magnetic fluxes are in the same direction, so that a superposition effect is generated. The magnetic pole of the winding 8 on the same side is opposite to the magnetic pole of the permanent magnet 3 on the same side. The path of the magnetic circuit a is in the order: the rotor comprises a C-shaped stator block, a radial air gap, a C-shaped rotor block, a radial air gap and a C-shaped stator block stator; the path of the magnetic circuit B is in the order: the permanent magnet rotor comprises a permanent magnet 3, a C-shaped rotor block tooth end, a radial air gap, a C-shaped stator block, a radial air gap, a C-shaped rotor block tooth end and a permanent magnet 3. The windings 8 on the two C-shaped stator segments of each phase are connected in parallel, while the windings 8 of each phase are arranged in the same manner.
When the automobile hub is in operation, each phase of winding 8 is sequentially electrified, the outer rotor 2 is driven to rotate according to the minimum magnetic resistance principle, the outer rotor 2 drives the non-magnetic-conduction rotor fixing ring 7 to rotate, and the non-magnetic-conduction rotor fixing ring 7 is fixed in the automobile hub to further drive the hub to rotate. Different from the magnetic loop of a common switched reluctance motor: when the magnetic circuit works, the magnetic circuit only passes through the self-excited stator tooth pole and does not pass through other stator poles, so that each magnetic circuit is independent and completely isolated.

Claims (7)

1. The utility model provides an electric automobile is with mixed excitation switch reluctance wheel hub motor, fixed cover internal stator (1) of coaxial outside fixed axle (9) of the middle most, external rotor (2) of coaxial cover outside internal stator (1), leave radial air gap, characterized by between internal stator (1) and external rotor (2): the inner stator (1) is uniformly distributed along the circumferenceN s The stator comprises C-shaped stator blocks which are identical and have C-shaped axial sections, a stator slot is formed by a C-shaped opening of each C-shaped stator block, the opening of the stator slot faces outwards along the radial direction, two stator teeth are arranged on two axial side walls of each C-shaped stator block, and a winding (8) is wound on the two stator teeth; the outer rotor (2) is uniformly distributed along the circumferenceN r The automobile hub rotor structure comprises a plurality of C-shaped rotor blocks which are identical and have C-shaped axial sections, wherein two rotor teeth are formed on two axial side walls of each C-shaped rotor block; a permanent magnet (3) is fixedly embedded in a rotor groove of each C-shaped rotor block, and each permanent magnet (3) is axially magnetized and has the same magnetizing direction; the windings (8) on the two C-shaped stator blocks which are opposite in the radial direction form one phase, when a certain stator pole is excited, two magnetic flux loops are generated, when the two magnetic flux loops pass through the same path, the magnetic fluxes are superposed along the same direction, the magnetic poles of the windings (8) on the same side are opposite to the magnetic poles of the permanent magnets (3) on the same side in magnetism, the windings (8) on the two C-shaped stator blocks of each phase are connected in parallel, and the magnetic flux loops only pass through the self-excited stator tooth poles.
2. The hybrid excitation switched reluctance hub motor for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the lengths of the C-shaped rotor block and the C-shaped stator block in the axial direction are equal, the lengths of the rotor teeth and the stator teeth in the axial direction are equal, and the lengths of the rotor slots and the stator slots in the axial direction are equal.
3. The hybrid excitation switched reluctance hub motor for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: number of C-shaped stator segmentsN s And the number of C-shaped rotor segmentsN r Satisfies the following conditions: LCM (N s ,N r )=mN r And LCM is the minimum common multiple,mthe number of motor phases.
4. The hybrid excitation switched reluctance hub motor for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the inner surface of each C-shaped stator block is fixedly connected with a stator trapezoidal key (4), the stator trapezoidal keys (4) are arranged on the radial inner side of the C-shaped stator block, the inner ends of all the stator trapezoidal keys (4) are fixedly embedded on the outer wall of the same non-magnetic-conductive stator fixing ring (6), and the non-magnetic-conductive stator fixing ring (6) is coaxially and fixedly sleeved outside the fixing shaft (9).
5. The hybrid excitation switched reluctance hub motor for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: the outer surface of each C-shaped rotor block is fixedly connected with a rotor trapezoidal key (5), the rotor trapezoidal keys (5) are arranged on the radial outer sides of the C-shaped rotor blocks, the outer ends of all the rotor trapezoidal keys (5) are fixedly embedded on the inner wall of the same non-magnetic-conductive rotor fixing ring (7), and the non-magnetic-conductive rotor fixing ring (7) is fixedly connected with an automobile hub.
6. The hybrid excitation switched reluctance hub motor for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: each permanent magnet (3) is of a cuboid structure, the axial length of each permanent magnet is greater than that of the rotor slot, the radial length of each permanent magnet is less than or equal to that of the rotor slot, and the thickness of each permanent magnet (3) in the tangential direction of the center circumference of the permanent magnet is the same as that of each C-shaped rotor block in the same tangential direction.
7. The hybrid excitation switched reluctance hub motor for the electric automobile according to claim 1, wherein: end covers (10) are respectively arranged at the two axial ends of the outer rotor (2) and the inner stator (1), and the end covers (10) are coaxially and fixedly sleeved outside the fixed shaft (9).
CN201810376185.4A 2018-04-25 2018-04-25 Hybrid excitation switch reluctance hub motor for electric automobile Active CN108631531B (en)

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
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CN108631531B true CN108631531B (en) 2020-03-31

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109698595A (en) * 2019-02-28 2019-04-30 中南大学 A kind of hub-type outer rotor three-phase permanent magnetization switched reluctance machines
CN113593845A (en) * 2021-08-03 2021-11-02 南京一体科技有限公司 Composite excitation bidirectional magnetic flux controllable device
CN114421654B (en) * 2021-12-21 2023-09-29 威海奥文工业科技有限公司 Transverse magnetic flux C-type embedded stator permanent magnet brushless wind driven generator

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102570761A (en) * 2011-03-30 2012-07-11 戴珊珊 Torque-enhanced type switched reluctance motor
CN106849585B (en) * 2016-12-30 2019-01-18 南京理工大学 Transverse flux switched reluctance motor and its control method
CN107591979A (en) * 2017-10-31 2018-01-16 湖南开启时代电子信息技术有限公司 Rotor axial magnetizes permanent magnet switched reluctance motor

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