WO2018052215A1 - Dispositif électrochrome - Google Patents

Dispositif électrochrome Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018052215A1
WO2018052215A1 PCT/KR2017/009735 KR2017009735W WO2018052215A1 WO 2018052215 A1 WO2018052215 A1 WO 2018052215A1 KR 2017009735 W KR2017009735 W KR 2017009735W WO 2018052215 A1 WO2018052215 A1 WO 2018052215A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
electrode
disposed
bus electrode
electrochromic device
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/KR2017/009735
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
박진경
오운수
이인회
손문영
채윤근
Original Assignee
엘지이노텍 주식회사
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Priority claimed from KR1020160118238A external-priority patent/KR102622556B1/ko
Priority claimed from KR1020160182446A external-priority patent/KR20180077770A/ko
Priority claimed from KR1020170003616A external-priority patent/KR20180082213A/ko
Application filed by 엘지이노텍 주식회사 filed Critical 엘지이노텍 주식회사
Priority to CN201790001228.XU priority Critical patent/CN209657052U/zh
Publication of WO2018052215A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018052215A1/fr

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
    • G02F1/1516—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising organic material
    • G02F1/15165—Polymers
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G02F1/155—Electrodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B26/00—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements
    • G02B26/02—Optical devices or arrangements for the control of light using movable or deformable optical elements for controlling the intensity of light
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/03—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on ceramics or electro-optical crystals, e.g. exhibiting Pockels effect or Kerr effect
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/153—Constructional details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
    • G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
    • G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour 
    • G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour  based on an electrochromic effect
    • G02F1/163—Operation of electrochromic cells, e.g. electrodeposition cells; Circuit arrangements therefor

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electrochromic device, and more particularly to an electrode included in the electrochromic device.
  • Electrochromism is a phenomenon in which the color is reversibly changed depending on the electric field direction when a voltage is applied.
  • An electrochromic material is a material whose reversible optical properties can be changed by an electrochemical redox reaction having such characteristics. .
  • the electrochromic material does not have a color when no electric signal is applied from the outside and becomes colored when the electric signal is applied, or conversely when the signal is not applied from the outside, the electric signal is applied. When the color disappears.
  • Electrochromic device is a device that uses the phenomenon that the light transmittance of electrochromic material is changed by electrochemical redox reaction. It is used to control the light transmittance or reflectivity of building window glass or automobile mirror. As well as the color change of the light source, it is known that it has an infrared ray blocking effect.
  • the present invention has been made in an effort to provide an electrochromic device and an electrode thereof.
  • An electrochromic device includes a first substrate, a first electrode layer disposed on the first substrate, a bus electrode disposed on the first electrode layer, and a color change material layer disposed adjacent to the bus electrode. And an electrolyte layer disposed on the color change material layer, a second electrode layer disposed on the electrolyte layer, and a second substrate disposed on the second electrode layer, and further comprising an oxide layer disposed on a surface of the bus electrode.
  • the bus electrode may comprise copper.
  • the oxide layer may include cuprous oxide (Cu 2 O) and cuprous oxide (CuO).
  • the oxide layer may be black or black brown.
  • One surface of the bus electrode may form a contact surface with the first electrode layer, and the contact surface may be a scattering screen.
  • the bus electrode may occupy an area of 0.4 to 10% per unit area.
  • the width W of the bus electrode may be 10 to 3000 ⁇ m.
  • the ratio T / W of the thickness T to the width W of the bus electrode may be 0.02 or more.
  • the bus electrodes may be arranged at intervals of 0.1 to 100 mm.
  • At least one of the density and the thickness of the oxide layer may be greater than at least one of the density and the thickness of the first electrode layer.
  • the color change material layer may be disposed on the first electrode layer and cover the exposed area of the first electrode layer.
  • the color change material layer may be disposed on side surfaces of the bus electrode and the oxide layer.
  • a portion of the oxide layer may be disposed on the discoloration material layer.
  • the bus electrode may have a shape in which a plurality of lines are arranged in parallel.
  • the bus electrode may be arranged in a lattice shape.
  • the bus electrode may include a plurality of vertical electrodes parallel to a plurality of parallel horizontal electrodes, and an angle ⁇ between the plurality of parallel horizontal electrodes and the plurality of parallel vertical electrodes may be 45 ° to 135 °. .
  • the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer may include at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), indium zinc oxide (IZO), and fluorine tin oxide (FTO).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • IZO indium zinc oxide
  • FTO fluorine tin oxide
  • an electrochromic device having a high discoloration rate can be obtained.
  • the electrode of the electrochromic device according to the embodiment of the present invention is not easily oxidized in spite of repeated driving, thereby obtaining a highly reliable electrochromic device.
  • 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart illustrating a method of forming an oxide layer of a metal wiring electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • 6 to 10 are cross-sectional views of a part of an electrochromic device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of forming a passivation layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 13 to 17 are cross-sectional views of a part of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 19 is a cross-sectional view of a bus electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 20 is a cross-sectional view of a bus electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • 21 is a cross-sectional view of a bus electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram for describing a method of forming the bus electrode of FIG. 21.
  • FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a bus electrode according to another exemplary embodiment of the present invention.
  • 24 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates an example in which a bus electrode is disposed in the electrochromic device according to the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 24.
  • FIG. 26 is a plan view illustrating an example in which an electrochromic device according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention is applied to an ESL.
  • FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG. 26.
  • FIG 28 illustrates an electrochromic device including an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 29 is a diagram illustrating an electron shelf label system to which an electrochromic device is applied according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • ordinal numbers such as second and first
  • first and second components may be used to describe various components, but the components are not limited by the terms. The terms are used only for the purpose of distinguishing one component from another.
  • second component may be referred to as the first component, and similarly, the first component may also be referred to as the second component.
  • each layer, region, pattern, or structure may be “under” or “under” a substrate, each layer (film), region, pad, or pattern.
  • the substrate to be formed in includes all formed directly or through another layer. Criteria for the top / bottom or bottom / bottom of each layer will be described with reference to the drawings.
  • the thickness or size of each layer (film), region, pattern or structure in the drawings may be modified for clarity and convenience of description, and thus do not necessarily reflect the actual size.
  • 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device.
  • the electrochromic device 100 is disposed on a first substrate 110 and a second substrate 120, a first substrate 110, and a second substrate 120 that are disposed to face each other.
  • the color change material layer 150 and the first electrode layer disposed on any one of the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140, the first electrode layer 130, and the second electrode layer 140 disposed to face each other.
  • An ion storage layer 160 disposed on the other one of the 130 and the second electrode layer 140, and the electrolyte layer 170 disposed between the color change material layer 150 and the ion storage layer 160. .
