WO2018035586A1 - Moteur thermique à cycle différentiel comprenant quatre processus isobares, quatre processus isochores avec régénérateur et un processus de contrôle pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur thermique - Google Patents

Moteur thermique à cycle différentiel comprenant quatre processus isobares, quatre processus isochores avec régénérateur et un processus de contrôle pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur thermique Download PDF

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WO2018035586A1
WO2018035586A1 PCT/BR2017/000095 BR2017000095W WO2018035586A1 WO 2018035586 A1 WO2018035586 A1 WO 2018035586A1 BR 2017000095 W BR2017000095 W BR 2017000095W WO 2018035586 A1 WO2018035586 A1 WO 2018035586A1
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cycle
processes
thermodynamic
temperature
engine
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PCT/BR2017/000095
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English (en)
Portuguese (pt)
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Marno Iockheck
LUIS Mauro MOURA
Saulo Finco
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Associação Paranaense De Cultura - Apc
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Publication of WO2018035586A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018035586A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B41/00—Engines characterised by special means for improving conversion of heat or pressure energy into mechanical power
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/045—Controlling
    • F02G1/047—Controlling by varying the heating or cooling
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02G—HOT GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT ENGINE PLANTS; USE OF WASTE HEAT OF COMBUSTION ENGINES; NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F02G1/00—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants
    • F02G1/04—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type
    • F02G1/043—Hot gas positive-displacement engine plants of closed-cycle type the engine being operated by expansion and contraction of a mass of working gas which is heated and cooled in one of a plurality of constantly communicating expansible chambers, e.g. Stirling cycle type engines
    • F02G1/053—Component parts or details
    • F02G1/055—Heaters or coolers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a thermal motor and its eight-process thermodynamic cycle, more specifically a thermal machine characterized by two interconnected thermodynamic subsystems, each operating a four-process but interdependent thermodynamic cycle. If, forming a complex cycle of eight processes, operates with gas, the circuit of the binary system is closed in differential configuration, based on the concept of hybrid thermodynamic system or can also be called binary thermodynamic system, this system performs a thermodynamic cycle composed of eight processes so that it performs at any given moment of the cycle, two simultaneous and interdependent complementary processes, four of which are isobaric and four isochoric processes with variable mass transfer, which may be null or partial.
  • thermodynamics defines three concepts of thermodynamic systems, the open thermodynamic system, the closed thermodynamic system and the isolated thermodynamic system. These three concepts of thermodynamic systems were conceptualized in the nineteenth century in the early days of the creation of the laws of thermodynamics and underlie all motor cycles known to date.
  • thermodynamic system is defined as a system in which neither matter nor energy passes through it. Therefore, this concept of thermodynamic system does not offer properties that allow the development of motors.
  • the open thermodynamic system is defined as a system where energy and matter can enter and leave this system.
  • Examples of an open thermodynamic system are the Cycle Otto, Cycle Atk ⁇ nson, Otto-cycle, Diesel-cycle, Sabathe-cycle, Otto-cycle, Brayton-internal-combustion, Rankine-exhaust, exhaust-cycle, internal-combustion engines from steam to the environment.
  • the matter that enters these systems are fuels and working oxygen or working fluid or working gas.
  • the energy that enters these systems is heat.
  • the matter that comes out of these systems is the exhaust from combustion or working fluid, gases, waste, the energy that comes out of these systems is the mechanical working energy and part of the heat dissipated.
  • the closed thermodynamic system is defined as a thermodynamic system in which only energy can enter and leave this system.
  • Examples of a closed thermodynamic system are external combustion engines such as Stirltng cycle, Ericsson cycle, Rankine cycle with closed circuit working fluid, Giclo Brayton heat or external combustion, Carnot cycle.
  • the energy that enters this system is heat.
  • the energy that comes out of this system is the mechanical working energy and part of the heat dissipated, but no matter comes out of these systems, as they occur in the open system.
  • thermodynamic cycles composed of a series of sequential and independent processes, and a single process occurs at a time until the cycle completes, as can be seen from the pressure / volume graph in figure 2. So are the Otto, Atkinson T Diesel, Sabathe, Brayton, Rankine, Stirling, Ericsson cycle engines, and Carnot's ideal theoretical cycle.
