WO2018030702A1 - Dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with dispersion plate for reducing flow rate of fluidized bed medium and gasification apparatus comprising same - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing a flow rate of a fluidized bed medium and a gasification apparatus comprising the same. The dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing a flow rate of a fluidized bed medium comprises: a first reactor for gasifying waste fed thereto; and a second reactor installed to communicate with the first reactor and filled with a predetermined amount of carbon adsorbent to reduce a tar content in a product gas produced in the first reactor, and to increase hydrogen production, and to supply a resulting product gas to a subsequent process, wherein the first reactor helps the waste combust and gasify, thereby producing combustible gas and bio-char, and wherein the dispersion plate is in a cylindrical form with a closed top surface and an open bottom surface and has a plurality of holes formed in a circumferential surface thereof. The dispersion plate installed on a communicating portion of the first and the second reactor prevents the powdery carbon adsorbent filled in the reactor from being blown out even when the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium is increased, so that the product gas produced through the reaction has not only significantly reduced tar content but also a remarkably increased hydrogen concentration. Therefore, a high-calorific gas can be manufactured.

Description

Dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium and a gasifier comprising the same

The present invention relates to a dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium and a gasifier comprising the same.

The present invention is the result of research carried out by the Ministry of Trade, Industry and Energy and the Korea Institute of Energy Evaluation and Technology (21535011011559005901301) under the supervision of Chungwoo Ace Co., Ltd. And the development of biomass two-stage gasification module unit for producing low ammonia producer gas, and the research period is 2015.12.01. ~ 2016.09.30 (task unique number: 1415143434, detailed task number: 20153030091340).

Recently, as the problem of environmental pollution has emerged as a social issue, interest in renewable energy, including solar energy, geothermal energy, marine energy, and biomass energy, which uses existing fossil fuels or converts renewable energy, has increased. have. In particular, the utilization of biomass energy, which is recognized as a resource for carbon-neutral, is increasing while recycling wastes or increasing the circulation rate of resources by using wood or dry biomass. Various methods have been sought to increase the efficiency of the device for generation.

In general, biomass energy is produced by gas or pyrolysis of wood, waste, dry biomass, etc. to produce gas or oil, and used as energy. Such gasification or pyrolysis is mainly performed using a fluidized bed gasification apparatus.

The fluidized bed gasifier refers to a device in which a solid layer is suspended due to a reaction gas having an upward flow to flow, such as a gas and a liquid, and gas and solid, solid and solid are mixed and reacted very quickly to generate a gas. This fluidized bed gasifier has the advantages of complete reaction of fluid and medium (catalyst or adsorbent) to complete contact of gas and solid, resulting in fast reaction speed and increased efficiency, and fast reaction at low temperatures and reduced heat loss. have.

In particular, the fluidized bed gasifier has the greatest purpose in reducing the tar content in the gas produced through the reaction and producing a high calorific value gas as the solid is treated to obtain the gas. Republic of Korea Patent No. 10-1503607 is composed of a reactor body, oxygen supply unit, fluidized bed synthesis gas reaction unit, a water gas reaction unit including a catalyst to produce a high concentration of hydrogen using biomass resources, using the power, Disclosed is a two-stage fluidized bed biomass gasification apparatus and method for use as a fuel cell, a chemical industrial material, etc., but still has a problem in that the hydrogen concentration in the produced gas is low and the tar in the produced gas is not effectively reduced. .

In addition, in the prior art including the above patent, when scaling up such a fluidized bed gasifier for producing a large amount of biomass energy, a powder form filled inside the reactor by a high flow rate of the fluidized bed medium Blowing and agglomeration of solids (catalysts to adsorbents) may occur, resulting in a decrease in efficiency of the apparatus. Accordingly, the solid in the form of a powder (catalyst or adsorbent) was pressed to use a solid in the form of a pellet (catalyst or the adsorbent), but in this case, the surface area of the pellet form is much smaller than that of the powder form, which still removes tar and hydrogen. There was a problem that the production efficiency is reduced.

