WO2018059155A1 - 带有几何误差的三维实体模型的构建方法及计算机可读存储介质 - Google Patents
带有几何误差的三维实体模型的构建方法及计算机可读存储介质 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018059155A1 WO2018059155A1 PCT/CN2017/098083 CN2017098083W WO2018059155A1 WO 2018059155 A1 WO2018059155 A1 WO 2018059155A1 CN 2017098083 W CN2017098083 W CN 2017098083W WO 2018059155 A1 WO2018059155 A1 WO 2018059155A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T19/00—Manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
- G06T19/20—Editing of 3D images, e.g. changing shapes or colours, aligning objects or positioning parts
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
- G06T17/30—Polynomial surface description
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/20—Design optimisation, verification or simulation
- G06F30/23—Design optimisation, verification or simulation using finite element methods [FEM] or finite difference methods [FDM]
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T17/00—Three dimensional [3D] modelling, e.g. data description of 3D objects
- G06T17/10—Constructive solid geometry [CSG] using solid primitives, e.g. cylinders, cubes
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
- G06F30/00—Computer-aided design [CAD]
- G06F30/10—Geometric CAD
- G06F30/17—Mechanical parametric or variational design
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- G—PHYSICS
- G06—COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
- G06T—IMAGE DATA PROCESSING OR GENERATION, IN GENERAL
- G06T2219/00—Indexing scheme for manipulating 3D models or images for computer graphics
- G06T2219/20—Indexing scheme for editing of 3D models
- G06T2219/2021—Shape modification
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
- Y02P90/30—Computing systems specially adapted for manufacturing
Definitions
- the present application relates to the technical field of computer model construction, and in particular relates to a method for constructing a three-dimensional solid model with geometric errors, which can fuse real geometric errors into a three-dimensional solid model.
- the application also relates to a computer readable storage medium.
- the assembly process of precision/ultra-precision mechanical systems generally encounters the following problems: in the case of qualified parts processing, the accuracy of the system after assembly cannot meet the design requirements, and the assembly success rate is low.
- the main reason is that in addition to the dimensional error of machined parts, there are always some geometric errors in their respective surfaces. These surfaces are microscopically composed of many different sizes and shapes of peaks and valleys.
- the influence of the geometric error of the surface of the part on the assembly quality is mainly reflected in the influence of the irregular micro-convex on the surface of the part on the matching property and the matching precision.
- the CAD system is the main means of building part models in virtual assembly.
- common 3D models mainly include surface models and solid models representing three-dimensional shapes.
- the solid model is the most complete representation model for expressing the geometric and topological information of three-dimensional objects. It accurately defines the geometric shape of three-dimensional objects, and is the geometric model expression commonly used in 3D CAD systems.
- the CAD models used in the assembly simulation are ideal. model. Due to the inevitable manufacturing error and other factors in the actual production process of the parts, the actual assembly parts have a certain deviation from the ideal model, which makes the assembly simulation analysis can not accurately analyze the assembly error accumulation and assembly of the actual product. Information such as stress and assembly deformation.
- the main purpose of the present application is to propose a method for constructing a three-dimensional solid model, which can integrate the geometric error of the part with the CAD model to obtain a three-dimensional solid model with geometric errors, so as to facilitate the virtual assembly technology. To simulate or pre-determine the accuracy of the assembled system.
- a method for constructing a three-dimensional solid model with geometric errors includes the following steps:
- step S10 a geometrical entity ideal model of the part is established in the CAD system.
- step S10 points, lines, and faces of the geometric entity are generated according to the structure and nominal size, nominal angle, and nominal position of the geometric entity of the part, and a geometrical entity ideal model of the part is established.
- step S20 the geometric error NURBS surface model of the surface is established using geometric error data of the surface of the part.
- step S20 specifically includes the steps of:
- the rectangular domain type dot matrix Q k,j obtained in step S220 is parameterized by using an averaging technique in the row direction u and the column direction v, respectively, to obtain a node parameter value. with Further obtaining node vectors U and V;
- step S250 the ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇
- step S30 the geometric error model obtained in step S20 is imported into the CAD system in an IGES format file, and a surface CAD model of the geometric error is established to determine the true surface of the part, with the real surface as a geometric error.
