WO2018033142A1 - 一种取芯器及其使用方法 - Google Patents

一种取芯器及其使用方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018033142A1
WO2018033142A1 PCT/CN2017/098039 CN2017098039W WO2018033142A1 WO 2018033142 A1 WO2018033142 A1 WO 2018033142A1 CN 2017098039 W CN2017098039 W CN 2017098039W WO 2018033142 A1 WO2018033142 A1 WO 2018033142A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hook
crochet
barrel
connecting sleeve
cutting
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PCT/CN2017/098039
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
董谢平
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董谢平
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Publication date
Application filed by 董谢平 filed Critical 董谢平
Priority to JP2019505452A priority Critical patent/JP6587202B1/ja
Publication of WO2018033142A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018033142A1/zh
Priority to US16/258,661 priority patent/US10441296B2/en

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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B10/00—Other methods or instruments for diagnosis, e.g. instruments for taking a cell sample, for biopsy, for vaccination diagnosis; Sex determination; Ovulation-period determination; Throat striking implements
    • A61B10/02—Instruments for taking cell samples or for biopsy
    • A61B10/0233—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments
    • A61B10/025—Pointed or sharp biopsy instruments for taking bone, bone marrow or cartilage samples
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1613—Component parts
    • A61B17/1633—Sleeves, i.e. non-rotating parts surrounding the bit shaft, e.g. the sleeve forming a single unit with the bit shaft
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1635—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans for grafts, harvesting or transplants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B17/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods, e.g. tourniquets
    • A61B17/16—Bone cutting, breaking or removal means other than saws, e.g. Osteoclasts; Drills or chisels for bones; Trepans
    • A61B17/1637—Hollow drills or saws producing a curved cut, e.g. cylindrical
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00—Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02—Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30—Joints
    • A61F2/46—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor
    • A61F2/4601—Special tools or methods for implanting or extracting artificial joints, accessories, bone grafts or substitutes, or particular adaptations therefor for introducing bone substitute, for implanting bone graft implants or for compacting them in the bone cavity

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the fields of machinery, architecture, geology, scientific research, material processing, medical equipment, etc., in particular to a core remover and a method of using the same.
  • the circular saw In the clinical medical work, the circular saw is used to intercept the cancellous bone or pathological specimen for transplantation.
  • the circular saw cannot cross the core substrate, it often has nothing when extracting the core material, or the core material is broken into several sections, even if it is inside the wall.
  • the circular saw of the shallow thread can not completely remove the core material with the ring saw, thus affecting the quality of the core material.
  • it is often necessary to intercept the complete core material for research and application in production, life and scientific research, but the tradition
  • the circular saw also has the phenomenon that the circumference can only be cut off and the base cannot be cut off.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a core remover and a method for using the same to solve the problem that the prior device cannot cross the core of the core material in the non-penetrating coring process and it is difficult to completely take out the core material, especially in the medical field.
  • the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:
  • a core-receiving device comprising a connecting sleeve, a power rod connected to the connecting sleeve, a crochet barrel having an upper end inserted in the connecting sleeve, and a cutting hook connected to one side of the crochet barrel, the crochet barrel being a cylindrical tubular structure
  • An open end is vertically opened on the side wall, the upper end of the crochet barrel is detachably connected to the connecting sleeve, and the lower end is perpendicular to the opening, and the opening is provided with a curved groove, and the lower end surface of the crochet barrel is along the circumferential direction Features serrations.
  • the adjacent serrations on the crochet barrel are staggered in front and rear.
  • the saw teeth on the crochet barrel are inclined in the same direction and arranged in a ratchet shape.
  • the upper end of the crochet barrel is inserted into the end of the connecting sleeve and fastened by fasteners, and the ports on the crochet barrel are evenly spaced apart through the through holes of the fastener.
  • the cutting hook comprises a hook handle that is engaged in the connecting sleeve, a connecting rod that sequentially passes through the connecting sleeve and the side wall of the crochet barrel, and a hook point that is engaged in the arcuate groove at the lower end of the crochet barrel;
  • the main body of the hook tip has a circular arc shape and the end is a barbed cutting edge, and the main body of the hook tip has a curved curvature which is consistent with the curved groove.
  • the tangent of the body of the cutting hook hook tip at the point of connection with the connecting rod is perpendicular to the hook shank.
  • the cross-section of the tube wall on both sides of the opening on the side wall of the crochet barrel is an arc-shaped surface that matches the circular section of the connecting rod of the cutting hook, and the arc of the arc is coincident with the arc of the outer wall of the connecting rod of the cutting hook.
  • the connecting sleeve is a funnel-shaped cylindrical structure, and is composed of a cylindrical upper section, a cone-shaped connecting section and a cylindrical lower section.
