WO2018049895A1 - Dispositif et procédé de surveillance de l'état d'une pale d'éolienne - Google Patents

Dispositif et procédé de surveillance de l'état d'une pale d'éolienne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018049895A1
WO2018049895A1 PCT/CN2017/092570 CN2017092570W WO2018049895A1 WO 2018049895 A1 WO2018049895 A1 WO 2018049895A1 CN 2017092570 W CN2017092570 W CN 2017092570W WO 2018049895 A1 WO2018049895 A1 WO 2018049895A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
blade
sensor
distance data
monitoring
tower
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PCT/CN2017/092570
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
王兴波
张国涛
郝刘峰
Original Assignee
北京金风科创风电设备有限公司
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Publication of WO2018049895A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018049895A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D17/00—Monitoring or testing of wind motors, e.g. diagnostics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/04—Automatic control; Regulation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of wind power, in particular to a monitoring device and a monitoring method for monitoring the torsional deformation state of a blade of a wind power generator to determine whether the blade has cracking or other structural abnormality resulting in excessive torsion.
  • monitoring means can be used to monitor the state of the fan blades in real time to determine whether the blade has the risk of cracking or structural abnormality, and timely take corresponding repair and other remedial measures to reduce the loss caused by blade cracking, and save blade parts. The cost of replacement.
  • a rotor blade condition monitoring system of the prior art includes at least one sensor and a controller configured to sense vibration of a rotor blade and transmit at least one monitoring signal indicative of the sensed vibration, the controller being electrically coupled to A sensor is configured to receive a monitoring signal from the sensor, and the controller can determine a state of the rotor blade based on the received monitoring signal.
  • Another wind turbine blade edge monitoring system of the prior art includes any configuration of sensors disposed within an interior cavity of a rotor blade, wherein the sensor is oriented relative to a leading or trailing edge of the blade and configured to detect physics within the blade A characteristic that indicates the occurrence of a separation between the housing members along the edge being monitored, the controller being configured to receive a signal from the sensor and initiate an automatic response to the detected separation.
  • Both blade monitoring systems and methods monitor the blade status by sensors and then The sensor data is calculated and analyzed to determine whether the blade is in a normal state.
  • the sensors need to be installed inside the blade in a special way. The structure is complicated, the assembly is difficult, the manufacturing cost is high, and the measurement accuracy and stability are poor. Once the monitoring system itself fails, it needs to be shut down. Maintenance is difficult and maintenance costs are high. In addition, it is not suitable for upgrading wind turbines that have already been put into use.
  • the monitoring device monitors the distance between the sensor and the blade through an external sensor, and determines whether the torsional deformation of the blade is too large according to the obtained actual distance data and the initial distance data, thereby obtaining whether the blade has a risk of cracking or structural abnormality. In case of timely remedial measures such as maintenance, reduce the loss caused by blade cracking, and save the cost of blade parts replacement.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method of monitoring a blade condition of a wind power generator.
  • the present invention provides a blade state monitoring device for a wind power generator, comprising:
  • a sensor disposed on the tower of the wind turbine set on which the blade is located, on the hub, on the nacelle or on the generator, for monitoring the distance between the sensor and the suction surface of the blade, and obtaining the suction surface of the blade Actual distance data between the sensors;
  • a controller connecting the sensor to receive actual distance data output by the sensor, and determining a torsion state of the blade according to initial distance data between the blade suction surface and the sensor and the actual distance data .
  • the senor is disposed on the tower by a synchronization mechanism; the synchronization mechanism is disposed on the outer surface of the tower for carrying the sensor, and drives the sensor to surround the tower in a circumferential direction Rotating, the synchronizing mechanism rotates synchronously with the nacelle when the wind turbine is yawed.
  • the synchronization mechanism comprises:
  • An annular slide rail disposed circumferentially on an outer wall of the tower;
  • a transmission component for driving the sensor to move along the annular slide under the driving of the power component.
  • the transmission member comprises an annular toothed belt and a gear; the toothed belt is disposed on an outer wall of the tower, and is arranged in parallel with the annular sliding rail; the gear is connected to the power component a power output end and meshing with the toothed belt.
  • the transmission component comprises a slider, pulley or sliding sleeve mounted on the annular slide.
  • the monitoring position of the sensor is disposed on the tower corresponding to a selected portion between a maximum chord length portion of the blade and a tip portion.
  • the monitoring position of the sensor is disposed on one or both, or both of the tip portion, the mid-leaf portion, and the maximum chord portion of the blade on the tower.
  • the senor is disposed on or on the outer rotor of the generator of the wind turbine.
