WO2018049684A1 - 金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法 - Google Patents

金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018049684A1
WO2018049684A1 PCT/CN2016/099344 CN2016099344W WO2018049684A1 WO 2018049684 A1 WO2018049684 A1 WO 2018049684A1 CN 2016099344 W CN2016099344 W CN 2016099344W WO 2018049684 A1 WO2018049684 A1 WO 2018049684A1
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Prior art keywords
flammulina velutipes
cultivation
substrate
bottle
wheat bran
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PCT/CN2016/099344
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王亮
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王亮
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Priority to PCT/CN2016/099344 priority Critical patent/WO2018049684A1/zh
Publication of WO2018049684A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018049684A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
    • C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fungus planting substrate, in particular to a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof.
  • Soilless culture A method of cultivating plants with other things, including hydroponics, fog (gas) culture, and substrate cultivation.
  • a soilless culture method in which a plant substrate is fixed with a solid substrate (medium) and the nutrient solution and oxygen are absorbed through the substrate.
  • the commonly used inorganic substrates are vermiculite, perlite, rock wool, sand, polyurethane, etc.; organic substrates include peat, rice husk charcoal and bark. Therefore, substrate cultivation is divided into rock wool cultivation, sand culture, etc., and our agricultural field is also actively conducting research experiments on soilless substrates.
  • the matrix is the key to ensure the quality of the strain.
  • the high-quality matrix can provide a good ventilation environment and suitable water holding capacity for the strain, and has the characteristics of light weight, convenient transportation, no pests and diseases, and economic and environmental protection of raw materials.
  • the quality of the substrate directly affects the growth of planting plants and strains. This has become the focus of continuous research and testing in the field of agricultural matrix research, and the agricultural sector is directly facing the majority of farmers, so it is necessary to consider the cost. How to match a matrix suitable for Flammulina velutipes cultivation with low cost, good yield and good quality is the focus of our research.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof, and to obtain a suitable Flammulina velutipes strain by considering the cost of the matrix raw material, the matrix nutrient and the ratio of the substrate to the fungus planting.
  • the substrate is planted, and a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof are provided.
  • the technical scheme of the invention adopts wheat bran, animal manure, grass ash, wood chip, rapeseed cake and corn cob as matrix material, and the rapeseed cake is a matrix material rich in organic matter, wheat bran, animal manure, grass ash, wood chipping Corn cobs, matrix materials are easy to obtain and environmentally friendly for farmers.
  • the technical scheme of the present invention provides a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 5%-18% of wheat bran, 5%-18% of animal feces, 10%-28% of grass ash, 10% of wood chips- 17%, 15%-35% of rapeseed cake, 5%-15% of corn cob; the pH of the matrix is 5.5-8.0, the conductivity is 550-750 ⁇ s/cm, the water holding capacity is 55%-70%, air porosity It is 10% to 30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.15 to 0.7 g/cm 3 .
  • the Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 18%, animal feces 12%, plant ash 27%, wood chips 13%, rapeseed cake 22%, corn cob 6%.
  • the Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: 6% wheat bran, 13% animal feces, and vegetation 30% ash, 15% wood chips, 21% rapeseed cake, 15% corn cob.
  • the Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 10%, animal feces 18%, grass ash 23%, wood chips 13%, rapeseed cake 23%, corn cob 13%.
  • the Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw material also includes the following ratios by volume ratio: wheat bran 20%, animal feces 12%, grass ash 21%, wood chips 10%, rapeseed cake 28%, corn cob 9%.
  • any of the above-mentioned Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrates having a pH of 6.0 to 7.5, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 21% to 28%, and a total porosity of 55% to 70%, and the bulk density is 0.25 to 0.50 g/cm 3 .
  • the animal manure comprises one or more components of dry chicken manure, dry sheep manure, dry cow dung, dry pig manure, and dry horse manure, which are specifically adjusted according to the supply requirements of the raw materials in the geographical area.
  • the invention also discloses a cultivation method of Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate,
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials according to any one of the above items uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap. ;
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • the water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises mushroom stick cultivation.