  • the upper side wall of the connecting sleeve is symmetrically opened with a pair of bolt holes, and the bolt holes are provided with bolts for rotating the connecting sleeve.
  • the inner side surface of the upper portion of the connecting sleeve is provided with a pair of card slots for engaging the cutting hook shank corresponding to the opening side of the crochet cylinder, and the angle between the card slots is 10°-25°.
  • the positional relationship between the hook handle and the hook tip and the set of the card slots is that when the hook handle is engaged with the initial card slot, the hook tip is hidden in the arcuate groove at the lower end of the crochet barrel; the hook handle is engaged with the second card slot In the middle, the hook tip rotates into the crochet cylinder with the connecting rod as the axis; and so on, when the hook handle is engaged in the final card slot, the hook tip rotates to the crochet cylinder axis.
  • the connecting sleeve is connected to the crochet barrel by a fastener, and the lower portion of the connecting sleeve is evenly spaced apart in the circumferential direction with a horizontal connecting hole passing through the fastener; on the side wall of the lower section, corresponding to the crochet barrel
  • the opening position is vertically opened with a through groove passing through the cutting hook; the lower port of the lower portion is circumferentially opened with an annular groove into which the crochet barrel is inserted, the width of the annular groove being adapted to the wall thickness of the crochet barrel.
  • the upper end of the inner wall of the lower portion of the connecting sleeve is screwed with a power rod, and the power rod is driven by a motor or other labor-saving device.
  • a method of using the core remover is as follows:
  • step one the hook handle of the cutting hook is engaged in the initial card slot on the connecting sleeve, so that the hook tip is hidden in the arc groove.
  • Step 2 Manually or connect the power rod with a motor drive or connect the power rod with other labor-saving devices to drive the crochet barrel to cut the core material to the required depth.
  • step three the cutting hook is rotated and the hook handle is engaged in the second card slot.
  • step four the coring core is rotated in reverse for one week, and the core substrate is subjected to shallow annular hook cutting.
  • Step 5 repeat steps 3 to 4, gradually deepen the cutting of the core material base, until the hook handle of the cutting hook is engaged in the final card slot on the connecting sleeve and rotate the corer in a reverse direction for a week to make the core material base Broken.
  • step 6 the state in which the hook handle is engaged in the final card slot is maintained, the hook tip is supported on the core substrate, and the core remover is taken out.
  • Step 7 The hook handle is engaged in the initial card slot, so that the hook tip is re-hidden in the arc groove of the crochet barrel, and then the fastener for fixing the connection sleeve and the crochet barrel is removed, and the bar slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the crochet barrel will be used. The core material is pushed out and completed.
  • the initial card slot described in the first step refers to a card slot on the connecting sleeve corresponding to the hook handle when the hook tip is hidden in the arcuate groove of the crochet barrel.
  • the final card slot described in step 5 refers to a card slot on the connecting sleeve corresponding to the hook handle when the hook tip is rotated to the axis of the crochet cylinder.
  • the reverse direction in the fourth step and the fifth step is opposite to the position of the card slot, that is, if the card slot and the hook tip are located in the clockwise direction of the hook handle, the counterclockwise rotation is performed, so that the hook tip is hooked.
  • the non-cutting method cuts the core material base in a circular shape to reduce the cutting resistance, smooth the cutting and reduce the failure and the loss of the machine parts; and vice versa, if the card slot and the hook point correspond to the counterclockwise direction of the hook handle, then The hour hand rotates.
  • the present invention has the following characteristics and beneficial effects: taking the bone core in the medical field as an example, the present invention can overcome the shortcoming that the traditional osteotomy device cannot cross the bone core substrate and the bone core cannot be completely taken out.
  • the hook tip of the cutting hook crosses the bone core base before the core core is extracted, so that the bone core can be completely taken out; at the same time, the hook tip also supports the bone core when the bone core is raised, which facilitates the presentation of the core core; the cutting hook passes
  • the operation hook shank is sequentially engaged in a set of card slots on the connecting sleeve and the crochet cylinder is rotated to realize the cross-cutting of the bone core substrate, and the operation is simple and convenient to use; the saw teeth of the lower end surface of the crochet cylinder are staggered, thereby improving The sawing efficiency of the crochet cylinder.
  • the invention can be widely applied to the interception of the core material of the object and the preparation of the cylindrical object in the fields of machinery, architecture, geology, scientific research, material processing, medical equipment and the like.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view showing the structure of a facade of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic plan view of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of the façade structure of the connecting sleeve.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic plan view of the connecting sleeve.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic view of the façade structure of the crochet barrel.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic view showing the structure of the A-A section of Figure 5.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic view showing the structure of the section B-B in Figure 5;
  • Figure 8 is a schematic view showing the structure of the cutting hook.