  • the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140 are connected to the first terminal portion 20 and the second terminal portion 22 having different polarities, respectively, and are powered from the first terminal portion 20 and the second terminal portion 22.
  • the sealing part 190 may be further disposed on side surfaces of the color change material layer 150, the ion storage layer 160, and the electrolyte layer 170. Further, although the color change material layer 150 and the electrolyte layer 170 are illustrated as being separated from each other, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the color change material layer 150 and the electrolyte layer 170 may be dispersed in the electrolyte layer 170.
  • the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120 is a transparent substrate having a transmittance (T%) of 98% or more, and may be glass or plastic.
  • the color change material layer 150 may include a conductive polymer and a non-conductive material selected from organic and inorganic materials.
  • the conductive polymer may be a derivative of a conductive polymer or monomer polymerized from monomers of polyaniline, polypyrrole, and polythiophene, which are capable of oxidation / reduction.
  • the nonconductive material may include an aromatic compound capable of oxidation / reduction reaction.
  • aromatic compound capable of oxidation / reduction reaction.
  • internal electron transfer such as bisterpyridine derivatives including viologen, biphenyl derivatives, and thiophene derivatives is possible, and color can be changed depending on oxidation / reduction status. It may be organic.
  • the color change material layer 150 may be selected from the group consisting of tungsten oxide, molybdenum oxide, titanium oxide, and vanadium oxide. It is not limited to this.
  • the color change material layer 150 may be formed in the form of a multilayer thin film.
  • the ion storage layer 160 may be selected from the group consisting of ion conductive polymers such as acryllamidopropane sulfonic acid and acrylic acid, but is not limited thereto.
  • the color change material layer 150 includes the first color change material and the ion storage layer 160 includes the second color change material
  • the color change material layer 150 is referred to as a first color change material layer
  • the ion storage layer ( 160 may be referred to as a second color change material layer.
  • At least one of the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140 may include a transparent electrode, and the transparent electrode is disposed on the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120, which are transparent substrates, respectively.
  • the transmittance (T%) may be 85% or more.
  • the transparent electrode may include among indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), indiun zinc oxide (IZO), silver (Ag), and aluminum (Al).
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • FTO fluorine tin oxide
  • IZO indiun zinc oxide
  • silver Ag
  • Al aluminum
  • at least one of the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140 is a transparent electrode is replaced by a grid-shaped electrode, a plurality of lines spaced apart at predetermined intervals on the transparent electrode in parallel, mesh shape or A grid-shaped electrode can be further arranged.
  • an electrode having a parallel shape, an electrode having a mesh shape, or an electrode having a lattice shape may be referred to as a metal electrode, a metal wiring electrode, a bus electrode, or an auxiliary electrode.
  • the bus electrode may include, for example, at least one of copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and silver (Ag).
  • the overall resistance of the electrode layer may be lowered. Therefore, the discoloration speed becomes faster. In particular, the narrower the pitch of the bus electrodes, the faster the discoloration rate can be.
  • the bus electrode is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the plurality of vertical electrodes parallel to the parallel horizontal electrodes are arranged in a mesh shape that is substantially perpendicular to each other, but is not limited thereto.
  • An angle ⁇ between the plurality of parallel horizontal electrodes and the plurality of vertical electrodes parallel to each other may be 45 ° to 135 °.
  • the mesh-shaped metal electrode may include a mesh line LA and a mesh opening OA between the mesh lines LA.
  • the mesh opening OA may be formed in various shapes.
  • the mesh opening OA may be polygonal or circular in shape, such as square, diamond, pentagon, and hexagon.
  • the mesh opening OA may be a regular shape or a random shape.
  • intersection C of the mesh opening OA may be inclined to have a predetermined slope, or may be bent to have a predetermined curvature. According to this, the current flow is prevented from being concentrated at the corners of the intersections C, thereby preventing deterioration of the metal electrode and smoothly flowing the current on the surface of the metal electrode.
  • the mesh electrode bus 180 may be formed in an embossed or intaglio manner.
  • FIG. 2B a shape in which a plurality of metal electrodes are parallel to each other is illustrated.
  • the intervals D1 and D2 between the plurality of lines may be all the same or different from each other, and the ratio of the electrode interval to the electrode width may be 5 to 1000.
  • the plurality of lines may be curved as well as straight, or may be disposed spaced apart from each other at the same interval or at different intervals.
  • the area actually occupied by the bus electrodes per unit area may be 0.4% to 10%.
  • 10 * 10cm 2 per area of the bus electrode is actually occupied may be a 0.4 to 10cm 2
  • 10 * 10mm 2 per area of the bus electrode is actually occupied may be from 0.4 to 10mm 2.
  • the cations in the bus electrode may be combined with oxygen of the electrolyte layer 170 to be oxidized.
  • the grid-shaped electrode is oxidized, it may affect the reliability of the electrochromic device.
  • an oxide layer is disposed on a bus electrode to prevent the bus electrode from being oxidized.
  • FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrochromic device 100 is disposed on the first transparent substrate 110 and the second transparent substrate 120, the first transparent substrate 110, and the second transparent substrate 120 which are disposed to face each other.
  • a color change material layer 150 disposed on one of the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140, the first electrode layer 130, and the second electrode layer 140, which are respectively disposed on and opposite to each other;
  • An ion storage layer 160 disposed on the other one of the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140, and the electrolyte layer 170 disposed between the color change material layer 150 and the ion storage layer 160. It includes.
  • the total thickness of the color change material layer 150, the ion storage layer 160 and the electrolyte layer 170 may be 50 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the conductivity may decrease to slow the reaction rate.
  • the bus electrode 180 is further disposed on the first electrode layer 130, and the oxide layer 182 is further disposed on the surface of the bus electrode 180.
  • the first electrode layer 130 may be a transparent electrode, and may include at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), indiun zinc oxide (IZO), silver (Ag), and aluminum (Al). can do.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • FTO fluorine tin oxide
  • IZO indiun zinc oxide
  • Ag silver
  • Al aluminum
  • the bus electrode 180 may have a shape, a mesh shape, or a grid shape in which a plurality of metal wires as illustrated in FIG. 2 are parallel to each other, and copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), aluminum (Al), and silver. It may include at least one of (Ag).
  • the area actually occupied by the bus electrode 180 per unit area may be 0.4 to 10%.
  • 10 * 10mm 2 in the bus electrode 180 are actually occupied area may be a range of 0.4 to 10mm 2
  • 10 * 10cm 2 in the bus electrode 180 are actually occupied area can be from 0.4 to 10cm 2.
  • the area of the bus electrode 180 is less than 0.4%, the effect as the bus electrode may be insignificant.