  • Equation (a) (U) represents the internal energy in "Joule”, (n) represents the number of moi, (R) represents the universal constant of perfect gases, (7) represents the gas temperature in "Kelvin” and (y) represents the adiabatic coefficient of expansion,
  • the current state of the art comprises a series of motors of Internal combustion and external combustion, most of these engines require a second auxiliary engine to get them started, in operation.
  • Internal combustion engines require compression, mixing fuel with oxygen, and a spark or pressure combustion, so a normally electric auxiliary starter motor is used.
  • External combustion engines such as the Stirling or Ericsson cycle in turn also require high power auxiliary engines, as they must overcome the resting state under pressure to start operating.
  • One exception is the Rankine cycle engine, which can start via the camshaft to provide the steam pressure to the motive power elements.
  • the state of the art comprises a series of engines, most of them dependent on very specific and special conditions to operate, for example, internal combustion engines, each requiring its own specific fuel, fine control of fuel, oxygen and time of operation. combustion and in some cases require specific conditions including pressure, fuel flexibility is quite limited.
  • the most flexible engine is the Rankine cycle, external combustion or Stirling, also external combustion, these are more flexible in their source.
  • the current state of the art comprises a series of engine cycles, most of which require combustion, that is, the burning of some type of fuel, and therefore the need for oxygen.
  • the current state of the art comprises a series of cycle engines, most of which require high operating temperatures, especially internal combustion engines, usually operating with working gas at temperatures above 1500 ° C.
  • External combustion engines or engines operating from external heat sources such as Rankine and Stirling cycle engines, are typically designed to operate at working gas temperatures between 400 ° C and 800 ° C.
  • Rankine and Stirling cycle engines are typically designed to operate at working gas temperatures between 400 ° C and 800 ° C.
  • motors based on open and closed systems they often require high temperatures to operate, all of them have their efficiencies limited to Carnot's theorem, that is, their maximum efficiencies depend on temperatures as defined by equation (b).
  • the current state of the art based on open and closed systems, comprises basically six motor cycles and some versions thereof: the Atkinson cycle Otto cycle, similar to the Sabathe cycle Diesel cycle Otto cycle, similar to the cycle.
  • Brayton, Rankine, Stirling cycle, Ericsson cycle and Carnot cycle diesel ideal theoretical reference for open and closed engine based engines.
  • the latest innovations in the current state of the art are being presented through innovations by joining more than one old cycle forming combined cycles, ie: new engine systems composed of a Brayton cycle machine operating on fossil fuels, gas or ether. is a heat dependent Rankine cycling machine rejected by the Brayton cycling machine.
  • combining a diesel engine with a Rankine cycle engine or an Otto cycle engine also joining it with a Rankine cycle engine.
  • the Carnot Engine is not found in practical use because the actual materials do not possess the properties required to make the Carnot Engine a reality, the physical dimensions for the Carnot Cycle. If it were to be performed as in theory, it would be unfeasible in a practical case, so it is an ideal Engine in open system and closed system concepts, but in the theoretical concept.
  • thermodynamic formed by two isothermal processes of two adiabatic processes United States Patent "PCT / BR2014 / 000381" defined as "Differential Thermal Machine with Eight Thermodynamic Transformation Cycle and Control Process” which consists of two subsystems and operates a thermodynamic cycle formed by four isothermal processes. four adiabatic processes. These references differ from the present invention as to the thermodynamic processes that form their cycles, each cycle gives the engine its own characteristics.
  • the concept of hybrid or binary thermodynamic system provides the basis for the development of a new family of thermal motors. Each motor will have its own characteristics according to the processes and phases that constitute its respective thermodynamic cycles, such as the Otto motor and the motor.
