WO2018049950A1 - 一种感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法 - Google Patents

一种感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法 Download PDF

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WO2018049950A1
WO2018049950A1 PCT/CN2017/096633 CN2017096633W WO2018049950A1 WO 2018049950 A1 WO2018049950 A1 WO 2018049950A1 CN 2017096633 W CN2017096633 W CN 2017096633W WO 2018049950 A1 WO2018049950 A1 WO 2018049950A1
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fire
threshold
temperature
alarm
area
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PCT/CN2017/096633
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French (fr)
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杜新民
赵浩
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上海波汇科技股份有限公司
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/06—Electric actuation of the alarm, e.g. using a thermally-operated switch

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  • the invention relates to a fire alarm system, in particular to a threshold processing method for a temperature-sensing fire alarm system.
  • the urban infrastructure has already crossed the stage of high-speed construction, and the focus has gradually shifted to scientific operation and maintenance management.
  • the level of safety operation is increasingly valued by governments at all levels, as well as design, construction and management units.
  • Fire safety is a key issue in the operational phase.
  • Most of the large-scale infrastructures are equipped with automatic fire alarm systems, water fire protection systems, evacuation rescue systems, and emergency lighting systems.
  • the automatic fire alarm subsystem is the key to starting other fire protection facilities in the event of a fire. It is related to the integrity of the whole system, practicality, and long-term preparation status, which is related to whether fire rescue can be successfully implemented, so it is necessary to ensure the effective operation of these fire-fighting facilities.
  • the current problems of the fire alarm system are:
  • the fire alarm system should have the following characteristics:
  • the fire alarm system does not allow offline detection and evaluation
  • the fire alarm system must be alerted within 60 seconds;
  • the fire alarm system does not allow more than one/year false positive rate.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a threshold processing method for a temperature-sensing fire alarm capable of reducing a false alarm rate and a false negative rate of a fire alarm system and improving the accuracy and reliability of an alarm.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a threshold processing method for a temperature-sensing fire alarm system comprising the following steps:
  • the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature in the area to be tested, the corresponding position and the corresponding time; the temperature or the parameters derived from the above three values constitute a fire sensitive parameter S;
  • S Tmax The value of the fire-sensitive parameter that can be reached within the time limit of the minimum detectable fire in the area to be tested is recorded as S Tmax , which is defined as the upper limit of the alarm threshold; in the non-fire situation of the normal operation, the temperature in the area to be tested
  • S Tmin The sum of the statistical results of the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the sensor noise and the statistical results of the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the events occurring in the area, denoted as S Tmin , defined as the lower limit of the alarm threshold, and the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the noise of the temperature sensor
  • S Tmin 1 The lower limit of the threshold is denoted as S Tmin 1
  • S Tmin Min( ⁇ S T
  • the limited time involved in obtaining the upper limit of the alarm threshold is 0.5 min - 5 min.
  • the limited time involved in obtaining the upper limit of the alarm threshold is 1 min to 3 min.
  • the predetermined time when the S ⁇ S T occurs once is one month, one year, or ten years.
  • the maximum value of the fire-sensitive parameter caused by the non-fire event in a day obeys a normal distribution N ( ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 ), and the temperature sensor measures the maximum fire-sensitive parameter caused by the event in the area to be tested within one day.
  • the alarm threshold upper limit S Tmax is determined by conducting an actual fire test in the area to be tested, and the fire detectable in the fire test is determined by the heat release rate of the combustion product and the characteristics of the fuel.
  • the combustion product has a heat release rate of 0.25 MW to 10 MW.
  • the combustion product has a heat release rate of 0.5 MW to 1.5 MW.
  • the fire sensitivity parameter S is a temperature rise speed dT/dt.
  • a threshold processing method for a temperature-sensing fire alarm calculates a temperature rise gradient value of the temperature sensor according to a corresponding temperature value and a corresponding time, and sets an upper limit alarm in the area to be tested according to the temperature rise gradient value The value and the lower limit alarm value, and then set the fire alarm threshold according to the definition of the fire heat release rate and the tolerance to the false alarm rate.
  • the fire alarm threshold must be selected within the upper limit alarm value and the lower limit alarm value interval, and then measured according to the temperature sensor.
  • the fire alarm information can effectively reduce the false alarm rate and false negative rate of the fire alarm system, and improve the accuracy and reliability of the alarm.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of an embodiment of a method of using a temperature-sensitive fire alarm of the present invention.
  • the threshold processing method of the temperature-sensing fire alarm system of the embodiment includes the following steps:
  • a fiber grating temperature sensor is disposed in each area to be tested,
  • the fiber grating temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature in the area to be tested, the corresponding position and the corresponding time; the temperature or the parameters derived from the above three values constitute a fire sensitive parameter S;
  • S Tmax The value of the fire-sensitive parameter that can be reached within the time limit of the minimum detectable fire in the area to be tested is recorded as S Tmax , which is defined as the upper limit of the alarm threshold; in the non-fire situation of the normal operation, the temperature in the area to be tested
  • S Tmin The sum of the statistical results of the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the sensor noise and the statistical results of the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the events occurring in the area, denoted as S Tmin , defined as the lower limit of the alarm threshold, and the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the noise of the temperature sensor
  • S Tmin 1 The lower limit of the threshold is denoted as S Tmin 1
  • S Tmin Min( ⁇ S T
  • the limited time involved in obtaining the upper limit of the alarm threshold is 1 min; and when the lower limit of the alarm threshold is obtained, the predetermined time when the S ⁇ S T occurs once is one year.