  • the area of the bus electrode exceeds 10%, visibility may be lowered.
  • the bus electrodes 180 when the bus electrodes 180 are arranged in a lattice shape, unit electrodes of a plurality of parallel vertical electrodes or a plurality of parallel vertical electrodes cross each other.
  • the width W of the unit electrode may be 0.1 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 30 ⁇ m, and the intervals D1 and D2 are 0.1 to 100 mm, preferably 1 to 1 ⁇ m. 50 mm, more preferably 10 to 20 mm.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and may be variously modified according to the required color change speed and the scale of the application.
  • the visibility of the electrochromic device can be improved by adjusting the width and spacing of the bus electrode 180.
  • the bus electrode 180 is arranged in the shape of a line.
  • the width W of the bus electrode may be implemented in a range of 10 ⁇ m to 3000 ⁇ m, and the plurality of lines are arranged in parallel with each other. In this case, the plurality of lines may be disposed at a distance of 50 ⁇ m to 100,000 ⁇ m.
  • the cross-sectional area of the bus electrode should be 20 ⁇ m 2 or more, and visibility is ensured when the ratio T / W of the thickness T to the width W of the bus electrode is 0.02 or more.
  • the line width W is smaller than 10 ⁇ m, the line resistance is high, and when the line width W is larger than 3000 ⁇ m, visibility may be reduced.
  • the bus electrode 180 includes 1010 cm 2 , including when the shape of the bus electrode 180 is in the form of a line or a lattice, and when it is an amorphous mesh. It can actually occupy an area of 4 to 10 cm 2 per unit area. When the area of the bus electrode 180 is 0.4% or less, the effect as a bus wiring may be insignificant. Moreover, visibility will fall when the area of a bus electrode is 10% or more.
  • the color change material layer 150 may be disposed on the first electrode layer 130 and may cover the bus electrode 180 and the oxide layer 182.
  • the color change material layer 150 may be disposed on side surfaces of the bus electrode 180 and the oxide layer 182. Accordingly, the contact area between the color change material layer 150 and the first electrode layer 130 may be maximized, and the reaction speed of the color change material layer 150 may be increased.
  • the oxide layer 182 may be disposed on the bus electrode 180 and may cover the bus electrode 180. Accordingly, the bus electrode 180 may not directly contact the electrolyte layer 170. In addition, the oxide layer 182 may be disposed on the bus electrode 180 and may not be in direct contact with the first electrode layer 130.
  • the oxide layer 182 may include spin-coating, dipping, drop coating, jetting, printing, chemical vapor deposition, and physical vapor deposition. ), Electroplating, and electroless plating.
  • the shape of the oxide layer may vary depending on the method of forming the oxide layer 182.
  • the oxide layer 182 may include at least one of indium tin oxide (ITO), fluorine tin oxide (FTO), a metal oxide, and an insulating material. Accordingly, even when the electrochromic device 100 is repeatedly driven, the metal of the bus electrode 180 migrates to the electrolyte layer 170 and reacts with oxygen in the electrolyte layer 170 to oxidize. Can be prevented.
  • ITO indium tin oxide
  • FTO fluorine tin oxide
  • a metal oxide insulating material
  • the oxide layer 182 may be greater than one of the density and the thickness of the first electrode layer 130. Accordingly, the oxide layer 182 may prevent the first electrode layer 130 on the side of the first substrate 110 and the second electrode layer 140 on the side of the second substrate 120 from coming into contact with each other by an external force. And may serve as a passivation.
  • the oxide layer 182 when the oxide layer 182 includes a metal oxide, the metal oxide may include, for example, nitrous oxide (Cu 2 O) or copper oxide (CuO). That is, when the bus electrode 180 includes copper (Cu), the oxide layer 182 may include Cu 2 O or CuO.
  • the oxide layer 182 may be black, the thickness may be thick, and the strength may be high.
  • the oxide layer 182 includes an insulating material
  • the insulating material may be, for example, an epoxy resin
  • the epoxy resin may be a UV curable resin.
  • the oxide layer 182 may be formed by chemical conversion coating, that is, oxidation treatment, on the electrode surface.
  • FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a method of forming a coating layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transparent electrode may be an example of the first electrode layer 130 of FIG. 3
  • the copper wiring may be an example of the bus electrode 180 of FIG. 3.
  • the copper wiring may be formed in a line, grid shape or mesh shape.
  • the surface of the copper wiring is oxidized (S410).
  • NaOH and NaClO 2 solutions can be used.
  • the concentration of each of the NaOH solution and the NaClO 2 solution is adjusted to 330 mL / L, mixed, the copper wiring is moved, and the mixed solution is sprayed at 75 at a predetermined pressure. Thereafter, a water washing solution having a temperature of 30 to 40 is sprayed and washed several times, followed by drying.
  • the surface of the copper wiring can react with NaOH and NaClO 2 on the following principle.
  • an oxide layer 182 including at least one of Cu 2 O and CuO may be formed on the surface of the copper wiring.
  • Cu 2 O is blackish brown
  • CuO is black, and these are needle-like, which has excellent mechanical strength and heat resistance, strong adhesion and thermal shock characteristics, excellent visibility, and an increase in specific surface area, which can cause electrochromic speed to increase. have.
  • the content of Cu 2 O and CuO may vary depending on the time, temperature, concentration of NaOH solution and NaClO 2 solution, etc., for oxidizing the surface of the copper wiring. In general, the longer the oxidation time of the surface of the copper wiring or the higher the temperature, the higher the CuO content, the lower the Cu 2 O content from the inside of the copper wiring to the surface of the copper wiring, the higher the content of CuO. .
  • FIG. 5 is an image taken after oxidation of the surface of a 680 nm thick copper wiring by the method described in step S410 of FIG. 4 for 0 minutes, 5 minutes, 10 minutes, and 15 minutes. Indicates.
  • the electrical resistance may be in the range of 1 to 50 mPa / sq before oxidation of the surface of the copper wiring. Specifically it may have a range of 20 to 40 mPa / sq, preferably 29 to 33 mPa / sq.
  • the electrical resistance after oxidation of the surface of the copper wiring is in the range of 14 mPa / sq to 67 mPa / sq, and specifically may be in the range of 30 mPa / sq to 42 mPa / sq. It may preferably have a range of 32 mPa / sq to 37 mPa / sq.
  • the electrical resistance on the surface of the copper wiring was increased from 31 mPa / sq to 35 mPa / sq. In this way, even if the surface of the copper wiring is oxidized, the change in the electrical resistance is within 15%, and thus it is understood that the discoloration rate is not affected.
  • the oxide layer according to an embodiment of the present invention may be formed in various modifications.
