WO2018045867A1 - 一种用于净化空气的复合材料及其制备方法和应用 - Google Patents

一种用于净化空气的复合材料及其制备方法和应用 Download PDF

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WO2018045867A1
WO2018045867A1 PCT/CN2017/098148 CN2017098148W WO2018045867A1 WO 2018045867 A1 WO2018045867 A1 WO 2018045867A1 CN 2017098148 W CN2017098148 W CN 2017098148W WO 2018045867 A1 WO2018045867 A1 WO 2018045867A1
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air
composite material
mixture
optionally
unit
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PCT/CN2017/098148
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English (en)
French (fr)
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叶扬
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上海科力玛数据科技有限公司
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Priority to US16/331,532 priority Critical patent/US10780379B2/en
Publication of WO2018045867A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018045867A1/zh

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Definitions

  • This application relates generally, but not exclusively, to the field of air purification.
  • Contaminants such as SO 2 in the atmosphere will cause damage to the human body beyond a certain limit. Such problems are getting more and more attention.
  • precision instruments, electronic equipment or factory process conditions have very strict restrictions on the concentration of various types of gaseous pollutants, and even exceed the requirements of general civil air cleanliness.
  • adsorption methods and chemical reaction methods are usually employed.
  • the materials used in the adsorption method are mainly activated carbon, activated alumina, silica gel, molecular sieve and the like.
  • the adsorption method is mainly composed of activated carbon and alumina products, and also has activated carbon or alumina materials impregnated with chemicals;
  • a chemical reaction method in which a chemical reaction method for industrial use is a device applied to a chemical plant, a power plant or the like as represented by a spray tower.
  • the industrial method has a large device, and the amount of air that can be handled is large. With the auxiliary equipment and equipment, the purification efficiency can be maintained >90% for a long time, but the method has high cost, high energy consumption, large floor space, and needs. Special person maintenance and use. Under the conditions of high air volume application, the cost of using these methods is too high; for civilian and high-tech places (such as electronic factories, data centers, etc.), there is no practical use;
  • ⁇ t the purification rate of chemical purification materials for atmospheric pollutants during the period of t;
  • C t Contaminant concentration after the air passes through the purification material in the time period
  • the time unit may be hours, days, months, and the like.
  • the comparison time of different purification materials should be the same.
  • the present application provides a composite material for purifying air.
  • the composite material for purifying air provided by the present application can exhibit the advantage that the filtration efficiency does not significantly decrease when used for a long time, and the treatment efficiency is high and the energy consumption is low, so that the production cost can be remarkably reduced.
  • composite material for purifying air which composite material may include:
  • porous foam material which is an open-cell polyurethane foamed web
  • the open-cell polyurethane foamed web used in the present application may be a commercially available product.
  • the porous foam material may have a number of pores of 30 mesh to 60 mesh, optionally having a number of pores of 40 mesh to 50 mesh, and further optionally have a number of pores of about 45 mesh.
  • the porous foam material may generally have a thickness of 4 to 8 mm.
  • the composite of the present application can take the form of a sheet of a carrier porous foam.
  • the binder may be selected from the group consisting of epoxy adhesives, butadiene acrylic copolymer adhesives, polyvinyl acetate adhesives, acrylic adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, and One or more of polyacrylate adhesives.
  • the binder is a butadiene acrylic acid copolymer binder. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the binder can be reasonably selected depending on the particular type of treatment agent and the desired technical effect.
  • the binders used in the present application may be commercially available products.
  • the adsorptive material may be from 60 mesh to 300 mesh.
  • the diatomaceous earth has a specification of at least about 100-200 grams per 100 grams of diatomaceous earth, and optionally the diatomaceous earth has a water absorption of about 170 per 100 grams of diatomaceous earth. Gram.
  • the mixture may be sprayed in an amount of from 200 g/m2 to 250 g/m2, optionally about 225 g, per square meter of the outer surface of the porous foam. / square meter.
  • the lye may be an aqueous solution having a concentration of alkali of 5 wt% to 50 wt%, alternatively an aqueous solution of 30 wt% to 50 wt%;
  • the base may be selected from one or more of sodium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and sodium carbonate.
  • the weight ratio of the adsorbent material, the treating agent and the binder in the mixture may be 1:5-7:1.3-1.7, alternatively 1: 6:1.5.
  • the adsorbent material can be effectively adhered to the porous foam material without causing the adsorbent material to be lost with the wind during the filtration process, and at the same time, under a large treatment air volume, for example.
  • the filtration resistance of the assembly consisting of 2 to 4 sheets of the composite material stack is less than 65 Pa.
  • the mixture may also include a suspending agent.
  • the suspending agent may be 2% by weight to 5% by weight of carboxymethyl fiber.
  • An aqueous solution of vitamins may be 2% by weight to 5% by weight of carboxymethyl fiber.
  • the suspending agent may be from 5 wt% to 10 wt% of the total weight of the mixture.
  • the composite material may further comprise a humectant sprayed onto the interior and/or surface of the porous foam material from which the mixture has been sprayed.
  • the humectant may be glycerin.
  • the humectant may be used in an amount of from 3 to 5% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture.
  • the present application also provides a method of preparing a composite material for purifying air as described above, the method comprising:
  • the mixture or a mixture containing a suspending agent is sprayed onto the porous foam to produce a composite.
  • the method further comprises uniformly spraying the humectant to the composite.
  • the spraying can be carried out by methods known in the art, such as by uniform spraying with high pressure air.
  • the present application provides a composite for purifying air prepared according to the method described above.
  • the monolithic composite has a resistance of not more than 15 Pa at an air volume of not less than 1500 m 3 /h ⁇ m 2 .
  • the resistance by the assembly consisting of two, three or four sheets of the composite material stack is not more than 65 Pa, and the outlet The concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air is less than 10 ppb.
  • the resistance is detected when the air intake amount is not less than 1500 m 3 /h ⁇ m 2 , and the resistance obtained by measuring the air pressure before passing through the assembly and the air pressure passing through the assembly is not more than 65 Pa.
  • the present application provides a method of purifying air, the method comprising:
  • Air with controlled relative humidity is passed through the composite as described above.
  • the method may further comprise primary filtration of the air to be purified to filter out particulate matter having a particle size greater than 5 [mu]m in the air, thereby facilitating a reduction in the risk of particulate matter in the air clogging the composite.
  • the method may further comprise performing intermediate filtration on the air passing through the composite material to filter out particles having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m in the air, thereby avoiding the composite due to a large amount of wind.