An object of the present invention is to include a carbon adsorbent in the form of a powder in the upper reactor of the two-stage reactor, and to include a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium in the communication between the upper reactor and the lower reactor, the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium This increase prevents the blowing of the carbon adsorbent in the form of powder, which significantly reduces the tar content in the product gas produced through the reaction, and significantly increases the hydrogen concentration to produce a high calorific gas. The present invention provides a dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate.

In addition, another object of the present invention includes a double biomass gasification reactor including a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium, it can be used stably of tar that can be used for power generation, fuel cells, chemical industry raw materials, etc. The present invention provides a gasification apparatus including a dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of a fluidized bed medium capable of producing a high calorific value gas having a high hydrogen concentration while having a low content.

It is not limited to the technical problem as described above, another technical problem can be derived from the following description.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a first reactor for gasifying the injected waste using an external heat source and its own heat source, and is installed to communicate with the first reactor, using a heat source of the first reactor, and A second reactor filled with a certain amount of carbon adsorbent to reduce the content of tar in the product gas produced in the first reactor, increase hydrogen production, and supply to a subsequent process, the first reactor having a certain amount of sand therein; Is filled and flows along the air stream of the external heat source to assist in the combustion of the waste gas and produce flammable gas and bio-char, and the upper surface is blocked in the communication portion of the first reactor and the second reactor. And the bottom surface is formed in an open cylindrical shape, and a plurality of holes are formed in the circumferential surface of the cylinder, and the bottom of the cylinder Les offers double the biomass gasification reactor which is installed in the extended edition distributed in the form of plates.

The second reactor may be fixed to the inner upper end of the first reactor so as to be located on the upper side of the inside of the first reactor, it may be fixed to have a predetermined interval with the inner circumference of the first reactor.

The second reactor may be installed on the top of the first reactor may have a two-stage form.

The cross sectional area of the second reactor may be wider than the cross sectional area of the first reactor.

The carbon adsorbent may include one or more selected from activated carbon and biochar.

The first reactor has a first pipe installed to communicate with the interior of the first reactor for discharging the surplus biochar to the outside to maintain a certain amount of the biochar inside the first reactor, and the gravity along the first pipe It may further include a receiving portion for storing the excess biochar discharged by.

The second reactor may further include a second pipe communicating the first reactor and the second reactor with each other so as to flow a surplus carbon adsorbent toward the first reactor so that a predetermined amount of the carbon adsorbent in the second reactor is maintained. .

A cyclone may be further installed inside the second reactor to prevent the outflow of the carbon adsorbent filled therein while discharging the product gas having reduced tar content in a subsequent process.

In addition, the present invention in order to achieve the above object is a waste injection means for injecting waste, the dual biomass gasification reactor of claim 1, the heat source supply means for supplying a preliminary heat source and air to the dual biomass gasification reactor of claim 1, And it provides a gasifier comprising a purifying means for purifying the exhaust gas discharged from the dual biomass gasification reactor of claim 1.

Dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium of the present invention is installed so as to communicate with the first reactor for gasifying the injected waste, and the first reactor and a predetermined amount of carbon adsorbent is filled therein And a second reactor for reducing the content of tar in the product gas produced in the reactor, increasing hydrogen production and feeding it to a subsequent process, wherein the first reactor assists in the combustion of waste gasification and combustible gases and bio-chars. ), The upper surface is blocked at the communication portion of the first reactor and the second reactor, and the lower surface is formed into an open cylindrical shape, and as the dispersion plate having a plurality of holes is formed in the circumferential surface of the cylinder, Even if the flow rate is increased, the blowing phenomenon of powdered carbon adsorbent packed inside the reactor is prevented The resulting not only significantly reduce the tar content in the gas, the hydrogen concentration is significantly increased can be made of the calorific gas.