  • 6 to 10 are cross-sectional views of a part of an electrochromic device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrochromic device includes a first electrode 132, a bus electrode 180, an oxide layer 182, and a color change material layer 150.
  • a bus electrode 180 may be disposed on a portion of the first electrode layer 130, and an oxide layer 182 may be disposed on the bus electrode 180.
  • the oxide layer 182 may be disposed on the entire surface except for the surface where the first electrode layer 130 and the bus electrode 180 contact each other.
  • the color change material layer 150 may be disposed on the first electrode layer 130.
  • the color change material layer 150 may be disposed to be smaller than the thickness of the oxide layer 182 adjacent to the oxide layer 182 and the side surface of the bus electrode 180. Accordingly, a portion of the top and side surfaces of the oxide layer 182 may be exposed to the electrolyte layer 170.
  • the thickness of the color change material layer 150 may be higher than the thickness of the oxide layer 182. Accordingly, the color change material layer 150 may cover all of the oxide layer 182.
  • a bus electrode 180 is disposed on a portion of the first electrode layer 130, a color change material layer 150 is disposed on the remaining portion of the first electrode layer 130, and an oxide layer 182.
  • the silver may be disposed in an exposed area of the bus electrode 180, that is, an area in which the bus electrode 180 is exposed to the electrolyte layer 170. Accordingly, even when the oxide layer 182 includes an insulating material, a fast reaction speed may be obtained due to the contact area between the first electrode layer 130 and the bus electrode 180 and the color change material layer 150.
  • the oxide layer 182 may be disposed on both the top surface, the bottom surface, and both side surfaces of the bus electrode 180. In this case, since the oxide layer 182 is disposed between the first electrode layer 130 and the bus electrode 180, the visibility of the electrochromic device can be improved.
  • the oxide layer 182 may be disposed only on the top surface of the bus electrode 180.
  • the oxide layer 182 is formed on the top surface of the bus electrode 182. Even if it is placed only in the can obtain a sufficient passivation effect.
  • the oxide layer 182 may be disposed only on the top and bottom surfaces of the bus electrode 180. Such a structure may be applied when the heights of the bus electrodes 180 and the color change material layer 150 are the same, or the height of the bus electrodes 180 is smaller than the height of the color change material layer 150 and improvement of visibility is required. .
  • Table 1 shows the light transmittance and color change rate of the electrochromic device including the electrode layer according to the Examples and Comparative Examples.
  • Example 1 30 10 O 30 40-82 1.33 Comparative Example 1 30 10 X 40 35-81 0.88 Example 2 10 O 30 44-80 1.47 Comparative Example 2 10 10 X 30 38-83 1.27 Example 3 30 20 O 23 40-70 1.74 Comparative Example 3 30 20 X 30 41-82 1.37 Example 4 10 20 O 25 40-82 1.60 Comparative Example 4 10 20 X 45 40-82 0.89 Comparative Example 5 0 0 X 45 40-84 0.89
  • Comparative Example 5 when comparing Comparative Example 5 in which the copper wiring was not formed with Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in which the copper wiring was formed, the discoloration rate of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 in which the copper wiring was formed was similar or higher than that in Comparative Example 5. It can be seen.
  • Example 1, Comparative Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 2, Example 3, Comparative Example 3, and Example 4 and Comparative Example 4, in which the line width and the line spacing of the copper wirings are set equal to each other, are compared. It can be seen that the discoloration rate of Examples 1 to 4 subjected to oxidation treatment is significantly faster than that of Comparative Examples 1 to 4 not subjected to oxidation treatment.
  • it may further include a passivation layer disposed on the surface of the bus electrode.
  • the passivation layer may be disposed on the bus electrode to correspond to the pattern of the bus electrode. According to this, since the bus electrode is not directly exposed to the electrolyte layer, it is possible to prevent a problem that cations in the bus electrode are combined with oxygen in the electrolyte layer to be oxidized. Accordingly, the reliability of the electrochromic device can be improved.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device according to another embodiment of the present invention. The same contents as those described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3 will be omitted.
  • the passivation layer 1182 may include a photosensitive material and a polymer.
  • the photosensitive material may include a PAC (Photo Active Compound) which is deformed when reacted with light
  • the polymer may include at least one of a novolak resin and an epoxy resin.
  • the passivation layer 1182 can be formed using a photolithography process, the process of forming the passivation layer 1182 is simple.
  • the photolithography process it is possible to form the passivation layer 1182 so as to correspond to the pattern of the bus electrode 180, so that the bus electrode 180 has a fine width (W), for example 1 Although having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m, it is possible to form the passivation layer 1182 so as to correspond to the width of the bus electrode 180, and the visibility of the electrochromic device can be improved.
  • the passivation layer 1182 may be greater than one of the density and the thickness of the first electrode layer 130. Accordingly, in the passivation layer 1182, the first electrode layer 130 on the side of the first transparent substrate 110 and the second electrode layer 140 on the side of the second transparent substrate 120 are contacted with each other and shorted by an external force. It can also prevent.
  • the passivation layer 1182 may include a material that is cured by UV and heat.
  • the passivation layer 1182 may include a UV curable photosensitive material and a thermosetting polymer. Accordingly, it can serve as a passivation.
  • the passivation layer 1182 may have insulation performance.
  • the color change material layer 150 may be disposed on an area except for the bus electrode 180 and the passivation layer 1182 on the first electrode layer 130.
  • the color change material layer 150 may be disposed to contact at least a portion of the bus electrode 180, for example, a side surface of the bus electrode 180. Accordingly, the reaction speed of the color change material layer 150 may be increased.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart illustrating a method of forming a passivation layer according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the bus electrode is printed on the transparent electrode (S1200).
  • the transparent electrode is an example of the first electrode layer 130 of FIG. 11.
  • the bus electrode may be formed in a parallel shape or a mesh shape in which a plurality of lines spaced at predetermined intervals are parallel.
  • the photoresist means a resin causing chemical change when irradiated with light, and may include a photosensitive material and a polymer.
  • the photoresist may be a negative photoresist.
  • the photosensitive material may include a PAC (Photo Active Compound) that is deformed when reacted with light, and may be a UV curable material.
  • the polymer may include at least one of a thermosetting resin such as a novolak resin and an epoxy resin.
  • a passivation layer is formed using a photolithography process (S1220).
  • the photomask corresponding to the pattern of the bus electrode may be disposed on the photoresist applied in step S1210 and then exposed.
  • a passivation layer corresponding to the pattern of the bus electrode may be formed on the bus electrode, and the passivation layer may include a photoresist, that is, a photoresist and a polymer.
  • the passivation process can be made to match the line width of the fine bus electrode, so that the visibility can be improved.
  • the passivation layer according to an embodiment of the present invention can be formed in various modifications.