  • the loss of the adsorbent material in the material is lost in the treated air, affecting the air quality after treatment.
  • the treatment agent of the composite material may be a base, and the method is for treating an acid gas in the air, optionally an acid gas having a sulfur dioxide content of not more than 1000 ppb, and not less than Under the air volume of 1500m 3 /h ⁇ m 2 and in the case of air relative humidity of 50% to 90%, the sulfur dioxide content in the air passing through the composite material is less than 10ppb; after a period of use, through the air of the composite material When the sulfur dioxide content is greater than 10 ppb, the composite material used needs to be replaced.
  • the ppb is a unit by weight.
  • the relative humidity can be controlled by a humidity sensor on the air inlet side and a humidity controller connected to the humidity sensor, and a humidification device connected to the humidity controller.
  • the present application provides an apparatus for purifying air, the apparatus may include:
  • the casing being provided with an air inlet at one end of the casing and an air outlet at the other end of the casing;
  • a humidifying unit disposed inside the sealed casing, the humidifying unit being located downstream of the air inlet, and including a humidity sensor and a humidity controller connected to the humidity sensor, and connected to the humidity controller Humidification unit, the humidification unit is arranged to control the relative humidity of the air at 50% to 90%, alternatively 50% to 75%, and optionally 75%;
  • a chemical processing unit disposed inside the sealed housing, the chemical processing unit being located downstream of the humidifying unit, and comprising a composite material as described above, the chemical processing unit being configured to process a controlled relative humidity Air to remove acid gases from the air;
  • a fan disposed inside the sealed casing, the fan being located downstream of the chemical processing unit, and being disposed such that air can pass through the device for purifying air at a certain wind speed;
  • An optional primary filter unit if present, disposed within the sealed housing, and the primary filter unit is located downstream of the air inlet and upstream of the humidification unit and is configured to filter Particles having a particle size greater than 5 ⁇ m in the air entering from the air inlet;
  • An optional intermediate effect filtration unit if present, disposed within the sealed housing, the intermediate effect filtration unit being located downstream of the chemical processing unit and upstream of the fan and configured to filter air Particulates having a particle size of from 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m.
  • the composite material in the chemical treatment unit may be shaped into any suitable shape, for example, may be formed into a hollow cylinder, wherein one end of the hollow cylinder is sealed and the other end is open As the air outlet side, air is passed from the side wall of the hollow cylinder and enters the hollow portion of the hollow cylinder, and then flows out from the air outlet side.
  • the hollow cylinder may be connected to the intermediate effect filtration unit through its outlet side.
  • the chemical processing unit is composed of a number of hollow cylinders formed of the above composite materials, for example, 1 to 10, 1 to 20, and the like.
  • the hollow cylinder may be formed from a stack of two to four sheets of composite material.
  • the device is as shown in FIG.
  • the device is as shown in FIG.
  • the apparatus may further include a detector disposed at the air inlet and the air outlet to detect a concentration of the pollutant from the air entering the air inlet or to detect a concentration of the air from the air outlet.
  • a detector disposed at the air inlet and the air outlet to detect a concentration of the pollutant from the air entering the air inlet or to detect a concentration of the air from the air outlet.
  • the humidifying device may be one or more of a high pressure atomizer, an electrode humidifying device, an ultrasonic humidifier, and a wet film.
  • the moisture content in the air on the intake side is detected by the humidity sensor, and when the humidity content in the air on the intake side is less than 50%, the humidity controller connected to the humidity sensor turns on the humidification The device turns off the humidifying device when the humidity of the air on the inlet side is within this range.
  • the humidity controller connected to the humidity sensor turns on the humidification
  • the device turns off the humidifying device when the humidity of the air on the inlet side is within this range.
  • the humidifying device is disposed at a certain safe distance from the composite material, and the safety distance can be reasonably selected according to actual conditions such as the size of the device.
  • the humidifying device is disposed on the air inlet side, and the humidifying device is evenly distributed around the air inlet side of the composite material to enable the humidifying device to uniformly spray the wind side air.
  • the number of the humidifying devices can be selected according to actual needs, as long as the humidifying device can uniformly spray the air on the wind side.
  • the primary filtration unit may be a filter having a number of pores of 100 mesh.
  • the medium efficiency filtration unit may be a filter having a number of pores between 300 mesh and 500 mesh.
  • the inventors of the present application found during the experiment that by controlling the relative humidity of the air within the range of 50% to 90% before the air passes through the composite material, the treatment efficiency of the composite material can be effectively maintained. Sex. Further, in the case of an air volume of not less than 1,500 m 3 /h ⁇ m 2 and in a case where the relative humidity of the air is 50% to 90%, the sulfur dioxide content in the air passing through the purification apparatus of the present application is less than 10 ppb.
  • 1 is a flow chart of a method for purifying air of the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of an apparatus for purifying air according to an embodiment of the present invention, wherein a is an air inlet, 1 is a sealed casing, 2 is a primary filtration unit, 3 is a humidification unit, 4 is a chemical filtration unit, and 5 It is a medium efficiency filter unit, 6 is a fan, and b is an air outlet.
  • 3 is a schematic diagram of an apparatus for purifying air according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein 1 is a sealed casing, 2 is a primary filtration unit, 3 is a humidification unit, 4 is a chemical filtration unit, and 5 is a medium efficiency filtration unit. 6 is a fan.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view of a hollow cylinder formed of a composite material according to an embodiment of the present application, wherein 7 is a side wall formed by a composite material, 8 is an air inlet side, 9 is an air outlet side, and 10 is for connection fixing. Structure.
