WO2018068455A1 - Matériau biodégradable fabriqué en utilisant des rebuts de champignon comestible, et procédé de fabrication correspondant - Google Patents

Matériau biodégradable fabriqué en utilisant des rebuts de champignon comestible, et procédé de fabrication correspondant Download PDF

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WO2018068455A1
WO2018068455A1 PCT/CN2017/073714 CN2017073714W WO2018068455A1 WO 2018068455 A1 WO2018068455 A1 WO 2018068455A1 CN 2017073714 W CN2017073714 W CN 2017073714W WO 2018068455 A1 WO2018068455 A1 WO 2018068455A1
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biodegradable material
slag
edible fungus
residue
fungus
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PCT/CN2017/073714
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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胡文锋
曹远欣
范国来
庞旭
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广州柏芳生物科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2018068455A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018068455A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L97/00—Compositions of lignin-containing materials
    • C08L97/02—Lignocellulosic material, e.g. wood, straw or bagasse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00—Properties
    • C08L2201/06—Biodegradable
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/03—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend
    • C08L2205/035—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/14—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing polymeric additives characterised by shape
    • C08L2205/16—Fibres; Fibrils

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of resource utilization and environmental protection of waste and agricultural and sideline products, in particular to a biodegradable material prepared by using edible fungus residue and a preparation method thereof.
  • This simple storage method not only causes the accumulation of pathogenic bacteria, the breeding of pests, the deterioration of the cultivation environment, but also poses a threat to the production of edible fungi.
  • the edible fungus slag is exposed to the sun and rain, soaking to produce a large amount of high-concentration organic wastewater, once it enters the water body. It will cause serious pollution to the aquatic environment and has become an environmental pollution problem that cannot be ignored. The treatment of edible fungus residue is imminent.
  • the treatment technology of edible fungus residue has been the focus of attention at home and abroad.
  • the domestic method for treating edible fungus residue is mainly used as a base fertilizer for crops, or as a cultivation substrate.
  • these two methods can alleviate the problem of large accumulation of edible fungi, there are also disadvantages.
  • the edible fungus residue contains a large amount of edible fungus mycelium, which is a natural binder, a forming agent, a plasticizer, and a release agent. If the fungus is planted, it is directly used as a fungus. Fertilizer is also a waste. Therefore, the reuse of edible fungus residue in the prior art is not sufficiently complete and thorough.
  • the present invention provides a biodegradable material prepared by using edible fungus slag.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of preparing a biodegradable material using edible fungus residue.
  • the invention aims to solve the environmental pollution problem caused by the accumulation of edible fungus slag in the prior art, and develops new utilization methods and methods for a large number of agricultural by-products, various straws, to achieve the purpose of environmental protection and energy conservation.
  • the invention utilizes the edible fungus slag which has just harvested the fruiting body and is free of contaminated bacteria as the pressing raw material, and the edible fungus slag hyphae which have just collected the edible fungus fruit body and no contaminated bacteria are dense, and the mycelium will culture the material. Wrapped and completely bonded to the culture material to form a dense mycelium, generally white. After pressing and drying, the mycelium film will form a relatively dense flat shell, while the edible fungus residue is arranged loosely and porous, forming a special natural network structure, and the flat shell portion is relatively relatively The loose core provides a certain degree of mechanical strength.
  • the combination provides a cushioning property for the edible fungus residue itself, and is prepared for use in packaging cushioning materials, insulation layers in building materials, ceilings, and decorative materials.
  • the fiber material, the adhesive and/or the lubricant may be mixed in a certain proportion, and the fiber material acts as a filler and cross-linking, and the glue
  • the adhesive can also be used to prevent mildew and water after mixing the adhesive with the edible fungus residue.
  • the lubricant increases the plasticity of the biodegradable material, and is easily removed after high temperature and high pressure molding. mold.
  • the biodegradable material is extruded by the following weight percentage raw materials: freshly harvested fruit body, no fungus contaminated edible fungus residue 75-100%, fiber material 0-13%, adhesive 0 to 8%, lubricant 0 to 4%.
  • the biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: freshly harvested fruit body, edible fungus-free fungus residue 82%, fibrous material 10%, adhesive 5%, lubricant 3%.
  • the edible fungus residue is freshly harvested fruit body, fresh oyster mushroom slag contaminated by no bacteria, mushroom slag, ganoderma lucidum slag, tianzhi slag, fungus slag, mushroom slag, straw mushroom
  • the fungus residue, the fungus residue, the bamboo sclerotium residue, the Flammulina velutipes slag, or the porcini fungus residue are used as the raw material for pressing, and the mixing ratio is not strictly limited.