  • 13 to 17 are cross-sectional views of a part of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrochromic device includes a first electrode layer 130, a bus electrode 180, a passivation layer 1182 and a color change material layer 150.
  • the passivation layer 1182 may be disposed only on the top surface of the bus electrode 180.
  • the passivation layer 1182 is formed of the bus electrode 182. Even if placed only on the top surface, sufficient passivation effect can be obtained.
  • a bus electrode 180 may be disposed on a portion of the first electrode layer 130, and a passivation layer 1182 may be disposed on the bus electrode 180.
  • the passivation layer 1182 may be further disposed on the side surface of the bus electrode 180.
  • the color change material layer 150 is disposed on the first electrode layer 130, and is disposed to contact at least a portion of the passivation layer 1182, that is, the side surface, and may be disposed to be smaller than the thickness of the passivation layer 1182. . Accordingly, portions of the top and side surfaces of the passivation layer 1182 may be exposed to the electrolyte layer 170.
  • the thickness of the color change material layer 150 may be higher than the thickness of the passivation layer 1182. Accordingly, the color change material layer 150 may cover all of the passivation layer 1182.
  • the width x1 of the passivation layer 1182 disposed on the side of the bus electrode 180 may be smaller than the width x2 of the bus electrode 180.
  • the width x1 of the passivation layer 1182 disposed on the side of the bus electrode 180 is less than one times, preferably less than 0.8 times, more preferably less than the width x2 of the bus electrode 180. May be less than 0.6 times. Accordingly, since the area occupied by the passivation layer 1182 on the first electrode layer 130 can be minimized, the visibility of the electrochromic device can be improved.
  • an auxiliary electrode 180 is disposed on a portion of the first electrode layer 130, a discoloration material layer 150 is disposed on the remaining portion of the first electrode layer 130, and a passivation layer 1182. ) May be disposed in an exposed area of the auxiliary electrode 180, that is, an area in which the auxiliary electrode 180 is exposed to the electrolyte layer 170. Accordingly, a fast reaction speed may be obtained due to the contact area between the first electrode layer 130, the auxiliary electrode 180, and the color change material layer 150.
  • the passivation layer 1182 may be disposed on all of the top, bottom, and both sides of the auxiliary electrode 180. In this case, since the passivation layer 1182 is disposed between the first electrode layer 130 and the auxiliary electrode 180, the visibility of the electrochromic device can be improved.
  • the passivation layer 1182 may be disposed only on the top and bottom surfaces of the auxiliary electrode 180. Such a structure may be applied when the heights of the auxiliary electrode 180 and the color change material layer 150 are the same, or the height of the auxiliary electrode 180 is smaller than the height of the color change material layer 150, and improvement of visibility is required. .
  • it is intended to increase the durability of the bus electrode without the passivation layer.
  • FIG. 18 is a sectional view of an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 19 is a sectional view of a bus electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a bus electrode according to an embodiment of the present invention. 1 and 3, the same description will be omitted.
  • the bus electrode 1180 includes a silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy, a silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloy, a silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy, and a silver-tin-indium (Ag- Sn-In) alloys.
  • Silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloys, silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloys, silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloys and silver-tin-indium (Ag-Sn-In) alloys include silver (Ag) Therefore, a fast discoloration speed due to low resistance can be obtained.
  • chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy, silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloy, silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy and silver-tin-in (Ag-Sn-In) alloy, Cr), tin (Sn), gold (Au) and indium (In) all have a faster rate of ion migration than silver (Ag) or copper (Cu).
  • Ion migration is a phenomenon in which a metal cation moves to a dendritic form under high humidity and an electric field, and is likely to occur when the pH of water is between 7 and 9.
  • silver (Ag) has a metal and alloy form having a high ion migration rate such as chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), gold (Au), and indium (In)
  • chromium (Cr) Ion migration such as tin (Sn), gold (Au), and indium (In) occurs first, so that ion migration of silver (Ag) can be prevented.
  • the energy required for the electrochemical reaction for each metal can be shown in Table 2.
  • the larger the + value means that more energy is ionized, and the larger the-value means that it is naturally ionized.
  • the energy required for ionization is highest in silver (Ag) and relatively low in chromium (Cr), indium (In) and tin (Sn).
  • a silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy, a silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloy, a silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy, or a silver-tin-in (Ag-Sn-In) alloy may form an electrolyte layer ( 170, chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), indium (In), etc., except for silver (Ag), first reacts with the electrolyte layer 170, and chromium (Cr) reacted with the electrolyte layer 170.
  • Tin (Sn), indium (In), and the like may serve as passivation, and thus silver (Ag) may be prevented from reacting with the electrolyte layer 170.
  • the bus electrode 1180 included in the electrochromic device 100 may include a single layer.
  • the single layer may include at least one of a silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy, a silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloy, a silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy, and a silver-tin-in (Ag-Sn-In) alloy. It may include one.
  • the bus electrodes 1180 included in the electrochromic device 100 may have a plurality of layers L1, L2, L3, in a direction from the first transparent electrode 130 toward the electrolyte layer 170. L4) may be laminated.
  • L1 layers
  • L2 layers
  • L4 layers
  • the bus electrodes 1180 are stacked in a plurality of layers, it is possible to slow down the rate at which all the bus electrodes 1180 are oxidized due to the inter-layer interface.
  • At least a portion of the plurality of layers L1, L2, L3, and L4 may be a silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy, a silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloy, a silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy, and a silver- At least one of tin-indium (Ag-Sn-In) alloys may be included, and at least a portion of the plurality of layers L1, L2, L3, and L4 may include chromium oxide.
  • the layer L1 of the plurality of layers L1, L2, L3, and L4 that contacts the first transparent electrode 130 may include chromium oxide, and among the plurality of layers L1, L2, L3, and L4.
  • Layer L4 in contact with electrolyte layer 170 is a silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy, a silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloy, a silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy, and a silver-tin-indium (Ag) -Sn-In) alloy may be included.
  • Chromium oxide has better adhesion performance with the first transparent electrode 130 than silver alloy, and chromium oxide has good adhesion performance with silver alloy.
  • the adhesive strength between the first transparent electrode 130 and the bus electrode 1180 may be improved.
  • silver alloys such as silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloys, silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloys, silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloys, and silver-tin-in (Ag-Sn-In) alloys, Excellent electrical conductivity compared to chromium oxide, silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy, silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloy, silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy and silver-tin-indium (Ag-Sn- Chromium (Cr), tin (Sn), indium (In), and the like included in the In alloy may prevent migration of silver (Ag) ions.