  • S ⁇ c ⁇ 1 The probability of a single measurement of the temperature sensor S ⁇ c ⁇ 1 is:
  • the fire-sensitive parameter caused by the non-fire event obeys a normal distribution N ( ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 ) in one day, and the maximum sensitivity of the fire-sensing parameter caused by the temperature sensor measured in one day is measured.
  • the upper limit of the alarm threshold S Tmax is determined by performing an actual fire test on the area to be detected, and the fire that can be detected in the fire test is determined by the heat release rate of the combustion product and the characteristics of the fuel, and the heat of the combustion product in the embodiment
  • the release rate is 1.0 MW.
  • the fire sensitivity parameter S is the temperature rise speed dT/dt.
  • the fire sensitive parameter caused by the temperature sensor noise satisfies the distribution N(0, 0.1).
  • N(0, 0.1) a fire alarm temperature sensor is set every 10 meters, and the temperature is measured once every second, for a total of 100 temperatures.
  • the fire-sensitive parameter change caused by the event satisfies the distribution N(2,0.3).
  • N(2,0.3) Taking a 1km tunnel as an example, a fire alarm temperature sensor is set every 10 meters, measuring once per second, for a total of 100 sensors, which is required to occur once a year.
  • the lower limit of the actual alarm threshold is the sum of the statistical result of the fire sensitive parameter caused by the temperature sensor noise and the statistical result of the fire sensitive parameter caused by the event, that is, c 1 ⁇ 1 +(c 2 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 2 ), then: temperature
  • the fire sensitive parameter caused by sensor noise satisfies the distribution N(0,0.1), and the fire-induced parameter change caused by the event satisfies the distribution N(2,0.3).
  • the fire test conditions are:
  • the heat release rate of the minimum detectable fire specified in the specification is 1 MW
  • the internal volume size (length ⁇ width ⁇ depth) of the test fire plate is 80 cm ⁇ 80 cm ⁇ 10 cm, and the error of each dimension should not exceed 0.5 cm.
  • the height of the bottom of the test fire plate from the ground should not exceed 10 cm.
  • Other heat release rates dictate that the surface area of the fire plate should be scaled.
  • the cotton yarn of the igniter When igniting, the cotton yarn of the igniter is poured with a little gasoline, and after being ignited by the lighter, the gasoline fuel of the test fire is quickly ignited; then the cotton yarn end of the igniter is placed in a closed metal cylinder to be extinguished.
  • the test fire after ignition should be naturally extinguished, and the burning duration is about 180s.
  • the timer uses a standard stopwatch; the temperature and fire sensitivity parameters measured by the temperature sensor after the ignition of the experimental fire are recorded. Take the maximum fire sensitivity parameter dT/dt within 60 seconds after each ignition.
  • the experiment is performed several times in the same area to be tested, for example, three to five times, and the minimum S value that can be detected in the area to be detected within a limited time is recorded as S Tmax .
  • the tunnel is used as the monitoring object, but not limited thereto.
  • the fire sensitivity parameter S obtained for each measurement is a randomly varying feature quantity, subject to a normal distribution with a mathematical expectation of ⁇ and a standard deviation of ⁇ (statistical standard deviation).
  • the false positive rate is an important indicator to measure the stability of the temperature fire alarm. It is often prescribed by the tunnel operator according to the standard.
  • the lower threshold that is, under normal operating conditions (in the absence of a fire), the probability that the fire-sensitive parameter caused by a possible non-fire event in the area to be tested reaches the lower limit is less than or equal to 1 time/year. To ensure that the false positive rate indicator is not more than once a year.
  • the lower limit is determined by the statistical results of all sensitive parameters collected during the run.
  • Changes in fire-sensitive parameters caused by events in the area to be tested including all possible non-fire activities in the area to be tested, such as the engine of the vehicle driving inside the tunnel, the temperature of the vehicle itself, the running speed of the vehicle, the construction inside the tunnel, and the change of the tunnel operating parameters.
  • the alarm upper limit value S Tmax In order to effectively prevent the false alarm of the temperature fire alarm, it is necessary to set the alarm upper limit value S Tmax to prevent its ability to respond to fire failure.