  • Diesel engines are engines based on the open thermodynamic internal combustion system, but they constitute distinct engines and what distinguishes them are details of their thermodynamic cycles
  • the Otto engine cycle is basically constituted by an adiabatic compression process, an isocoric combustion process, a adiabatic expansion process and an isocoric exhaust process
  • the diesel engine cycle consists of an adiabatic compression process, an isobaric combustion process, an adiabatic expansion process and an isocoric exhaust process, so they differ in only one process that make up your loops, enough to check laugh at each, specific and different properties and uses.
  • the hybrid or binary system concept provides the basis for a new family of thermal motors consisting of two subsystems and these will operate with so-called differential cycles consisting of processes where two simultaneous processes will always occur, each having its own particularities which will characterize each of the cycles. -motors.
  • the aim of the invention is to eliminate some of the existing problems and minimize other problems, but the major objective was to develop new motor cycles based on a new thermodynamic system concept so that the efficiency of the motors would not be more dependent. temperatures only and whose energy sources could be diversified and which would allow the design of engines for environments even without air (oxygen).
  • the characteristic hybrid or binary system concept that underlies this invention eliminates the dependence of efficiency exclusively on temperature, the efficiency of any thermal machine depends on its potentials and their potential differentials, while open and closed systems generate potentials where the mass of the gas is constant and for this reason they cancel out in the equations, hybrid or binary systems the mass is not necessarily constant, so no they get tired and their efficiencies depend on the potentials from which the driving force originates, that is, the pressures.
  • the hybrid system concept provides dependent potentials, proportional to the product of the working gas mass at temperature, as in the hybrid system, unlike the open and closed systems, the mass is variable, its efficiency becomes a non-exclusive function of temperature. but dependent on mass and for a differential cycle motor composed of four isobaric processes, four regenerative isocoric processes, the efficiency is demonstrated as presented in equation (c) and figure 4.
  • thermodynamic cycles Otto, Atkinson, Diesel, Sabathe, Brayton, Stirling, Ericsson, Rankine and the Carnot cycle perform a single process at a time sequentially, as shown in Figure 2, referenced to the mechanical cycle of the force elements. driving, its control is a direct function of the power supply, in turn, the differential cycles of the hybrid or binary system, perform two processes at a time, figure 5, enabling the control of the thermodynamic cycle separated from the mechanical cycle, the cycle. can be modulated and thus the mechanical cycle becomes a consequence of the thermodynamic cycle and not the other way around.
  • Differential cycle motors are characterized by having two subsystems forming a hybrid or binary system, represented by (21 and 23) of Figure 4, each subsystem executes a cycle referenced to the other subsystem in order to always perform two simultaneous processes. and interdependent. Otherwise, considering a hybrid or binary system with properties of both open and closed systems simultaneously, it is said that the system performs a composite thermodynamic cycle, Figure 5, that is, it always performs two simultaneous processes (26 and 27). Figure 5, interdependent, including mass transfer. Therefore they are completely different motors and cycles from motors and cycles based on open or closed systems. Figure 6 shows the relationship between the hybrid or binary system and the differential thermodynamic cycle.
  • thermodynamic system The concept of hybrid thermodynamic system is new, characterized by a binary system, formed by two interdependent subsystems and between them there is exchange of matter and energy and both supply out of their limits, energy in the form of work and part of heat-dissipated energy.
  • This thermodynamic system was created in the 21st century and offers new possibilities for the development of thermal motors.
  • the present invention brings important developments for the conversion of thermal energy to mechanical either for use in power generation or other use as mechanical force for movement and traction.
  • the differential cycle engine based on the hybrid or binary system concept may be constructed from materials and techniques similar to conventional and Stirling cycle engines, as it is a closed-loop gas engine considering the system.
  • the complete system is formed by two thermodynamic subsystems 31 and 37, forming a binary or hybrid thermodynamic system, each subsystem is formed by a chamber 33 and 35 containing working gas and each of these are formed by three sub-chambers, one heated, 33 with 317 and 35 with 42, one cold, 33 with 41 and 35 with 318, and one isolated, 33 with 32 and 35 with 36, or in some cases, nonexistent, connected to these two chambers is a driving force element, 312, each subsystem having a regenerator, 310 and 314, can be either active or passive, between the subsystems there is a mass transfer element, 34 so the subsystems are open to each other, between the complete system and the external environment, these two subsystems are considered closed.
