WO2018068669A1 - 超硬材料切削部件及其制造方法和用途 - Google Patents

超硬材料切削部件及其制造方法和用途 Download PDF

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WO2018068669A1
WO2018068669A1 PCT/CN2017/104677 CN2017104677W WO2018068669A1 WO 2018068669 A1 WO2018068669 A1 WO 2018068669A1 CN 2017104677 W CN2017104677 W CN 2017104677W WO 2018068669 A1 WO2018068669 A1 WO 2018068669A1
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superhard material
cutting
tool
curved surface
spiral
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PCT/CN2017/104677
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English (en)
French (fr)
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孙思叡
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上海精韧激光科技有限公司
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Priority to JP2019515839A priority Critical patent/JP2019534163A/ja
Publication of WO2018068669A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018068669A1/zh

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23C—MILLING
    • B23C5/00—Milling-cutters
    • B23C5/16—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape
    • B23C5/18—Milling-cutters characterised by physical features other than shape with permanently-fixed cutter-bits or teeth
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23B—TURNING; BORING
    • B23B27/00—Tools for turning or boring machines; Tools of a similar kind in general; Accessories therefor
    • B23B27/14—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material
    • B23B27/18—Cutting tools of which the bits or tips or cutting inserts are of special material with cutting bits or tips or cutting inserts rigidly mounted, e.g. by brazing

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  • the present invention relates to a component for manufacturing a cutting tool, and more particularly to a cutting component made of a superhard material for processing into a cutting edge of a cutting tool.
  • the tool industry uses a large number of superhard materials such as disc-shaped synthetic polycrystalline diamond compacts and artificial cubic boron nitride composite sheets (see Figure 1), which are processed into the cutting edge of the tool.
  • the traditional process is to cut the original disc into the desired shape (see Figure 2) and weld it (such as vacuum welding or high-frequency welding) to the tool base (such as: hard alloy and steel). See Figure 3).
  • the small-diameter tool cannot be directly applied to the above materials, and can only be formed on the prepared small-diameter tool by the coating method.
  • Coatings i.e., forming cermet coatings, diamond coatings or cubic boron nitride coatings on the edges of cemented carbide are prior art.
  • these coatings have common defects.
  • the thickness of the coating itself is about 0.002 mm to 0.01 mm, which makes the radius of the cutting edge of the tool have to be increased by 0.004 mm to 0.02 mm. For precision cutting, the cutting radius is increased.
  • the assembly greatly improves the cutting resistance, which not only reduces the quality of the surface to be machined, but also reduces the tool life or directly breaks; for example, the adhesion between the coating and the blade is not good, especially the diamond coating and the cubic boron nitride coating.
  • the adhesion between the coating and the blade is not good, especially the diamond coating and the cubic boron nitride coating.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a superhard material cutting member to realize the manufacture of a spiral cutting member.
  • the invention provides a superhard material cutting component, including
  • the projection of the first curved surface along the first circle, the projection of the second curved surface along the second circle, the first circle and the second circular system are concentric circles;
  • the third side is a spiral surface that also intersects the first curved surface and the second curved surface.
  • Superhard materials such as: cermet, diamond (especially synthetic polycrystalline diamond) and cubic boron nitride, or a composite of cemented carbide and one or more of cermet, diamond and cubic boron nitride.
  • the thickness of the cutting member is 0.3 mm to 15 mm
  • the radial width of the cutting member is 0.3 mm to 15 mm
  • the axial length is 0.8 mm to 150 mm.
  • the third surface of the cutting member has a helix angle of 5 to 75 degrees.
  • the present invention also provides a manufacturing method comprising:
  • the super-hard material is made into a blank having a cylindrical façade (such as tubular, cylindrical, conical and round cake), and the cutting tool is cut along the axial direction of the blank, and is also based on a spiral angle of 5 to 75 degrees.