  • Composite materials for purifying air including:
  • Polyurethane foaming net (purchased from: Changzhou Shunda Air Purification Material Co., Ltd.) with 50 mesh Number of holes and having a thickness of 8 mm;
  • a mixture sprayed on the inside and / or on the surface of a polyurethane foamed net comprising: 220 g of diatomaceous earth particles (purchased from: Shengzhou Huali Diatomite Products Co., Ltd.) having a particle size of 200 mesh (of which , each 100 g of diatomaceous earth can absorb about 170 g, powder), treatment agent 1540 g, butadiene acrylic acid copolymer binder (purchased from: Shanghai Motian Chemical Co., Ltd.) 374 g; and suspending agent 112 g,
  • the suspending agent was a 2% by weight aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
  • Composite materials for purifying air including:
  • Polyurethane foaming net (purchased from: Changzhou Shunda Air Purifying Material Co., Ltd.), having a number of holes of 30 mesh and having a thickness of 4 mm;
  • a mixture sprayed on the inside and/or on the surface of a polyurethane foamed web comprising: 270 g of diatomaceous earth particles (purchased from: Shengzhou Huali Diatomite Products Co., Ltd.) having a particle size of 60 mesh (including , per 100 grams of diatomaceous earth can absorb about 100 grams, powder), treatment agent 1350 grams, butadiene acrylic copolymer adhesive (purchased from: Beijing Wanji Jianye Building Materials Co., Ltd.) 351 grams; and suspending agent 219 grams
  • the suspending agent is a 5 wt% aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
  • Sodium carboxymethylcellulose purchased from: Tianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagent Factory
  • Tianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagent Factory was added to water to prepare 219 g of a 5% strength aqueous sodium carboxymethylcellulose solution as a suspending agent
  • Composite materials for purifying air including:
  • Polyurethane foaming net (purchased from: Changzhou Shunda Air Purifying Material Co., Ltd.), having a number of holes of 60 mesh and having a thickness of 6 mm;
  • a mixture on the inside and / or on the surface of a polyurethane foamed net the mixture containing: 240 g of diatomaceous earth particles (Cangzhou Huali Diatomite Products Co., Ltd.) passing through a 200 mesh sieve (of which, per 100 g Diatomaceous earth can absorb about 200g, powder), treatment agent 1440g, butadiene acrylic acid copolymer binder (purchased from: Beijing Wanji Jianye Building Materials Co., Ltd.) 360g; and suspension agent 200g, the suspension The agent was a 5 wt% aqueous solution of sodium carboxymethylcellulose.
  • the formulation of the composite material for purifying air and the preparation method thereof were the same as in Example 1, except that the thickness of the polyurethane foamed web was 4 mm.
  • the formulation of the composite material for purifying air and the preparation method thereof are basically the same as those in the first embodiment, except that the composite material further contains glycerin as a humectant (purchased from: Taobao-Xinyuan experiment), and the amount of glycerin is 3% by weight of the mixture, and at the end of the preparation process, a step of spraying glycerin onto the composite is added.
  • glycerin as a humectant
  • the composite material was prepared by the formulation and method of Example 1, except that an equal amount of activated alumina particles (purchased from: Langfang Asia Pacific Longxing Molecular Sieve Chemical Co., Ltd., alumina content (Al 2 O 3 ): 92 wt%) was used. , pore volume: ⁇ 0.38g / cm 3 ; water absorption: ⁇ 50%) instead of diatomaceous earth.
  • the composite material was prepared by the formulation and method of Example 1, except that the same amount of activated carbon granules were used (purchased from: Shanghai Quanhu Activated Carbon Co., Ltd., coconut shell activated carbon: 1-2 mm; specific surface area: ⁇ 1100 m 2 /g) ; total pore volume: ⁇ 0.9 cm 3 /g) instead of diatomaceous earth.
  • the composite material was prepared by the formulation and method of Example 1, except that carbon fiber (purchased from: Changzhou Shunda Air Purifying Material Co., Ltd., HCC unidirectional carbon fiber braid) was used instead of the polyurethane foamed net.
  • carbon fiber purchased from: Changzhou Shunda Air Purifying Material Co., Ltd., HCC unidirectional carbon fiber braid
  • the composite material was prepared by the formulation and method of Example 1, except that glass fiber (purchased from: Changzhou Shunda Air Purifying Material Co., Ltd., ECD450) was used instead of the polyurethane foamed net.
  • glass fiber purchased from: Changzhou Shunda Air Purifying Material Co., Ltd., ECD450
  • the device comprises a sealed casing
  • the device comprises a sealed casing
  • the casing is provided with an air inlet at one end of the casing and an air outlet at the other end of the casing
  • the internal arrangement of the sealed casing is:
  • the humidifying unit is located downstream of the air inlet, and includes a humidity sensor and a humidity controller connected to the humidity sensor, and a humidifying device connected to the humidity controller, the humidifying unit is configured to
  • the relative humidity of the air is controlled to be 50% to 90%, for example 52% used in the specific test in this embodiment;
  • a chemical processing unit located downstream of the humidification unit and comprising a composite material configured to treat air having a controlled relative humidity to remove acid gases in the air;
  • a fan located downstream of the chemical processing unit to provide power such that air can pass through the apparatus for purifying air at a certain wind speed
  • An initial effect filtering unit the primary effect filtering unit is located between the air inlet and the humidifying unit and is configured to filter out particles having a particle size greater than 5 ⁇ m in the air entering from the air inlet;
  • An intermediate effect filtration unit located between the chemical treatment unit and the fan and for filtering particulate matter having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m in air.
  • the primary effect filter unit is a polyester synthetic fiber material mesh having 100 mesh holes.
  • the chemical processing unit is formed from four composite materials prepared in Example 1.
  • the empty cylinder has the structure shown in Figure 4.
  • the chemical processing unit further includes a pressure sensor disposed outside the both ends of the hollow cylinder.
  • the medium efficiency filtration unit is a white polyester synthetic fiber material web having a mesh number of 300 mesh to 500 mesh.
  • the medium efficiency filter also includes a sulfur dioxide detector disposed on the outlet side thereof. The fan is disposed on an air outlet side of the medium efficiency filter.
  • the fan When processing air with a sulfur dioxide content of 0.1 ppm, the fan is turned on, and the air filter is passed through the primary filter at a flow rate of 1500 m 3 /h ⁇ m 2 , and the humidity sensor detects the humidity of the air; when the air humidity is lower than 50%, the humidity controller controls humidification.
  • the device begins to spray and stops spraying when it detects that the humidity of the air is in the range of 50% to 90%. Air having a humidity of 50% to 90% enters through the circumferential side wall of the hollow cylinder, exits from the open end of the cylinder and passes through the intermediate effect filter.
  • the pressure detecting device detects the air pressure outside the two ends of the hollow cylinder, and the sulfur dioxide detector detects the sulfur dioxide content in the air exiting the device on the air outlet side of the intermediate effect filter.
  • the equipment is used for continuous treatment until the concentration of sulfur dioxide in the air on the outlet side is higher than 10 ppb, and the chemical treatment unit needs to be replaced and used as a basis for calculating the service life of the chemical treatment unit. See Table 1 for the specific results.
  • the composite materials of Examples 1 to 6 of the present application are in accordance with the G1 level standard required for electronic production, data center, etc. according to the American standard ANSI/ISA S71.04-1985 (requiring a sulfur dioxide content between 0 and 10 ppb). Can meet this standard.