  • Conversion chambers items that characterize the hybrid or binary system, may be constructed of various materials, depending on design temperatures, working gas used, pressures involved, environment and operating conditions. These chambers each have three sub-chambers and these must be designed keeping in mind the requirement of thermal insulation with each other to minimize the flow of energy from hot to cold areas, this condition is important for the overall efficiency! of system. These chambers have internal elements that move the working gas between the hot, cold, and insulated sub chambers where they exist, these elements can be of various geometric shapes, depending on the requirement and design parameters, could for example be in shape. discs in cylindrical or other form allowing the working gas to be controlled in a controlled manner between the sub chambers.
  • the mass transfer element 34 interconnects the two chambers 33 and 35, this element is responsible for the transfer of part of the working gas mass between the chambers that occurs at a specific time during isochoric processes.
  • This element may be designed in various ways depending on the requirements of the project, may operate by simple pressure difference, this is valve shaped, or may operate in a forced manner, for example turbine, piston shaped or in another geometric shape allowing it to perform the mass transfer of part of the working gas.
  • active regenerators 310 and 314 operate with a specific working gas and this gas stores the energy of the engine gas during isocoric temperature lowering processes through internal expansion and regenerates, ie returns this energy to engine gas during isocoric processes of temperature rise through compression.
  • This regenerator is called an active regenerator because it performs its regeneration process dynamically through moving mechanical elements and its own working gas, unlike known passive regenerators, which operate by thermal exchange between the gas and a static element, operant by conduction of heat enters the gas your body. Where the use of a passive regenerator is considered in the project, it usually operates with conduction heat exchange between the working gas and the elements that form the regenerator. Passive regenerators do not use gas and moving elements.
  • the driving force element, 312 is responsible for performing the work. mechanical and make it available for use.
  • This driving force element operates by the working gas forces of the engine, this element may be designed in various ways, depending on the design requirements, may for example be turbine shaped, cylinder piston shaped, connecting rods, crankshafts, in the form of a diaphragm or otherwise permitting work to be performed from gas forces during thermodynamic conversions.
  • Figure 1 represents the concept of open thermodynamic system and the concept of closed thermodynamic system
  • Figure 2 represents the characteristic of all thermodynamic cycles based on open and closed systems
  • FIG 3 shows the original idea of the Camot thermal machine, conceptualized in 1824 by Nicolas Sadi Camot;
  • Figure 4 represents the concept of hybrid or binary thermodynamic system
  • Figure 5 represents the characteristic of differential thermodynamic cycles based on hybrid or binary system
  • Figure 6 shows the hybrid or binary thermodynamic system and a differential thermodynamic cycle and the detail of the two simultaneously occurring thermodynamic processes
  • Figure 7 shows the mechanical model consisting of the two thermodynamic subsystems that form a thermal motor under the concept of hybrid or binary system and its active regenerator;
  • Figure 8 shows the motor indicating the phase at which one of the regenerators, element 310, equalizes its temperature to the hot source temperature
  • Figure 9 shows the motor indicating the phase at which the second regenerator, element 314, equalizes its temperature with the temperature of the hot source
  • Figure 10 shows one of the subsystems, group 31, performing the high temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle and the second subsystem, group 37, performing the low temperature isobaric process of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 11 shows one of the subsystems, group 31, performing the isocoric temperature lowering process of the thermodynamic cycle and the second subsystem, group 37, performing the isocoric temperature raising process of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 12 shows in turn the first subsystem group 31 performing its low temperature isobaric thermodynamic cycle process and the second subsystem group 37 performing the isobaric process high temperature of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 13 shows the first subsystem, group 31, performing the isocoric temperature raising process of the thermodynamic cycle and the second subsystem, group 37, performing the isocoric process of temperature lowering of the thermodynamic cycle;
  • Figure 14 shows the ideal thermodynamic cycle of the active regenerator
  • FIG. 15 shows the detail of the thermodynamic cycle of one of the subsystems and the thermodynamic cycle in the heat transfer process for its respective active regenerator
  • FIG 16 shows the detail of the thermodynamic cycle of one of the subsystems and the thermodynamic cycle in the process of the regeneration of the chore by its respective active regenerator
  • Figure 17 shows the ideal differential thermodynamic cycle composed of two high temperature isobaric processes, two low temperature isobaric processes two isocoric temperature lowering processes, caior transfer, two isocoric temperature raising processes, heat regeneration, and the thermodynamic processes of the active regenerator;
  • Figure 18 shows an example of motor application for an electricity generating plant having geothermal energy as its primary source
  • Figure 19 shows an example of motor application for an electricity generating plant having thermosolar energy as its primary source
  • Figure 20 shows an example of differential cycle engine application for a combined system design, forming a combined cycle with an open system internal combustion engine.