  • the fibrous material is one or more of by-products of rice straw fiber, corn stalk fiber, defoliation, wood chips, bagasse, peanut shell, dregs, wood processing or furniture manufacturing. Mix The proportion is not strictly limited.
  • the adhesive is one or more of polyvinyl alcohol, phenol resin, urea resin or modified starch.
  • the mixing ratio is not strictly limited.
  • the lubricant is one or two of barium stearate or magnesium stearate.
  • the ratio of mixing is not strictly limited.
  • the biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: freshly harvested fruit body, edible fungus-free fungus residue 82%, fibrous material 10%, polyvinyl alcohol 3%, Modified starch 2%, barium stearate 1%, magnesium stearate 2%.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material as described above is:
  • step (3) The material obtained in the step (2) is further dried at a high temperature, and the mycelia of the edible fungus is killed, and the biodegradable material which is formed at a medium density or a high density is obtained by cutting.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material provided by the invention not only has simple operation, but also has low energy consumption, less waste, no pollution to the environment, and can recycle a large amount of edible fungus residue.
  • a web of material may be added in the middle of the mixture. More preferably, the mesh material is a screen subnet, a fiber web, a gauze mesh or a wire mesh.
  • the mixture After the mixture is placed in the mold, it is extruded in a high temperature and high pressure environment for a period of time. After the material is formed and reaches a prescribed density, the extrusion is finished; the formed material is placed in an oven at a high temperature for 4 hours or more, and simultaneously The sterilized silk is killed, and the mycelium film on the surface is formed into a relatively flat flat shell, that is, a biodegradable material having different densities of low, medium and high density is obtained.
  • the high temperature in the above step (2) is 140 to 220 ° C; and the high pressure in the above step (2) is 2.0 to 3.0 MPa.
  • the high temperature and high pressure time in the above step (2) is 3 to 8 minutes or 20 to 35 s/mm.
  • the high temperature drying temperature in the above step (3) is 60 to 120 °C.
  • the high temperature drying time in the above step (3) ranges from 2 to 8 hours.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • the invention selects the edible fungus slag with adhesive effect and is matched with the fiber material in a proper ratio to make the filler and the suitable cross-linking effect better, and the adhesive is used in addition to exerting the adhesive effect, and the adhesive is used.
  • the adhesive When mixed with edible fungus residue, it can also play a role in mold and water resistance.
  • the lubricant increases the plasticity of the biodegradable material, and is easily released after molding at high temperature and high pressure.
  • the invention provides a new way for the reuse of edible fungus residue, and brings economic benefits to the edible fungus factory.
  • the biodegradable material prepared by using the edible fungus residue can be used for packaging cushioning materials, thermal insulation layers of building materials, ceilings and decorative materials, and can partially replace the current foam plastics to reduce white pollution caused by the environment.
  • the used degradable materials can be reused as fertilizers, etc.
  • the edible fungus residue can be reused once, creating economic benefits while reducing environmental problems such as white pollution.
  • degradable plastics can now be produced on a large scale, the cost is relatively high, the technical content is relatively high, and the process is complicated.
  • the use of edible fungus residue to produce biodegradable materials not only has low cost, less waste, simple operation, and green production throughout the entire process; and can realize large-scale industrial production.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a biodegradable material (without a mesh material).
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of a biodegradable material (including a mesh material).
  • Figure 3 is a half cutaway view of a biodegradable material (containing a mesh material).
  • test methods used in the following examples are conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, if not specified, commercially available reagents and materials.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the ganoderma lucidum slag of the freshly collected fruit body is broken up or pulverized to control the moisture content to be 50%.
  • step (3) The material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 90 ° C for more than 4 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a low-density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: 85% of Flammulina velutipes and 15% of corn straw fiber.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the freshly collected fruiting body of the Flammulina velutipes slag is broken up or pulverized to control the moisture content to be 60%.
  • step (2) mixing the corn stalk into the mushroom slag prepared in step (1), mixing uniformly, then placing the mixture in the mold, adding a sieve sub-network in the middle of the mixture, filling the mixture with the mold, and finally pressing the hot pressing
  • the machine was formed by continuously pressing for 6 minutes at a hot pressing temperature of 180 ° C and a hot pressing pressure of 2.5 MPa.