  • the obtained cutting component has at least one sweeping surface and two circular arc surfaces, and each of the circular arc surfaces is parallel to each other, and the sweeping surface intersects with two circular arc surfaces respectively, and the intersection line formed at the intersection It is a spiral curve.
  • the obtained spiral cutting member is fixed to a pre-grooved tool base by means of high-frequency welding or vacuum welding, thereby being processed into a tool.
  • the material used for the substrate is steel, cemented carbide or tungsten alloy.
  • the tungsten alloy contains one or several metals of iron, copper and nickel, specifically: a high specific gravity high density tungsten alloy such as a tungsten iron alloy, a tungsten copper alloy and a tungsten nickel alloy. These tungsten alloys also contain one or more metals such as chromium, manganese and cobalt, but are not cemented carbides used in the tool industry for machining the blade.
  • the base surface to which the spiral blade (i.e., the obtained cutting member) is fixed is formed into a cutting blade by forming a rake face and a flank face of each blade portion by a common grinding method.
  • the use of the ultra-hard material cutting component provided by the invention can significantly increase the life of the tool, and the use effect is greatly improved.
  • the use of a tool with a spiral cermet blade for aluminum alloy processing can reduce the tool cost by 20%.
  • the surface quality and service life of the straight edge PCD tool are obtained.
  • the processing of the composite fiber material by the tool with the spiral diamond blade can obtain about 4 times the life and 3 times the processing efficiency of the coated diamond tool.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of a disc-shaped superhard material composite sheet
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a patch obtained from a disc-shaped superhard material composite sheet to obtain a desired shape
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view showing the bonding of the obtained patch to the tool base
  • Figure 4 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a superhard material used for preparing a billet
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of an embodiment of a billet made of a superhard material
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a blank for making a cutting part
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of cutting a cutting member from a blank
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing an embodiment of a cutter made by fixing a cutting member to a base
  • Figure 9 is a schematic illustration of a multi-section blade to mimic a helix angle tool.
  • the hard material is made into a blank by means of sintering die-casting, grinding, laser or wire cutting, such as: making a cylindrical shape or making a cone (making a tapered cutting part for a taper tool) .
  • a number of concentric cylinders 100 having a cylindrical façade are machined on a cylindrical hard material (see Figure 5).
  • Obtain a concentric cylinder blank (see Figure 6), using laser or grinding wheel grinding method, cutting along its axial direction, and also rotating according to the spiral angle of 5 to 75 degrees, resulting in a spiral curve
  • the trajectory is cut, and at least one of the cutting members 110 forms a swept surface of a spiral curve.
  • the sweeping surfaces respectively intersect the two arcuate faces of the cylindrical blank, and the intersection line formed by the intersection is a spiral curve.
  • the acquisition of the sweeping surface can be obtained by means of linear axis and rotary axis joint processing, such as: 5-axis linkage laser machine.
  • the obtained cutting part having a spiral surface is fixed to the pre-grooved tool base 200 by high frequency welding or vacuum welding, and the base material is steel, cemented carbide or tungsten alloy (the inner cooling hole may also be disposed thereon) ).
  • the tool having the spiral blade is welded to the normal rake face and the flank face to form a tool for cutting (see Fig. 7).
  • the working angle of the helical-edged diamond tool is increased by about 10° to 30°, which can reduce the cutting force by more than 10%, thereby improving the quality of the machined surface, reducing the spindle load and extending Tool life.
  • the tool using the spiral cermet insert for aluminum alloy processing can obtain the surface quality and service life similar to the straight edge PCD tool under the premise of reducing the tool cost by 20%; using the spiral diamond blade By machining the composite fiber material, the coated diamond tool can achieve about 4 times the life and 3 times the processing efficiency.