  • thermodynamic system hybrid or it can also be called binary thermodynamic system because it has two interdependent thermodynamic subsystems which each perform a interacting thermodynamic cycle and can exchange heat, work and mass as depicted in figure 4.
  • thermodynamic system hybrid or it can also be called binary thermodynamic system because it has two interdependent thermodynamic subsystems which each perform a interacting thermodynamic cycle and can exchange heat, work and mass as depicted in figure 4.
  • Figure 4 shows the hybrid or binary system composed of two subsystems indicated by 21 and 23.
  • FIG. 6 shows again the hybrid or binary thermodynamic system and the differential thermodynamic cycle, detailing in this case the processes that when in one of the subsystems, at time (t1) the cycle operates with mass (m1), number mol (n1) and temperature (Tq), at the same time, simultaneously, in the other subsystem, the cycle operates with mass (m2), number of moi (n2), temperature (Tf).
  • Figure 7 shows the engine model based on the hybrid system. or binary, containing two subsystems indicated by 31 and 37.
  • Each subsystem has its thermomechanical conversion chamber, 33 and 35, a driving force element, 312, an active regenerator, 310 and 314, its transmission shafts, respectively, 38, 39, 311 and 313, 315, 316.
  • Linking the subsystems for mass transfer processes is a mass transfer element 34.
  • Figure 8 and Figure 9 show the process responsible for generating the initial operating state of the regenerators 310 and 314.
  • the regenerators are both equalized with the hot source temperature.
  • Tq In Figure 8, while one of the subsystems, 31, performs its alpha temperature isobaric process, its respective regenerator is mechanically pressurized through transmissions 38, 39 and 311, equalizing with the gas temperature of subsystem 31 in (Tq), shown in the graph of figure 14 in the path indicated in 71.
  • Figures 10, 11, 12 and 13 show how mechanically the eight processes, four isobaric and four isochoric with mass transfer and heat regeneration occur.
  • subsystem 31 exposes working gas to the hot source at the temperature (Tq) indicated at 317, this subsystem performs the high temperature isobaric process and simultaneously the subsystem indicated by 37 exposes working gas to the cold source. , at the temperature (Tf) indicated at 318, and at this time simultaneously, this subsystem performs the low temperature isobaric process.
  • Tq temperature
  • Tf temperature
  • FIG. 12 shows the temperature isobaric processes.
  • the gas is exposed to a thermally insulated region, indicated by 32, the gas, initially at the hot temperature (Tq), yields heat to the regenerator 310 which starts from the hot state, expands the internal gas until it withdraws heat from the working gas and its own, until it reaches a cold temperature (Tf) by expanding the gas, transferring the energy to its energy axis.
  • Tq hot temperature
  • Tf cold temperature
  • subsystem 37 receives part of the working gas mass of subsystem 31, and heat regeneration of regenerator 314 occurs simultaneously. moving the cold temperature gas (Tf) to a warmer temperature at which the high temperature isobaric process is initiated by pressurizing the regenerator internal gas by the mechanical energy in the axes obtained in the expansion process, ending the isochoric regeneration process. . And subsystem 37 has a larger mass than subsystem 31.
  • the graph in figure 14 clarifies how the active regenerator works, the curve indicated by 71 shows the initial process for conditioning regenerator operability, the curve indicated by 72 shows the regenerator process in operation with the motor cycle, occurs. alternately and sequentially the heat transfer from the engine gas to the regenerator, from the hot temperature (Tq) to the temperature (Tf) and regeneration when the process occurs in reverse, from the temperature (Tf) to the temperature (Tq). ). These processes always occur during the engine cycle isocoric.