  • the invention has the beneficial effects that the field of use for the substrate is mostly in the agricultural field, and the matrix material is easy to obtain, such as wheat bran, animal manure, grass ash, wood chips, corn cob, etc., which are readily available to farmers, and farmers can use their own materials.
  • the resources are used to prepare the substrate, which effectively reduces the cost of the matrix raw material; at the same time, the raw material of the substrate is agricultural environmental protection raw material, no pollution; the traditional substrate uses the matrix, and the yield of the Flammulina velutipes cultured in the substrate is superior to the traditional substrate. Improve the yield and quality of fungi.
  • the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate and a cultivation method thereof, and the matrix raw material comprises the following ratios by volume ratio: 5%-20% of wheat bran, 5%-20% of animal feces, 10%-30% of grass ash, broken Wood chips 10%-15%, rapeseed cake 15%-35%, corn cob 5%-15%; the substrate pH 5.8 ⁇ 8.0, conductivity 550 ⁇ 750 ⁇ s / cm, water holding capacity 55% ⁇ 70%
  • the air porosity is 10% to 30%, the total porosity is 50% to 85%, and the bulk density is 0.15 to 0.7 g/cm 3 .
  • the wheat bran has a diameter of 0.1 mm to 7 mm, and the rapeseed cake has a diameter of 3 mm to 8 mm.
  • the corn cob is granular and has a diameter of 3 mm to 10 mm.
  • the water has a pH of 5.0 to 7.4 and an electrical conductivity of 100 ⁇ s/cm to 150 ⁇ s/cm.
  • the animal manure comprises one or more components of dry chicken manure, dry sheep manure, dry cow dung, dry pig manure, and dry horse manure, which are specifically adjusted according to the supply requirements of the raw materials in the geographical area.
  • the cultivation method of the embodiment of the invention preparing the matrix: mixing the matrix raw materials uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap. ;
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm. .
  • the matrix has a pH of 6.0 to 8.0, an electric conductivity of 650 to 700 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64% to 67%, an air porosity of 21% to 28%, a total porosity of 55% to 70%, and a bulk density of 0.25. ⁇ 0.50g/cm 3 .
  • the substrate cultivation method comprises a mushroom rod and a trampoline planting.
  • a better matrix formulation was obtained by comparing the diameters of the stalk diameter, the length of the stalk, the diameter of the cap, and the yield of the same planting area.
  • Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wheat bran 18%, animal feces 12%, grass ash 27%, wood chips 13%, rapeseed cake 22%, corn cob 6%.
  • the substrate had a pH of 7.6, an electrical conductivity of 660 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 64%, an air porosity of 28%, a total porosity of 56%, and a bulk density of 0.3 g/cm3.
  • the animal feces contains 100% of dry chicken manure.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread and spread;
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wheat bran 6%, animal feces 13%, grass ash 30%, wood chips 15%, rapeseed cake 21%, corn cob 15%.
  • the substrate had a pH of 7.9, a conductivity of 640 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 23%, a total porosity of 60%, and a bulk density of 0.35 g/cm3.
  • the animal feces contains 100% of dry chicken manure.
  • Formulating the substrate mixing the matrix materials uniformly, adding water and mixing well, holding water amount of 64% to 70%, and then sterilizing and sterilizing in a jar or a plastic bag;
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wheat bran 10%, animal feces 18%, grass ash 23%, wood chips 13%, rapeseed cake 23%, corn cob 13%.
  • the substrate has a pH of 7.9, a conductivity of 670 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 65%, an air porosity of 26%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
  • the animal feces contains 30% dry chicken manure, 30% dry cow dung, and 40% dry pig manure.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate raw materials also include the following ratios: wheat bran 14%, animal feces 16%, grass ash 21%, wood chips 10%, rapeseed cake 27%, corn cob 12%.
  • the substrate had a pH of 8.0, a conductivity of 660 ⁇ s/cm, a water holding capacity of 66%, an air porosity of 25%, a total porosity of 57%, and a bulk density of 0.4 g/cm3.