Abstract

一种超硬材料切削部件（110），包括第一曲面和第二曲面，第一曲面的投影沿着第一圆，第二曲面的投影沿着第二圆，第一圆和第二圆系同心圆；第三面系螺旋形面，还同时与第一曲面和第二曲面相交。超硬材料切削部件用于刀具的刃部，能使得刀具的寿命得到显著增加，加工效果得到很大提高。

Description

超硬材料切削部件及其制造方法和用途 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于制造切削工具的部件，尤其涉及一种切削部件，由超硬材料制成，用于加工成切削工具的刃部。
背景技术
刀具行业大量使用呈圆盘状的人造聚晶金刚石复合片和人造立方氮化硼复合片等超硬材料(参见图1)，将其加工成刀具的刃部。传统工艺是将原盘切割成所需要的形状(参见图2)并烧焊(如：真空烧焊或高频烧焊等方法)到刀具基体(如：硬质合金材和钢材等)上(参见图3)。
这些复合片只能贴附于平面上(参见图3)，不能应用于螺旋形刀具上，以此制成的刀具的切削前角小不够锋利。对此，行业内采用刃倾角设计，但前角角度只能＜15度(而螺旋刀具前角一般在30以上)，导致刀具刚性不良；或者采用多段刃以模仿螺旋角(参见图9)，但制造工艺极其复杂，成本也高。
其次，由于采用圆盘状的超硬材料，其利用率有限，会产生大量边角料，致使材料的浪费。对此，刀具制造行业通过不断生产大直径圆盘，实现生产成本和价格的降低。
此外，当刀具需要以金属陶瓷、金刚石和立方氮化硼等超硬材料为刃部时，小直径刀具无法直接应用上述材料制造，只能通过涂层方法在已制成的小直径刀具上形成涂层，即在硬质合金制成的刃口上形成金属陶瓷涂层、金刚石涂层或立方氮化硼涂层都是现有技术。但这些涂层都有普通存在缺陷，如：涂层自身厚度约有0.002mm～0.01mm，这使得刀具刃部半径不得不增大0.004mm～0.02mm，对精密切削而言，切削半径的增大会大大提高切削阻力，不仅会降低被加工表面质量、而且会降低刀具寿命或直接折断；再如：涂层与刀刃的结合力不佳，特别是金刚石涂层和立方氮化硼涂层，尚没有成熟的大批量商业应用；以及涂层刀具的成本显著增加。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种超硬材料切削部件，以缩短螺旋形刀具的制造时间，降低制造成本。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种超硬材料切削部件的制造方法，以实现螺旋形切削部件的制造。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种刀具，其以螺旋形的超硬材料为切削刃部，提高刀具寿命和加工效率。
本发明的又一目的在于提供一种超硬材料切削部件在刀具制造中的应用。
本发明提供的一种超硬材料切削部件，包括
第一曲面和第二曲面，第一曲面的投影沿着第一圆，第二曲面的投影沿着第二圆，第一圆和第二圆系同心圆；
第三面，系螺旋形面，还同时与第一曲面和第二曲面相交。
超硬材料如：金属陶瓷、金刚石(尤其是人造聚晶金刚石)和立方氮化硼，或者硬质合金与金属陶瓷、金刚石和立方氮化硼之一种或几种的形成的复合材料。
以过第一圆圆心的轴线为参照，切削部件厚度为0.3mm～15mm，切削部件径向宽度在0.3mm～15mm，轴向长度为0.8mm～150mm。
切削部件的第三面的螺旋角度为5度～75度。
为了制取本发明的各种超硬材料切削部件，本发明还提供的一种制造方法，包括：
将超硬材料制成具有圆柱形外立面的坯料(如：管状、圆柱形、圆锥形和圆饼状)，切割工具沿坯料的轴向切割，同时还根据5度～75度的螺旋角度进行回转运动，从而产生一条螺旋形曲线的切割轨迹，并产生至少2件切削部件，因切割而至少在1件切削部件上形成1个螺旋形曲线的扫掠面；
制得的切削部件至少具有1个扫掠面和两个圆弧面，各个所述的圆弧面互相平行，所述的扫掠面分别与两个圆弧面相交，相交处所成的交线为螺旋形曲线。
通过高频焊接或真空焊接等方式将获得的螺旋形切削部件固定到预先开槽的刀具基体上，以此加工成刀具。基体所用的材料是钢、硬质合金或钨合金。
钨合金含有铁、铜和镍之一或几种金属，具体为：钨铁合金、钨铜合金和钨镍合金等高比重高密度钨合金。这些钨合金还含有铬、锰和钴等一种或几种金属，但不为刀具行业中用于加工刃部的硬质合金。
再对固定了螺旋形刀片(即制得的切削部件)的基体以常见的修磨方法形成各刃部的前刀面和后刀面，制成刀具。
本发明技术方案实现的有益效果：
使用本发明提供的超硬材料切削部件能使得刀具的寿命得到显著增加，使用效果得到很大提高，比如：采用采用螺旋形金属陶瓷刀片的刀具进行铝合金加工，可以在降低20％刀具成本的前提下，获得和直刃PCD刀具近似的表面加工质量和使用寿命；采用螺旋形金刚石刀片的刀具进行复合纤维材料加工，可以获得涂层金刚石刀具约4倍的寿命和3倍的加工效率。
附图说明
图1为圆盘状超硬材料复合片的示意图；
图2为从圆盘状超硬材料复合片上获取所需要形状的贴片的示意图；
图3为将所获得的贴片结合到刀具基体上的示意图；
图4为制取胚料所用超硬材料一实施例的示意图；
图5为以超硬材料制取的胚料一实施例的示意图；
图6为制取切削部件所用胚料一实施例的示意图；
图7为以胚料制取切削部件一实施例的示意图；
图8为将切削部件固定于基体制成的刀具一实施例的示意图；