  • the threshold processing method of the temperature-sensing fire alarm system of the embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the temperature sensor is configured to measure temperature, corresponding position, and corresponding in the area to be tested. Time; a parameter derived from temperature or derived from the above three values constitutes a fire sensitive parameter S;
  • S Tmax The value of the fire-sensitive parameter that can be reached within the time limit of the minimum detectable fire in the area to be tested is recorded as S Tmax , which is defined as the upper limit of the alarm threshold; in the non-fire situation of the normal operation, the temperature in the area to be tested
  • S Tmin The sum of the statistical results of the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the sensor noise and the statistical results of the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the events occurring in the area, denoted as S Tmin , defined as the lower limit of the alarm threshold, and the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the noise of the temperature sensor
  • S Tmin 1 The lower limit of the threshold is denoted as S Tmin 1
  • S Tmin Min( ⁇ S T
  • the limited time involved in obtaining the upper limit of the alarm threshold is 1 min; and when the lower limit of the alarm threshold is obtained, the predetermined time when the S ⁇ S T occurs once is one year.
  • S ⁇ c ⁇ 1 The probability of a single measurement of the temperature sensor S ⁇ c ⁇ 1 is:
  • the fire-sensitive parameter caused by the non-fire event obeys a normal distribution N ( ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 ) in one day, and the maximum sensitivity of the fire-sensing parameter caused by the temperature sensor measured in one day is measured.
  • the upper limit of the alarm threshold S Tmax is determined by performing an actual fire test on the area to be detected, and the fire that can be detected in the fire test is determined by the heat release rate of the combustion product and the characteristics of the fuel, and the heat of the combustion product in the embodiment
  • the release rate is 1.0 MW.
  • the fire sensitivity parameter S is the temperature rise speed dT/dt.
  • the fire sensitive parameter caused by the temperature sensor noise satisfies the distribution N(0, 0.1).
  • N(0, 0.1) a fire alarm temperature sensor is set every 10 meters, and the measurement is performed once per second for a total of 100 sensors.
  • the lower limit of c S Tmin 1 0.62932;
  • the fire-induced parameter change caused by the event satisfies the distribution N(2,0.5).
  • N the distribution
  • a fire alarm temperature sensor is set every 10 meters, measuring once per second, for a total of 100 sensors, requiring an annual occurrence.
  • the lower limit of the actual alarm threshold is the sum of the statistical result of the fire sensitive parameter caused by the temperature sensor noise and the statistical result of the fire sensitive parameter caused by the event, that is, c 1 ⁇ 1 +(c 2 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 2 ), then: temperature
  • the fire sensitive parameter caused by sensor noise satisfies the distribution N(0,0.1), and the fire-induced parameter change caused by the event satisfies the distribution N(2,0.5).
  • the upper limit of the alarm threshold in this embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment.
  • the threshold processing method of the temperature-sensing fire alarm system of the embodiment includes the following steps:
  • the temperature sensor is used to measure the temperature in the area to be tested, the corresponding position and the corresponding time; the temperature or the parameters derived from the above three values constitute a fire sensitive parameter S;
  • S Tmax The value of the fire-sensitive parameter that can be reached within the time limit of the minimum detectable fire in the area to be tested is recorded as S Tmax , which is defined as the upper limit of the alarm threshold; in the non-fire situation of the normal operation, the temperature in the area to be tested
  • S Tmin The sum of the statistical results of the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the sensor noise and the statistical results of the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the events occurring in the area, denoted as S Tmin , defined as the lower limit of the alarm threshold, and the fire-sensitive parameters caused by the noise of the temperature sensor
  • S Tmin 1 The lower limit of the threshold is denoted as S Tmin 1
  • S Tmin Min( ⁇ S T
  • the limited time involved in obtaining the upper limit of the alarm threshold is 1 min; and when the lower limit of the alarm threshold is obtained, the predetermined time when the S ⁇ S T occurs once is one year.
  • S ⁇ c ⁇ 1 The probability of a single measurement of the temperature sensor S ⁇ c ⁇ 1 is:
  • the fire-sensitive parameter caused by the non-fire event obeys a normal distribution N ( ⁇ 2 , ⁇ 2 ) in one day, and the maximum sensitivity of the fire-sensing parameter caused by the temperature sensor measured in one day is measured.
  • the upper limit of the alarm threshold S Tmax is determined by performing an actual fire test on the area to be detected, and the fire that can be detected in the fire test is determined by the heat release rate of the combustion product and the characteristics of the fuel, and the heat of the combustion product in the embodiment
  • the release rate is 1.0 MW.
  • the fire sensitive parameter caused by the temperature sensor noise satisfies the distribution N(0, 0.1).
  • N the distribution of the fire sensitive parameter caused by the temperature sensor noise.
  • a fire alarm temperature sensor is set every 10 meters, and the measurement is performed once per second for a total of 100 sensors.
  • the lower limit of c S Tmin 1 0.66019;
  • the fire-induced parameter change caused by the event satisfies the distribution N(2,1).
  • N(2,1) Taking a 1-kilometer tunnel as an example, a fire alarm temperature sensor is set every 10 meters, measured once per second, for a total of 100 sensors, which is required to occur once a year.
  • the lower limit of the actual alarm threshold is the sum of the statistical result of the fire sensitive parameter caused by the temperature sensor noise and the statistical result of the fire sensitive parameter caused by the event, that is, c 1 ⁇ 1 +(c 2 ⁇ 2 + ⁇ 2 ), then: temperature
  • the fire sensitive parameter caused by sensor noise satisfies the distribution N(0,0.1), and the fire-induced parameter change caused by the event satisfies the distribution N(2,1).