  • Curve 71 of Fig. 14 is an adiabatic process and its unit energy (Joule) is represented by the following expression:
  • This energy (W 71 ) is the internal energy of the regenerator's own gas that remains internally for as long as the engine will be running.
  • Curve 72 of Figure 14 is also an adiabatic process and its unit energy (Joule) is represented by the following expression:
  • the first term of energy is the internal energy of the gas itself shown by and remains indefinitely in the regenerator
  • thermodynamic process of curve 72 of FIG. 14 takes place under the conditions shown in the mechanical drawings of FIGS. 11 and 13.
  • FIG. 15 shows in 73 the processes that form the cycle of one of the subsystems.
  • Process (bc) of the cycle shown at 73 is isochoric and starts at point (b) at constant volume at warm temperature (Tq) with (n1) mol of gas and proceeds to point (c), transferring part of the mass of gas, equivalent to (n1 -n2) mol of gas to the other subsystem and transferring its heat (energy) to the regenerator, reaching point (c) at a colder temperature of onset of the isobaric process (Tc) and with (n2) mol of gas.
  • Graph 75 shows the process in which the regenerator removes heat from the subsystem gas by expanding the internal gas from the active regenerator.
  • Fig. 16 shows at 77, simultaneously with the cycle shown in Fig. 15, the processes that form the cycle of the other subsystem comprising the motor concept formed by two interdependent subsystems.
  • the isochoric process (bc) shown in figure 15 in the first subsystem is of gas temperature lowering, its energy is transferred to the active regenerator, Simultaneously occurs in the second subsystem an isochoric process (4-1) of temperature growth, shown in Figure 16, the gas mass equivalent to (n1 - n2) mol of gas of the first subsystem is transferred from point (b), shown at 73 for the second subsystem, indicated in detail 78, figure 16, which initiates this isochoric process with (n2) mol of gas at (4) and arrives at (1) with (n1) moi of gas at a temperature warmer (11) received from the stored energy of the active regenerator, whose process curve is indicated at 76.
  • Figure 17 shows the complete eight-process ideal engine differential cycle based on the concept of hybrid or binary thermodynamic system, where two simultaneous engine processes always occur, exemplified by indications 86 and 88, until the cycle is formed. of eight processes and two process cycles in each of the two active regenerators.
  • the sequence (1-2-3-4-1) shows the processes of one of the subsystems that form the engine cycle
  • the sequence (abcda) shows the processes of the other subsystem
  • 83 shows the processes of the other active regenerator, all interdependent.
  • Process (bc) is isocoric of temperature lowering, occurs simultaneously with process (4-1), also isochoric, but of temperature increase, in process (bc) occurs the heat transfer (energy) of the engine gas to the regenerator shown at 83, in an adiabatic process indicated by curve 89, simultaneously in process (4-1), heat (energy) regeneration occurs for the engine gas received from the regenerator shown in 81, also in an adiabatic process indicated by curve 84 , simultaneously simultaneously, during the isochoric processes of the engine eid and adiabatic processes of the active regenerators, mass transfer occurs »leaving (n1 - n2) mol of gas in process (bc) to the other subsystem during the isochoric process (4-1), shown in detail 78 in the curve of graph 77 in figure 16.
  • Processes (2-3) and (da) are identical to processes (bc) and (4-1).
  • Process (cd) is low temperature isobaric and occurs concurrently with adiabatic, high temperature isobaric process (1-2).
  • the sum of the working gas mass of the two subsystems forming the engine is always constant,
  • isobaric processes of the engine cycle (1-2), (ab), (3-4) and (cd) are performed with the gas confined in a geometry characterized by a thermal inertia. wherein the gas has a rate of change of temperature such that it tends to equalize with hot or cold elements only at the end of these processes, making the pressure relatively stable, that is, isobaric.