  • the animal feces contains 30% dry chicken manure, 30% dry cow dung, and 40% dry pig manure.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Matrix Conventional wood chip medium contains 70% wood chips, 27% rice bran or wheat bran, 1% sucrose, 15% gypsum powder, and 1% calcium carbonate.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the bacteria stage, and find that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • Matrix Conventional cottonseed hull medium contains 75% cottonseed husk, 22% rice bran or wheat husk, 1% sucrose, 1% calcium superphosphate, and 1% gypsum powder.
  • the matrix material is uniformly blended, mixed with water, and the water holding capacity is 64% to 70%, and then sterilized in a jar or a plastic bag.
  • strains purchase conventional Flammulina velutipes strains. When the temperature of the material drops to 22 °C-27 °C, the strains are connected to the medium in the bottle or plastic bag, and each bottle can be connected to 60-70 bottles (bags). ).
  • the bottle or bag After inoculation, the bottle or bag is moved into the culture chamber, and the temperature is controlled at 22 °C ⁇ 25 °C. After the mycelial growth spreads, the fermentation heat is generated due to the respiration of the hyphae, which is 3 °C ⁇ 4 °C higher than the room temperature.
  • the room temperature can be 3 ° C ⁇ 4 ° C lower than the appropriate temperature for mycelial growth; 2 to 3 days after inoculation, the hyphae will start to germinate, and after 10 days, it can spread to the inside of the material.
  • the mycelium can Overgrown with whole bottles; due to the accumulation of bacteria in the cultivation process of Flammulina velutipes, it is necessary to carefully check the stage of the germination. It is found that the infection of the bacteria should be treated or removed in time to prevent the spread of spread.
  • the fungus should be immediately sprayed (that is, the old bacteria on the surface should be scraped off) to promote the formation of the primordium and fruiting bodies; at this time, it is necessary to strengthen the ventilation and maintain a certain amount of scattered light for the bud. to cultivate.
  • the temperature is controlled between 8 °C and 14 °C, the relative humidity of the air is maintained at 90% to 95%, and the ventilation is changed slowly; the 15 cm high kraft paper bag is used at the mouth of the bottle or the mouth of the bag. The black cloth covers the doors and windows of the cultivation room, and promotes the growth of the stipe to obtain the mushroom of the small cap.
  • Harvesting period The harvesting of the general stipe is as long as 13 to 20 cm, and the diameter of the cap is 2 to 3 cm.
  • test data of the growth index of Flammulina velutipes collected according to the above specific examples are as follows:
  • the diameter of the stalk and the length of the stalk of Example 1-4 can be seen from the table.
  • the diameter of the cap is better than that of the examples 5-6, and the yield of the same planting area of the examples 1-4 is also higher than that of the examples 5-6.
  • the strain data cultivated by the matrix formulated by the technical scheme of the present invention can be seen. It is superior to the conventional Flammulina velutipes cultivation substrate.
  • the matrix material in the technical scheme of the invention is easy to obtain for farmers, the ratioing method is simple, easy to operate, and the yield and quality of the Flammulina velutipes species are improved.
  • the invention discloses a substrate cultivation method, which is simple in operation and convenient for popularization.