  • the upper limit of the alarm threshold in this embodiment is the same as that in the first embodiment.
  • the false alarm rate and the false negative rate of the temperature fire alarm are greatly reduced, the reliability is higher, and the measurement accuracy is higher.

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Abstract

一种感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，包含下列步骤：S1、在每个待测区域内设置温度传感器；S2、温度传感器用以测量待测区域中的温度、对应的位置和对应的时间；由温度或由以上三个值衍生的参数构成火灾敏感参数S；S3、待测区域内最小可探测火灾在限定时间内可到达的火灾敏感参数值，记为STmax，定义为报警阈值上限；待测区域内，在正常运行的非火灾情况下，温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果和区域内发生的事件所引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果的加和，记为STmin，定义为报警阈值下限；S4、选择报警阈值上限和报警阈值下限之间的一个值作为实际确定采用的火灾报警阈值。阈值处理方法减小误报率和漏报率，有报警及时可靠性高的优点。

Description

一种感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种火灾报警系统，尤其涉及一种感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法。
背景技术
城市基础设施已经跨越了高速建设阶段，重心逐步转向科学运营和维护管理，安全运营水平越来越为各级政府、以及设计、建设和管理单位所重视，而火灾安全是运营阶段需重点解决的关键问题。目前，大型基础设施内大多数都设置了火灾自动报警系统、水消防系统、疏散救援系统及应急照明系统。其中火灾自动报警子系统是在突发火灾时启动其他消防设施的关键。关系到全系统的完整性，实用性，和长期备战状态，关系到消防救援是否能成功实施，所以必须确保这些消防设施的有效地运转。
火灾报警系统目前存在的问题有：
(1)运行中的火灾报警系统常常出现误报，某些火灾报警系统的误报率与人们的期望相去甚远；
(2)火灾发生的初期火势一般较小，如在隧道中运行车辆内的引擎失火，报警探测器不能及时响应，将大大增加灭火和救援的困难。
欧美各发达国家就运营设施中装备的自动火灾报警系统的误报率，灵敏度等性能评估方法已经开展了大量的统计和研究工作，如：通常要求合格的火灾报警探测器能够在一辆轿车在隧道内突然失火的条件下，在60秒钟内启动火灾报警。为了检验报警系统的响应质量，不同的标准采用了不同的实验火灾热释放率,从5MW试验火热释放率到0.5MW试验火热释放率来检验线型感温火灾 报警系统的各种响应性能。针对虚警误报特性严格规定自动火灾系统的误报率应该<1/年·2公里隧道。
鉴于消防系统的特殊性，火灾报警系统应具有以下特征：
必须保证时时刻刻处于临战状态；
火灾报警系统不允许离线检测评估；
火灾报警系统必须在60秒内报警；
火灾报警系统不允许超过1次/年误报率。
为了减少火灾报警系统的误报率和漏报率，提高报警的准确性和可靠性，亟待开发出更有效的火灾报警器和相应的运行参数确定方法。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种能够减少火灾报警系统的误报率和漏报率，提高报警的准确性和可靠性的感温火灾报警器的阈值处理方法。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用以下技术方案：
一种感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，该方法包含下列步骤：
S1、在每个待测区域内设置温度传感器，
S2、所述温度传感器用以测量所述待测区域中的温度、对应的位置和对应的时间；由温度或由上述三个值衍生的参数构成火灾敏感参数S；
S3、待测区域内最小可探测火灾在限定时间内可到达的火灾敏感参数值，记为STmax，定义为报警阈值上限；所述待测区域内，在正常运行的非火灾情况下，温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果和所述区域内发生的事件所引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果的加和，记为STmin，定义为报警阈值下限，所述 温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin 1，事件引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin 2，所述报警阈值下限记为STmin＝STmin 1+STmin 2，STmin＝Min({ST|在没有火灾的情况下，该待测区域在规定时间内的S≧ST发生1次的概率小于Pmax})，
S4、选择所述报警阈值上限和报警阈值下限之间的一个值，作为实际确定采用的火灾报警阈值。
所述取得报警阈值上限时涉及的限定时间为0.5min-5min。
所述取得报警阈值上限时涉及的限定时间为1min-3min。
所述取得报警阈值下限时，S≧ST发生1次的规定时间为一月、一年或十年。
所述温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数服从正态分布N(0，σ1)，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin 1＝c1σ1，其中
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000002
m1为规定时间内的测量次数，因S服从N(0,σ1)，对给定阈值
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000003
单次测量温度传感器S≧cσ1的概率为：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000004
m1次测量S≧cσ1小于1次的概率为：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000005
作为c的函数因(2)式为单调递减，如要求
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000006
则有：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000007
取得STmin 1＝c1σ1，
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000008
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000009