  • the present invention provides a method for monitoring a blade state of a wind power generator, comprising:
  • the controller receives actual distance data output by the sensor, and determines a torsion state of the blade according to initial distance data between the blade suction surface and the sensor and the actual distance data.
  • the sensor monitors its distance from the suction side of the blade when the blade is turned to the vertical direction.
  • the receiving the actual distance data output by the sensor, and determining the twist state of the blade according to the initial distance data between the blade suction surface and the sensor and the actual distance data includes:
  • the obtaining the actual twist angle of the blade according to the initial distance data between the blade suction surface and the sensor and the actual distance data comprises:
  • An actual twist angle of the blade is obtained based on an initial distance between the leading and trailing edges of the blade and the actual distance and the actual distance.
  • the sensor is controlled to move synchronously with the blade around the tower in a circumferential direction.
  • the blade state monitoring device and method for a wind power generator monitors the distance between the sensor and the blade through an external sensor, and determines whether the torsional deformation of the blade is too large according to the obtained actual distance data and the initial distance data. Furthermore, it is concluded that there is a risk of cracking or structural abnormality of the blade, and timely remedial measures such as maintenance are taken to reduce the loss caused by blade cracking, and at the same time, the cost increase by replacing the blade component is saved; and, by monitoring the blade torsional deformation In the subsequent development of the blade design process, increase the angle of attack caused by torsional deformation, and play a guiding role. At the same time, considering the torsional deformation of the blade from the angle of the hanging blade, it can guide the aerodynamic and structural design. .
  • the senor is arranged on the tower of the wind turbine where the blade is located, on the nacelle or on the generator, and is relatively independent from the blade, and has the advantages of simple structure, easy assembly and maintenance, low manufacturing and maintenance cost, and measurement accuracy and stability. Significantly improved, not only for new wind turbines, but also for upgrading wind turbines already in use.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wind power generator set with a blade state monitoring device for a wind power generator provided by the present invention at a position corresponding to a blade tip;
  • FIG. 2 is a partially enlarged schematic view showing a blade state monitoring device and a blade of the wind power generator set shown in FIG. 1;
  • Figure 3 is a deformation diagram of a section of a conventional blade
  • Figure 4 is a running measurement diagram before and after blade torsional deformation
  • Fig. 5 is a monitoring deformation diagram before and after blade torsional deformation.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic structural view of a wind power generator set.
  • the tower state monitoring device of the wind power generator provided by the present invention is disposed on the tower at a position corresponding to the blade tip;
  • FIG. 2 is FIG. 1 .
  • a blade state monitoring device for a wind power generator provided by the present invention includes a sensor 5, a synchronization mechanism, and a controller (not shown), wherein the sensor 5 is a distance The sensor is disposed outside the tower 9 and at a certain height for monitoring the distance between the sensor 5 and the suction surface of the blade 8; the synchronization mechanism is disposed on the outer wall of the tower 9 for carrying the sensor 5 and driving the sensor 5 along The circumferential direction moves synchronously with the blade 8 around the tower 9; the controller is communicatively coupled to the sensor 5 to receive the monitoring signal of the sensor 5 and to determine the torsional state of the blade 8 based on the monitoring signal.
  • the synchronizing mechanism includes a toothed belt 7 that circumferentially surrounds the tower 9 in the circumferential direction, a slide rail 3 that also surrounds the tower 9 in the circumferential direction, a gear 6, a slide rail slider 2, a reduction box 4, and a frequency conversion Motor 1, the use of variable frequency motor can greatly improve the degree of mechanical automation and synchronization, save energy, and help reduce the size of the synchronization mechanism. Of course, other types of motors can be used depending on actual needs.
  • the rail slide 3 and the toothed belt 7 are mounted on the outer surface of the tower 9 at intervals, and the side of the reduction box 4 is connected to the slide slider 2 mounted on the slide rail 3 for position fixing.
  • the variable frequency motor 1 is mounted above the reduction gear box 4 for power driving
  • the reduction gear box 4 Below the gear unit 6 is mounted
  • the gear 6 meshes with the toothed belt 7 on the surface of the tower 9
  • the sensor 5 is mounted on the outer side of the reduction gear box 4 for distance measurement.
  • the reduction gear box 4 and the slide rail 3 can also be slidably connected by other transmission members such as a pulley or a sliding sleeve.
  • variable frequency motor 1 drives the reduction gear box 4 to rotate
  • the reduction gear box 4 drives the gear 6 to rotate on the toothed belt 7, thereby driving the reduction gear box 4 together with the sensor 5 and the variable frequency motor 1 to make a rotary motion on the slide rail 3 .