- step S30 after determining the source of the Brep data,
- Geometric element data table and topology element data table extract the Brep data of the geometric error surface CAD model, obtain the geometric element information of the changing surface, the variation line and the variation point, and the topological relationship between the geometric elements, and construct corresponding data according to the geometric data and the data structure of the topology data.
- Geometric element data table and topology element data table extract the Brep data of the geometric error surface CAD model, obtain the geometric element information of the changing surface, the variation line and the variation point, and the topological relationship between the geometric elements, and construct corresponding data according to the geometric data and the data structure of the topology data.
- step S30 the Brep data of the corresponding ideal geometric element in the Brep data structure of the geometric entity ideal model is replaced by the Brep data of the geometric error surface CAD model, and the topological structure of the geometric entity ideal model is kept unchanged, and the Bpre data is constructed.
- the NURBS-Brep data structure of the real geometric entity model is constructed.
- step S30 after the data replacement is completed, the replaced data is parsed in the CAD system to reconstruct a three-dimensional solid model of the geometric error.
- step S30 the topology data and the geometric data of the NURBS-Brep data structure are written into the SAT file, and the SAT file is restored into the CAD system through the exchange interface between the SAT file and the CAD system for analysis. Obtain a 3D solid model with geometric errors.
- Another object of the present application is to provide a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program capable of implementing a three-dimensional solid model with geometric errors proposed by the present application when the computer program is executed by a processor The steps to build a method.
- the method for constructing the three-dimensional solid model of the present application is sufficient to integrate the geometric error of the part with the CAD model, thereby obtaining a three-dimensional solid model with geometric errors, which can describe the regular shape features of the real surface of the part at a macro level, and
- the microscopic level reflects irregular geometric error shape features of the surface of the part, and the entire process of constructing the three-dimensional solid model of the present application can be automatically implemented in a computer system.
- FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method of constructing a three-dimensional solid model with geometric errors in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the present application
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a process of generating a geometrical model of a part based on a SAT file
- FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a Brep data extraction and reconstruction process
- Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of an example of a real geometric solid model of a part with common geometric features.
- a three-dimensional shape is represented in a computer and is usually represented by a wireframe model, a surface model, or a solid model.
- the three-dimensional shape information preserved by the wireframe model and the surface model is incomplete, and only the solid model can represent the three-dimensional shape completely and unambiguously. Therefore, the solid model is the main design object of the engineering and manufacturing industry in the current CAD system. the way.
- geometric solid models are used to describe the geometric information of the shape, size, position and structural relationship of the product. model.
- the geometric entity model representation methods in CAD system mainly include: CSG representation (ie, constructing solid geometric representation, CSG is short for Constructive Solid Geometry), Brep representation (ie, boundary representation, Brep is short for Boundary Representation) and CSG/Brep hybrid representation.
- CSG representation ie, constructing solid geometric representation, CSG is short for Constructive Solid Geometry
- Brep representation ie, boundary representation, Brep is short for Boundary Representation
- CSG/Brep hybrid representation Three major categories.
- the Brep representation (ie, the boundary representation) represents the entity by describing the boundary of the entity, which is an unambiguous representation of the solid model in the three-dimensional geometric modeling.
- Boundary representation is the use of a finite number of curved crop body boundary surfaces to describe three-dimensional objects that divide the object into internal and external, defining the boundaries of the entity, and the entities are uniquely defined.
- these surfaces include: planes, quadric surfaces (such as cylinders, cones, spheres, etc.), and/or free-form surfaces (such as B-spline surfaces, NURBS surfaces, etc.).
- NURBS is a non-uniform rational B-spline, which is an abbreviation of Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines.
- geometric information refers to basic geometric element information such as point, curve, and surface of the model, which can describe the size, size, position and shape of the part, such as the coordinate value of the vertex and the surface of the part ( Surface) equation parameters and other information.
- the topology information is information describing the number, type, and relationship between the topological node elements on the part shape.
- the topology information usually describes the topological relationship between three-dimensional solid geometric elements by eight levels of structure: body->block->shell->face->ring->directed edge->edge->point", according to topology information. Determine the adjacency of the surface of the object.