所述非火灾事件引发的火灾敏感参数在一天内的最大值服从正态分布N(μ2,σ2)，所述温度传感器一天内测量所得的待测区域内事件引发的火灾敏感参 数的最大值Sd是一个随机变量，它由待测区域中一天内的活动引起，令在待测区域在1年内Sd大于cσ2+μ2只发生1次的概率为Pmax，取c的下限为c2，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin 2＝c2σ2+μ2，其中
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000010
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000011
m2为规定时间内的计算次数。
所述报警阈值上限STmax由在该待测区域内开展实际火灾试验来确定，所述火灾试验中可探测火灾由燃烧物的热释放率及燃料的特性确定。
所述燃烧物的热释放率为0.25MW-10MW。
所述燃烧物的热释放率为0.5MW-1.5MW。
所述火灾敏感参数S为温升速度dT/dt。
与现有技术相比，本发明的有益效果为：
本发明的一种感温火灾报警器的阈值处理方法，根据对应的温度值和对应的时间计算出温度传感器的温升梯度值，并且根据温升梯度值来设定待测区域内的上限报警值和下限报警值，再根据火灾热释放率定义和对误报率的容忍度来设定火灾报警阈值，此火灾报警阈值必须选择在上限报警值和下限报警值区间内，再根据温度传感器测得的随温度变化、所述待测区域的所述对应的位置和所述对应的时间计算出待测区域内的温升梯度值，将该温升梯度值与火灾报警阈值比较来获得更加准确的火灾报警信息，能够有效地减少火灾报警系统的误报率和漏报率，提高报警的准确性和可靠性。
附图说明
通过参考附图详细描述其示例实施方式，本发明的上述和其它特征及优点将变得更加明显。
图1为本发明感温火灾报警器的使用方法的实施方式的流程图。
具体实施方式
下文是举实施例配合所附附图作详细说明，但所提供的实施例并非用以限制本发明所涵盖的范围，而结构运作的描述非用以限制其执行的顺序，任何由元件重新组合的结构，所产生具有均等功效的装置，皆是本发明所涵盖的范围。此外，附图仅以说明为目的，并未依照原尺寸作图。为使便于理解，下述说明中相同元件将以相同的符号标示来说明。
在全篇说明书与权利要求书所使用的术语，除有特别注明外，通常具有每个术语使用在此领域中，在此揭露的内容中与特殊内容中的平常意义。某些用以描述本揭露的术语将于下或在此说明书的别处讨论，以提供本领域技术人员在有关本揭露的描述上额外的引导。
关于本文中所使用的“约”、“大约”或“大致”一般通常是指数值的误差或范围在百分之二十以内，较好地是在百分之十以内，而更佳地则是在百分之五以内。本文如无明确说明，其所提及的数值皆视作为近似值，例如可如“约”、“大约”或“大致”所表示的误差或范围，或其他近似值。
其次，在本文中所使用的术语“包含”、“包括”、“具有”、“含有”等等，均为开放性的术语，即意指包含但不限于。
实施例1
如图1所示，本实施例感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，该方法包含下列步骤：
S1、在每个待测区域内设置光纤光栅温度传感器，
S2、所述光纤光栅温度传感器用以测量所述待测区域中的温度、对应的位置和对应的时间；由温度或由上述三个值衍生的参数构成火灾敏感参数S；
S3、待测区域内最小可探测火灾在限定时间内可到达的火灾敏感参数值，记为STmax，定义为报警阈值上限；所述待测区域内，在正常运行的非火灾情况下，温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果和所述区域内发生的事件所引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果的加和，记为STmin，定义为报警阈值下限，所述温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin 1，事件引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin 2，所述报警阈值下限记为STmin＝STmin 1+STmin 2，STmin＝Min({ST|在没有火灾的情况下，该待测区域在规定时间内的S≧ST发生1次的概率小于Pmax})，
S4、选择所述报警阈值上限和报警阈值下限之间的一个值作为实际确定采用的火灾报警阈值。
作为优选，本实施例所述取得报警阈值上限时涉及的限定时间为1min；所述取得报警阈值下限时，S≧ST发生1次的规定时间为一年。
本实施例温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数服从正态分布N(0，σ1)，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin 1＝c1σ1，其中
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000012
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000013
m1为规定时间内的测量次数，因S服从N(0,σ1)，对给定阈值
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000014
单次测量温度传感器S≧cσ1的概率为：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000015
m1次测量S≧cσ1小于1次的概率为：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000016
作为c的函数因(2)式为单调递减，如要求
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000017
则有：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000018
取得STmin 1＝c1σ1，
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000019
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000020
本实施例非火灾事件引发的火灾敏感参数在一天内的最大值服从正态分布N(μ2,σ2)，所述温度传感器一天内测量所得的待测区域事件引发的火灾敏感参数的最大值Sd是一个随机变量，它由待测区域中一天内的活动引起，令在待测区域1年内Sd大于cσ2+μ2只发生1次的概率为Pmax，取c的下限为c2，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin 2＝c2σ2+μ2，其中
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000021
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000022
m2为规定时间内的计算次数。
本实施例报警阈值上限STmax由该待测区域开展实际火灾试验来确定，所述火灾试验中可探测火灾由燃烧物的热释放率及燃料的特性确定，本实施例所述燃烧物的热释放率为1.0MW。
本实施例中火灾敏感参数S为温升速度dT/dt。
本实施例中，温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数满足分布N(0,0.1)以1公里隧道为例，每隔10米设一个火灾报警用温度传感器，每秒测量1次，共计100个温度传感器噪，要求每年发生一次及以上火灾敏感参数S≥c1σ1概率为Pmax＝0.9。则此时c得下限