  • Figure 9 is a schematic plan view showing the cutting hook.
  • Fig. 10 is a schematic structural view of a power rod.
  • a corer comprising a connecting sleeve 2, a power rod 4 connected to the connecting sleeve, and an upper end inserted in the connecting sleeve 2 a crochet barrel 1 and a cutting hook 3 attached to one side of the crochet barrel 1 , the crochet barrel 1 being a cylindrical tubular structure having a long opening on a side wall thereof, the upper end of the crochet barrel 1 being connected
  • the sleeve 2 is detachably connected, and the opening on the lower end side is provided with an arcuate groove.
  • the cutting hook 3 includes a hook handle that is engaged in the connecting sleeve 2, a connecting rod that sequentially passes through the connecting sleeve 2 and the side wall opening of the crochet barrel 1, and is engaged with the crochet barrel.
  • the main body bending curvature of the hook tip coincides with the curved groove, the maximum width of the hook tip is consistent with the wall thickness of the crochet barrel 1, and the hook tip is completely hidden in the arc groove when the hook handle is located in the initial card slot;
  • the tangent to the body of the hook hook tip at the point of attachment to the link is perpendicular to the hook handle.
  • the connecting sleeve 2 is a funnel-shaped cylindrical structure, which is composed of a cylindrical upper section, a cone-shaped connecting section and a cylindrical lower section, so that the hook handle is connected between the inner walls of the connecting sleeve 2. A certain elastic pressure is generated, and the hook handle is easily engaged with the card slot; the inner side of the port of the upper sleeve of the connecting sleeve 2 is provided with a pair of card slots for engaging the hook hooks of the cutting hooks 3 corresponding to the opening side of the crochet barrel 1 .
  • the initial card slot is disposed at a position corresponding to the hook shank of the connecting sleeve 2 when the hook tip of the cutting hook 3 is completely hidden in the arcuate groove of the crochet barrel 1, and the angle between the final card slot and the initial card slot is less than 90°.
  • the angle between the card slots should be minimized, and the number of the card slots is set. The smaller the resistance of the hook tip cutting is, the easier it is to implement when rotating the core.
  • the card slot is disposed in the counterclockwise direction on the upper port of the connecting sleeve.
  • the card slot can also be disposed in a clockwise direction, and the position of the arc groove on the corresponding crochet barrel and the core-removing device in use
  • the direction of rotation is also corresponding to the direction set in this embodiment
  • a set of four or more card slots when the hook handle is engaged on the initial card slot, the hook tip of the cutting hook 3 is completely hidden in the arcuate groove of the crochet barrel 1, and the hook handle is engaged on the second card slot.
  • the screwing dimension ensures that the crochet tube has the least resistance when cutting the core base, is not easy to be stuck or damages the cutting hook, and can be on the core substrate.
  • a bolt hole wherein the bolt hole is provided with a bolt for rotating the connecting sleeve 2, and the connecting sleeve 2 is connected with the crochet barrel 1 by a fastener, and the lower portion of the connecting sleeve 2 is evenly spaced along the circumferential direction with a horizontal a connecting hole passing through the fastener; a side wall of the lower section corresponding to the opening position of the crochet barrel 1 is vertically opened a through groove of the cutting hook 3; a lower port of the lower section is opened in the annular direction with an annular groove inserted into the crochet barrel 1, the width of the annular groove is adapted to the wall thickness of the crochet barrel 1; a through hole of the rod, the through hole is a threaded through hole, and is screwed with a power rod 4 driven by a motor or other labor saving device, the power rod 4 is a rigid or flexible straight rod, and the upper end can be set There is a slot for clamping the drill chuck, and the lower end is a threaded section that is
  • the cross-section of the tube wall on both sides of the opening on the side wall of the crochet barrel 1 is an arc-shaped surface which matches the circular section of the connecting rod of the cutting hook 3, and the curvature and cutting thereof
  • the outer wall of the connecting rod of the hook 3 has the same arc, so that the connecting rod can Firmly engaged on the crochet barrel 1 to prevent the connecting rod from ejecting the opening on the crochet barrel 1; the upper end of the crochet barrel 1 is inserted into the annular groove at the end of the connecting sleeve 2, and the upper port of the crochet barrel 1 is evenly spaced along the ring direction
  • the lower end surface of the crochet barrel 1 is provided with serrations in the circumferential direction, and the adjacent serrations are alternately arranged in a front-rear direction or inclined in the same direction in a ratchet shape.
