WO2018041137A1 - 缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器 - Google Patents

缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018041137A1
WO2018041137A1 PCT/CN2017/099646 CN2017099646W WO2018041137A1 WO 2018041137 A1 WO2018041137 A1 WO 2018041137A1 CN 2017099646 W CN2017099646 W CN 2017099646W WO 2018041137 A1 WO2018041137 A1 WO 2018041137A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
elastic claw
elastic
pusher
straight
head
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PCT/CN2017/099646
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
施国平
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苏州施莱医疗器械有限公司
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Publication of WO2018041137A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018041137A1/zh

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150015—Source of blood
    • A61B5/150022—Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150206—Construction or design features not otherwise provided for; manufacturing or production; packages; sterilisation of piercing element, piercing device or sampling device
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/150007—Details
    • A61B5/150374—Details of piercing elements or protective means for preventing accidental injuries by such piercing elements
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15101—Details
    • A61B5/15103—Piercing procedure
    • A61B5/15107—Piercing being assisted by a triggering mechanism
    • A61B5/15113—Manually triggered, i.e. the triggering requires a deliberate action by the user such as pressing a drive button
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/15—Devices for taking samples of blood
    • A61B5/151—Devices specially adapted for taking samples of capillary blood, e.g. by lancets, needles or blades
    • A61B5/15142—Devices intended for single use, i.e. disposable

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of medical blood collection instruments, in particular to a self-contained ejection mechanism for a single-use safety blood collection device (or a blood collection needle).
  • the head of the blood collection device has a significant indentation after use to distinguish the appearance of the front head.
  • the disposable blood collection device In the field of medical blood collection, the disposable blood collection device is popular among medical personnel and patients because of its small size, safe use and convenient operation. It is currently widely used in various medical institutions and diabetic patients.
  • the blood collection device has a self-contained ejection mechanism, is compact in structure, and is disposable at one time, and is safe and convenient, so it has strong market development potential.
  • the Chinese patent CN2619583Y has announced the authorization of a utility model patent entitled "Self-locking type one-time safety automatic blood collection needle".
  • This patent teaches a representative conventional cap-type head-pressed disposable blood collection device.
  • the structure includes a housing, an end cap, a core, a spring, a pusher and a cap.
  • the end cap In the assembled state, the end cap is provided with a pair of elastic claws, which use the hook and the clamping force to clamp the side ears on both sides of the needle core; the spring is pressed between the end cover and the core; when the blood collection head When the part is pressed, the pusher moves backward through the inclined surface to meet the two elastic claws and forces the elastic claw to open, thereby causing the core to be unhooked and generating a shooting puncture under the push of the spring.
  • the so-called cap type refers to the structure of the cap of the blood collection device, that is, the cap is set on the head of the blood collection device, and a detecting rod is extended on the cap to detect the locked state of the needle and to protect the needle tip.
  • the Chinese patent CN205107692U announced a utility model patent entitled "Improved Head Press Type Discharge Blood Collector".
  • a representative conventional twist cap type head press type disposable blood collection device is shown in Figs. 1 to 4 of the patent. Its basic structure and working principle are similar to the above-mentioned Chinese patent CN2619583Y. The difference is that the head of the blood collection device adopts the structure of the twist cap. When using, the twist cap is first twisted to break the neck between the needle core and the protection rod. , then remove the guard bar and twist cap.
  • the core structures of the above two types of head-pressed disposable blood collection devices are ejection mechanisms, that is, a pair of elastic claws on the end cap, a pair of side ears on the needle core, a spring and a slope on the pusher cooperate with each other.
  • This kind of ejection mechanism has mature structure and distinctive features.
  • the present invention provides a retractable head-press type disposable blood collection device, the purpose of which is to solve the problem that the above-mentioned blood collection device head rebounds completely after being pressed, and cannot be retracted. Identify the problem of using the appearance of the front head and the lack of a noticeable use of the hand.
  • a retractable head-press type disposable blood collection device which comprises a casing, a needle core, a spring and a hair pusher.
  • At least two elastic claws are disposed in the outer casing, and all the elastic claws collectively form a elastic clip.
  • the core is clamped in the elastic clip, the spring is pressed against the tail of the core and acts on the ejection direction of the core, and the elastic clip is formed by clamping the core card with the hook and clamping force of the end of each elastic claw. Lock before launch.
  • the hair expander head extends from the front end of the housing, and the hair lifter body is slidably coupled in the outer casing.
  • the innovation is that the hair pusher is provided with a first inclined surface and a first straight surface corresponding to each elastic claw.