  • the composite materials provided in Examples 1 to 6 of the present application are subjected to the resistance of the composite material when the air containing sulfur dioxide is not higher than 100 ppb under a large air volume of 1500 m 3 /h ⁇ m 2 . It is not more than 65Pa, and the sulfur dioxide treatment efficiency is 100% for more than 2400 hours. It can effectively control the content of acid polluted gases in the air, and can ensure low energy consumption and high processing efficiency.
  • the method and device for purifying air provided by the embodiments of the present application can meet the requirements of the US standard ANSI/ISA S71.04-1985 for the G1 level standard sulfur dioxide content of 0-10 ppb for electronic production, data center, etc., therefore, the present application
  • the method and equipment for purifying air can be used in the production environment and data center of large-scale precision equipment, and provides favorable protection for the production of fine instruments and electronic equipment.
  • Example 1 Comparative Examples 1 to 2 in Table 1, it is understood that the polyurethane foamed web and the diatomaceous earth are compared with other adsorbent materials such as activated carbon particles and activated alumina particles.
  • adsorbent materials such as activated carbon particles and activated alumina particles.
  • the composite material for purifying air provided by the present application can exhibit the advantage that the filtration efficiency does not drop significantly when used for a long time, and the treatment efficiency is high and the energy consumption is low, so that the production cost can be significantly reduced, and the utility model can be effectively applied.
  • the composite preparation method is highly operable.

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Abstract

一种用于净化空气的复合材料，包括：多孔泡沫材料，多孔泡沫材料为开孔型聚氨酯发泡网；和喷涂在多孔泡沫材料内部和/或表面的混合物，混合物包括吸附性材料、处理剂和粘合剂；其中吸附性材料为硅藻土，处理剂为碱液。

Description

一种用于净化空气的复合材料及其制备方法和应用 技术领域
本申请大体上涉及，但不限于空气净化领域。
背景
大气环境中的污染物如SO2等超过一定限度就会对人体造成伤害。这类问题越来越受到人们的重视。同时，精密仪器、电子设备或工厂工艺条件等均对各类气体污染物的浓度有非常严格的限制条件，甚至超过了一般民用大气洁净度的要求。为了从大气中去除这些有害物质，人们通常采用吸附法和化学反应方法。吸附法所用材料主要为活性炭、活性氧化铝、硅胶、分子筛等。
发明概述
以下是对本文详细描述的主题的概述。本概述并非是为了限制权利要求的保护范围。
无论是民用的还是工业用的，目前市场上销售的空气净化产品所采用的技术一般为：
吸附法，其以活性炭类和氧化铝类产品为主，同时还有浸渍化学药剂的活性炭或氧化铝的材料；
化学反应方法，其中工业用的化学反应方法是以喷淋塔为代表的应用于化工厂、电厂等的装置。
这些方法和装置的缺点如下：
(1)装置的吸附容量有限；
(2)工业方法用的装置很大，可处理的空气量大，配合附属的装置设备，可以长期保持净化效率＞90％，但该方法造价高，能耗高，占地面积大，且需要专人维护和使用。在大风量应用条件下，这些方法的使用成本过高；对于民用和高科技场所(如电子厂房、数据中心等)均不具有实际使用意义；
其中，以上所指的净化效率：ηt＝(C0-Ct)/C0*100％；其中：
ηt：t时段内针对大气污染物的化学净化材料的净化率；
C0:气体中某种污染物浓度mg/m3；
Ct:t时段内空气通过净化材料后的污染物浓度，时间单位可以为小时、天、月等。不同净化材料的比对时间应相同。
(3)材料自身阻力过大，通风所需动力的能源消耗大，特别是对于一些需要大风量的场所；
(4)按照美国标准ANSI/ISA S71.04-1985对电子生产、数据中心等要求的G1级别的标准，在大风量条件下，净化效果难以保持。例如将SO2浓度降低到10ppb以下，且空气过风速度、阻力、动力消耗指标、使用时间等同时有要求，现有方法无法做到。更达不到有特殊要求的有工艺要求的特殊标准。
另外，浸渍了药剂的活性炭和氧化铝等产品虽然比纯粹的活性炭等净化效率高，但会出现净化效果随着使用时间而迅速下降、阻力过大等缺点。
因此，目前市场上仍存在对处理效率高、能耗低且长时间保持过滤效率的用于空气净化的复合材料及含有这样的复合材料的设备的需求。本申请提供了一种用于净化空气的复合材料。本申请提供的用于净化空气的复合材料能够在长时间使用时展示出过滤效率不会出现明显下降的优点，并且处理效率高、能耗低，从而能够显著降低生产成本。
本申请提供了一种用于净化空气的复合材料，所述复合材料可以包括：
多孔泡沫材料，所述多孔泡沫材料为开孔型聚氨酯发泡网；和
喷涂在所述多孔泡沫材料的内部和/或表面的混合物，所述混合物包括吸附性材料、处理剂和粘合剂，其中所述吸附性材料为硅藻土，所述处理剂为碱液。
其中，本申请所用到的开孔型聚氨酯发泡网可以为市售产品。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述多孔泡沫材料可具有30目至60目的孔数，可选地具有40目至50目的孔数，进一步可选地具有约45目的孔数。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述多孔泡沫材料通常可具有4至8mm的厚度。