  • the core guide rod having an outer diameter equal to the inner diameter of the core crochet barrel is inserted into the hollow drill; the hook handle of the cutting hook 3 is first engaged in the initial card slot on the connecting sleeve 2, so that the hook tip is hidden in the crochet barrel 1 In the arc-shaped groove, the crochet tube of the coring machine is then inserted into the coring guide rod, and the core device can be cut to cut the annular passage at the femoral neck; for increasing the power, the upper end of the coring machine can be connected.
  • the power rod is driven by a power drill to rotate the core cutter for cutting.
  • the cutting hook 3 is rotated counterclockwise and the hook handle is engaged in the second card slot. At this time, the hook tip is screwed into the crochet barrel 1 a little, and the connecting sleeve 2 is grasped. Rotating the corer clockwise for one week, an annular slit can be cut in the core material base, and the above process is repeated until the hook handle of the cutting hook 3 is engaged in the final card slot on the connecting sleeve 2 and the connecting sleeve 2 is grasped by hand. When the needle is rotated for one week, the bone core base is completely cut off.
  • the hook tip is located at the center of the bone core, and the core remover is taken out, and the core core can be completely taken out under the support of the cutting hook 3, and the femoral neck is formed.
  • An annular channel not only reduces the decompression of the femoral head, but also opens the way for scraping and bone grafting of the femoral head necrosis.
  • the invention can be widely applied to the interception of core materials in the medical field or the interception of cylindrical objects in the fields of machinery, construction, etc., for example, it can also be applied to the interception of objects such as rubber, rubber and even concrete, as long as the core material has similar characteristics. Both can be intercepted using the present invention.
  • the positional relationship between the hook handle and the hook tip and the set of card slots is that when the hook handle is engaged with the initial card slot, the hook tip is hidden in the arcuate groove at the lower end of the crochet barrel; when the hook handle is engaged in the second card slot, The hook tip rotates a little inside the crochet cylinder with the connecting rod as the axis; and so on, when the hook shank is engaged in the final card slot, the hook tip rotates to the yoke cylinder axis.
  • step one the hook handle of the cutting hook is engaged in the initial card slot on the connecting sleeve, and the hook tip is hidden in the arc groove.
  • Step 2 Manually or connect the power rod with a motor drive or connect the power rod with other labor-saving devices to drive the crochet barrel to cut the core material to the required depth.
  • step three the cutting hook is rotated and the hook handle is engaged in the second card slot.
  • step four the coring core is rotated in reverse for one week, and the core substrate is subjected to shallow annular hook cutting.
  • Step 5 repeat steps 3 to 4, gradually deepen the cutting of the core material base, until the hook handle of the cutting hook is engaged in the final card slot on the connecting sleeve and rotate the corer in a reverse direction for a week to make the core material base Broken.
  • step 6 the state in which the hook handle is engaged in the final card slot is maintained, the hook tip is supported on the core substrate, and the core remover is taken out.
  • Step 7 The hook handle is engaged in the initial card slot, so that the hook tip is re-hidden in the arc groove of the crochet barrel, and then the fastener for fixing the connection sleeve and the crochet barrel is removed, and the bar slightly smaller than the inner diameter of the crochet barrel will be used. The core material is pushed out and completed.
  • the reverse direction in the fourth step and the fifth step is opposite to the position of the card slot, that is, if the card slot and the hook tip are located in the clockwise direction of the hook handle, the counterclockwise rotation is performed, so that the hook tip is hooked rather than cut.
  • the method is to cut the core material base in a circular shape to reduce the cutting resistance, smooth the cutting and reduce the fault and the mechanical loss; and vice versa, if the card slot and the hook tip are corresponding to the counterclockwise direction of the hook handle, rotate clockwise.