  • the layer L4 in contact with the electrolyte layer 170 may be a silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy, a silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloy, a silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy, and a silver-tin- By including at least one of the indium (Ag-Sn-In) alloy, it is possible to obtain both fast discoloration rate and migration prevention performance of silver ions due to high electrical conductivity.
  • Ag-Cr silver-chromium
  • Ag-Sn silver-tin
  • Au silver-gold
  • silver-tin- By including at least one of the indium (Ag-Sn-In) alloy, it is possible to obtain both fast discoloration rate and migration prevention performance of silver ions due to high electrical conductivity.
  • the bus electrode 1180 since a separate passivation layer is not disposed on the bus electrode 1180 and the bus electrode 1180 may be in direct contact with the electrolyte layer 170, the silver ions of the bus electrode 1180 may be transferred to the electrolyte layer 170. Since the problem of migration may be prevented, durability of the bus electrode 1180 may be increased.
  • the plurality of layers L1, L2, L3, and L4 may include a first layer L1 disposed on the first transparent electrode 130, a second layer L2 disposed on the first layer L1,
  • the third layer L3 may be disposed on the second layer L2, and the fourth layer L4 may be disposed on the third layer L3.
  • the first layer L1 includes chromium oxide and chromium nitride
  • the second layer L2 includes chromium oxide
  • the third layer L3 includes a silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy.
  • the fourth layer L4 may include a silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy.
  • the third layer L3 may further include ruthenium Ru.
  • the third layer (L3) and the fourth layer (L4) is a silver-chromium (Ag-Cr) alloy, silver-tin (Ag-Sn) alloy, silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy and silver-tin- Including at least one of an indium (Ag-Sn-In) alloy, as well as a fast discoloration rate due to high electrical conductivity, it is possible to prevent the migration of silver ions to increase the durability of the electrochromic device.
  • the fourth layer L4 directly contacting the electrolyte layer 170 includes a silver-gold (Ag-Au) alloy, the discoloration rate may be further improved.
  • oxidation of the bus electrode can be prevented and durability can be increased without forming a passivation layer.
  • the visibility of the electrochromic device can be improved.
  • the plural layers are illustrated as four layers, but are not limited thereto, and the number of layers may be variously modified.
  • a plurality of layers all have the same thickness as an example, the present invention is not limited thereto and may have different thicknesses for each layer.
  • the layer on the electrolyte layer side containing the silver alloy may be thicker than the layer on the side of the first transparent electrode including chromium oxide.
  • the bus electrode may include a seed layer, a metal layer and a passivation layer.
  • FIG. 21 is a cross-sectional view of a bus electrode according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 22 is a view for explaining a method of forming the bus electrode of FIG. 21,
  • FIG. 23 is a cross-sectional view of a bus electrode according to another exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure. to be.
  • the first transparent substrate 110, the first transparent electrode 130, and the bus electrode 2200 are sequentially stacked. That is, the bus electrode 2200 may be embossed on one surface of the first transparent electrode 130.
  • the first color change material layer 150 disposed adjacent to the bus electrode 2200 on the first transparent electrode 130 is omitted.
  • the bus electrode 2200 is disposed only on the side of the first transparent substrate 110 and the first transparent electrode 130 as an example, but is not limited thereto.
  • the second transparent substrate 120 and the second transparent electrode are not limited thereto.
  • the bus electrode 2200 may be disposed on the side of 140, or the bus electrode 2200 may be further disposed on the side of the second transparent substrate 120 and the second transparent electrode 140.
  • the bus electrode 2200 includes a seed layer 2210, a metal layer 2220, and a passivation layer 2230.
  • the seed layer 2210 is disposed on the first transparent electrode 130
  • the metal layer 2220 is disposed on the seed layer 2210
  • the passivation layer 2230 is disposed on the metal layer 2220.
  • the side of the seed layer 2210 and the side of the passivation layer 2230 may be further disposed. Accordingly, the passivation layer 2230 may block the seed layer 2210 and the metal layer 2220 from being exposed to the electrolyte layer 170.
  • At least one of the seed layer 2210, the metal layer 2220, and the passivation layer 2230 or the brightness index L * of the entire bus electrode 2200 is 60 or less, preferably 40 to 60, more preferably. 45 to 60.
  • Brightness index (L *) is a numerical value indicating the brightness, the closer to 100 indicates a white, the closer to 0 means an index indicating black. When the brightness index L * satisfies this numerical range, the visibility of the bus electrode can be prevented from being sparkled.
  • the seed layer 2210 is a layer deposited for electroplating the metal layer 2220 and the passivation layer 2230, and may include at least one of CuO, Cu 2 O, Ni, and Cr.
  • the seed layer 2210 may be blackish brown to prevent glare and to improve visibility.
  • the thickness of the seed layer 2210 may be 10 to 300 nm, preferably 50 to 250 nm, and more preferably 100 to 200 nm.
  • the metal layer 2220 may be plated to a predetermined thickness or more, for example, several ⁇ m or more. The line resistance can be improved, and the discoloration speed can be increased.
  • the metal layer 2220 includes at least one of Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, and Cr, and may have a thickness of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, preferably 1 to 15 ⁇ m, and more preferably 5 to 10 ⁇ m.
  • the cross-sectional area of the bus electrode 2200 may be increased to lower the line resistance, and the discoloration speed may be increased.
  • the passivation layer 2230 may include at least one of Au and Ag. Accordingly, the passivation layer 2230 may prevent contact between the metal layer 2220 and the electrolyte layer 170 to prevent oxidation of the metal layer 2220. At this time, the thickness of the passivation layer 2230 may be 10 to 300nm, preferably 50 to 250nm, more preferably 100 to 200nm. If the thickness of the passivation layer 2230 is less than 10 nm, the passivation layer 230 is likely to peel off, thereby increasing the possibility that the metal layer 2220 is exposed to the electrolyte layer 170. If the thickness of the passivation layer 2230 exceeds 300nm, it may affect the visibility of the electrochromic device.
  • the first transparent electrode 130 is prepared.
  • a seed layer 2210 is formed on the substrate (b).
  • the seed layer 2210 may include CuO, Cu 2 O, or Ni / Cr, and may be deposited to a thickness of 1 to 300 nm.
  • the seed layer 2210 may be formed by various methods such as electroless plating, sputtering, or laminate.
  • the seed layer 2210 may be formed.
  • a pattern for disposing the metal layer 2220 is formed using the photoresist (c).
  • a photoresist may be coated on the seed layer 2210, a mask including a predetermined opening may be disposed on the photoresist, and then exposed. Accordingly, a pattern for disposing the metal layer 2220 may be formed.
  • the metal layer 2220 is plated in the pattern (d).