  • the material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 90 ° C for more than 4 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a medium-density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: 75% Pleurotus eryngii, 15% wood fiber, 5% polyvinyl alcohol, and 5% phenolic resin.
  • the preparation method of the degradable material is as follows:
  • step (3) The material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 95 ° C for more than 5 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a high-density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: 90% of mushroom residue, 5% of polyvinyl alcohol, and 5% of phenolic resin.
  • the preparation method of the degradable material is as follows:
  • the shiitake mushroom residue of the freshly collected fruit body is broken up or pulverized to control the moisture content to be 60%.
  • step (3) The material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 95 ° C for more than 5 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a high-density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: oyster mushroom slag 82%, corn stalk fiber 10%, phenolic resin 2%, polyvinyl alcohol 2%, modified starch 1%, Magnesium stearate 2%, barium stearate 1%.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 120 ° C for more than 3 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a medium-density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: 82% fungus residue, 15% sugarcane bagasse fiber, and 3% magnesium stearate.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the fungus residue of the freshly collected fruit body is broken up or pulverized to control the moisture content to be 50%.
  • the material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 100 ° C for more than 4 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a medium density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: shiitake mushroom residue 75%, wood chip fiber 15%, polyvinyl alcohol 6%, modified starch 4%.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the shiitake mushroom residue of the freshly collected fruit body is broken up or pulverized to control the moisture content to be 60%.
  • step (3) The material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 95 ° C for more than 5 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a high-density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: Flammulina velutipes slag 77%, corn stalk fiber 15%, polyvinyl alcohol 5%, urea formaldehyde resin 3%.
  • the preparation method of the degradable material is as follows:
  • the freshly collected fruiting body of the Flammulina velutipes slag is broken up or pulverized to control the moisture content to be 60%.
  • the material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 85 ° C for more than 6 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a medium-density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: 80% Pleurotus ostreatus, 10% corn stalk fiber, 7% phenolic resin, and 3% stearic acid.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 90 ° C for more than 4 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a medium-density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: 80% of Tianzhi bacteria residue, 10% of straw fiber, 7% of phenolic resin, and 3% of barium stearate.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 90 ° C for more than 5 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then subjected to a cutting treatment to obtain a medium-density biodegradable material.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: 80% straw mushroom residue, 10% corn straw fiber, and 10% modified starch.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • step (2) mixing the corn stalk and the modified starch into the straw mushroom slag prepared in the step (1), mixing uniformly, and then placing the mixture in the mold, adding a gauze net in the middle of the mixture, and filling the mold with the mixture. Finally, the material was formed by a hot press at a hot pressing temperature of 160 ° C and a hot pressing pressure of 2.5 MPa for 6 minutes.
  • the material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 70 ° C for more than 6 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then subjected to a cutting treatment to obtain a medium-density biodegradable material.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: 90% of Flammulina velutipes, 7% of modified starch, and 3% of magnesium stearate lubricant.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the freshly collected fruiting body of the Flammulina velutipes slag is broken up or pulverized to control the moisture content to be 60%.
  • the material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 70 ° C for more than 6 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then subjected to a cutting treatment to obtain a medium-density biodegradable material.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: oyster mushroom residue 100%.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the oyster mushroom slag of the freshly collected fruit body is broken up or pulverized to control the moisture content to be 60%.
  • step (2) placing the oyster mushroom slag prepared in step (1) in a mold, adding a gauze net in the middle of the mixture, filling the mixture with the mold, and finally passing the hot press at a hot pressing temperature of 160 ° C, hot pressing pressure At 2.5 MPa, the material was formed after continuous extrusion for 6 minutes.
  • the material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 70 ° C for more than 6 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then subjected to a cutting treatment to obtain a medium-density biodegradable material.
  • An edible fungus residue biodegradable material is extruded from the following weight percentage raw materials: Flammulina velutipes slag 100%.
  • the preparation method of the biodegradable material is as follows:
  • the freshly collected fruiting body of the Flammulina velutipes slag is broken up or pulverized to control the moisture content to be 60%.
  • step (3) The material obtained by the step (2) is dried in an oven at 70 ° C for more than 6 hours, and the hyphae are simultaneously inactivated, and then a high-density biodegradable material is obtained by cutting.