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Abstract

一种取芯器及其使用方法，该取芯器包括连接套(2)、连接在连接套(2)上的动力杆(4)、上端插接在连接套(2)内的钩针筒(1)以及连接在钩针筒(1)一侧的切割钩(3)，该钩针筒(1)为圆柱形筒状结构，其侧壁上竖向开有一通长的开口，该钩针筒(1)的上端与连接套(2)可拆卸连接、下端一侧垂直开口设有弧形槽。该取芯器解决了现有的取芯装置在非穿透性取芯时，因不能横断芯材底部而无法完整取出芯材的问题。

Description

一种取芯器及其使用方法 技术领域
本发明涉及机械、建筑、地质、科考、材料加工、医疗器械等领域，特别是一种取芯器及其使用方法。
背景技术
临床医疗工作中常用环锯截取供移植的松质骨或病理标本，但环锯因不能横断芯材基底，在提取芯材时常常一无所有，或使芯材断成数节，即使是内壁带有浅螺纹线的环锯也无法使芯材随环锯完整取出，从而影响所取芯材的质量；另外，生产、生活和科研中也经常需要截取完整的芯状材质供研究和应用，但传统的环状钻锯同样存在只能截断周缘而无法截断基底的现象。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种取芯器及其使用方法，以解决现有装置在非穿透性取芯过程中无法横断芯材底部而难以完整取出芯材的情况，尤其是解决医疗领域中由于无法横断骨芯基底而使骨芯无法完整取出的问题。
为实现上述目的，本发明采用如下技术方案：
一种取芯器，包括连接套、连接在连接套上的动力杆、上端插接在连接套内的钩针筒以及连接在钩针筒一侧的切割钩，所述钩针筒为圆柱形筒状结构，其侧壁上竖向开有一通长的开口，所述钩针筒的上端与连接套可拆卸连接、下端一侧垂直所述开口设有弧形槽，所述钩针筒的下端面沿环向设有锯齿。
优选的，所述钩针筒上相邻锯齿前后交错设置。
优选的，所述钩针筒上锯齿向同一方向倾斜呈棘轮状设置。
优选的，所述钩针筒的上端插入连接套末端、并通过紧固件紧固，钩针筒上端口沿环向均匀间隔开有穿过紧固件的通孔。
优选的，所述切割钩包括卡合在连接套内的钩柄、依次穿过连接套和钩针筒侧壁开口的连杆以及卡合在所述钩针筒下端的弧形槽内的钩尖；钩尖的主体呈圆弧形、端部为倒钩状的切割刃，所述钩尖的主体弯折弧度与弧形槽一致。
优选的，所述切割钩钩尖的主体在与连杆的连接点处的切线与钩柄垂直。
优选的，所述钩针筒侧壁上的开口两侧的筒壁断面是与切割钩的连杆的圆形截面契合的弧形面，其弧度与切割钩的连杆的外壁圆弧一致。
优选的，所述连接套为漏斗形筒状结构，由柱筒形的上段、锥筒形的连接段和柱筒形的下段组成。
优选的，所述连接套的上段侧壁上对称开有一对螺栓孔，所述螺栓孔内设有用于旋转连接套的螺栓。
优选的，所述连接套的上段的端口内侧面对应钩针筒的开口一侧设有一组用于卡合切割钩钩柄的卡槽，所述卡槽间夹角为10°～25°。
优选的，钩柄、钩尖与一组卡槽的位置关系是，钩柄卡合于初始卡槽时，钩尖潜藏在钩针筒下端的弧形槽中；钩柄卡合于第二卡槽中时，钩尖以连杆为轴，向钩针筒内旋转进少许；依次类推，当钩柄卡合于最终卡槽中时，钩尖旋转至钩针筒轴心处。
优选的，所述连接套通过紧固件与钩针筒连接，所述连接套的下段沿环向均匀间隔开有水平的、穿过紧固件的连接孔；下段的侧壁上、对应钩针筒的开口位置竖向开有穿过切割钩的通槽；下段的下端口沿环向开有插入钩针筒的环形槽，所述环形槽的宽度与钩针筒的壁厚相适应。
优选的，连接套下段的内壁上端螺纹连接有动力杆，所述动力杆由电机或其它省力装置驱动。
一种应用所述取芯器的使用方法，步骤为：
步骤一，将切割钩的钩柄卡合在连接套上的初始卡槽内，使钩尖潜藏在弧形槽内。
步骤二，手动或连接上动力杆用电机驱动或连接上动力杆用其它省力装置驱动钩针筒切削芯材至所需深度。
步骤三，旋转切割钩并将钩柄卡合在第二卡槽内。
步骤四，反向旋转取芯器一周，对芯材基底进行浅层环形钩割。
步骤五，重复步骤三至步骤四，逐渐加深对芯材基底的切割，至切割钩的钩柄卡合在连接套上的最终卡槽内并反向旋转取芯器一周，使芯材基底离断。
步骤六，保持钩柄卡合于最终卡槽中的状态，使钩尖托住芯材基底，取出取芯器。
步骤七，将钩柄卡合于初始卡槽中，使钩尖重新潜藏于钩针筒弧形槽内，再拆卸固定连接套与钩针筒的紧固件，用略小于钩针筒内径的棒材将芯材推顶出，完成使用。