  • the metal layer 2220 may be formed by an electroplating method using at least one of Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, and Cr.
  • the metal layer 2220 may be deposited to a thickness of several ⁇ m, for example, 5 ⁇ m or more. It is possible to form ratios of 1: 1.1 to 2.
  • the seed layer 2210 that is exposed without removing the metal layer 2220 is removed by using soft etching (f).
  • the passivation layer 2230 including at least one of Au and Ag is formed on the surface of the seed layer 2210 and the metal layer 2220 (g).
  • the passivation layer 2230 may be formed by electroplating.
  • the metal layer 2220 may include two or more layers stacked.
  • the metal layer 2220 is disposed on the first metal layer 2222 including one of Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, and Cr, and the first metal layer 2222.
  • the second metal layer 2224 may include another one of Cu, Ag, Au, Ni, and Cr.
  • the metal layer 2220 may be formed to have a large thickness, and the line resistance of the bus electrode 2200 may be adjusted.
  • the structure of the bus electrode according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention is applied to only the first electrode layer 130 disposed on the first substrate 110, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • the second electrode layer 140 disposed on the second substrate 120 may have the same structure.
  • 24 is a cross-sectional view of an electrochromic device according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • an electrochromic device may include a first substrate 110 and a second substrate 120 that are disposed to face each other, and may be arranged to face each other between the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120.
  • the first color change material layer 152 and the second color change material layer 154 disposed to face each other between the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140, the first electrode layer 130, and the second electrode layer 140.
  • an electrolyte layer 170 may be further disposed between the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140.
  • first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140 are disposed. Both bus electrodes 180 and 200 may be further disposed on the electrode layer 140. When the bus electrodes 180 and 200 are disposed on both of the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140, the bus electrodes 180 disposed on the first electrode layer 130 side and the second electrode layer 140 side. , 200 may be selected and combined from a group consisting of parallel metal wiring shapes, grid shapes, and net shapes.
  • the bus electrodes 180 and 200 formed on the first electrode layer 130 and the second electrode layer 140 disposed to face each other are selected from a group consisting of parallel wiring shapes, grid shapes, and net shapes, and buses on both sides of the bus electrodes 180 and 200 are formed.
  • the electrodes 180 and 200 may have the same shape or may have different shapes.
  • bus electrode 180 on the side of the first electrode layer 130 and the bus electrode 200 on the side of the second electrode layer 140 may be disposed in the same direction or may be disposed in different directions.
  • bus electrode 180 on the side of the first electrode layer 130 and the bus electrode 200 on the side of the second electrode layer 140 have parallel wiring shapes, as shown in FIG. 25A.
  • the bus electrode 180 and the bus electrode 200 may be arranged to overlap line widths.
  • the bus electrode 180 and the bus electrode 200 may be arranged such that line widths cross each other.
  • connection leads 210 and 220 may be connected to one to four surfaces of the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120.
  • connection leads 210 and 220 may include a first electrode layer 130, a second electrode layer 140, a bus electrode 180, a bus electrode 200, and the like disposed on the first substrate 110 and the second substrate 120. It may be arranged in connection with the extension of.
  • the connection leads 210 and 220 may be connected to the bus electrode 180 and the bus electrode 200 to apply power.
  • the transmittance (T%) of the electrochromic device may be in a range of 10 to 75%, and the transmittance (T%) of the electrochromic device in which color change is completed is not more than 10%, but is not limited thereto.
  • the electrochromic device can be applied to a variety of applications, it may be applied to a display that requires discoloration of the specific portion, such as ESL (electro shelf label).
  • ESL electro shelf label
  • FIG. 26 is a plan view illustrating an example in which an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention is applied to an ESL
  • FIG. 27 is a cross-sectional view of a portion of FIG. 26.
  • the electrochromic device 100 may be divided into an electrode region A1 and a dummy electrode region A2 by the electrode spacer G.
  • the electrode region A1 may be an area displayed by letters, numbers, or pictures, and the dummy electrode area A2 may be an area displayed by a background.
  • the electrode area A1 is an area for displaying information, and may be mixed with the conversion area, the display area, and the like, and the dummy electrode area A2 may be mixed with the background area.
  • the electrode region A1 includes a plurality of divided regions A1-1, A1-2, ..., A1-n, and a plurality of divided regions A1-1, A1-2, ..., A1-n. n) are spaced apart from each other and can be driven independently. According to the decoloring and coloring combination of the plurality of divided regions A1-1, A1-2, ..., A1-n, the electrode region A1 may expose various information. To this end, the plurality of divided regions A1-1, A1-2, ..., A1-n may be disposed around the dummy electrode region A2.
  • the dummy electrode region A2 is surrounded by the plurality of division regions A1-1, A1-2, ..., A1-n, or the plurality of division regions A1-1, A1-2,... , A1-n may be surrounded by the dummy electrode region A2. Accordingly, the information displayed by the plurality of divided regions A1-1, A1-2, ..., A1-n can be clearly displayed by the background of the dummy electrode region A2.
  • each region may extend to a wiring region W that is narrower than each region, and may be connected to the pad electrode 20 through the wiring region W.
  • the pad electrode 20 may be connected to the pad electrode 20 through a wiring part. Accordingly, the plurality of divided regions A1-1, A1-2, ..., A1-n may be mixed with the plurality of electrode regions A1-1, A1-2, ..., A1-n. have.
  • the width of the wiring area W extending from each divided area may be 1/3 to 1/8 of the width of each divided area. If the width of the wiring area W is smaller than 1/8 times the width of each divided area, the bus electrodes in the wiring area may be cut off, and if the width of the wiring area W is larger than 1/3, the wiring area may be exposed when the divided area is colored. .
  • the width of the wiring region w may be 0.2 times or more, 2 times or less, 0.4 times or more, 1.5 times or less, 0.5 times or more, and 1.2 times or less of the mesh opening width of the bus electrode.
  • A1 is an electrode portion, and a wiring region connecting A1 and the pad electrode 20 may be called a wiring portion.
  • each region may be discolored independently of each other.
  • the discoloration reaction occurs only in the electrode region A1 and the discoloration reaction does not occur in the dummy electrode region A2, or the discoloration reaction of the electrode region A1 and the dummy electrode region A2 occurs independently.
  • the discoloration reaction of the plurality of divided regions A1-1, A1-2,..., A1-n constituting the electrode region A1 may be independently performed.
  • the dummy electrode region A2 may be an electrode region. Accordingly, the electrode spacer G may be formed between the plurality of electrode regions A1 and A2.
  • the line width of the electrode gap (groove, G) may be variously implemented according to the width or pitch of the mesh opening of the bus electrode.