  • the sensor 5 can be yawed to the corresponding position synchronously, and the torsional deformation of the blade 8 can be monitored at all times.
  • the embodiment only has one sensor 5 for monitoring the deformation of the tip region of the blade
  • two or more sensors can also be mounted on the tower 9, and a slewing mechanism is provided for each sensor.
  • the plurality of sensors may share the same controller, or multiple sets of mutually independent monitoring devices may be installed on the tower to monitor the blade respectively.
  • Torsional deformation of the tip, the middle of the leaf, the maximum chord length, etc., and each sensor is connected to a different controller.
  • other portions of the blade can be monitored.
  • the synchronizing mechanism is not limited to the above specific form, and any slewing mechanism capable of driving the sensor 5 and the vane 8 to be yawed synchronously can be used for the purpose of the present invention.
  • the upper and lower positions of the above-mentioned slide rail 3 and the toothed belt 7 may be reversed from each other, or instead of the gear 6 and the toothed belt 7 mechanism, an annular rotary platform is mounted on the outer wall of the tower 9, and then the sensor 5 is mounted. It is rotatably mounted on a swivel platform, and so on.
  • FIG. 3 is a deformation diagram of a certain section of the conventional blade
  • FIG. 4 is an operation measurement diagram before and after the blade torsional deformation
  • FIG. 5 is a monitoring deformation diagram before and after the blade torsional deformation.
  • the starting wind speed, the rated wind speed and the cut-out wind speed are generally set.
  • the starting wind speed is 3m/s
  • the rated wind speed is 10m/s
  • the cut-out wind speed is 25m/s.
  • the pitching strategy is not adopted. After the wind speed exceeds the rated wind speed of 10m/s, the blade 8 is pitched, and after the wind speed exceeds the cut-out wind speed of 25m/s, the blade 8 stops off; the wind wheel runs in the cutting
  • the maximum value of the torsional deformation of the blade 8 itself is generally less than or equal to 2°. If the measured torsional deformation is too large, the problem is solved in the blade design stage from the perspective of aerodynamics and structure, respectively.
  • the measure adopted by the present invention for monitoring the torsional deformation of the blade is (taking a certain blade as an example): when the fan is yawed, the controller outputs a yaw signal to the variable frequency motor 1, and drives the reduction gearbox 4 through the variable frequency motor 1 on the surface of the tower 9.
  • the sensor 5 located on the reduction gearbox 4 starts measuring the horizontal distance from the surface of the blade 8, measuring the airfoil from point A of Fig. 4 to The distance from the sensor 5, when running to point B, can obtain the running curve as shown in Fig. 3, so combined with the relative position of the blade 8 at the position after the fan blade is hung, it can be judged whether the section has a large torsional deformation.
  • the right side is a section of the blade 8 that is operated after the twist angle, and the deformation of the point A and the point B with the running time of the fan, that is, the deformation position shown by the broken line in FIG. 5, is measured by the distance sensor 5, combined with The position before the position deformation is judged to have a torsional deformation of 5° at the cross-section position.
  • the design of the pneumatic torsion angle and the angle of attack data at the position it is judged that the position is stalled, and the blade cracking, the power generation curve abnormality, etc. may have occurred. phenomenon.
  • an alarm signal can be set, that is, the torsional deformation exceeds the set value (for example, the torsional deformation is set to ⁇ 3°, and the consideration of the set value is mainly the torsional deformation of the blade corresponding to different wind speeds, and the whole
  • the set value for example, the torsional deformation is set to ⁇ 3°, and the consideration of the set value is mainly the torsional deformation of the blade corresponding to different wind speeds, and the whole
  • the size of the machine component, the angle of the cabin tilt, and the pitch angle of the blade, etc. issue a warning signal, and the fan is stopped in time by manual control to check whether the entire blade 8 is damaged or cracked;
  • the distance sensor 5 is mounted on the ground to monitor the torsional deformation of the blade 8; alternatively, the distance sensor 5 is mounted on the hub to monitor the torsional deformation of the blade 8, or, on the nacelle, the distance sensor is mounted above, below and to the side 5. Monitor the torsional deformation of the blade 8; or alternatively, mount the sensor on the outer or outer stator of the direct drive generator, and the like. Since there are many ways to implement, there is no longer an example here.
  • the synchronization mechanism can be omitted.
  • the present invention also provides a method for monitoring a blade state of a wind power generator, comprising:
  • the sensor 5 is disposed outside the tower 9 and located at a monitoring position of a certain height, and the distance between the sensor 5 and the suction surface of the blade 8 is monitored;
  • S02 Receive the monitoring signal of the sensor 5, and judge the torsion state of the blade 8 according to the monitoring signal.