本领域技术人员将理解，本申请的复合材料可以呈现出载体多孔泡沫材料的片状形式。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述粘合剂可选自环氧树脂粘合剂、丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂、聚醋酸乙烯粘合剂、丙烯酸粘合剂、聚氨酯粘合剂和聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂中的一种或更多种。可选地，所述粘合剂为丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂。本领域技术人员将理解的是，粘合剂可根据处理剂的具体类型和期望的技术效果来合理地选择。
其中，本申请所用到的这些粘合剂可以为市售产品。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述吸附性材料可以为60目至300目。可选地，所述硅藻土的规格为每100克硅藻土至少能够吸水约100-200克，可选地所述硅藻土的规格为每100克硅藻土的吸水量为约170克。
在以上或其他实施方式中，相对于每平方米的所述多孔泡沫材料的外表面，所述混合物的喷涂量可以为200克/平方米至250克/平方米，可选地为约225克/平方米。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述碱液可以是碱的浓度为5wt％至50wt％的水溶液，可选地为30wt％至50wt％的水溶液；
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述碱可选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙和碳酸钠中的一种或更多种。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述混合物中的所述吸附性材料、所述处理剂和所述粘合剂的重量比可以为1：5-7：1.3-1.7，可选地为1：6：1.5。在上述范围内，所述吸附性材料可以被有效的粘附在所述多孔泡沫材料上，不会造成在过滤过程中所述吸附性材料随风流失，同时，在较大的处理风量下比如在不低于1500m3/h·m2的风量下，由2至4片所述复合材料堆叠组成的组件的过滤阻力小于65Pa。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述混合物还可包括悬浮剂。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述悬浮剂可以为2wt％至5wt％的羧甲基纤 维素钠水溶液。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述悬浮剂可以为所述混合物总重量的5wt％至10wt％。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述复合材料还可包括喷涂在已喷涂所述混合物的所述多孔泡沫材料的内部和/或表面的保湿剂。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述保湿剂可以为甘油。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述保湿剂的用量可以为所述混合物总重量的3wt％至5wt％。
另一方面，本申请还提供一种制备如上所述的用于净化空气的复合材料的方法，所述方法包括：
将碱溶于水中，以得到处理剂；
将所述吸附性材料和所述处理剂溶液混合均匀，得到初混物；
将所述粘合剂添加到所述初混物中并混合均匀，得到混合物；
任选地将悬浮剂添加到所述混合物中并混合均匀；
将所述混合物或包含了悬浮剂的混合物喷涂到所述多孔泡沫材料，从而制得复合材料。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述方法还包括将保湿剂均匀地喷涂到复合材料。
本领域技术人员将理解的是，所述喷涂能够通过本领域已知的方法来进行，比如通过高压空气来均匀喷涂。
又一方面，本申请提供一种用于净化空气的复合材料，所述复合材料是根据如上所述的方法制备的。
在以上或其他实施方式中，在不低于1500m3/h·m2的风量下，所述单片复合材料的阻力不大于15Pa。在以上或其他实施方式中，在进风量不低于1500m3/h·m2的情况下，通过由二片、三片或四片所述复合材料堆叠组成的组件的阻力不大于65Pa，出口空气中二氧化硫浓度小于10ppb。其中，阻力的检测是在进风量不低于1500m3/h·m2时，测量通过所述组件之前的气压和 通过所述组件之后的气压而获得的所述组件受到的阻力不大于65Pa。
又一方面，本申请提供一种净化空气的方法，所述方法包括：
将待净化的空气的相对湿度控制在50％至90％，可选地为50％至75％，还可选地为75％；以及
使具有控制的相对湿度的空气通过如上所述的复合材料。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述方法还可包括对待净化的空气进行初效过滤，以滤除空气中粒度大于5μm的颗粒物，从而有利于降低空气中的颗粒物堵塞所述复合材料的风险。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述方法还可包括对通过所述复合材料的空气进行中效过滤，以滤除空气中粒度1μm至5μm的颗粒物，从而避免因为大风量可能导致的所述复合材料中的吸附性材料的脱落流失在处理后的空气中，影响处理后的空气质量。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述复合材料的处理剂可以为碱，且所述方法用于处理空气中的酸性气体，可选地为二氧化硫含量不超过1000ppb的酸性气体，且在不低于1500m3/h·m2的风量下且在空气相对湿度在50％至90％的情况下，通过复合材料的空气中的二氧化硫含量小于10ppb；待到使用一段时间后，通过复合材料的空气中的二氧化硫含量大于10ppb时，则需更换所使用的复合材料。其中，所述ppb是按重量计的单位。
在以上或其他实施方式中，其中相对湿度可以通过进风侧的湿度传感器和与所述湿度传感器连接的湿度控制器，以及与所述湿度控制器连接的加湿装置来控制。
又一方面，本申请提供一种用于净化空气的设备，所述设备可以包括：
密闭壳体，所述壳体上设置有在所述壳体一端的进风口以及在所述壳体另一端的出风口；
加湿单元，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，所述加湿单元位于所述进风口的下游，且包括湿度传感器和与所述湿度传感器连接的湿度控制器，以及与所述湿度控制器连接的加湿装置，所述加湿单元设置为将空气的相对湿度控制在50％至90％，可选地为50％至75％，还可选地为75％；
化学处理单元，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，所述化学处理单元位于所述加湿单元的下游，且包括如上所述的复合材料，所述化学处理单元设置为处理具有控制的相对湿度的空气以去除空气中的酸性气体；以及
风机，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，所述风机位于所述化学处理单元的下游，且设置为使得空气能够以一定的风速通过所述用于净化空气的设备；