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000023
STmin 1＝0.60913，
事件引发的火灾敏感参数变化满足分布N(2,0.3)，以1公里隧道为例，每隔10米设一个火灾报警用温度传感器，每秒测量1次，共计100个传感器，要求每年发生一次及以上火灾敏感参数S≥c2σ2概率为Pmax＝0.9。则此时c得下限
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000024
STmin 2＝2+0.3*3.8345＝3.15035；
则实际报警阈值下限为温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果和事件引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果的加和，即：c1σ1+(c2σ2+μ2)，则有：温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数满足分布N(0,0.1)，事件引发的火灾敏感参数变化满足分布N(2,0.3)，以1公里隧道为例，每隔10米设一个火灾报警用温度传感器，每秒测量1次，共计100个传感器，要求每年发生一次及以上火灾敏感参数S≥c2σ2概率为Pmax＝0.9。则此时,STmin＝c1σ1+(c2σ2+μ2)＝STmin 1+STmin 2＝0.60913+3.15035＝3.75948。
火灾实验条件为：
采用20#轻柴油(加注量为1.5L±0.05L/次)，90#或93#汽油(点火试验现场气温不低于15℃时的加注量为0.1L±0.01L/次)为燃料，试验前加注燃料时，应先加注轻柴油燃料，然后再加注汽油燃料。采用试验火盘用来盛放试验火燃料，试验期间应保证燃料底部水衬深度为3cm～5cm。
如规范规定的最小可探测火灾的热释放率为1MW，则试验火盘内部容积尺寸(长×宽×深)为80cm×80cm×10cm，各尺寸误差不应超过0.5cm。试验火盘底部距地面的高度不应超过10cm。其他热释放率规定应按比例改变火盘表面积。
点火时，点火器的棉纱上浇少许汽油，用打火机点燃后迅速引燃试验火的汽油燃料；随即将点火器棉纱端置入一个封闭的金属筒内熄火。
正常情况下，点燃后的试验火应自然熄灭，燃烧持续时间约为180s。计时器使用标准秒表；记录实验火点燃后温度传感器测得的温度和火灾敏感参数。取每一次点燃火之后60秒内的最大火灾敏感参数dT/dt。实验在同一待测区域内进行数次，例如三到五次，取其中待测区域内可探测火灾在限定时间内可到达的最小S值，记为STmax。
在本实施例中，以隧道为监测对象，但不以此为限。
对于每一个温度传感器来说，每次测量所得的火灾敏感参数S是一个随机变化的特征量，服从一个数学期望为μ，标准方差为σ(统计标准差值)的正态分布。
为了防止感温火灾报警器误报，需要设定下限报警值STmin。误报率是衡量感温火灾报警器稳定性的重要指标，常常由隧道运营方根据标准做出规定
阈值下限，即在正常运行条件下(在没有火灾的情况下)，该待测区域内可能的非火灾事件引起的火灾敏感参数达到下限的概率小于等于1次/年。以保证每年不大于一次的误报率指标。下限由运行期间收集到的所有敏感参数的统计结果来确定。
待测区域内事件引起的火灾敏感参数变化：包括待测区域内所有可能发生的非火灾活动，如隧道内行驶车辆发动机，车辆自身温度，车辆运行速度，隧道内施工，隧道运行参数改变等。
为了有效地防止感温火灾报警器漏报，需要设定报警上限值STmax，以防止其对火灾丧失响应能力。最小可探测火灾热释放率越低对感温火灾报警器的灵敏度要求越高，预示着上限报警值越低。越是重要隧道所定义的最小可探测火灾的热释放率越低。
实施例2
如图1所示，本实施例感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，该方法包含下列步骤：
S1、在每个待测区域内设置温度传感器，
S2、所述温度传感器用以测量所述待测区域中的温度、对应的位置和对应 的时间；由温度或由上述三个值衍生的参数构成火灾敏感参数S；
S3、待测区域内最小可探测火灾在限定时间内可到达的火灾敏感参数值，记为STmax，定义为报警阈值上限；所述待测区域内，在正常运行的非火灾情况下，温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果和所述区域内发生的事件所引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果的加和，记为STmin，定义为报警阈值下限，所述温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin 1，事件引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin 2，所述报警阈值下限记为STmin＝STmin 1+STmin 2，STmin＝Min({ST|在没有火灾的情况下，该待测区域在规定时间内的S≧ST发生1次的概率小于Pmax})，
S4、选择所述报警阈值上限和报警阈值下限之间的一个值作为实际确定采用的火灾报警阈值。
作为优选，本实施例所述取得报警阈值上限时涉及的限定时间为1min；所述取得报警阈值下限时，S≧ST发生1次的规定时间为一年。
本实施例温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数服从正态分布N(0，σ1)，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin 1＝c1σ1，其中
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000025
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000026
m1为规定时间内的测量次数，因S服从N(0,σ1)，对给定阈值
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000027
单次测量温度传感器S≧cσ1的概率为：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000028
m1次测量S≧cσ1小于1次的概率为：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000029
作为c的函数因(2)式为单调递减，如要求
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000030
则有：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000031
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000032
取得STmin 1＝c1σ1，
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000033
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000034
本实施例非火灾事件引发的火灾敏感参数在一天内的最大值服从正态分布N(μ2,σ2)，所述温度传感器一天内测量所得的待测区域事件引发的火灾敏感参数的最大值Sd是一个随机变量，它由待测区域中一天内的活动引起，令在待测区域1年内Sd大于cσ2+μ2只发生1次的概率为Pmax，取c的下限为c2，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin 2＝c2σ2+μ2，其中