优选的，步骤一中所述的初始卡槽，指钩尖潜藏在钩针筒的弧形槽内时钩柄所对应的的连接套上的卡槽。
优选的，步骤五中所述的最终卡槽，指钩尖旋转至钩针筒轴心时钩柄所对应的连接套上的卡槽。
优选的，所述步骤四和步骤五中的反向是指与卡槽位置相反，即如果卡槽和钩尖对应位于钩柄的顺时针方向，则逆时针旋转，使钩尖以钩割而非顶割的方式对芯材基底进行环形切割，以减少切割阻力，使切割顺畅并降低故障与机件损耗；反之亦然，如果卡槽和钩尖对应位于钩柄的逆时针方向，则顺时针旋转。
与现有技术相比本发明具有以下特点和有益效果：以医疗领域中截取骨芯为例，本发明可以克服传统截骨装置无法横断骨芯基底而使骨芯无法完整取出的缺点。切割钩的钩尖在骨芯提取出前将骨芯基底横断，从而使骨芯能够完整取出；同时钩尖在骨芯提出时还对骨芯具有承托作用，方便骨芯的提出；切割钩通过操作钩柄依次卡合在连接套上的一组卡槽内并旋转钩针筒即可实现对骨芯基底的横断，操作简单，使用方便；所述钩针筒下端面的锯齿是交错设置的，提高了钩针筒的锯削效率。
本发明可广泛应用于机械、建筑、地质、科考、材料加工、医疗器械等领域对物体芯材的截取与柱形物体的制备等。
附图说明
下面结合附图对本发明做进一步详细的说明。
图1是本发明的立面结构示意图。
图2是本发明的平面结构示意图。
图3是连接套的立面结构示意图。
图4是连接套的平面结构示意图。
图5是钩针筒的立面结构示意图。
图6是图5中A-A断面的结构示意图。
图7是图5中B-B断面的结构示意图。
图8是切割钩的立面结构示意图。
图9是切割钩的平面结构示意图。
图10是动力杆的结构示意图。
附图标记：1－钩针筒、2－连接套、3－切割钩、4-动力杆。
具体实施方式
实施例参见图1和图2所示，一种取芯器及其使用方法，所述取芯器包括连接套2、连接在连接套上的动力杆4、上端插接在连接套2内的钩针筒1以及连接在钩针筒1一侧的切割钩3，所述钩针筒1为圆柱形筒状结构，其侧壁上竖向开有一通长的开口，所述钩针筒1的上端与连接套2可拆卸连接、下端一侧垂直所述开口设有弧形槽。
参见图8和图9所示，所述切割钩3包括卡合在连接套2内的钩柄、依次穿过连接套2和钩针筒1侧壁开口的连杆以及卡合在所述钩针筒1下端的弧形槽内的钩尖；所述钩柄与钩尖分别位于连杆的上、下两端，钩尖的主体呈圆弧形、端部为倒钩状的切割刃，所述钩尖的主体弯折弧度与弧形槽一致，所述钩尖的最大宽度与钩针筒1的壁厚一致，当钩柄位于初始卡槽时，钩尖完全潜藏在弧形槽内；所述切割钩钩尖的主体在与连杆的连接点处的切线与钩柄垂直。
参见图3和图4所示，所述连接套2为漏斗形筒状结构，由柱筒形的上段、锥筒形的连接段和柱筒形的下段组成，使钩柄对连接套2的内壁间产生一定的弹性压力，易于钩柄卡合在卡槽上；所述连接套2的上段的端口内侧对应钩针筒1的开口一侧设有一组用于卡合切割钩3钩柄的卡槽，其中初始卡槽的设置位置为切割钩3的钩尖完全潜藏在钩针筒1的弧形槽内时连接套2上钩柄所对应位置，最终卡槽与初始卡槽间夹角小于90°，在满足连接套2材料强度的情况下，应尽量减小卡槽间的夹角，卡槽设置的数量越多，在旋转取芯器时，钩尖切削受到的阻力越小，越容易实施，本实施例中卡槽在连接套上段端口上沿逆时针方向设置，当然在其他实施例中卡槽也可沿顺时针方向设置，相应的钩针筒上弧形槽的设置位置、使用时取芯器的旋转方向也相应与本实施例中设置方向相反，一组为四个以上卡槽，钩柄卡合在初始卡槽上时，切割钩3的钩尖完全潜藏在钩针筒1的弧形槽内，钩柄卡合在第二卡槽上时，切割钩3的钩尖以连杆为轴向钩针筒内旋转进少许；旋进尺寸保证钩针筒切割材芯基底时的阻力最小、不易卡死或损坏切割钩，且能在芯材基底切割出一道环形切口，钩柄卡合在第三卡槽上时，切割钩3的钩尖继续向钩针筒内旋进少许，对芯材基底进行切割，钩柄卡合在最终卡槽上时，切割钩3的钩尖继续向钩针筒内旋进至钩针筒的轴心位置；相邻卡槽间夹角为10°～25°；所述连接套2的上段侧壁上对称开有一对螺栓孔，所述螺栓孔内设有用于旋转连接套2的螺栓，所述连接套2通过紧固件与钩针筒1连接，所述连接套2的下段沿环向均匀间隔开有水平的、穿过紧固件的连接孔；下段的侧壁上、对应钩针筒1的开口位置竖向开有穿过切割钩3的通槽；下段的下端口沿环向开有插入钩针筒1的环形槽，所述环形槽的宽度与钩针筒1的壁厚相适应；所述连接套下段中部还设有连接动力杆的通孔，所述通孔为螺纹通孔，并螺纹连接有动力杆4，所述动力杆4由电机或其它省力装置驱动，所述动力杆4为刚性或柔性直杆，上端可设有与钻夹头夹持用的卡槽，下端是与连接套下段的螺纹通孔连接的螺纹段。