In addition, the gasifier comprising a gasification reactor having a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium is a waste injection means for injecting waste, gasification reactor with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium of the present invention, heat source supply means, And a purifying means, it is possible to produce a high calorific value gas with a high hydrogen concentration while having a low content of tar that can be stably used for power generation, fuel cells, chemical industry raw materials and the like.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a gasifier including a dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium shown in FIG. 1.

3 is a cross-sectional view of a dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium according to another embodiment of the present invention.

4 is a cross-sectional view of a dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium according to another embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a view illustrating a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium shown in FIG. 1.

FIG. 6 is a view illustrating a flow of generated gas in the dual biomass gasification reactor illustrated in FIG. 4.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION Hereinafter, exemplary embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings so that those skilled in the art may easily implement the present invention. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. In the drawings, parts irrelevant to the description are omitted in order to clearly describe the present invention, and like reference numerals designate like parts throughout the specification.

The terms or words used in the specification and claims of the present invention are not to be construed in a conventional or dictionary sense, and the inventors may appropriately define the concept of terms in order to best explain their invention in the best way. Based on the principle, it should be interpreted as meaning and concept corresponding to the technical idea of the present invention.

Throughout the specification of the present invention, when a part is said to "include" a certain component, it means that it can further include other components, without excluding the other components unless otherwise stated. .

In the specification of the present invention, "A and / or B" means A or B, or A and B.

Throughout the specification of the present invention, waste may refer to any resource that can be utilized to generate biomass energy, such as waste wood and biomass.

In the entire specification of the present invention, the product gas may mean a gas generated by the waste injected into the first reactor by the heat source.

Throughout the specification of the present invention, the fluidized bed medium may mean all materials including the product gas flowing inside the first reactor and the second reactor.

Throughout the description of the present invention, a dual biomass gasification reactor equipped with a dispersion plate for reducing the flow rate of a fluidized bed medium may be briefly referred to as a dual biomass gasification reactor.

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

1 is a conceptual diagram of a gasifier including a dual biomass gasification reactor 20 equipped with a dispersion plate 240 for reducing the flow rate of a fluidized bed medium according to an embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is shown in FIG. Is a cross-sectional view of a dual biomass gasification reactor 20 equipped with a dispersion plate 240 for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium.

As shown in Figure 1, the gasifier of the embodiment of the present invention is waste injection means 10 for injecting waste, such as sewage sludge or waste wood, waste injected through the waste injection means 10 and the external heat source By using a heat source of the waste itself gasification and adsorbing or decomposition of the tar in the generated gas to reduce the tar content of the double biomass gasification reactor 20, the dual biomass gasification reactor 20 to supply a preliminary heat source and air It is composed of a heat source supply means 30, and a purifying means 40 for purifying the exhaust gas discharged from the double biomass gasification reactor 20 (claim 10), carbon adsorbent in the form of powder even if the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium increases (223) is prevented from flying, and the tar content in the product gas produced through the reaction is not only significantly reduced, but also the hydrogen concentration is significantly increased to add high calorific value. It can be produced.

The waste injecting means 10 is to crush and inject waste such as sewage sludge or waste wood into a predetermined size, and is constituted in a general configuration relationship used in a gasifier.

Dual biomass gasification reactor 20 equipped with a dispersion plate 240 for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium, as shown in Figure 1-2, the first reactor 210 having a volume of a certain size, and the first It consists of a second reactor 220 is installed above the inside of the reactor (210).

The first reactor 210 gasifies the injected waste using an external heat source and its own heat source (claim 1). At this time, the heat source of the first reactor 210 may be a preliminary heat source, air and steam and a heat source supplied by the heat source supply means 30 of the present embodiment, the first reactor 210 is a heat source supply means 30 It may be formed in a form that can receive a heat source from). As shown in Figure 1-2, the first reactor 210 is filled with a certain amount of sand, the sand flows along the air stream of the external heat source to perform the smooth gasification of the waste and biochar (claim 1) And produce gas.