  • the biodegradable materials obtained in the above Examples 1 to 6 and 13 and 14 were measured for density according to the national standard "GB/T 1033.2-2010 Determination of density of non-foamed plastics" Part 2: density gradient column method; Determination of the flexural properties according to the national standard “Determination of the bending properties of rigid foams” Part 1: Basic bending test to determine the flexural strength of composite materials; compressive strength according to the national standard "Determination of the compression properties of rigid foam plastics” Compressive strength is carried out; tensile strength is carried out according to GB/T1040.2-2006 standard; sound absorption performance is measured according to national standard "Standard for measurement of sound absorption coefficient and acoustic impedance ratio of standing wave tube method"; total number of E.
  • the measurement results show that the density of the biodegradable material of the edible fungus residue prepared by the invention is within the specified range (low density 0.25-0.45 g/cm 3 , medium density 0.45-0.60 g/cm 3 , high density 0.60-1.3). ⁇ /cm3); both bending strength and compressive strength are above 40 MPa, and tensile strength is also above 15 MPa; the total number of E.
  • the sound absorption coefficient value is 0.20 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 0.56, which belongs to sound absorbing material (sucking A material with a sound coefficient ⁇ greater than 0.20 is called a sound absorbing material, and the sound absorption coefficient is Materials with an alpha greater than 0.56 are referred to as high-efficiency sound absorbing materials); biodegradation times are also within the expected range (50 days).
  • Example 1 added fiber material, adhesive and lubricant.
  • Example 2 added fiber material;
  • Example 3 added fiber material and adhesive;
  • Example 4 added adhesive;
  • Example 5 added fiber material, adhesive and lubricant;
  • Example 6 added Fiber materials and lubricants.
  • the effect of Example 5 is the best, because the fiber material, the adhesive, the lubricant and the mesh material are added, and the mycelium of the Pleurotus ostreatus itself has good adhesion, so the physical properties of the product are good in all aspects; 14 is the worst, lacking the auxiliary role of fiber materials, adhesives, lubricants and mesh materials.
  • the invention provides a new way for the resource utilization of edible fungus slag, not only can turn waste into treasure, but also bring economic benefits to the edible fungus production plant, reduce the processing cost of edible fungus slag, and reduce the environment of edible fungus residue. The pollution caused.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un matériau biodégradable fabriqué en utilisant des rebuts de champignon comestible, et un procédé de fabrication correspondant. Le matériau biodégradable est formé par compression des ingrédients suivants en pourcentage en poids : 65 à 100 % de rebuts de champignon comestible ayant des corps fructifères récoltés et non contaminés par des bactéries, 0 à 15 % d'une matière fibreuse, 0 à 10 % d'un adhésif et 0 à 5 % d'un lubrifiant. La présente invention utilise des ingrédients simples et faciles à trouver, a recours à un procédé de fabrication simple, et permet de recycler des rebuts de champignon comestible. Le matériau biodégradable fabriqué en utilisant la présente invention peut être utilisé dans un matériau de rembourrage d'emballage, une couche d'isolation thermique dans un matériau de construction, une plaque de plafond, ou un produit de décoration. L'ensemble du procédé de fabrication est respectueux de l'environnement et facile à utiliser, il ne produit pas de pollution secondaire, et n'utilise pas d'agents chimiques comme le formaldéhyde, ce qui ne laisse pas de traces de formaldéhyde lorsqu'il est utilisé en tant que matériau de décoration ou matériau de construction, et assure une sécurité supérieure. La présente invention transforme un déchet en un matériau utile, augmente les gains financiers pour l'industrie des champignons comestibles, et utilise des sous-produits agricoles comme source de fibres pour développer une nouvelle utilisation de ces sous-produits. De plus, le matériau biodégradable de la présente invention peut remplacer les matériaux en mousse jetables, réduisant ainsi la pollution environnementale provoquée par les matériaux en mousse.
PCT/CN2017/073714 2016-10-13 2017-02-16 Matériau biodégradable fabriqué en utilisant des rebuts de champignon comestible, et procédé de fabrication correspondant WO2018068455A1 (fr)

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CN201610893048.9A CN106543758A (zh) 2016-10-13 2016-10-13 一种利用食用菌菌渣制备的可生物降解材料及其制备方法
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CN112898755A (zh) * 2021-02-25 2021-06-04 韩旭 一种高透光性可降解塑料农膜及其制备方法
CN113930081A (zh) * 2021-11-30 2022-01-14 鲁东大学 一种用于建筑填充菌丝复合砌块的制备方法
CN114573996A (zh) * 2022-03-01 2022-06-03 辽宁大学 一种铝糠板及其制备方法
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