可选的初效过滤单元，如果存在，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，且所述初效过滤单元位于所述进风口的下游且位于所述加湿单元的上游，且设置为滤除从进风口进入的空气中粒度大于5μm的颗粒物；
可选的中效过滤单元，如果存在，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，所述中效过滤单元位于所述化学处理单元的下游且位于所述风机的上游，且设置为滤除空气中粒度为1μm至5μm的颗粒物。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述化学处理单元中的所述复合材料可以被成型为任意合适的形状，例如可以被成型为中空圆筒，其中该中空圆筒的一端被密封且另一端敞开作为出风侧，使得空气从所述中空圆筒的侧壁通过并进入所述中空圆筒的中空部分，然后从出风侧流出。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述中空圆筒可以通过其出风侧与所述中效过滤单元连接。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述化学处理单元由一定数量的由上述复合材料形成的中空圆筒组成，例如1至10个，1至20个等。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述中空圆筒可以由二片至四片的复合材料堆叠形成。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述设备如图2所示。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述设备如图3所示。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述设备还可包括在进风口和出风口设置的检测器，以检测从进入进风口的空气的污染物浓度或检测从出风口出来的空气的污染物浓度，从而计算设备的过滤效率。当设备的过滤效率低于99％时，可以更换所述设备的复合材料。一般情况下会有几台新风主机同时工作的，需要更换的这一台需要停机，但整体新风机组是不停机的。此时仍然有 其它新风主机在代替它工作，更换时间不会超过1个小时的时间。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述加湿装置可以为高压喷雾器、电极加湿装置、超声波加湿器和湿膜中的一种或更多种。
在以上或其他实施方式中，通过所述湿度传感器检测进风侧空气中的湿度含量，当进风侧空气中的湿度含量低于50％时，与所述湿度传感器连接的湿度控制器开启加湿装置，当进风侧空气的湿度在此范围内时，则关闭所述加湿装置。此外，需要说明的是，因为如果有水滴在复合材料的表面，那么凝聚多了水滴就会堆积并蔓延到设备的其他地方从而产生诸多安全问题。为了避免加湿装置的水滴接触到所述复合材料，所述加湿装置距离所述复合材料一定的安全距离设置，该安全距离可以根据设备大小等实际情况进行合理选择。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述加湿装置设置在进风侧，且所述加湿装置在所述复合材料的进风侧的周围均匀分布，以使所述加湿装置能够均匀喷雾进风侧的空气。所述加湿装置的数量可以根据实际需要而选择，只要能使所述加湿装置能够均匀喷雾进风侧的空气即可。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述初效过滤单元可以为具有100目的孔数的过滤网。
在以上或其他实施方式中，所述中效过滤单元可以为孔数在300目至500目之间的过滤网。
本申请的发明人在实验过程中发现，通过在空气穿过所述复合材料之前将空气的相对湿度控制在50％至90％的范围内，能够有效的保持所述复合材料的处理效率的稳定性。并且，在不低于1500m3/h·m2的风量下且在空气相对湿度为50％至90％的情况下，通过本申请的净化设备的空气中的二氧化硫含量小于10ppb。
本申请的其它特征和优点将在随后的说明书中阐述，并且，部分地从说明书中变得明显，或者通过实施本申请而了解。本申请的目的和其他优点可通过在说明书、权利要求书以及附图中所指出的结构来实现和获得。
附图简述
附图用来提供对本申请实施方案的进一步理解，并且构成说明书的一部分。下面结合附图和详细描述对本申请实施方案做更进一步的具体说明，并不构成对本申请实施方案的限制。
图1为本申请用于净化空气的方法的流程图。
图2为本申请一个实施方式的用于净化空气的设备的平面示意图,其中a为进风口，1为密闭壳体、2为初效过滤单元、3为加湿单元、4为化学过滤单元、5为中效过滤单元、6为风机，b为出风口。
图3为本申请一个实施方式的用于净化空气的设备的示意图，其中1为密闭壳体、2为初效过滤单元、3为加湿单元、4为化学过滤单元、5为中效过滤单元、6为风机。
图4为本申请一个实施方式的用复合材料成型的中空圆筒的示意图，其中7为由复合材料成型的侧壁，8为进风侧，9为出风侧，10为用于连接固定的结构件。
详细描述
下面通过实施例来描述本申请的实施方式，本领域的技术人员应当认识到，这些具体的实施例仅是示例性的，用于说明和解释本申请，并不是对本申请保护范围的限制。根据本申请的教导，结合现有技术对本申请技术方案的改进均属于本申请保护范围。在不冲突的情况下，本申请中的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互任意组合。
在以下实施例中，所用到的原料均为市购获得的产品。以下实施例中所用试剂，除非特殊说明，否则均来自商购，相同的试剂来源相同。
实施例1
用于净化空气的复合材料，包括：
聚氨酯发泡网(购自：常州市顺达空气净化材料有限公司)，具有50目 的孔数且具有8mm的厚度；以及
喷涂在聚氨酯发泡网的内部和/或表面上的混合物，所述混合物含有：具有200目的颗粒度的硅藻土颗粒(购自：嵊州市华力硅藻土制品有限公司)220克(其中，每100克硅藻土能够吸水约170克，粉末)，处理剂1540克，丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂(购自：上海摩田化学有限公司)374克；以及悬浮剂112克，所述悬浮剂为2wt％的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液。
制备方法：
将碳酸钠(购自：上海京格贸易有限公司)540克溶于1000克的水中，得到pH为10的处理剂；
将硅藻土颗粒与所述处理剂混合均匀，得到初混物；
将丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂添加到所述初混物中并混合均匀，得到混合物；
将羧甲基纤维素钠(购自：天津市福晨化学试剂厂)添加到水中，配制浓度为2wt％的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液112克，作为悬浮剂；
将所述悬浮剂添加到所述混合物中，并混合均匀，得到最终的混合物；
然后，以混合物的喷涂量为200克/平方米的标准，将所述最终的混合物喷涂到所述聚氨酯发泡网上，得到复合材料(长×宽＝2000mm×1000mm)。
实施例2
用于净化空气的复合材料，包括：
聚氨酯发泡网(购自：常州市顺达空气净化材料有限公司)，具有30目的孔数且具有4mm的厚度；以及
喷涂在聚氨酯发泡网的内部和/或表面上的混合物，所述混合物含有：具有60目的颗粒度的硅藻土颗粒(购自：嵊州市华力硅藻土制品有限公司)270克(其中，每100克硅藻土能够吸水约100克，粉末)，处理剂1350克，丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂(购自：北京万吉建业建材有限公司)351克；以及悬浮剂219克，所述悬浮剂为5wt％的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液。