  • the projection of the first straight face on the axis of the pusher is located in front of the projection of the first bevel on the axis of the pusher.
  • the distance from the intersection of the first straight face to the first inclined surface to the axis of the pusher is greater than the distance from the critical point of the elastic claw lateral opening and uncoupling to the axis of the pusher, and is smaller than the laterally open end point of the elastic claw to The distance from the axis of the pusher.
  • a space for the elastic claw is left between the first straight surface and the inner wall of the outer casing.
  • the inclined surface in the "first inclined surface” and the “second inclined surface” includes a plane, a curved surface or a tapered surface, but is inclined obliquely with respect to the blood collection device axis, thereby forming a slope.
  • the slope has a slope in the form of a plane, a slope in the form of a concave surface (the slope is composed of a plurality of straight lines in the oblique direction, a concave or convex surface in the vertical oblique direction, but is also a bevel in nature), a slope and a curved surface in the form of a cone
  • the form of the bevel (the bevel is composed of at least one concave arc or/and a convex arc in the oblique direction, but is essentially a bevel) of four types. Any one of the present invention can be applied, and can be specifically determined according to actual conditions.
  • the first type is a sloped surface in the form of a plane
  • the second type is a sloped surface in the form of a concave surface
  • the third type is a sloped surface in the form of a tapered surface
  • the fourth type is a sloped surface in the form of a curved surface.
  • the indented head-press type disposable blood collection device of the present invention comprises two structures of a twist cap type and a cap type. That is, the disposable blood collection device of the present invention is usually provided with a protective cap, and the protective cap can be of a twisted cap type or a cap type. This does not affect the achievement of the object of the invention.
  • the design principle and concept of the present invention is: in order to make the protruding end of the pusher of the head-press type disposable blood collection device have a significant retracting effect relative to the head of the casing, the technical measures adopted by the present invention are: first, The driving surface of the pusher acting on the elastic claw is changed from the original simple inclined surface to the combination of the inclined surface and the straight surface; secondly, the positional relationship between the inclined surface and the straight surface projected on the axis of the pusher is: the inclined surface is behind, and the straight surface is in front; Third, the positional relationship of the straight face in the lateral opening direction of the elastic claw is: the straight face is higher than the critical point of the elastic claw unhooking, and is lower than the lateral position of the lateral opening of the elastic claw; fourth, the straight face and the inner wall of the outer casing There should be a space for the elastic claws.
  • the head of the blood collection device When using the handheld blood collection device, the head of the blood collection device is pressed against the blood collection site, the hair pusher moves backward relative to the outer casing, the elastic claw climbs along the inclined surface, and the elastic claw is laterally opened, and when the needle is opened to the decoupling critical point, the core is opened.
  • the spring is launched by the spring, and then the elastic claw slides to the straight surface, and the end of the elastic claw is in the occupying space. At this time, under the elastic clamping force, the elastic claws grip the hair pusher through the straight surface, and the hair expander is extended.
  • the outlet is in a retracted state relative to the head of the housing.
  • the present invention has the following advantages and effects compared with the prior art:
  • the invention solves the problem that the head of the blood collection device can completely retract after use, and can not be retracted, so that the user can easily recognize the appearance of the head of the blood collection device before and after use, and obviously improve the use of the blood collection device.
  • the degree of recognition of the state is the degree of recognition of the state.
  • the blood collection device of the invention does not completely rebound after the use of the blood collection device, the user has obvious retraction, so the user can obviously feel the pause during use, and the operator can obviously feel the pause and use.
  • Feel good user experience is good. It conforms to the design concept of today's blood collection products focusing on user experience such as hand feeling, visual experience and user psychology.
  • the invention has simple structure and ingenious design, and no other structural members are added, as long as the original mold is improved, and the cost is hardly increased, so that it has outstanding substantive features and significant progress compared with the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective exploded view of a retractable head-press type disposable blood collection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a retractable head-press type disposable blood collection device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a perspective view of a tail cover according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the hair expander according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 5;
  • Figure 7 is a front elevational view of the first embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a cross-sectional view showing the initial assembled state of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the twist cap is removed according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a cross-sectional view showing the state of the head of the pusher according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view showing the state in which the head is indented after blood collection according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a perspective cross-sectional view showing a retractable head-press type disposable blood collection device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a partial enlarged view of Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a perspective view of a hair expander according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Example 1 A retractable head press type disposable blood collection device
  • the disposable blood collection device consists of a housing 1, a tail cap 2, a core 3, a spring 4, a pusher 5 and a twist cap 6 (see Figures 1 and 2).