Abstract

一种金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法，选用麦麸、动物粪便、草木灰、碎木屑、菜籽饼和玉米芯作为基质原料，菜籽饼为有机质含量丰富的基质原料；缩短了菌种种植生产周期，栽培质量也优于传统的基质，有效的提高菌种植的产量和质量，栽培方法操作简便。

Description

金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种菌类种植基质，特别涉及一种金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法。
背景技术
无土栽培(soilless culture)不用土壤，用其它东西培养植物的方法，包括水培、雾(气)培、基质栽培。用固体基质(介质)固定植物根系，并通过基质吸收营养液和氧的一种无土栽培方式。基质种类很多，常用的无机基质有蛭石、珍珠岩、岩棉、沙、聚氨酯等；有机基质有泥炭、稻壳炭、树皮等。因此基质栽培又分为岩棉栽培、沙培等，对此我们农业领域也在积极的着手无土基质的研究试验。
在农业菌种种植行业，基质是保证菌种质量的关键，优质的基质能为菌种提供良好的通气环境、合适的持水量，并具有轻质、方便运输、无病虫害、原料经济环保等品质，同时基质的好坏直接影响种植的植物、菌种的生长情况，这成为我们现今农业基质研究领域不断研究试验的重点领域，而农业领域直接面对是的广大农民，因此需要考虑成本问题，如何配比出一种适合金针菇菌种种植且价格成本低廉、产量、品质优良的基质为我们研究的重点。
发明内容
本发明目的是针对以上问题，提供一种金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法，通过对基质原料成本的考虑、基质养分及基质对菌类种植的配比试验、研究，进而获得一种适合金针菇菌种种植的基质，且提供一种金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法。
本发明的技术方案为选用麦麸，动物粪便，草木灰，碎木屑，菜籽饼，玉米芯作为基质配方原料，菜籽饼为有机质含量丰富的基质原料，麦麸，动物粪便，草木灰，碎木屑，玉米芯，基质原料对于农民来说易于获得而且环保。
本发明的技术方案是通过以下方式实现的：
本发明技术方案提供一种金针菇栽培基质，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸5％-18％，动物粪便5％-18％，草木灰10％-28％，碎木屑10％-17％，菜籽饼15％-35％，玉米芯5％-15％；所述基质酸碱度为5.5～8.0，电导率为550～750μs/cm，持水量为55％～70％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～85％，容重为0.15～0.7g/cm3。
所述金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸18％，动物粪便12％，草木灰27％，碎木屑13％，菜籽饼22％，玉米芯6％。
所述金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸6％，动物粪便13％，草木 灰30％，碎木屑15％，菜籽饼21％，玉米芯15％。
所述金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸10％，动物粪便18％，草木灰23％，碎木屑13％，菜籽饼23％，玉米芯13％。
所述金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸20％，动物粪便12％，草木灰21％，碎木屑10％，菜籽饼28％，玉米芯9％。
上述的任意一种金针菇栽培基质，所述基质酸碱度为6.0～7.5，电导率为650～700μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为21％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。
上述的任意一种金针菇栽培基质，麦麸直径为0.1mm-7mm，菜籽饼直径为3mm-8mm，所述玉米芯为颗粒状且直径为3mm-10mm。
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪、干羊粪、干牛粪、干猪粪、干马粪中的一种或者多种组成，具体根据所属地域范围原料供应需求而调整。
本发明还公开了一种金针菇栽培基质栽培方法，
配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒；
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延；
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。；
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。
所述用水的酸碱度为5.0-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。
所述基质培育方式包含菌棒种植。
本发明的有益效果为：针对本基质使用领域多为农业领域，基质原料易于获取，如麦麸，动物粪便，草木灰，碎木屑，玉米芯等皆为农民易于获得的原料，农民可以利用自有资源进行配制基质，有效的降低基质原料的成本问题；同时本基质原料为农家环保原料，无污染；传统基质用的是基质，而本基质中栽培的金针菇菌种的产量也优于传统的基质，对菌类在产量和质量得到改进。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法，操作简单，便于推广。
具体实施方式
除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有术语具有以下定义。除非另外声明外，本文中所用的所有百分数均基于体积。除非另外声明外，术语“包含”、“具有”、“包括”和“含有”具有开放式含义，即，“包含但不限于”。
本发明进一步参考以下实施例描述。以下实施例仅是为了说明本发明，而非意图限制。