制备方法：
将氢氧化钠(市购，粉末)540克溶于810克的水中，得到pH为13的处理剂；
将硅藻土颗粒与所述处理剂溶液混合均匀，得到初混物；
将丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂添加到所述初混物中并混合均匀，得到混合物；
将羧甲基纤维素钠(购自：天津市福晨化学试剂厂)添加到水中，配制浓度为5wt％的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液219克，作为悬浮剂；
将所述悬浮剂添加到所述混合物中，并混合均匀，得到最终的混合物；
然后，以混合物的喷涂量为250克/平方米的标准，将最终的混合物喷涂到所述聚氨酯发泡网上，得到复合材料(长×宽＝2000mm×1000mm)。
实施例3
用于净化空气的复合材料，包括：
聚氨酯发泡网(购自：常州市顺达空气净化材料有限公司)，具有60目的孔数且具有6mm的厚度；以及
喷涂在聚氨酯发泡网的内部和/或表面上的混合物，所述混合物含有：过200目筛的硅藻土颗粒(嵊州市华力硅藻土制品有限公司)240克(其中，每100克硅藻土能够吸水约200克，粉末)，处理剂1440克，丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂(购自：北京万吉建业建材有限公司)360克；以及悬浮剂200克，所述悬浮剂为5wt％的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液。
制备方法：
将氢氧化钠(市购，粉末)432克溶于1008克的水中，得到pH为12的处理剂；
将硅藻土颗粒与所述处理剂溶液混合均匀，得到初混物；
将丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂添加到所述初混物中并混合均匀，得到混合物；
将羧甲基纤维素钠(购自：天津市福晨化学试剂厂)添加到水中，配制浓度为5wt％的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液200克，作为悬浮剂；
将所述悬浮剂添加到所述混合物中，并混合均匀，得到最终的混合物；
然后，以混合物的喷涂量为225克/平方米的标准，将最终的混合物喷涂到所述聚氨酯发泡网上，得到复合材料(长×宽＝2000mm×1000mm)。
实施例4
用于净化空气的复合材料的配方及其制备方法与实施例1相同，唯一的区别在于聚氨酯发泡网的厚度为4mm。
实施例5
用于净化空气的复合材料的配方及其制备方法与实施例1基本相同，不同的是，复合材料还含有作为保湿剂的甘油(购自：淘宝网-欣远实验)，甘油的量为所述混合物的3wt％，且制备方法的最后增加了一个将甘油喷涂在复合材料上的步骤。
对比例1
采用实施例1的配方和方法来制备复合材料，不同的是，用等量的活性氧化铝颗粒(购自：廊坊亚太龙兴分子筛化工有限公司，氧化铝含量(Al2O3)：92wt％，孔容积：≥0.38g/cm3；吸水率：≥50％)代替硅藻土。
对比例2
采用实施例1的配方和方法来制备复合材料，不同的是，用等量的活性炭颗粒(购自：上海全虎活性炭有限公司，椰壳活性炭：1-2mm；比表面积：≥1100m2/g；总孔容积：≥0.9cm3/g)代替硅藻土。
对比例3
采用实施例1的配方和方法来制备复合材料，不同的是，用碳纤维(购自：常州市顺达空气净化材料有限公司，HCC单向碳纤维编织物)代替聚氨酯发泡网。
对比例4
采用实施例1的配方和方法来制备复合材料，不同的是，用玻璃纤维(购自：常州市顺达空气净化材料有限公司，ECD450)代替聚氨酯发泡网。
实施例6
采用图3所示的设备来净化空气测试复合材料性能。其中，所述设备包括密闭壳体，所述设备包括一个密闭壳体，所述壳体上设置有在所述壳体一端的进风口以及在所述壳体另一端的出风口，并且，所述密闭壳体的内部设置有：
加湿单元，所述加湿单元位于所述进风口的下游，且包括湿度传感器和与所述湿度传感器连接的湿度控制器，以及与所述湿度控制器连接的加湿装置，所述加湿单元设置为将空气的相对湿度控制为50％至90％，例如在本实施例中具体测试时所用的52％；
化学处理单元，所述化学处理单元位于所述加湿单元的下游，且包括复合材料，所述化学处理单元设置为处理具有控制的相对湿度的空气以去除空气中的酸性气体；以及
风机，所述风机位于所述化学处理单元的下游，以提供动力，从而使得空气能够以一定的风速通过所述用于净化空气的设备；
初效过滤单元，所述初效过滤单元位于所述进风口和所述加湿单元之间且用于滤除从进风口进入的空气中粒度大于5μm的颗粒物；
中效过滤单元，所述中效过滤单元位于所述化学处理单元和所述风机之间且用于滤除空气中粒度为1μm至5μm的颗粒物。
其中，在本应用实例中，所述初效过滤单元为具有100目孔的聚酯合成纤维材料网。所述化学处理单元为由4片实施例1制备的复合材料成型的中
空圆筒，其结构如图4所示。所述化学处理单元还包括在中空圆筒的两端外侧设置压力传感器。所述中效过滤单元为具有300目至500目孔数的白色聚酯合成纤维材料网。所述中效过滤网还包括设置在其出风侧的二氧化硫检测器。所述风机设置在所述中效过滤网的出风侧。
处理二氧化硫含量为0.1ppm的空气时，开启风机，以1500m3/h·m2的风量通过初效过滤网，湿度传感器检测空气的湿度；当空气湿度低于50％时，湿度控制器控制加湿装置开始喷雾，检测到空气的湿度在50％至90％范围内时，停止喷雾。湿度在50％至90％的空气通过中空圆筒的圆周侧壁进入，从该圆筒的开口端离开并通过中效过滤网。压力检测装置检测中空圆筒两端外侧的气压，以及二氧化硫检测器检测中效过滤网出风侧即离开该设备的空气中二氧化硫的含量。采用该设备进行连续处理，直到出风侧空气中二氧化硫的浓度高于10ppb时，则需要更换化学处理单元且以此为判断依据来计算化学处理单元的使用寿命。具体结果参见表1。
然后，分别用实施例2-5和对比例1至4制备的复合材料代替实施例1的复合材料进行处理，所得结果如表1所示。
表1使用包括不同复合材料的设备来净化空气的结果
Figure PCTCN2017098148-appb-000001
另外，按照美国标准ANSI/ISA S71.04-1985对电子生产、数据中心等要求的G1级别的标准(要求二氧化硫含量在0-10ppb之间)，本申请的实施例1至6的复合材料均能够达到这一标准。
由此可以看出，本申请实施例1至6提供的复合材料，在1500m3/h·m2的大风量下，处理含二氧化硫不高于100ppb的空气时，所述复合材料所受的阻力不大于65Pa，且连续2400小时以上能够实现二氧化硫处理效率为100％，既能有效控制空气中的酸性污染气体的含量，又能保证低的能耗和高的处理效率。
另外，本申请实施例提供的净化空气的方法和设备，能够满足美国标准ANSI/ISA S71.04-1985对电子生产，数据中心等要求的G1级别的标准二氧化硫含量0-10ppb，因此，本申请提供的净化空气的方法和设备能够用于大型精密设备的生产环境和数据中心，为精细仪器和电子设备的生产提供有利的保障。
此外，通过比较表1中的实施例1和对比例1至2的材料所测定的数据可知，与其他吸附性材料比如活性炭颗粒和活性氧化铝颗粒相比，聚氨酯发泡网和硅藻土的组合不仅能够实现小的风阻值，而且能够同时实现高的净化率和更长的使用寿命。
并且，通过表1中的实施例5的材料所测定的数据可知，在添加了保湿剂之后，本申请的复合材料的使用寿命被显著延长；从表1中的对比例3和4的材料所测定的数据可知，硅藻土与其他载体比如碳纤维或玻璃纤维的组合既不能实现小于65pa的风阻的目的，也不能用于有效去除二氧化硫，并且使用寿命相对较短。