  • the tail cover 2 is placed at the rear port of the outer casing 1, and the tail cover 2 projects two elastic claws 7 arranged symmetrically in the outer surface of the outer casing 1, and the two elastic claws 7 together form an elastic folder.
  • the core 3 is clamped in a spring clip, the spring 4 is pressed against the tail of the core 3 and acts on the ejection direction of the core 3, and the elastic clip utilizes the hook 9 and the clamping force at the end of each elastic claw 7
  • the core 3 is clamped to form a pre-launch lock.
  • the head of the hair pusher 5 protrudes from the front end of the outer casing 1, and the hair lifter 5 is slidably coupled to the outer casing 1.
  • the twist cap 6 is placed on the head of the pusher 5, and the protective sleeve on the twist cap 6 is placed on the protective rod of the head of the core 3.
  • the hair pusher 5 is provided with a first inclined surface 8 and a first straight surface 10 corresponding to each of the elastic claws 7 (see FIGS. 5 and 6).
  • the projection of the first straight face 10 on the axis of the pusher 5 is located in front of the projection of the first inclined face 8 on the axis of the pusher 5.
  • the so-called front refers to the direction pointed by the needle tip of the blood collection device. This requirement is to ensure the positional relationship of the first bevel 8 and the first straight face 10 projected on the axis of the pusher 5, that is, the first bevel 8 is behind and the first straight 10 is in front.
  • the distance between the intersection of the first straight surface 10 and the first inclined surface 8 to the axis of the hair-rotator 5 is greater than the distance from the critical point of the lateral opening of the elastic claw 7 to the axis of the pusher 5, and is smaller than the elastic claw 7 The distance from the laterally flared end point to the axis of the pusher 5 .
  • This requirement is to ensure the positional relationship of the first straight surface 10 in the lateral opening direction of the elastic claw 7, that is, the first straight surface 10 is higher than the critical point of the elastic claw 7 and is lower than the elastic claw 7 laterally. Open end position.
  • the elastic claw 7 is provided with a second inclined surface 12 corresponding to the first inclined surface 8, and the elastic claw 7 corresponds to the first straight
  • the face 10 is provided with a second straight face 13 (see Figures 3 and 4).
  • the elastic claw 7 climbs along the first inclined surface 8, the second inclined surface 12 is in sliding contact with the first inclined surface 8, and when the elastic claw 7 is slid to the first straight surface 10, the second straight surface 13 is in contact with the first straight surface 10.
  • the elastic claw 7 may be provided with a curved surface corresponding to the first inclined surface 8 and the first straight surface 10, and the first inclined surface 8 and the first straight surface 10 are matched by the curved surface.
  • the first straight face 10 may be parallel to the axis of the pusher 5, but in order to prevent the elastic claw 7 from slipping, the first straight face 10 may be designed to have a reverse direction with respect to the axis of the pusher 5. The angle of inclination, which can prevent the elastic claw 7 from slipping off the first straight face 10 under the elastic clamping force.
  • a buckle body may be disposed on the first straight surface 10, and the buckle body is provided with a hook body on the elastic claw 7, and when the elastic claw 7 slides to the first straight surface 10, the elastic claw 7 The hook body cooperates with the buckle body on the first straight face 10 to prevent the elastic claw 7 from slipping off the first straight face 10.
  • the whole blood collection device is composed of a casing 1, a tail cap 2, a core 3, a spring 4, a pusher 5 and a twist cap 6, wherein the spring 4 is in a preload state, and the core 3 is locked before being fired.
  • the blood collection device is provided with a twist cap 6 (protective cap).
  • one hand holds the blood collection device housing 1, and the other hand twists and removes the twisting cap 6.
  • the protruding end of the hair horn 5 of the blood collection device head is pressed against the blood collection site, and the hair pusher 5 is moved rearward relative to the outer casing 1, and the elastic claw 7 climbs along the first inclined surface 8, while The first inclined surface 8 forces the elastic claws 7 to open laterally (see FIG. 10).
  • the core 3 is fired by the spring 4, and then the elastic claws 7 are slid to the first position.
  • Straight face 10 the end of the elastic claw 7 is in the occupying space 11, at which time the elastic claws 7 hold the hair pusher 5 through the first straight surface 10 under the elastic clamping force, and the hair expander 5 is extended.
  • the outlet is in a retracted state relative to the head of the housing 1 (see Figure 11).