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000035
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000036
m2为规定时间内的计算次数。
本实施例报警阈值上限STmax由该待测区域开展实际火灾试验来确定，所述火灾试验中可探测火灾由燃烧物的热释放率及燃料的特性确定，本实施例所述燃烧物的热释放率为1.0MW。
本实施例中火灾敏感参数S为温升速度dT/dt。
本实施例中温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数满足分布N(0,0.1)，以1公里隧道为例，每隔10米设一个火灾报警用温度传感器，每秒测量1次，共计100个传感器，要求每年发生一次及以上火灾敏感参数S≥c1σ1概率为Pmax＝0.5。则此时c得下限
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000037
STmin 1＝0.62932；
事件引发的火灾敏感参数变化满足分布N(2,0.5)，以1公里隧道为例，每隔10米设一个火灾报警用温度传感器，每秒测量1次，共计100个传感器，要求每年发生一次及以上火灾敏感参数S≥c2σ2概率为Pmax＝0.5。则此时c得下限
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000038
STmin 2＝2+0.5*4.1212＝4.0606；
则实际报警阈值下限为温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果和事件引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果的加和，即：c1σ1+(c2σ2+μ2)，则有：温 度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数满足分布N(0,0.1)，事件引发的火灾敏感参数变化满足分布N(2,0.5)，以1公里隧道为例，每隔10米设一个火灾报警用温度传感器，每秒测量1次，共计100个传感器，要求每年发生一次及以上火灾敏感参数S≥c2σ2概率为Pmax＝0.5。则此时,STmin＝c1σ1+(c2σ2+μ2)＝STmin 1+STmin 2＝0.62932+4.0606＝4.68992。
本实施例中报警阈值上限的确定同实施例1。
实施例3
如图1所示，本实施例感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，该方法包含下列步骤：
S1、在每个待测区域内设置温度传感器，
S2、所述温度传感器用以测量所述待测区域中的温度、对应的位置和对应的时间；由温度或由上述三个值衍生的参数构成火灾敏感参数S；
S3、待测区域内最小可探测火灾在限定时间内可到达的火灾敏感参数值，记为STmax，定义为报警阈值上限；所述待测区域内，在正常运行的非火灾情况下，温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果和所述区域内发生的事件所引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果的加和，记为STmin，定义为报警阈值下限，所述温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin 1，事件引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin 2，所述报警阈值下限记为STmin＝STmin 1+STmin 2，STmin＝Min({ST|在没有火灾的情况下，该待测区域在规定时间内的S≧ST发生1次的概率小于Pmax})，
S4、选择所述报警阈值上限和报警阈值下限之间的一个值作为实际确定采用的火灾报警阈值。
作为优选，本实施例所述取得报警阈值上限时涉及的限定时间为1min；所述取得报警阈值下限时，S≧ST发生1次的规定时间为一年。
本实施例温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数服从正态分布N(0，σ1)，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin 1＝c1σ1，其中
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000039
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000040
m1为规定时间内的测量次数，因S服从N(0,σ1)，对给定阈值
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000041
单次测量温度传感器S≧cσ1的概率为：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000042
m1次测量S≧cσ1小于1次的概率为：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000043
作为c的函数因(2)式为单调递减，如要求
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000044
则有：
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000045
取得STmin 1＝c1σ1，
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000046
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000047
本实施例非火灾事件引发的火灾敏感参数在一天内的最大值服从正态分布N(μ2,σ2)，所述温度传感器一天内测量所得的待测区域事件引发的火灾敏感参数的最大值Sd是一个随机变量，它由待测区域内中一天内的活动引起，令在待测区域1年内Sd大于cσ2+μ2只发生1次的概率为Pmax，取c的下限为c2，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin 2＝c2σ2+μ2，其中
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000048
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000049
m2为规定时间内的测量次数。
本实施例报警阈值上限STmax由该待测区域开展实际火灾试验来确定，所述火灾试验中可探测火灾由燃烧物的热释放率及燃料的特性确定，本实施例所述燃烧物的热释放率为1.0MW。
本实施例中温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数满足分布N(0,0.1)，以1公 里隧道为例，每隔10米设一个火灾报警用温度传感器，每秒测量1次，共计100个传感器，要求每年发生一次及以上火灾敏感参数S≥c1σ1概率为Pmax＝0.1。则此时c得下限
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000050
STmin 1＝0.66019；