  • step S01 when the blade 8 is turned to the vertical direction, it is just axially aligned with the sensor 5, entering the monitoring range of the sensor 5, and the sensor 5 monitors the distance between it and the suction surface of the blade 8.
  • step S02 the monitoring signal of the sensor 5 is received, and the torsion state of the blade 8 is determined according to the monitoring signal, which can be specifically achieved by:
  • the actual torsion angle is compared with the set torsion angle, and if the actual torsion angle is greater than the set torsion angle, it is determined that the blade 8 is at risk of abnormality or cracking.
  • the distance between the suction surface of the blade 8 and the sensor 5 is monitored, and the actual distance data between the suction surface of the blade 8 and the sensor 5 is obtained; according to the initial distance data and the actual distance data between the suction surface of the blade 8 and the sensor 5, Obtaining the actual twist angle of the blade 8 can be achieved in the following manner:
  • the actual twist angle of the blade 8 is obtained from the initial and actual distances between the leading and trailing edges of the blade 8 and the sensor 5.
  • the method further includes the step S03: if the fan is yawed, the control sensor 5 moves synchronously with the blade 8 in the circumferential direction around the tower to ensure that the torsional deformation of the blade 8 can be monitored at all times.
  • the sensor in addition to installing the sensor on the tower 9, it is also possible to mount the sensor above, below or to the side of the nacelle, or to mount the sensor on the outer rotor of the direct drive generator. in case The sensor is installed on the outer rotor of the nacelle or the generator. Since the outer rotor of the nacelle and the generator itself can be rotated synchronously with the blade when the whole machine is yawed, the steps of controlling the synchronous rotation of the sensor and the blade can be omitted. .
  • the distance between the blade and the tower under the action of the wind during operation can be compensated according to the wind speed, so as to further improve the accuracy of the monitoring, and
  • the three blades of the wind turbine will sequentially circulate through the monitoring area of the sensor. Since the shape and performance parameters of the three blades should be consistent, it can be regarded as the monitoring data of the same blade. The results show that there is a risk of abnormality or cracking, which means that one or two or even three of the leaves have an abnormality or risk of cracking.
  • the monitoring device and method provided by the invention install a distance sensor on the tower, on the nacelle or on the generator, and monitor the inconsistency of the deformation of the front and rear edges of the blade at different positions by the distance sensor, and judge whether the trailing edge of the blade is cracked according to the torsional deformation of the blade or Abnormal structure, timely take appropriate remedial measures such as maintenance, greatly reduce the loss caused by blade cracking, save the cost of blade component replacement; at the same time, by monitoring the blade without cracking or structural abnormality, by measuring the leading edge of the blade and The distance of the trailing edge is used to judge the torsional deformation of the different sections of the blade, which serves as a guiding reference for the aerodynamic and structural design of the blade.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif et un procédé de surveillance de l'état d'une pale d'éolienne. Le dispositif de surveillance comprend un capteur (5) et un dispositif de commande. Le capteur (5) est disposé sur une tour (9), une cabine, un moyeu, ou un générateur de l'éolienne ayant la pale (8), et surveille la distance entre lui et une surface d'aspiration de la pale (8) afin d'obtenir des données de distance actuelles entre la surface d'aspiration de la pale (8) et le capteur (5). Le dispositif de commande est connecté au capteur (5) pour recevoir les données de distance actuelles délivrées par celui-ci, et détermine un état de torsion de la pale (8) sur la base de données de distance initiales entre la surface d'aspiration de la pale (8) et le capteur (5) et les données de distance actuelles. Le dispositif de surveillance surveille la distance entre le capteur (5) et la pale (8) au moyen du capteur externe, et détermine si une déformation en torsion de la pale est trop grande sur la base des données de distance actuelle obtenues et des données de distance initiales, de façon à déterminer si la pale (8) est à risque de fissuration ou d'anomalies structurales, de telle sorte qu'une maintenance correspondante et d'autres mesures correctives peuvent être prises à temps pour réduire la perte provoquée par le craquage de la pale (8), et de réduire les coûts provoqués par un remplacement de composant de pale.
PCT/CN2017/092570 2016-09-14 2017-07-12 Dispositif et procédé de surveillance de l'état d'une pale d'éolienne WO2018049895A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN201610826920.8A CN106286152B (zh) 2016-09-14 2016-09-14 风力发电机组的叶片状态监测装置及监测方法
CN201610826920.8 2016-09-14

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WO2018049895A1 true WO2018049895A1 (fr) 2018-03-22

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