  • Example 2 Indented head press type disposable blood collection device
  • the disposable blood collection device is composed of a casing 1, a tail cap 2, a core 3, a spring 4, a pusher 5, and a twist cap 6 (see Fig. 12).
  • the difference between this embodiment and the first embodiment is that, firstly, the positions of the first inclined surface 8 and the first straight surface 10 on the hair pusher 5 are different.
  • the first inclined surface 8 and the first straight surface 10 are disposed at the third inclined surface 15 of FIG. 14 of Embodiment 2, and in the second embodiment, the positions of the first inclined surface 8 and the first straight surface 10 are as seen.
  • Figure 14 shows.
  • the first slope 8 and the first straight surface 10 are engaged with the claw tips 16 of the elastic claws 7, and in Embodiment 2, the first slopes 8 and the first straight faces 10 are the elastic claws 7 The shoulder 14 fits.
  • the mating relationship of the claw tip 16 of the elastic claw 7 with the third slope 15 is retained.
  • the first embodiment is identical to the second embodiment in view of the effect of the retracted end of the pusher 5 after use.
  • cap-type head-press type disposable blood collection device but the present invention is not limited thereto, and is also applicable to a cap-type head-press type disposable blood collection device.
  • the twist cap and cap are two forms of the blood collection protector, but these two forms are not related to the innovation of the present invention, as will be understood and appreciated by those skilled in the art.
  • an elastic clip formed by the two elastic claws 7 is an extending structure extending from the inner end surface of the tail cap 2.
  • the present invention is not limited thereto, and the elastic clip may be formed directly from the outer casing 1.
  • the outer casing 1 is designed as a combination of upper and lower halves, and one elastic claw is extended in each half of the outer casing, and an elastic clip formed by the two elastic claws when the two halves of the outer casing are joined together.
  • the tail cover 2 can be omitted at the same time and incorporated into the outer casing of the two halves. Therefore, it is not necessary to write the elastic cover structure on the tail cover 2 and the tail cover 2 as a necessary condition in claim 1, which can be understood and recognized by those skilled in the art.
  • the elastic clips are each formed by two elastic claws facing each other in a symmetrical arrangement.