- FIG. 1 The basic flow of the method for constructing a three-dimensional solid model with geometric errors of the present application is as shown in FIG. 1 , and mainly includes the following steps:
- step S10 and step S20 is not limited, and may be interchanged or may be performed synchronously.
- the geometrical entity ideal model of the part can be established in the CAD system, or the established geometric entity ideal model can be imported.
- a local coordinate system of a current real geometric feature (such as a geometric entity of a part) may be first established in, for example, a Creo system; then a point of the geometric feature is generated based on the structure and nominal size, nominal angle, nominal position, etc. of the current geometric feature. , line, surface, get the ideal geometry of the geometric feature, that is, get the geometric entity ideal model of the part.
- the geometric error data of the surface of the part can be obtained by direct measurement, for example, by an error measuring tool such as a three-dimensional scanner directly connected to a computer, or the previously measured error data can be imported into a computer. These geometric error data can then be used to build a geometric error model. Specifically, the geometric error NURBS surface model of the surface can be constructed using these geometric error data. The preferred specific establishment process will be described in detail later.
- step S30 the geometric error NURBS surface model obtained in step S20 can be imported into the Creo system as an IGES format file in the same coordinate system as in step S10, and a geometric error surface CAD model is established to determine the true surface of the part.
- the real surface serves as a Brep data source for a three-dimensional solid model with geometric errors, wherein the Brep data includes geometric information and topology information.
- the corresponding Brep data can be extracted based on the geometric entity ideal CAD model, and the ideal point, line and surface geometric element information of the CAD model and the topological relationship between the geometric elements can be obtained, and the data structure of the geometric data and the topology data is constructed.
- Corresponding geometric element data table and topological element data table on the other hand, the same method can be used to extract the Brep data of the geometric error surface CAD model, and obtain the changing surface, the variation line and the variation point, that is, the real, error-bearing geometry. Elements (faces, lines, and points) that build the corresponding data structure tables.
- extracting the corresponding Brep data can be completed based on the Creo secondary development technology.
- the Brep data of the geometric error surface CAD model (ie, the Brep data of the change surface, the change line and the change point) is used to replace the Brep data of the corresponding ideal geometric element in the Brep data structure of the ideal geometric model of the part geometric entity, and the ideal CAD model.
- the topology remains the same, This constructs the NURBS-Brep data structure of the real geometric entity model. That is to say, in the method of the present application, the idea of separating the geometric information from the topology information is adopted, and the topology of the ideal model of the geometric entity is kept unchanged, and only the corresponding geometric element information is modified.
- the topology data of the NURBS-Brep data structure and the geometric data associated with the topology data may be directly written into the SAT file according to the topology information of the CAD model and the SAT file data format, through the CAD system and
- the mapping relationship between the SAT files and the direct exchange of the SAT file into the CAD system through the exchange interface between the SAT file and the Creo system the geometric error and the underlying data of the CAD model can be effectively integrated, thereby rapidly generating the geometry.
- the 3D solid model of the error The generation process of the geometrical solid model of the part based on the SAT file is shown in Fig. 2.
- a surface of the rectangular parallelepiped part is taken as an example, (a) is a schematic diagram before the surface is replaced, and (b) is a schematic diagram after the surface is replaced. .
- the CAD model can be regenerated, that is, the integrated data is parsed in the CAD system, the 3D solid model of the geometric error is reconstructed, and the topology integrity check can be performed. To avoid disrupting the topology of the CAD model.
- the geometric error is superimposed on the ideal model of the geometrical entity of the part, and the geometric error is effectively integrated with the underlying data of the CAD model to generate a 3D solid model with geometric errors. Construct the real geometric entity features of the part.
- the geometric error of a surface may be superimposed on the ideal model of the geometrical entity of the part, or the geometric errors of the multiple surfaces may be superimposed one by one or simultaneously.
- the SAT file is a storage file of the geometric entity model topology information and the geometric information.
- the topology data and the associated geometric element information may be performed according to the standard format of the SAT file.
- the pattern is written to a text file.