  • This geometry shall be characterized by a depth not too small for the penetration of heat into the gas, or a gas displacement between the hot and cold elements not too fast to produce a rate of change in temperature throughout the isobaric process. that the pressure has a constant behavior.
  • the isochoric processes of the engine cycle (2-3) and (bc) are performed with the gas in a thermally insulated region or in the transition between the hot and cold areas of the engine, and in this process the regenerator in thermal contact with the gas. will perform rapid adiabatic expansion by transferring the energy of the gas to the mechanical elements of the regenerator, storing the energy in the form of kinetic energy, and in the isocoric processes of the motor cycle (4-1) and (da) are also performed with gas in a thermally insulated region or in the transition between hot and cold areas of the engine, and in this process the regenerator in thermal contact with the working gas will perform rapid adiabatic compression, transferring the kinetic energy of its elements back to the gas. engine raising its temperature, completing the regeneration.
  • Table 1 shows process-by-process forming the differential cycle of eight thermal motor processes shown step by step, with four isobaric processes, four isochoric processes, and the thermodynamic cycle with two active regenerator adiabatic processes and transfer steps. pasta.
  • This differentiated cycle of a motor composed of two subsystems based on the concept of hybrid or binary system, whose pressure and volume curve is shown in figure 17, has eight processes, two high temperature isobaric processes of energy input in the In the system, curves (1-2) and (ab) are represented by expressions (f) and ⁇ g ⁇ , two low temperature isobaric processes of discarding unused energy, curves (3-4) and (cd) represented by expressions. (h) and (i), two isochoric processes of transfer of caior (2-3) and (bc) by means of an active regenerator, represented by the expressions (j) and (k), two isocoric processes of heat regeneration ( 4-1) and (da), represented by the expressions (I) and (m). Expressions consider the direction signal of the flow of energies.
  • Hybrid or binary also have as a parameter of efficiency the number of moles or mass in the processes and therefore these cycles do not have their efficiencies solely dependent on temperatures.
  • Hybrid or torque based differential cycle motors operate on heat, do not require combustion, although they can be used, do not require fuel combustion, although they can be used, so they can operate in environments with or without atmosphere.
  • the thermodynamic cycle does not require physical phase change of the working gas. Due to their properties set forth in this description, differential cycling motors can be designed to operate over a wide temperature range, superior to most existing open or closed system based motor cycles. Differential cycle motors are fully flexible in terms of their energy source (heat).
  • Figure 18 shows an application for the use of differential cycle motors for power generation from geothermal sources.
  • Figure 18 shows a ground heat transfer system 96 for a manifold 94, formed basically by a pump 97 that injects a fluid, usually water, through the duct 93.
  • the heat in the collector 94 is transferred to the differential motor 91 , which discards part of the energy to the outside through the heat exchanger 95 and converts another part of the energy into work by operating a generator 92 or so. produces electricity,
  • FIG 19 shows another useful application for the differential cycling motor for producing heat from the sun's heat.
  • the sun's rays are cofected through the concentrator 103, the energy (heat) is transferred to the element 104 which directs the heat to the differential cycle motor 101, which converts part of the energy into useful work to operate an electricity generator. , part of the energy is discharged to the external environment through the exchanger 105.
  • Figure 20 shows another useful application for differential cycle motor. to improve the efficiency of internal combustion engines by forming combined cycles with these.
  • the exhaust-rejected heat 116 of internal combustion engines, indicated by 112, fuel-fed engines 117, Brayton cycle, Diesel cycle, Sabathe cycle, cicio Otto, Atk ⁇ nson cycle, is channeled to the input of energy (heat). of the differential cycle engine 111 via a heat exchanger 113 promoting a heat flow 1111 from the internal combustion engine 112 towards the differential cycling engine 111 and this converts part of this energy into useful mechanical force 1113 which can be integrated with the mechanical force of the internal combustion engine, 1112 generating a single mechanical force, 118, or directed to produce electrical energy.