  • the present invention is not limited to two in terms of the number of elastic claws, and may include two or more cases, such as three, four, five, etc., and the elastic claws may be disposed around the circumference of the needle core as well as to achieve the present invention. The purpose is to achieve the same technical effect. This is a variation that is easily understood by those skilled in the art.

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Abstract

一种缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器，包括外壳（1）、针芯（3）、弹簧（4）以及推发器（5），其特征在于：推发器（5）对应弹性爪（7）迎面设有斜面与直面的组合；斜面在后，直面在前；直面高于弹性爪（7）脱钩临界点位置，同时低于弹性爪（7）侧向张开的端位点位置；直面与外壳（1）之间设有占位空间（11）。使用时将采血器头部对准采血部位按压，推发器（5）相对外壳（1）向后移动，弹性爪（7）沿斜面爬升，弹性爪（7）侧向张开至脱钩临界点后针芯（3）在弹簧（4）作用下发射，接着弹性爪（7）滑移至直面，弹性爪（7）进入占位空间（11），此时在弹性夹持力作用下各弹性爪（7）夹持住推发器（5），并使推发器（5）伸出端相对外壳（1）头部处于缩进状态，其解决了采血器使用后头部不能缩进的问题，使用户容易识别使用前后采血器头部的外观形态。

Description

缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器 技术领域
本发明涉及医用采血器械领域，特别涉及一种自带弹射机构的头部按压式一次性使用的安全采血器(或称采血针)。该采血器使用后头部具有明显缩进，以区别使用前头部外观形态。
背景技术
在医用采血领域中，一次性采血器以其体积小、使用安全、操作方便为特色深受医护人员和病人欢迎，目前在各医疗机构以及糖尿病患者中大量使用。这种采血器自带弹射机构，结构紧凑，整体一次性使用，既安全又方便，因此具有较强的市场发展潜力。
中国专利CN2619583Y曾公告授权了一件名称为《自锁型一次性安全自动采血针》的实用新型专利。该专利给出了一种具有代表性的传统盖帽型头部按压式一次性采血器。其结构包含外壳、端盖、针芯、弹簧、推发器和盖帽。在装配状态下，端盖上设有一对弹性爪，该弹性爪利用卡钩和夹持力将针芯两侧的侧耳卡住；弹簧顶压在端盖与针芯之间；当采血器头部受到按压时，推发器向后移动通过斜面迎击两个弹性爪并迫使弹性爪张开，从而引发针芯脱钩并在弹簧的推动下产生射击穿刺。所谓盖帽型是指采血器头部采用盖帽的结构形式，即盖帽套装在采血器头部，盖帽上伸出一检测杆既可以用来检测针芯锁定状态又可以用于保护针尖。
中国专利CN205107692U公告授权了一件名称为《改进型头部按压式一次性采血器》的实用新型专利。该专利的附图1至附图4给出了一种具有代表性的传统扭帽型头部按压式一次性采血器。其基本结构以及工作原理与上述中国专利CN2619583Y类似，不同之处在于：采血器头部采用扭帽的结构形式，使用时先要拧转扭帽，使针芯与保护杆之间的颈部断裂，然后拔掉保护杆和扭帽。
上述两类头部按压式一次性采血器的核心结构均是弹射机构，即由端盖上的一对弹性爪、针芯上的一对侧耳、弹簧以及推发器上的斜面之间相互配合所形成的弹射机构。这种弹射机构，结构成熟，特点鲜明，但是从使用者用户体验的角度来看，由于采血时头部按压后完全回弹，因此仍存在一些不足：第一，从外观上无法识别使用前后的头部形态；第二，头部按压后完全回弹使得头部有反作用力作用于刚刚采完血的手指，没有明显的停顿，使用手感不好，用户体验不佳。
以往此类产品的设计更多的是关注采血效果，而现在随着技术的不断进步以及人们生活水平提高，此类产品设计的理念是：在保证采血效果的前提下，更多的关注用户体验，比如，第一，使用手感；第二，视觉感受；第三用户心理等。为此，如何更好和有效的解决上述问题是本发明研究的课题。
发明内容
鉴于以上现有技术存在的不足，本发明提供一种缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器，其目的是要解决上述采血器头部按压后完全回弹，不能缩进所带来的无法识别使用前头部外观形态以及无明显停顿使用手感差的问题。
为达到上述目的，本发明采用的技术方案是：一种缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器，包括外壳、针芯、弹簧以及推发器。
所述外壳内定位设有至少两个弹性爪，所有弹性爪共同形成一个弹性夹。
所述针芯被夹持在弹性夹中，弹簧顶压在针芯尾部并作用在针芯的弹射方向上，弹性夹利用各弹性爪末端的卡钩和夹持力将针芯卡夹住形成发射前锁定。
所述推发器头部从外壳前端伸出，推发器身体滑动连接在外壳中。
其创新在于：所述推发器对应各弹性爪均迎面设有一段第一斜面和一段第一直面。
第一直面在推发器轴线上的投影位于第一斜面在推发器轴线上的投影的前方。
第一直面与第一斜面的相交点至推发器轴线的距离大于弹性爪侧向张开脱钩的临界点至推发器轴线的距离，同时小于弹性爪侧向张开的端位点至推发器轴线的距离。
所述第一直面与外壳内壁之间留有弹性爪的占位空间。
在发射前锁定状态下，按压采血器头部的推发器伸出端时，推发器相对外壳向后移动，弹性爪沿第一斜面爬升，同时第一斜面迫使弹性爪侧向张开，当弹性爪侧向张开至脱钩临界点后针芯在弹簧作用下发射，接着弹性爪滑移至第一直面处，弹性爪末端处于占位空间中，此时在弹性夹持力作用下各弹性爪通过第一直面夹持住推发器，并使推发器伸出端相对外壳头部处于缩进状态。