图9为采用多段刃以模仿螺旋角刀具的示意图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图详细描述本发明的技术方案。本发明实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非限制，尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域的普通技术人员应当理解，可以对发明的技术方案进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神和范围，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。
如图4所示，采用烧结压铸、磨削、激光或线切割的方法将硬质材料制成坯料，如：制成圆柱形或者制成圆锥(制成具有锥度的切削部件用于锥度刀具)。
在圆柱形硬质材料上加工并获得若干具有圆柱形外立面的同心圆筒100(参见图5)。取得一个同心圆筒坯料(参见图6)，采用激光或砂轮磨削的加工方法，沿其轴向切割，同时还根据5度～75度的螺旋角度进行回转运动，从而产生一条螺旋形曲线的切割轨迹，而至少在1件切削部件110上形成1个螺旋形曲线的扫掠面。扫掠面分别与圆筒坯料的两个圆弧面相交，相交处所成的交线为螺旋形曲线。扫掠面的获得可以通过直线轴和回转轴联动加工的方式获得，如：5轴联动激光机床。
将获得的具有螺旋形面的切削部件通过高频焊接或真空焊接等方式固定到预先开槽的刀具基体200上，基体材料为钢、硬质合金或钨合金(其上还可以设置内冷却孔)。
再对烧焊了螺旋形刀片的刀具进行正常的各刃部的前刀面、后刀面的修磨形成用于切削加工的刀具(参见图7)。
与直刃金刚石刀具相比，螺旋刃金刚石刀具的工作前角大约增加了10°～30°，这大约可以减少10％以上的切削力，由此可以提高被加工表面质量，减少主轴负载并延长刀具寿命。通过实际测试发现，采用螺旋形金属陶瓷刀片的刀具进行铝合金加工，可以在降低20％刀具成本的前提下，获得和直刃PCD刀具近似的表面加工质量和使用寿命；采用螺旋形金刚石刀片的刀具进行复合纤维材料加工，可以获得涂层金刚石刀具约4倍的寿命和3倍的加工效率。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种超硬材料切削部件，其特征在于包括：
    第一曲面和第二曲面，第一曲面的投影沿着第一圆，第二曲面的投影沿着第二圆，第一圆和第二圆系同心圆；
    第三面，系对超硬材料坯料进行切割而形成的扫掠面，同时与第一曲面和第二曲面相交，相交处所成的交线为螺旋形曲线。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的超硬材料切削部件，其特征在于所述的超硬材料选自于金属陶瓷、金刚石和立方氮化硼之一种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的超硬材料切削部件，其特征在于所述的超硬材料为硬质合金与金属陶瓷、金刚石和立方氮化硼之一种或几种的形成的复合材料。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的超硬材料切削部件，其特征在于所述的切削部件厚度为0.3mm～15mm。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的超硬材料切削部件，其特征在于所述的切削部件宽度为0.3mm～15mm。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的超硬材料切削部件，其特征在于所述的切削部件长度为0.8mm～150mm。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的超硬材料切削部件，其特征在于所述的第三面的螺旋角度为5度～75度。
  8. 一种权利要求1所述超硬材料切削部件的制造方法，包括：
    将超硬材料制成具有圆柱形外立面的坯料，切割工具沿坯料的轴向切割，同时还根据5度～75度的螺旋角度进行回转运动，从而产生一条螺旋形曲线的切割轨迹，并产生至少2件切削部件，因切割而至少在1件切削部件上形成1个螺旋形曲线的扫掠面；
    制得的切削部件至少具有1个扫掠面和两个圆弧面，各个所述的圆弧面互相平行，所述的扫掠面分别与两个圆弧面相交，相交处所成的交线为螺旋形曲线。
  9. 一种权利要求1～7之一所述超硬材料切削部件用于制造刀具。
  10. 一种刀具，其特征在于包括权利要求1～7之一所述超硬材料切削部件。
PCT/CN2017/104677 2016-10-10 2017-09-29 超硬材料切削部件及其制造方法和用途 WO2018068669A1 (zh)

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JP2019534163A (ja) * 2016-10-10 2019-11-28 上海精▲靱▼激光科技有限公司Ｓｈａｎｇｈａｉ Ｊｉｎｇｒｅｎ Ｌａｓｅｒ Ｔｅｃｈｎｏｌｏｇｙ Ｃｏ． Ｌｔｄ． 超硬材料切削部材及びその製造方法並びにその用途
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