参见图5、图6和图7所示，所述钩针筒1侧壁上的开口两侧的筒壁断面是与切割钩3的连杆的圆形截面契合的弧形面，其弧度与切割钩3的连杆的外壁圆弧一致，使连杆能够 牢固的卡合在钩针筒1上，防止连杆弹出钩针筒1上的开口；所述钩针筒1的上端插入连接套2末端的环形槽内，钩针筒1上端口沿环向均匀间隔开有穿过紧固件的通孔，所述钩针筒1下端面沿环向设有锯齿，所述相邻锯齿前后交错设置或向同一方向倾斜呈棘轮状设置。
一种应用所述的取芯器的使用方法，以股骨颈取芯为例：病人仰卧，在大腿上段外侧股骨大粗隆下做一数厘米的纵切口，显露骨皮质，自大粗隆基底附近沿股骨颈向股骨头坏死灶中心钻入一枚导针，正侧位透视证实其居中；将一根空心钻套入导针，钻破骨皮质，再将一根内径等于空心钻外径、外径等于取芯器钩针筒内径的取芯器导杆套入空心钻；先将切割钩3的钩柄卡合在连接套2上的初始卡槽内，使钩尖潜藏在钩针筒1的弧形槽内，接着将取芯器的钩针筒套入取芯器导杆中，转动取芯器即可在股骨颈处切割出环形通道；为加大动力，可在取芯器上端连接动力杆，以电钻带动取芯器旋转进行切割。
通过刻度和影像监视确定取芯器切割到位后，逆时针旋转切割钩3并将钩柄卡合在第二卡槽内，此时钩尖向钩针筒1内旋进少许，手握连接套2顺时针旋转取芯器一周，即可在芯材基底切割出一道环形切口，重复上述过程，至切割钩3的钩柄卡合在连接套2上的最终卡槽内并手握连接套2顺时针旋转取芯器一周，将骨芯基底完全切断，此时钩尖位于骨芯中心，取出取芯器，骨芯便可在切割钩3的承托之下完整取出，股骨颈内也就形成了一个环形通道，既实现了股骨头的减压，又开辟了对股骨头坏死灶刮除、植骨的通路。
本发明可广泛应用于医疗领域中芯材的截取或者机械、建筑等领域中柱形物体的截取等，例如还可以应用于橡胶、橡皮甚至是混凝土等物体的截取，只要是类似特性的芯材均可以使用本发明进行截取。
钩柄、钩尖与一组卡槽的位置关系是，钩柄卡合于初始卡槽时，钩尖潜藏在钩针筒下端的弧形槽中；钩柄卡合于第二卡槽中时，钩尖以连杆为轴，向钩针筒内旋转出少许；依次类推，当钩柄卡合于最终卡槽中时，钩尖旋转至钩针筒轴心处。
取芯器出厂前，因钩针筒侧壁上开有通长的开口，钩针筒下端的锯齿存在缺口，为补齐缺口，需在切割钩组装完成后重新用锯齿片段封闭弧形槽下方的钩针筒侧壁的一段开口，保证锯齿的完整环状结构。
使用方法基本相同，步骤为：
步骤一，将切割钩的钩柄卡合在连接套上的初始卡槽内，并使钩尖潜藏在弧形槽内。
步骤二，手动或连接上动力杆用电机驱动或连接上动力杆用其它省力装置驱动钩针筒切削芯材至所需深度。
步骤三，旋转切割钩并将钩柄卡合在第二卡槽内。
步骤四，反向旋转取芯器一周，对芯材基底进行浅层环形钩割。
步骤五，重复步骤三至步骤四，逐渐加深对芯材基底的切割，至切割钩的钩柄卡合在连接套上的最终卡槽内并反向旋转取芯器一周，使芯材基底离断。
步骤六，保持钩柄卡合于最终卡槽中的状态，使钩尖托住芯材基底，取出取芯器。
步骤七，将钩柄卡合于初始卡槽中，使钩尖重新潜藏于钩针筒弧形槽内，再拆卸固定连接套与钩针筒的紧固件，用略小于钩针筒内径的棒材将芯材推顶出，完成使用。
所述步骤四和步骤五中的反向是指与卡槽位置相反，即如果卡槽和钩尖对应位于钩柄的顺时针方向，则逆时针旋转，使钩尖以钩割而非顶割的方式对芯材基底进行环形切割，以减少切割阻力，使切割顺畅并降低故障与机件损耗；反之亦然，如果卡槽和钩尖对应位于钩柄的逆时针方向，则顺时针旋转。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种取芯器，其特征在于：包括连接套(2)、连接在连接套上的动力杆(4)、上端插接在连接套(2)内的钩针筒(1)以及连接在钩针筒(1)一侧的切割钩(3)，所述钩针筒(1)为圆柱形筒状结构，其侧壁上竖向开有一通长的开口，所述钩针筒(1)的上端与连接套(2)可拆卸连接、下端一侧垂直所述开口设有弧形槽，所述钩针筒(1)的下端面沿环向设有锯齿。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的取芯器，其特征在于：所述钩针筒(1)上相邻锯齿前后交错设置。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的取芯器，其特征在于：所述钩针筒(1)的上端插入连接套末端、并通过紧固件紧固，钩针筒上端口沿环向均匀间隔开有穿过紧固件的通孔。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的取芯器，其特征在于：所述切割钩(3)包括卡合在连接套内的钩柄、依次穿过连接套和钩针筒侧壁开口的连杆以及卡合在所述钩针筒下端的弧形槽内的钩尖；