上述技术方案的有关内容和变化解释如下：
1.上述方案中，所述“外壳”、“针芯”、“弹簧”和“推发器”的基本结构以及功能和作用均为现有技术。可以参见本发明背景技术所引用的技术内容。
2.上述方案中，所述“第一斜面”和“第二斜面”中的斜面包括平面、弧面或锥面，但不论如何均相对采血器轴线倾斜设置，从而构成斜面。换句话说，斜面具有平面形式的斜面、凹面形式的斜面(斜面在倾斜方向上由多段直线构成，在垂直倾斜方向上形成凹面或凸面，但本质还是斜面)、锥面形式的斜面和弧面形式的斜面(斜面在倾斜方向上由至少一段凹弧或/和凸弧构成，但本质还是斜面)四种类型。在本发明中任何一种均可适用，具体可根据实际情况来确定。其中，第一种是平面形式的斜面；第二种是凹面形式的斜面；第三种是锥面形式的斜面；第四种是弧面形式的斜面。
3.上述方案中，所述“前方”和“前端”中的“前”是指采血器中针尖所指方向。所述“向后”中的“后”是指“前”的反方向。
4.本发明缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器包含扭帽型和盖帽型两种结构。即本发明一次性采血器通常情况下设有保护帽，而保护帽的结构形式可以采用扭帽型或盖帽型。这并不影响实现本发明目的。
本发明的设计原理和构思是：为了使头部按压式一次性采血器使用后推发器伸出端相对外壳头部具有明显的缩进效果，本发明采用的技术措施是：第一，将推发器作用于弹性爪的驱动面由原来单纯的斜面改为斜面与直面的组合；第二，斜面与直面在推发器轴线上投影的位置关系是：斜面在后，直面在前；第三，直面在弹性爪侧向张开方向上的位置关系是：直面高于弹性爪脱钩临界点位置，同时低于弹性爪侧向张开的端位点位置；第四，直面与外壳内壁之间应具有弹性爪的占位空间。使用时手持采血器，将采血器头部对准采血部位按压，推发器相对外壳向后移动，弹性爪沿斜面爬升，同时弹性爪侧向张开，当张开至脱钩临界点后针芯在弹簧作用下发射，接着弹性爪滑移至直面，弹性爪末端处于占位空间中，此时在弹性夹持力作用下各弹性爪通过直面夹持住推发器，并使推发器伸出端相对外壳头部处于缩进状态。
由于上述技术方案的运用，本发明与现有技术相比具有以下优点和效果：
1.由于本发明解决了采血器使用后头部完全回弹，不能缩进的问题，因此可以让使用者容易识别使用前和使用后采血器头部的外观形态，明显提高了采血器产品使用状态的辨识度。
2.由于本发明采血器使用后推发器伸出端不会完全回弹，具有明显的缩进，因此在使用中用户可以明显地感受到停顿，操作者也可以明显地感受到停顿，使用手感好，用户体验佳。符合当今采血器产品注重使用手感、视觉感受以及用户心理等用户体验的设计理念。
3.本发明结构简单，构思巧妙，没有增加其他结构件，只要对原有模具进行改进即可实现，几乎没有增加成本，因此与现有技术相比具有突出的实质性特点和显著的进步。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例1缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器立体分解图；
图2为本发明实施例1缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器立体图；
图3为本发明实施例1尾盖立体图；
图4为图3中的局部放大图；
图5为本发明实施例1推发器立体图；
图6为图5中的局部放大图；
图7为本发明实施例1外观主视图；
图8为本发明实施例1初始装配状态剖视图；
图9为本发明实施例1卸除扭帽状态剖视图；
图10为本发明实施例1按压推发器头部状态剖视图；
图11为本发明实施例1采血后头部缩进状态剖视图；
图12为本发明实施例2缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器立体剖视图；
图13为图12中的局部放大图；
图14为本发明实施例2推发器立体图。
以上附图中的标号说明如下：
1.外壳；2.尾盖；3.针芯；4.弹簧；5.推发器；6.扭帽；7.弹性爪；8.第一斜面；9.卡钩；10.第一直面；11.占位空间；12.第二斜面；13.第二直面；14.肩部；15.第三斜面；16.爪尖。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图及实施例对本发明作进一步描述：
实施例1：一种缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器
如图1-图11所示，该一次性采血器由外壳1、尾盖2、针芯3、弹簧4、推发器5和扭帽6组成(见图1和图2)。
在装配状态下(见图8)，尾盖2盖在外壳1尾部端口处，尾盖2在外壳1内伸出两个面对面对称布置的弹性爪7，这两个弹性爪7共同形成一个弹性夹。所述针芯3被夹持在弹性夹中，弹簧4顶压在针芯3尾部并作用在针芯3的弹射方向上，弹性夹利用各弹性爪7末端的卡钩9和夹持力将针芯3卡夹住形成发射前锁定。所述推发器5头部从外壳1前端伸出，推发器5身体滑动连接在外壳1中。扭帽6套装在推发器5头部，扭帽6上的保护套套在针芯3头部的保护杆上。
本实施例以上内容均为现有技术，本发明的创新在于：
(1)所述推发器5对应各弹性爪7均迎面设有一段第一斜面8和一段第一直面10(见图5和图6)。
(2)第一直面10在推发器5轴线上的投影位于第一斜面8在推发器5轴线上的投影的前方。所谓前方是指采血器针尖所指的方向。这一要求是为了保证第一斜面8与第一直面10在推发器5轴线上投影的位置关系，即第一斜面8在后，而第一直面10在前。
(3)第一直面10与第一斜面8的相交点至推发器5轴线的距离大于弹性爪7侧向张开脱钩的临界点至推发器5轴线的距离，同时小于弹性爪7侧向张开的端位点至推发器5轴线的距离。这一要求是为了保证第一直面10在弹性爪7侧向张开方向上的位置关系，即第一直面10高于弹性爪7脱钩临界点位置，同时低于弹性爪7侧向张开的端位点位置.