- the process of integrating the geometric error with the underlying data of the CAD model preferably includes the following two steps:
- the specific process includes:
- A1 Traversing the topological structure tree of the geometric entity model from top to bottom, extracting the topological elements one by one from the top level nodes of the topology according to the hierarchical relationship of the topology information, and constructing the topology element data structure;
- Topological element information and geometric element information are respectively stored in the corresponding database, and the complete Brep data structure of the solid model is constructed, that is, the geometric element table and the topological element table; wherein, according to the geometric element (such as point, line, surface) data structure is established.
- step (2) preferably as shown in FIG. 3(b), the specific process includes:
- each topology node in the topology is established from bottom to top, and the geometric information is associated with the corresponding topology node to establish a mapping relationship between the topology element and the geometric element;
- the idea of separating geometric information from topological information is an important three-dimensional geometric design idea of Brep's geometrical solid model. Based on this separate design idea, in the solid model represented by Brep, geometric element data and topological element data can be relative in the computer. Independently stored, the CAD system establishes the mapping relationship between them through the association operation to realize the accurate expression of the three-dimensional geometric model. Therefore, the extraction and reconstruction of CAD model geometric element data and topology element data are relatively independent, so in this application, geometric element data and topological element data can be extracted first, then the topological element data is kept unchanged, and only the corresponding geometry is modified.
- Elemental data such as the coordinates of points, equations of curves and surfaces, etc.
- the modification of geometric element data does not affect the topological element data, thus achieving the effective integration of geometric errors and CAD models.
- the topology of the solid model with geometric errors is identical to the topology of the ideal cube model.
- the geometric information is only different between the models. The difference is that the boundaries of the ideal cube are straight lines and planes, while the boundaries of the solid model with geometric errors are curves and surfaces.
- step S20 preferably uses a NURBS surface mathematical model to characterize the geometric error surface of the actual part surface, and establishes a geometric error NURBS surface mathematical model based on the actual surface measurement data of the part.
- step S20 may include the following steps:
- the geometric error data of the surface of the part can be directly measured by a high-precision measuring instrument such as a coordinate measuring machine, and the measurement data of the double-ordered topological rectangular mesh characteristic on the surface of the part is obtained.
- the topological rectangular grid includes n+1 ⁇ m+1 data points, and the double ordering means that the rectangular domain lattices are arranged in order in both directions;
- a measurement data lattice regularized on the surface of the part that is, a rectangular domain value.
- node parameter values and the specific calculation method of the node vector U is:
- node parameter value can be calculated.
- node vector V node vector
- the mathematical model of error generates a geometric error surface model through positive calculation.
- step S250 is as follows:
- R i,p (u) represents the rational basis function of the p-NURBS curve determined by the i-th data point
- R j,q (v) represents the rational basis function of the q-th NURBS curve determined by the j-th data point
- P i,j represents the NURBS surface control grid vertices
- the intermediate control vertex C i,l is obtained by solving the matrix equation
- the real geometric model of the part contains dimensional deviation, positional deviation and irregular surface shape error, which reflects the geometrical shape of the actual surface of the part.
- Figures 4(a)-(c) show examples of real geometric solid models of parts with common geometric features.
- (a) is a real geometrical solid model of a cubic part containing multiple surface geometric errors
- (b) The real geometric solid model of the ring-shaped part including the geometric error of the inner cylindrical surface
- (c) is the real geometric solid model of the axial part containing the geometric error of the outer cylindrical surface.
- the surface error is magnified 100 times in the surface method.
- the real geometric model of the part can not only describe the shape features of the real surface rules of the parts at the macro level, but also reflect the irregular geometric error shape details of the parts surface at the micro level.
- the construction method of the 3D solid model of the present application can be summarized as: using the existing CAD software to construct the ideal 3D model of the part, which is the basis of the real part geometric entity model construction; using the geometric error model construction method based on NURBS reconstruction CAD surface model describing the geometric error of the surface of the real part; according to the design idea of separating the geometric data of the solid model and the topological data based on the Brep boundary, extract the geometric data and topological data of the ideal 3D model Brep data respectively, by using the geometric error surface data and ideal
- the surface geometry data is replaced and integrated with the topological data to realize the effective integration of the geometric error with the underlying data of the CAD model, and the corresponding 3D solid model with geometric error is constructed.
- the output is a real physical geometry model that is ultimately easy to analyze and apply.