The first reactor 210 may be provided with a first pipe 211 connecting the interior of the first reactor 210 and the receiving portion 213. As shown in FIGS. 1-2, the first pipe 211 is configured to discharge the surplus biochar to the outside so that a certain amount of biochar generated during the combustion process inside the first reactor 210 may be maintained. The interior of the 210 and the receiving portion 213 can communicate (claim 7), the surplus biochar inside the first reactor 210 flows along the first pipe 211 and stored in the receiving portion 213. Can be.

Receiving unit 213 stores the surplus bio-cha discharged by gravity along the first pipe (211) (claim 7). Referring to FIGS. 1-2, the first pipe 211 is configured such that one end of the side connected to the first reactor 210 is formed at a position higher than the other end of the side connected to the receiving portion 213. Without using a mechanical device, biochar in the first reactor 210 may be allowed to pass through the first pipe 211 to reach the receiving portion 213 by gravity. In addition, the end of one end of the side connected to the first reactor 210 may be formed in a bent shape so as not to be disturbed by the upflow in the first reactor 210.

3 is a cross-sectional view of a dual biomass gasification reactor 20 equipped with a dispersion plate 240 for reducing the flow rate of a fluidized bed medium according to another embodiment of the present invention, Figure 4 is according to another embodiment of the present invention A cross sectional view of a dual biomass gasification reactor 20 equipped with a dispersion plate 240 for reducing the flow velocity of a fluidized bed medium.

The second reactor 220 is installed to communicate with the first reactor 210 and uses the heat source of the first reactor 210, and a certain amount of carbon adsorbent 223 is filled therein to generate the first reactor 210. The tar content in the generated product gas is reduced and hydrogen production is increased and fed to subsequent processes (claim 1).

The dual biomass gasification reactor 20 according to the present embodiment is filled with a carbon adsorbent 223 in the form of powder in the second reactor 220 to adsorb tar in the product gas produced by burning in the first reactor 210. By reducing the content of or promoting the decomposition of tar, as well as reducing the content of tar in the generated gas significantly, and promotes the reaction with water in the generated gas to help the production of hydrogen to produce a high calorific value gas Make sure

The carbon adsorbent 223 may include one or more selected from activated carbon and biochar (claim 6). In addition, by adsorbing the tar to reduce the tar content or serves as a catalyst to promote the decomposition of the tar, any material that can help the production of hydrogen by promoting the reaction with water in the product gas can be added without limitation, For example, coke, pumice and the like can be added.

1-4, as the second reactor 220 is installed to communicate with the first reactor 210, the bottom surface of the second reactor 220 connected to the first reactor 210 may be opened. The dispersion plate 240 is formed on the bottom surface. In addition, a carbon adsorbent 223 is filled in the second reactor 220, and the carbon adsorbent 223 may be positioned above the dispersion plate 240.

In the first reactor 210 and the second reactor 220 constituting the dual biomass gasification reactor 20 of the present embodiment, the generated gas generated in the first reactor 210 may be introduced into the second reactor 220. If there is a form can be implemented in various forms without limitation, in the present embodiment by placing the first reactor 210 and the second reactor 220 in the form as shown in Figures 2-4 dual biomass gasification reactor ( 20). 2-4, one side of the second reactor 220 communicating with the first reactor 210 is open, and a dispersion plate 240 is attached to one open side of the first reactor 220. The generated gas generated at 210 may be introduced into the second reactor 220 through the dispersion plate 240 of the second reactor 220.

As shown in FIG. 2, the second reactor 220 is spaced apart from the inner circumference of the first reactor 210 at an inner upper end of the first reactor 210 so as to be positioned at an upper side of the inside of the first reactor 210. It may be fixed to be spaced apart (claim 2). The upper surface 241 and the circumferential surface 243 of the second reactor 220 is formed in a plate shape and the bottom surface is attached to the dispersion plate 240 in an open form, waste wood injected into the first reactor 210 The product gas in which the waste, such as biomass, is gasified may flow through the distribution plate 240 to the inside of the second reactor 220.