本发明实施例提供一种金针菇栽培基质及其栽培方法，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸5％-20％，动物粪便5％-20％，草木灰10％-30％，碎木屑10％-15％，菜籽饼15％-35％，玉米芯5％-15％；所述基质酸碱度为5.8～8.0，电导率为550～750μs/cm，持水量为55％～70％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～85％，容重为0.15～0.7g/cm3。
所述麦麸直径为0.1mm-7mm，菜籽饼直径为3mm-8mm，所述玉米芯为颗粒状且直径为3mm-10mm。
所述用水的酸碱度为5.0-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪、干羊粪、干牛粪、干猪粪、干马粪中的一种或者多种组成，具体根据所属地域范围原料供应需求而调整。
本发明实施例栽培方法：配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延；
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。；
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。。
所述基质酸碱度为6.0～8.0，电导率为650～700μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为21％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。所述基质培育方式包含菌棒、畦床种植。
通过对比各种基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、同等种植面积产量等参数对比，获取一种较佳的基质配比配方。
实施例1
配制基质：金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸18％，动物粪便12％，草木灰27％，碎木屑13％，菜籽饼22％，玉米芯6％。所述基质酸碱度为7.6，电导率为660μs/cm，持水量为64％，空气孔隙度为28％，总孔隙度为56％，容重为0.3g/cm3。
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪100％。
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延；
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。
实施例2
配制基质：金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸6％，动物粪便13％，草木灰30％，碎木屑15％，菜籽饼21％，玉米芯15％。所述基质酸碱度为7.9，电导率为640μs/cm，持水量为66％，空气孔隙度为23％，总孔隙度为60％，容重为0.35g/cm3。
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪100％。
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒；
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。
实施例3
配制基质：金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸10％，动物粪便18％，草木灰23％，碎木屑13％，菜籽饼23％，玉米芯13％。所述基质酸碱度为7.9，电导率为670μs/cm，持水量为65％，空气孔隙度为26％，总孔隙度为57％，容重为0.4g/cm3。
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪30％，干牛粪30％，干猪粪40％。
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。
实施例4
配制基质：金针菇栽培基质原料按体积比还包括以下比例：麦麸14％，动物粪便16％，草木灰21％，碎木屑10％，菜籽饼27％，玉米芯12％。所述基质酸碱度为8.0，电导率为660μs/cm，持水量为66％，空气孔隙度为25％，总孔隙度为57％，容重为0.4g/cm3。
所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪30％，干牛粪30％，干猪粪40％。
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。
实施例5
基质：常规木屑培养基包含木屑70％，米糠或麦皮27％，蔗糖1％，石膏粉15％，碳酸钙1％。
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。
实施例6
基质：常规棉籽壳培养基包含棉籽壳75％，米糠或麦皮22％，蔗糖1％，过磷酸钙1％，石膏粉1％。
配制基质：将所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒。
菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)。
生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查， 发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延。
出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养。子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇。
采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。
根据上述具体实施例采集的金针菇生长指标试验数据如下表：
Figure PCTCN2016099344-appb-000001