(4)所述第一直面10与外壳1内壁之间留有弹性爪7的占位空间11。这一要求是为了保证第一直面10与外壳1内壁之间具有足够的占位空间让弹性爪7的末端能够不受防碍的运 动到此处。
(5)在发射前锁定状态下，按压采血器头部的推发器5伸出端时，推发器5相对外壳1向后移动，弹性爪7沿第一斜面8爬升，同时第一斜面8迫使弹性爪7侧向张开，当弹性爪7侧向张开至脱钩临界点后针芯3在弹簧4作用下发射，接着弹性爪7滑移至第一直面10处，弹性爪7末端处于占位空间11中，此时在弹性夹持力作用下各弹性爪7通过第一直面10夹持住推发器5，并使推发器5伸出端相对外壳1头部处于缩进状态。
(6)为了使弹性爪7能够更好地与第一斜面8和第一直面10配合，所述弹性爪7对应第一斜面8设有一段第二斜面12，弹性爪7对应第一直面10设有一段第二直面13(见图3和图4)。弹性爪7沿第一斜面8爬升时第二斜面12与第一斜面8滑动接触，弹性爪7滑移至第一直面10时第二直面13与第一直面10接触。当然，也可以将弹性爪7对应第一斜面8和第一直面10均设有弧面，用该弧面来第一斜面8和第一直面10配合。
(7)所述第一直面10可以平行于推发器5轴线，但为了阻止弹性爪7滑脱，还可以将所述第一直面10相对于推发器5轴线设计成具有一反向倾斜角度，该反向倾斜角度在弹性夹持力作用下能够阻止弹性爪7滑脱第一直面10。另外，还可以在所述第一直面10上设有扣体，对应该扣体在弹性爪7上设有钩体，当弹性爪7滑移至第一直面10时弹性爪7上的钩体与第一直面10上的扣体配合，从而阻止弹性爪7滑脱第一直面10。
本实施例使用时动作过程如下：
(1)初始装配状态
如图8所示，整个采血器由外壳1、尾盖2、针芯3、弹簧4、推发器5和扭帽6构成，其中，弹簧4处于预压状态，针芯3处于发射前锁定状态，采血器设有扭帽6(保护帽)。
(2)卸除扭帽状态
如图9所示，一只手握持采血器外壳1，另一只手扭转并拨除扭帽6。
(3)按压发射状态
如图10和图11所示，将采血器头部的推发器5伸出端对准采血部位按压，推发器5相对外壳1向后移动，弹性爪7沿第一斜面8爬升，同时第一斜面8迫使弹性爪7侧向张开(见图10)，当弹性爪7侧向张开至脱钩临界点后针芯3在弹簧4作用下发射，接着弹性爪7滑移至第一直面10处，弹性爪7末端处于占位空间11中，此时在弹性夹持力作用下各弹性爪7通过第一直面10夹持住推发器5，并使推发器5伸出端相对外壳1头部处于缩进状态(见图11)。
实施例2：缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器
如图12-14所示，该一次性采血器由外壳1、尾盖2、针芯3、弹簧4、推发器5和扭帽6组成(见图1 2)。
本实施例与实施例1的不同之处在于：第一，第一斜面8和第一直面10在推发器5上所设的位置有所不同。在实施例1中，第一斜面8和第一直面10设在实施例2图14的第三斜面15处，而实施例2中，第一斜面8和第一直面10所设位置见图14所示。第二，在实施例1中，第一斜面8和第一直面10是与弹性爪7的爪尖16配合，而实施例2中，第一斜面8和第一直面10是与弹性爪7的肩部14配合。第三，在实施例2中，仍保留弹性爪7的爪尖16与第三斜面15的配合关系。从推发器5伸出端在使用后缩进的效果来看，实施例1与实施例2完全相同。
本实施例其他结构和原理与实施例1相同，可以参见实施例1相关内容，这里不再重复描述。
下面针对本发明的其他实施情况以及变化作如下说明：
1.以上两个实施例尽管给出的是扭帽型头部按压式一次性采血器，但本发明不局限于此，也适用于盖帽型头部按压式一次性采血器。扭帽和盖帽是采血器保护帽的两种形式，但这两种形式与本发明的创新点无关，这是本领域技术人员能够理解和认知的情况。
2.在以上两个实施例中，由两个弹性爪7共同形成的一个弹性夹都是从尾盖2内端面延伸出的延伸结构。但本发明不局限于此，弹性夹可以直接由外壳1延伸形成。比如将外壳1设计成上下两半拼合而成，每半个外壳中延伸出一个弹性爪，当外壳两半拼合后两个弹性爪共同形成的一个弹性夹。此时，可以同时将尾盖2省去，合并到两半型的外壳中。所以，在权利要求1中没有将尾盖2以及尾盖2上延伸设有弹性爪结构写为必要条件，这是本领域技术人员能够理解和认知的情况。