    钩尖的主体呈圆弧形、端部为倒钩状的切割刃，所述钩尖的主体弯折弧度与弧形槽一致。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的取芯器，其特征在于：所述切割钩(3)钩尖的主体在与连杆的连接点处的切线与钩柄垂直。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的取芯器，其特征在于：所述钩针筒(1)侧壁上的开口两侧的筒壁断面是与切割钩的连杆的圆形截面契合的弧形面，其弧度与切割钩的连杆的外壁圆弧一致。
  7. 根据权利要求5或6所述的取芯器，其特征在于：所述连接套(2)为漏斗形筒状结构，由柱筒形的上段、锥筒形的连接段和柱筒形的下段组成。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的取芯器，其特征在于：所述连接套(2)的上段的端口内侧面对应钩针筒的开口一侧设有一组用于卡合切割钩钩柄的卡槽，所述卡槽间夹角为10°～25°；所述连接套(2)的上段侧壁上对称开有一对螺栓孔，所述螺栓孔内设有用于旋转连接套的螺栓。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的取芯器，其特征在于：所述连接套(2)的下段沿环向均匀间隔开有水平的、穿过紧固件的连接孔；
    下段的侧壁上、对应钩针筒的开口位置竖向开有穿过切割钩的通槽；
    下段的下端口沿环向开有插入钩针筒的环形槽，所述环形槽的宽度与钩针筒的壁厚相适应；下段的中部螺纹连接有动力杆(4)。
  10. 一种应用权利要求8或9所述取芯器的使用方法，其特征在于，步骤为：步骤一，将切割钩(3)的钩柄卡合在连接套(2)上的初始卡槽内，并使钩尖潜藏在弧形槽内；
    步骤二，手动或连接上动力杆(4)用电机驱动或连接上动力杆用其它省力装置驱动钩针筒切削芯材至所需深度；
    步骤三，旋转切割钩(3)并将钩柄卡合在第二卡槽内；
    步骤四，反向旋转取芯器一周，对芯材基底进行浅层环形钩割；
    步骤五，重复步骤三至步骤四，逐渐加深对芯材基底的切割，至切割钩的钩柄卡合在连接套上的最终卡槽内并反向旋转取芯器一周，使芯材基底离断；
    步骤六，保持钩柄卡合于最终卡槽中的状态，使钩尖托住芯材基底，取出取芯器；
    步骤七，将钩柄卡合于初始卡槽中，使钩尖重新潜藏于钩针筒弧形槽内，再拆卸固定连接套与钩针筒的紧固件，用略小于钩针筒内径的棒材将芯材推顶出，完成使用。
PCT/CN2017/098039 2016-08-19 2017-08-18 一种取芯器及其使用方法 WO2018033142A1 (zh)

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CN107221889A (zh) * 2017-06-27 2017-09-29 广州供电局有限公司 用于取出高压电缆的线芯的取芯器
HK1233843A (zh) * 2017-08-04 2018-02-02
CN113334521B (zh) * 2021-06-03 2022-11-11 萍乡市时代工艺包装有限公司 一种茶叶包装罐成型加工设备

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JP2019531771A (ja) 2019-11-07
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US10441296B2 (en) 2019-10-15
CN106037877A (zh) 2016-10-26
JP6587202B1 (ja) 2019-10-09

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