事件引发的火灾敏感参数变化满足分布N(2,1)，以1公里隧道为例，每隔10米设一个火灾报警用温度传感器，每秒测量1次，共计100个传感器，要求每年发生一次及以上火灾敏感参数S≥c2σ2概率为Pmax＝0.1。则此时c得下限
Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-000051
STmin 22+1*4.5381＝6.5381；
则实际报警阈值下限为温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果和事件引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果的加和，即：c1σ1+(c2σ2+μ2)，则有：温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数满足分布N(0,0.1)，事件引发的火灾敏感参数变化满足分布N(2,1)，以1公里隧道为例，每隔10米设一个火灾报警用温度传感器，每秒测量1次，共计100个传感器，要求每年发生一次及以上火灾敏感参数S≥c2σ2概率为Pmax＝0.1。则此时,STmin＝c1σ1+(c2σ2+μ2)＝STmin 1+STmin 2＝0.66019+6.5381＝7.19829。
本实施例中报警阈值上限的确定同实施例1。
通过报警上限值和报警下限值的设定使得感温火灾报警器误报率和漏报率大大降低，可靠性更高，测量精度更高。
用户可以根据火灾报警信息快速锁定火灾发生地，及时采取应对措施，最大限度地减小经济损失和影响。
需要说明的是，在前述实施例中所提及的步骤，除特别叙明其顺序者外，均可依实施需要调整其前后顺序，甚至可同时或部分同时执行，前述仅为一实施例，并非用以限定本发明。
虽然本发明以实施方式揭露如上，然其并非用以限定本发明，任何本领域具通常知识者，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内，当可作各种的更动与润饰，因此本发明的保护范围当视所附的权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，该方法包含下列步骤：
    S1、在每个待测区域内设置温度传感器，
    S2、所述温度传感器用以测量所述待测区域中的温度、对应的位置和对应的时间；由温度或由上述三个值衍生的参数构成火灾敏感参数S；
    S3、待测区域内最小可探测火灾在限定时间内可到达的火灾敏感参数值，记为STmax，定义为报警阈值上限；所述待测区域内，在正常运行的非火灾情况下，温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果和所述区域内发生的事件所引发的火灾敏感参数统计结果的加和，记为STmin，定义为报警阈值下限，所述温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin1，事件引发的火灾敏感参数阈值的下限记为STmin2，所述报警阈值下限记为STmin＝STmin1+STmin2，STmin＝Min({ST|在没有火灾的情况下，该待测区域在规定时间内的S≧ST发生1次的概率小于Pmax})，
    S4、选择所述报警阈值上限和报警阈值下限之间的一个值作为实际确定采用的火灾报警阈值。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，所述取得报警阈值上限时涉及的限定时间为0.5min-5min。
  3. 如权利要求1所述的感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，所述取得报警阈值上限时涉及的限定时间为1min-3min。
  4. 如权利要求1所述的感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，所述取得报警阈值下限时，S≧ST发生1次的规定时间为一月、一年或十年。
  5. 如权利要求1所述的感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，所述温度传感器噪声引发的火灾敏感参数服从正态分布N(0，σ1)，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin1＝c1σ1，其中
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100001
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100002
    m1为规定时间内的测量次数，因S服从N(0,σ1)，对给定阈值
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100003
    单次测量温度传感器S≧cσ1的概率为：
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100004
    m1次测量S≧cσ1小于1次的概率为：
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100005
    作为c的函数因(2)式为单调递减，如要求
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100006
    则有：
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100007
    取得STmin1＝c1σ1，
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100008
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100009
  6. 如权利要求1所述的感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，所述非火灾事件引发的火灾敏感参数在一天内的最大值服从正态分布N(μ2,σ2)，所述温度传感器一天内测量所得的待测区域内事件引发的火灾敏感参数的最大值Sd是一个随机变量，它由待测区域中一天内的活动引起，令在待测区域在1年内Sd大于cσ2+μ2只发生1次的概率为Pmax，取c的下限为c2，此时报警阈值下限满足：STmin2＝c2σ2+μ2，其中
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100010
    Figure PCTCN2017096633-appb-100011
    m2为规定时间内的计算次数。
  7. 如权利要求1所述的感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，所述报警阈值上限STmax由在该待测区域内开展实际火灾试验来确定，所述火灾试验中可探测火灾由燃烧物的热释放率及燃料的特性确定。
  8. 如权利要求7所述的感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，所述燃烧物的热释放率为0.25MW-10MW。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，所述燃烧物的热释放率为0.5MW-1.5MW。
  10. 如权利要求1所述的感温火灾报警系统的阈值处理方法，其特征在于，所述火灾敏感参数S为温升速度dT/dt。
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