In addition, the dual biomass gasification reactor 20 of the present embodiment, as shown in Figure 3, the second reactor 220 may be installed on the top of the first reactor 210 may have a two-stage form (claim 3). . In this case, as shown in FIG. 3, the transverse cross-sectional area of the first reactor 210 located below and the transverse cross-sectional area of the second reactor 220 located above the first reactor 210 may be formed to be substantially the same. Can be.

In addition, the dual biomass gasification reactor 20 of the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, the second reactor 220 is formed in a two-stage shape installed on the top of the first reactor 210, the second reactor 220 Lateral cross-sectional area of the) may be formed larger than the lateral cross-sectional area of the first reactor 210 (claim 4). However, as shown in FIGS. 3-4, when the first reactor 210 and the second reactor 220 are formed in a separated form, a communication portion between the first reactor 210 and the second reactor 220 is provided. If the length 230 is too long, there is a problem that the heat transfer is not efficient, so it may be preferable to form the longitudinal length of the communication portion 230 to be shorter than the longitudinal length of the first reactor 210.

As shown in FIGS. 2-4, the second reactor 220 is positioned at the top of the first reactor 210, so that the product gas generated in the first reactor 210 naturally moves upward to the second reactor ( The unnecessary by-products, which may be flowed to 220, are accumulated under the first reactor 210 by weight, and thus, unnecessary by-products may be prevented from flowing to the second reactor 220. In addition, as the generated gas generated in the first reactor 210 flows directly to the second reactor 220 via the communication site 230, the second reactor 220 does not use a separate heat source, and thus the first reactor. The heat source of 210 can be used as it is.

5 (a) is a perspective view of the dispersion plate 240 for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium shown in Figures 1-4, Figure 5 (b) is a flow rate reduction of the fluidized bed medium shown in Figures 1-4 It is a rear view of the dispersion plate 240 for. 6 is a view showing the flow of the gas inside the two-stage biomass gasification reactor 20 shown in FIG.

On the other hand, the scale of the device for large-scale biomass energy production, or the flow rate of the generated gas in the reactor is very fast due to various conditions such as temperature or pressure, so that the catalyst or adsorbent filled in the reactor and Blowing and agglomeration of solid materials in the same powder form may occur. In more detail, when a large amount of product gas generated in the first reactor 210 flows to the second reactor 220 at a high speed by various conditions such as the scale of the reactor, temperature, pressure, etc., the inside of the reactor may be filled. The powdered carbon adsorbent 223 may be lost in all directions and may be lost or aggregated to form agglomerates, thereby causing a problem of reducing tar and reducing hydrogen generation efficiency of the reactor.

Conventionally, in order to solve the problem as described above, the solid material, such as the carbon adsorbent 223 is filled in the pellet form, not in the form of a powder to prepare a blown or agglomerated at a high flow rate of the fluidized bed medium, but In the same case, the surface area is smaller than the powder form, and thus the tar reduction and hydrogen generation efficiency are lowered, and when the flow velocity of the fluidized bed medium is increased, even the pellet-type carbon adsorbent 223 is still flying.

In order to solve this problem, in the present embodiment, the dispersion plate 240 as shown in FIG. 5 is installed in the communication portion 230 of the first reactor 210 and the second reactor 220.

Dispersion plate 240 is formed in a cylindrical shape of the top surface 241 is blocked and the bottom surface is open, a plurality of through-holes 247 is formed on the circumferential surface 243 of the cylinder and the bottom circumference of the cylinder is expanded in the form of a plate have. 2-4, the carbon adsorbent 223 in the form of powder may be filled in the upper surface 249 of the lower periphery extended in the form of a plate of the dispersion plate 240.

As shown in FIG. 6, the powdered carbon adsorbent 223 is blown or agglomerated by reducing the flow rate of the generated gas by passing the generated gas generated in the first reactor 210 through the dispersion plate 240. Can be prevented. In particular, the flow rate of the generated gas can be reduced by varying the direction in which the generated gas flows by the dispersion plate 240 several times instead of vertically rising by the dispersion plate 240 in a straight line.