本公开内容是本申请实施例的原则的示例，并非对本申请作出任何形式上或实质上的限定，或将本申请限定到具体的实施方案。对本领域的技术人员而言，很显然本申请实施例的技术方案的要素、方法和产品等，可以进行变动、改变、改动、演变，而不背离如上所述的本申请的实施例、技术方案的，如权利要求中所定义的原理、精神和范围。这些变动、改变、改动、演变的实施方案均包括在本申请的等同实施例内，这些等同实施例均包括在本申请的由权利要求界定的范围内。虽然可以许多不同形式来使本申请实施例 具体化，但此处详细描述的是本申请的一些实施方案。此外，本申请的实施例包括此处所述的各种实施方案的一些或全部的任意可能的组合，也包括在本申请的由权利要求界定的范围内。在本申请中或在任一个引用的专利、引用的专利申请或其它引用的资料中任何地方所提及的所有专利、专利申请和其它引用资料据此通过引用以其整体并入。
以上公开内容规定为说明性的而不是穷尽性的。对于本领域技术人员来说，本说明书会暗示许多变化和可选择方案。所有这些可选择方案和变化旨在被包括在本权利要求的范围内，其中术语“包括”意思是“包括，但不限于”。
在此完成了对本发明可选择的实施方案的描述。本领域技术人员可认识到此处所述的实施方案的其它等效变换，这些等效变换也为由附于本文的权利要求所包括。
工业实用性
本申请提供的用于净化空气的复合材料能够在长时间使用时展示出过滤效率不会出现明显下降的优点，并且处理效率高、能耗低，从而能够显著降低生产成本，可有效地应用于空气净化领域。该复合材料制备方法操作性强。

Claims (14)

  1. 一种用于净化空气的复合材料，所述复合材料包括：
    多孔泡沫材料，所述多孔泡沫材料为开孔型聚氨酯发泡网；和
    喷涂在所述多孔泡沫材料的内部和/或表面的混合物，所述混合物包括吸附性材料、处理剂和粘合剂；
    其中，所述吸附性材料为硅藻土；所述处理剂为碱液。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其中，所述粘合剂选自环氧树脂粘合剂、丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂、聚醋酸乙烯粘合剂、丙烯酸粘合剂、聚氨酯粘合剂和聚丙烯酸酯粘合剂中的一种或更多种，可选地，所述粘合剂为丁二烯丙烯酸共聚物粘合剂；和/或
    所述多孔泡沫材料具有30目至60目的孔数，可选地具有40目至50目的孔数，进一步可选地具有45目的孔数；和/或
    所述吸附性材料的颗粒度为60目至300目；和/或
    所述碱液是碱的浓度为5wt％至50wt％的水溶液，可选地为30wt％至50wt％的水溶液；和/或
    相对于每平方米的所述多孔泡沫材料的外表面，所述混合物的喷涂量为200克/平方米至250克/平方米，可选地为225克/平方米；和/或
    所述碱选自氢氧化钠、氢氧化钙和碳酸钠中的一种或更多种。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的复合材料，其中，所述混合物中的所述吸附性材料、所述处理剂和所述粘合剂的重量比为1：5-7：1.3-1.7，可优地1：6：1.5。
  4. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的复合材料，所述混合物还包括悬浮剂，可选地所述悬浮剂为2wt％至5wt％的羧甲基纤维素钠水溶液，还可选地所述悬浮剂为所述混合物总重量的5wt％至10wt％。
  5. 根据权利要求1至3任一项所述的复合材料，所述复合材料还包括喷涂在已喷涂所述混合物的所述多孔泡沫材料的内部和/或表面的保湿剂，可选地所述保湿剂为甘油，可选地所述保湿剂的用量为所述混合物总重量的 3wt％至5wt％。
  6. 一种制备如权利要求1至5中任一项所述的用于净化空气的复合材料的方法，所述方法包括：
    将碱溶于水中，以得到处理剂；
    将所述吸附性材料和所述处理剂混合均匀，得到初混物；
    将所述粘合剂添加到所述初混物中并混合均匀，得到混合物；
    任选地将悬浮剂添加到所述混合物中并混合均匀；
    将所述混合物或包含了悬浮剂的混合物喷涂到所述多孔泡沫材料，从而制得复合材料；并且
    任选地，将保湿剂均匀地喷涂到复合材料。
  7. 一种用于净化空气的复合材料，所述复合材料是根据权利要求6所述的方法制备的。
  8. 一种净化空气的方法，所述方法包括：
    可选地，对待净化的空气进行初效过滤，以滤除空气中粒度大于5μm的颗粒物；
    将待净化的空气的相对湿度控制在50％至90％，可选地为50％至75％，还可选地为75％；
    使具有控制的相对湿度的空气通过如权利要求1至5和7中任一项所述的复合材料；以及
    可选地，对通过所述复合材料的空气进行中效过滤，以滤除空气中粒度1-5μm的颗粒物。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中，所述方法用于处理空气中的酸性气体，可选地为二氧化硫含量不超过1000ppb的酸性气体。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的方法，其中，在控制相对湿度的步骤中，相对湿度是通过进风侧的湿度传感器和与所述湿度传感器连接的湿度控制器，以及与所述湿度控制器连接的加湿装置来控制的。
  11. 一种用于净化空气的设备，所述设备包括：
    密闭壳体，所述壳体设置有在所述壳体一端的进风口以及在所述壳体另一端的出风口；
    加湿单元，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，所述加湿单元位于所述进风口的下游，且包括湿度传感器和与所述湿度传感器连接的湿度控制器，以及与所述湿度控制器连接的加湿装置，所述加湿单元设置为将空气的相对湿度控制在50％至90％，可选地为50％至75％，还可选地为75％；
    化学处理单元，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，所述化学处理单元位于所述加湿单元的下游，且包括如权利要求1至5和7中任一项所述的复合材料，所述化学处理单元设置为处理具有控制的相对湿度的空气以去除空气中的酸性气体；以及
    风机，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，所述风机位于所述化学处理单元的下游，且设置为使得空气能够以一定的风速通过所述用于净化空气的设备；
    可选的初效过滤单元，如果存在，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，且所述初效过滤单元位于所述进风口的下游且位于所述加湿单元的上游，且设置为滤除从进风口进入的空气中粒度大于5μm的颗粒物；
    可选的中效过滤单元，如果存在，其设置在所述密闭壳体的内部，所述中效过滤单元位于所述化学处理单元的下游且位于所述风机的上游，且设置为滤除空气中粒度为1μm至5μm的颗粒物。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的设备，其中，所述化学处理单元包括一个或更多个由复合材料形成的中空圆筒，该中空圆筒的一端被密封且另一端敞开作为出风侧，使得空气从所述中空圆筒的侧壁通过并进入所述中空圆筒的中空部分，然后从出风侧流出。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的设备，其中，多个片状的复合材料堆叠形成所述中空圆筒。
  14. 根据权利要求11至13任一项所述的设备，其中，所述加湿装置为高压喷雾器、电极加湿装置、超声波加湿器和湿膜中的一种或更多种。
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