  • Discarding energy not converted by the differential cycle engine goes to the external medium indicated by 1110. This application allows you to recover some of the energy that internal combustion engine cycles cannot use to perform useful work and thus improve overall efficiency. of the system.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un moteur thermique et son cycle thermodynamique à huit processus, et notamment une machine thermique caractérisée par deux sous-systèmes thermodynamiques interconnectés, lesquels mettent chacun en oeuvre un cycle thermodynamique à quatre processus tout en étant interdépendants, formant ainsi un cycle complexe à huit processus, le fonctionnement étant assuré par du gaz, le circuit de ce système binaire étant fermé en configuration différentielle, sur la base du concept de système thermodynamique hybride, l'appellation système thermodynamique binaire étant également possible. Ce système réalise un cycle thermodynamique comprenant huit processus, de manière à pouvoir exécuter, à tout moment du cycle, deux processus simultanés et interdépendants, complémentaires, quatre de ces processus étant « isobares » et quatre « isochores » avec transfert de masse variable, laquelle peut être nulle ou partielle.
PCT/BR2017/000095 2016-08-26 2017-08-18 Moteur thermique à cycle différentiel comprenant quatre processus isobares, quatre processus isochores avec régénérateur et un processus de contrôle pour le cycle thermodynamique du moteur thermique WO2018035586A1 (fr)

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BRBR102016019870-4 2016-08-26
BR102016019870-4A BR102016019870B1 (pt) 2016-08-26 2016-08-26 Motor térmico de ciclo diferencial composto por quatro processos isobáricos, quatro processos isocóricos com regenerador e processo de controle para o ciclo termodinâmico do motor térmico

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Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3591958A (en) * 1970-06-24 1971-07-13 Treadwell Corp Internal combustion engine cycle
FR1605396A (en) * 1967-11-02 1975-02-28 Engine fuel combustion process - fuel compressed isothermally by piston releasing thermal impulses to start combustion
DE2342103A1 (de) * 1973-08-21 1975-03-20 Hans Alexander Frhr Von Seld Regenerative waermekraftmaschine
RU2097581C1 (ru) * 1992-03-04 1997-11-27 Анатолий Макарович Макаров Способ работы четырехтактного двигателя внутреннего сгорания
US20110061379A1 (en) * 2008-05-15 2011-03-17 Misselhorn Juergen Heat engine
WO2011131373A1 (fr) * 2010-04-22 2011-10-27 Jobb Gangolf Moteur thermique à processus cyclique isochore-isobare
WO2014109667A1 (fr) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-17 Pospelov Sergey Vyacheslavovich Machine thermique qui met en oeuvre le cycle de reylis
WO2014209247A1 (fr) * 2013-06-25 2014-12-31 Mehmet Terziakin Procédé et système pour cycle thermodynamique
WO2016048184A1 (fr) * 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Борис Львович ЕГОРОВ Moteur à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1605396A (en) * 1967-11-02 1975-02-28 Engine fuel combustion process - fuel compressed isothermally by piston releasing thermal impulses to start combustion
US3591958A (en) * 1970-06-24 1971-07-13 Treadwell Corp Internal combustion engine cycle
DE2342103A1 (de) * 1973-08-21 1975-03-20 Hans Alexander Frhr Von Seld Regenerative waermekraftmaschine
RU2097581C1 (ru) * 1992-03-04 1997-11-27 Анатолий Макарович Макаров Способ работы четырехтактного двигателя внутреннего сгорания
US20110061379A1 (en) * 2008-05-15 2011-03-17 Misselhorn Juergen Heat engine
WO2011131373A1 (fr) * 2010-04-22 2011-10-27 Jobb Gangolf Moteur thermique à processus cyclique isochore-isobare
WO2014109667A1 (fr) * 2013-01-09 2014-07-17 Pospelov Sergey Vyacheslavovich Machine thermique qui met en oeuvre le cycle de reylis
WO2014209247A1 (fr) * 2013-06-25 2014-12-31 Mehmet Terziakin Procédé et système pour cycle thermodynamique
WO2016048184A1 (fr) * 2014-09-25 2016-03-31 Борис Львович ЕГОРОВ Moteur à combustion interne et procédé de fonctionnement

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BR102016019870B1 (pt) 2023-12-26
BR102016019870A8 (pt) 2022-12-13

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