- the present application also proposes that the geometric error NURBS surface mathematical model based on the IGES data interface is accurately expressed in the CAD model system, and the geometric error surface CAD model is established, that is, the actual measurement data of the part surface is used.
- Geometric error NURBS surface The mathematical model parameters are stored in IGES format, and the NURBS surface model is first converted into a standard IGES file, and then imported into the existing CAD system to generate a geometric error CAD surface model.
- the present application also provides a computer readable storage medium having stored thereon a computer program capable of implementing the present application when the computer program is executed by the processor The steps of the proposed method of constructing a three-dimensional solid model with geometric errors.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (12)
- 一种带有几何误差的三维实体模型的构建方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:S10、获得零件的几何实体理想模型;S20、利用零件表面的几何误差数据建立零件表面的几何误差模型;S30、利用所述几何误差模型替换所述几何实体理想模型中的对应表面,获得带有几何误差的三维实体模型。
- 根据权利要求1所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S10中,在CAD系统中建立零件的几何实体理想模型。
- 根据权利要求2所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S10中,根据零件的几何实体的结构和名义尺寸、名义角度、以及名义位置,生成所述几何实体的点、线、面,建立起零件的几何实体理想模型。
- 根据权利要求1-3任一项所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S20中,利用零件表面的几何误差数据建立所述表面的几何误差NURBS曲面模型。
- 根据权利要求4所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S20具体包括步骤:S210、获得零件表面的测量数据,所述测量数据具有双有序化的拓扑矩形网格特性,其中拓扑矩形网格上包括n+1×m+1个数据点;S220、对测量数据进行预处理,获得零件表面的测量数据点阵,即矩形域型值点阵,其中,拓扑矩形网格上第k行第l列数据点对应的型值点为Qk,l(k=0,1,…,n;l=0,1,…,m);S230、确定NURBS曲面的次数为p和q,型值点Qk,l的权因子为wk,l=1;S250、进行NURBS曲面插值,反算得到全部控制顶点坐标Pk,l,k=0,1,…,n;l=0,1,…,m;S260、根据步骤S230中确定的NURBS曲面次数p、q和权因子wk,l,步骤S240中计算的节点矢量U和V,并利用步骤S250中得到的全部控制顶点坐标Pk,l,k=0,1,…,n;l=0,1,…,m作为NURBS曲面参数,通过NURBS曲面重构建立零件表面的几何误差模型。
- 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S30中,将步骤S20中获得的几何误差模型以IGES格式文件导入CAD系统中,建立几何误差的曲面CAD模型,以确定零件真实表面,以所述真实表面作为带有几何误差的三维实体模型的Brep数据来源。
- 根据权利要求7所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S30中,在确定Brep数据来源后,提取所述几何实体理想模型的Brep数据,获得CAD模型理想的点、线、面几何元素信息及几何元素之间的拓扑结构关系,并根据几何数据与拓扑数据的数据结构构建相应的几何元素数据表和拓扑元素数据表;和/或,提取几何误差曲面CAD模型的Brep数据,获得变动面、变动线和变动点的几何元素信息及几何元素之间的拓扑结构关系,并根据几何数据与拓扑数据的数据结构构建相应的几何元素数据表和拓扑元素数据表。
- 根据权利要求7所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S30中,用几 何误差曲面CAD模型的Brep数据替换几何实体理想模型的Brep数据结构中相应的理想几何元素的Brep数据,同时,保持几何实体理想模型的拓扑结构不变,构建出真实几何实体模型的NURBS-Brep数据结构。
- 根据权利要求9所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S30中,在完成数据替换后,在CAD系统中对替换后的数据进行解析,重构出几何误差的三维实体模型。
- 根据权利要求10所述的构建方法,其特征在于,步骤S30中,将NURBS-Brep数据结构的拓扑数据和几何数据写入SAT文件中,并通过SAT文件与CAD系统之间的交换接口,将SAT文件还原导入CAD系统中,以进行解析获得带有几何误差的三维实体模型。
- 一种计算机可读存储介质,其上存储有计算机程序,其特征在于,当所述计算机程序被处理器运行时,能够实现根据权利要求1-11之一所述的带有几何误差的三维实体模型的构建方法的步骤。
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