3.在以上两个实施例中，弹性夹均由两个弹性爪面对面对称布置共同形成。但本发明在弹性爪的数量方面并非局限于两个，可以包含两个以上的情况，比如三个、四个、五个等，这些弹性爪可以围绕针芯周围布置也同样能够达到本发明的目的，实现相同的技术效果。这是本领域技术人员容易理解的变化情况。
上述实施例只为说明本发明的技术构思及特点，其目的在于让熟悉此项技术的人士能够了解本发明的内容并据以实施，并不能以此限制本发明的保护范围。凡根据本发明精神实质所作的等效变化或修饰，都应涵盖在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (5)

  1. 一种缩进型头部按压式一次性采血器，包括外壳(1)、针芯(3)、弹簧(4)以及推发器(5)；
    所述外壳(1)内定位设有至少两个弹性爪(7)，所有弹性爪(7)共同形成一个弹性夹；所述针芯(3)被夹持在弹性夹中，弹簧(4)顶压在针芯(3)尾部并作用在针芯(3)的弹射方向上，弹性夹利用各弹性爪(7)末端的卡钩(9)和夹持力将针芯(3)卡夹住形成发射前锁定；
    所述推发器(5)头部从外壳(1)前端伸出，推发器(5)身体滑动连接在外壳(1)中；其特征在于：所述推发器(5)对应各弹性爪(7)均迎面设有一段第一斜面(8)和一段第一直面(10)；
    第一直面(10)在推发器(5)轴线上的投影位于第一斜面(8)在推发器(5)轴线上的投影的前方；
    第一直面(10)与第一斜面(8)的相交点至推发器(5)轴线的距离大于弹性爪(7)侧向张开脱钩的临界点至推发器(5)轴线的距离，同时小于弹性爪(7)侧向张开的端位点至推发器(5)轴线的距离；
    所述第一直面(10)与外壳(1)内壁之间留有弹性爪(7)的占位空间(11)；
    在发射前锁定状态下，按压采血器头部的推发器(5)伸出端时，推发器(5)相对外壳(1)向后移动，弹性爪(7)沿第一斜面(8)爬升，同时第一斜面(8)迫使弹性爪(7)侧向张开，当弹性爪(7)侧向张开至脱钩临界点后针芯(3)在弹簧(4)作用下发射，接着弹性爪(7)滑移至第一直面(10)处，弹性爪(7)末端处于占位空间(11)中，此时在弹性夹持力作用下各弹性爪(7)通过第一直面(10)夹持住推发器(5)，并使推发器(5)伸出端相对外壳(1)头部处于缩进状态。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的采血器，其特征在于：所述弹性爪(7)对应第一斜面(8)设有一段第二斜面(12)，弹性爪(7)对应第一直面(10)设有一段第二直面(13)；弹性爪(7)沿第一斜面(8)爬升时第二斜面(12)与第一斜面(8)滑动接触，弹性爪(7)滑移至第一直面(10)时第二直面(13)与第一直面(10)接触。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的采血器，其特征在于：所述弹性爪(7)对应第一斜面(8)和第一直面(10)均设有弧面。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的采血器，其特征在于：所述第一直面(10)相对于推发器(5)轴线具有一反向倾斜角度，该反向倾斜角度在弹性夹持力作用下能够阻止弹性爪(7)滑脱第一直面(10)。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的采血器，其特征在于：所述第一直面(10)上设有扣体，对应该扣体在弹性爪(7)上设有钩体，当弹性爪(7)滑移至第一直面(10)时弹性爪(7)上的钩体与第一直面(10)上的扣体配合，从而阻止弹性爪(7)滑脱第一直面(10)。
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