  • the line width of the electrode spaced portion G may be 0.1 times or more of the mesh opening width of the bus electrode, and may be 150 ⁇ m or less, preferably 0.2 times or more and 120 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 0.2 times or more and 90 ⁇ m or less.
  • the line width of the electrode spacer G is less than 0.1 times the width of the mesh opening of the bus electrode, the electrode region A1 and the dummy electrode region A2 may not be electrically shorted, and the line width of the electrode spacer G is 150. If it exceeds the ⁇ ⁇ , it may be difficult to process the precise electrode region A1.
  • the line width of the electrode spaced portion (G) may vary according to the laser processing ability.
  • the pad electrode 20 may be disposed at one end of the first electrode layer 130, and the pad electrode 20 may be disposed to contact the first electrode layer 130.
  • FIG 28 illustrates an electrochromic device including an electrochromic device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the electrochromic device 1500 includes a case 1510, a circuit board 1520 disposed in the case 1510, an electrochromic device 100 connected through a circuit board 1520 and a connector 1530. It may include.
  • the electrochromic device 100 is mounted in the case 1510 together with the circuit board 1520 as shown in FIG. 28A, or electrochromic with the connector 1530 and the connector 1530 as shown in FIG. 28B. Some areas of the device 100 may be mounted in the case 1530, and the remaining areas of the electrochromic device 100 may be exposed to the outside of the case 1510.
  • the connector 1530 may be a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) or a flexible flat cable (FFC), but is not limited thereto.
  • FPCB flexible printed circuit board
  • FFC flexible flat cable
  • the electrochromic device as shown in FIG. 28 (a) may be attached to a shelf, and the electrochromic device as shown in FIG. 28 (b) may be suspended from a shelf or suspended from a ceiling.
  • a flexible electrochromic device in the electrochromic device as shown in Figure 28 (b) can realize the effect such as paper (Paper), it can cause a familiarity from consumers.
  • the electrochromic device may be applied to an electronic shelf label, and the electronic shelf label displays information such as price information, store symbols, promotional images, barcodes, product names, product images, origins, etc. at a mart. It can be used in various ways as a means. Alternatively, the present invention may be variously used as a means for displaying information such as product name and quantity in a distribution center.
  • 29 is a diagram illustrating an electron shelf label system to which an electrochromic device is applied according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the server 3100 is a place where information on goods is stored, and the server 3100 may form a communication channel with the electronic shelf label 1500 via the gateway 3200 and the transmitter 3300.
  • the server 3100, the gateway 3200, and the transmitter 3300 may be connected to a wired network such as Ethernet or a wireless network such as Wi-Fi.
  • the transmitter 3300 and the electronic shelf label 1500 may be connected to a wireless network such as Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, or RF.
  • the transmitter 3300 may receive product information from the server 3100, transmit the product information to the electronic shelf label 1500, and transmit power to the electronic shelf label 1500 according to an operation mode.
  • the electronic shelf label 1500 may include a controller, a communication module, a storage unit, and a display unit.
  • the electronic shelf label 1500 may include a battery therein.
  • the electronic shelf label 1500 may be wirelessly charged with a wireless power charging module.
  • the control unit controls the communication module to perform communication, and may display the product information received by the communication module on the display unit.
  • the power may be received to convert a signal into a DC voltage, and may supply a voltage to the wireless power charging module.
  • the storage unit stores data displayed on the display unit.
  • the communication module may receive product information from the transmitter or may receive power from the transmitter.
  • the display unit displays the product information received from the control unit.
  • the display unit may be an electrochromic device.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Nonlinear Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrochromic Elements, Electrophoresis, Or Variable Reflection Or Absorption Elements (AREA)

Abstract

Un dispositif électrochrome selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention comprend : un premier substrat; une première couche d'électrode disposée sur le premier substrat; une électrode de bus agencée sur la première couche d'électrode; une couche de matériau électrochrome agencée de manière à être adjacente à l'électrode de bus; une couche d'électrolyte disposée sur la couche de matériau électrochrome; une deuxième couche d'électrode disposée sur la couche d'électrolyte; et un deuxième substrat disposé sur la deuxième couche d'électrode, et comprend en outre une couche d'oxyde disposée sur une surface de l'électrode de bus.
PCT/KR2017/009735 2016-09-13 2017-09-06 Dispositif électrochrome WO2018052215A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201790001228.XU CN209657052U (zh) 2016-09-13 2017-09-06 电致变色器件以及包括该器件的电致变色装置

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR10-2016-0118238 2016-09-13
KR1020160118238A KR102622556B1 (ko) 2016-09-13 2016-09-13 전기변색소자
KR1020160182446A KR20180077770A (ko) 2016-12-29 2016-12-29 전기변색소자
KR10-2016-0182446 2016-12-29
KR1020170003616A KR20180082213A (ko) 2017-01-10 2017-01-10 전기변색소자
KR10-2017-0003616 2017-01-10

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2018052215A1 true WO2018052215A1 (fr) 2018-03-22

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/KR2017/009735 WO2018052215A1 (fr) 2016-09-13 2017-09-06 Dispositif électrochrome

Country Status (2)

Country Link
CN (1) CN209657052U (fr)
WO (1) WO2018052215A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210088865A1 (en) * 2019-09-24 2021-03-25 Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan, R.O.C Electrochromic device and method for fabricating the same

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005316180A (ja) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 調光装置及びその製造方法
JP2007042554A (ja) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd プラズマディスプレイパネル
KR20080051280A (ko) * 2006-12-05 2008-06-11 주식회사 엘지화학 전기변색소자용 전극 및 이를 구비한 전기변색소자
KR20140039377A (ko) * 2012-09-20 2014-04-02 동우 화인켐 주식회사 전기 변색 소자 및 그 제조방법
KR20150087012A (ko) * 2014-01-21 2015-07-29 엘지이노텍 주식회사 전기변색 디바이스

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2005316180A (ja) * 2004-04-28 2005-11-10 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 調光装置及びその製造方法
JP2007042554A (ja) * 2005-08-05 2007-02-15 Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd プラズマディスプレイパネル
KR20080051280A (ko) * 2006-12-05 2008-06-11 주식회사 엘지화학 전기변색소자용 전극 및 이를 구비한 전기변색소자
KR20140039377A (ko) * 2012-09-20 2014-04-02 동우 화인켐 주식회사 전기 변색 소자 및 그 제조방법
KR20150087012A (ko) * 2014-01-21 2015-07-29 엘지이노텍 주식회사 전기변색 디바이스

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20210088865A1 (en) * 2019-09-24 2021-03-25 Institute of Nuclear Energy Research, Atomic Energy Council, Executive Yuan, R.O.C Electrochromic device and method for fabricating the same

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