根据上述试验数据中不同基质培育的菌种的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径、同等种植面积产量对比，从表中可以看出，实施例1-4的菌柄直径、菌柄长度、菌盖直径都优于实施例5-6，实施例1-4同等种植面积产量也高于实施例5-6，由以上参数可以看出本发明技术方案调配的基质所培育的菌种数据优于现在常规的金针菇栽培基质。本发明技术方案中的基质原料对于农民来说获取容易，配比方法简单，易于操作，对金针菇菌种在产量和质量得到改进。同时本发明公开了一种基质栽培方法，操作简单，便于推广。
最后应说明的是，以上实施例仅用以说明而非限制本发明的技术方案，尽管参照上述实施例对本发明进行了详细说明，本领域技术人员应当理解，依然可以对本发明进行修改或者等同替换，而不脱离本发明的精神和范围的任何修改或局部替换，其均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围中。

Claims (10)

  1. 金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸5％-18％，动物粪便5％-18％，草木灰10％-28％，碎木屑10％-17％，菜籽饼15％-35％，玉米芯5％-15％；所述基质酸碱度为5.5～8.0，电导率为550～750μs/cm，持水量为55％～70％，空气孔隙度为10％～30％，总孔隙度为50％～85％，容重为0.15～0.7g/cm3。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸18％，动物粪便12％，草木灰27％，碎木屑13％，菜籽饼22％，玉米芯6％。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸6％，动物粪便13％，草木灰30％，碎木屑15％，菜籽饼21％，玉米芯15％。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸10％，动物粪便18％，草木灰23％，碎木屑13％，菜籽饼23％，玉米芯13％。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质原料按体积比包括以下比例：麦麸14％，动物粪便16％，草木灰21％，碎木屑10％，菜籽饼27％，玉米芯12％。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述基质酸碱度为6.0～8.0，电导率为650～730μs/cm，持水量为64％～67％，空气孔隙度为21％～28％，总孔隙度为55％～70％，容重为0.25～0.50g/cm3。
  7. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述麦麸直径为0.1mm-7mm，菜籽饼直径为3mm-8mm,所述玉米芯为颗粒状且直径为3mm-10mm。
  8. 根据权利要求1-5任意一项所述的金针菇栽培基质，其特征在于，所述动物粪便包含干鸡粪、干羊粪、干牛粪、干猪粪、干马粪中的一种或者多种组成。
  9. 金针菇栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，
    配制基质：将以上任意一项所述的基质原料调合均匀，加水拌匀，持水量为64％～70％，然后装入广口瓶或塑料袋内灭菌消毒；
    菌种选择和播种：购买常规金针菇菌种，料温降到22℃-27℃时，将菌种接入瓶子或塑料袋内的培养基中，每瓶菌种可接60～70瓶(袋)；
    生长期管理：接种后将瓶或袋移进培养室，温度控制在22℃～25℃，菌丝生长蔓延后，由于菌丝的呼吸作用会产生发酵热，比室温高3℃～4℃所以室温比菌丝生长的适温可低3℃～4℃；接种后2～3天，菌丝就开始萌发，10天后就能向料内纵深蔓延生长，经25-35天，菌丝就能长满全瓶；由于金针菇栽培过程容易发生杂菌，在发菌阶段要认真检查，发现杂菌感染应及时处理或捡出，防止扩散蔓延；
    出菇后的管理：菌丝长满后，要立即进行搔菌(即将表面的老菌种刮掉)，以促进原基和子 实体形成；这时要加强通风和保持一定的散射光进行催蕾培养；子实体长出后，温度控制在8℃～14℃之间，空气相对湿度保持90％～95％，并进行缓慢的通风换；在瓶口或袋口套上15厘米高的牛皮纸袋或用黑布遮住栽培房的门窗，促进菌柄生长，以获得小菌盖长菌柄的金针菇；
    采收期：采收一般菌柄长至13～20厘米，菌盖直径2～3厘米时就可采收。
  10. 根据权利要求8所述的金针菇栽培基质栽培方法，其特征在于，所述用水的酸碱度为5.0-7.4，电导率为100μs/cm-150μs/cm。
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CN101366346A (zh) * 2008-07-31 2009-02-18 芜湖野树林生物科技有限公司 一种纯白金针菇的培育方法
CN101759458A (zh) * 2008-11-19 2010-06-30 赵春 一种金针菇混合料生料栽培法
CN105294351A (zh) * 2015-11-26 2016-02-03 南宁市金沙壮畜牧养殖有限责任公司 一种食用菌的床栽栽培方法
CN105379560A (zh) * 2015-11-26 2016-03-09 南宁市金沙壮畜牧养殖有限责任公司 一种食用菌栽培方法
CN105917964A (zh) * 2016-05-20 2016-09-07 安徽省天瑞园生态农业科技有限公司 一种金针菇的培育方法

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN101366346A (zh) * 2008-07-31 2009-02-18 芜湖野树林生物科技有限公司 一种纯白金针菇的培育方法
CN101759458A (zh) * 2008-11-19 2010-06-30 赵春 一种金针菇混合料生料栽培法
CN105294351A (zh) * 2015-11-26 2016-02-03 南宁市金沙壮畜牧养殖有限责任公司 一种食用菌的床栽栽培方法
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