Referring to FIG. 6, the product gas of the first reactor 210 does not immediately rise vertically and flows to the second reactor 220, but the product gas of the first reactor 210 is collected to open the dispersion plate 240. After passing through the lower surface, the product gas introduced into the open lower surface of the dispersion plate 240 is communicated through the circumferential surface 243 of the cylindrical dispersion plate 240, that is, the plurality of through holes 247 on the side surface ( As it flows to the 230 and flows to the second reactor 220 through the powdery carbon adsorbent 223 located on the upper surface 249 of the lower periphery extending in the form of a plate of the dispersion plate 240 to the side, The flow direction of the gas varies several times.

 That is, the product gas generated in the first reactor 210 does not immediately rise vertically and flows to the second reactor 220, but the direction in which the product gas flows by the dispersion plate 240 is changed several times. The flow rate of the can be reduced, accordingly, the blowing and agglomeration of the carbon adsorbent 223 located on the upper surface 249 of the lower periphery extended in the form of a plate of the dispersion plate 240 is reduced, the double biomass of the present embodiment Tar reduction and hydrogen production efficiency by the gasification reactor can be significantly improved.

Referring to FIG. 6, since the generated gas generated in the first reactor 210 flows through the dispersion plate 240 to the second reactor 220, the flow rate may be reduced, so that the generated gas is generated in the first reactor 210. The circumference of the lower end of the distribution plate 240 is fitted with the circumference of the communication portion 230 in which the distribution plate 240 is installed so that the generated gas flows through the distribution plate 240 to the second reactor 220. It should be formed in the form. In addition, a separate component such as a rubber ring may be added to the circumferential surface 243 of the distribution plate 240 to be in close contact with the inner circumferential surface 243 of the communication portion 230.

On the other hand, as shown in Figure 4-6, when the transverse cross-sectional area of the second reactor 220 is formed wider than the transverse cross-sectional area of the first reactor 210, the first reactor 210 and the second reactor 220 As the communication portion 230 is formed in such a shape that the area becomes wider from the first reactor side to the second reactor side, the flow rate of the generated gas exiting the through hole 247 of the dispersion plate 240 may be further reduced. .

As described above, the dual biomass gasification reactor 20 including the dispersion plate 240 may be applied to a large-scale process or may be applied to a second reactor in the first reactor 210 even if the flow velocity of the fluidized bed medium is increased by conditions such as temperature and pressure. As the flow velocity of the fluidized bed medium flowing into the reactor 220 can be effectively reduced, blowing and agglomeration can be prevented even when using the carbon adsorbent 223 in the form of powder, and the efficiency of tar removal and hydrogen generation is improved. You can. In addition, by adjusting the particle diameter or the number of the plurality of through holes 247 formed on the circumferential surface 243 of the dispersion plate 240, it is possible to adjust the degree of flow rate reduction of the fluidized bed medium by the dispersion plate 240, which is a two-stage biomass It can be freely adjusted according to the size of the gasification reactor 20, biomass energy generation amount and the like.

As shown in Figure 6, the tar content of the product gas passing through the carbon adsorbent 223 in the form of powder is reduced and a high calorific value gas with improved hydrogen concentration is produced. As such, the high calorific value generated gas having reduced tar content and improved hydrogen concentration may be flowed to a subsequent process through the cyclone 225. The cyclone 225 prevents the outflow of the carbon adsorbent 223 filled therein while discharging the product gas having reduced tar content in the second reactor 220 in a subsequent process (claim 9). At this time, the cyclone 225 may have a structure in which a lower end of the cyclone 225 is bent so that tar is reduced and the hydrogen concentration does not interfere with the rise of the high calorific value gas.

The surface adjacent to the inner space of the first reactor among the peripheral surfaces of the cylinder of the dispersion plate may include a coating with nickel. Furthermore, in one embodiment, the surface adjacent to the inner space of the first reactor in addition to the circumferential surface of the cylinder of one surface of the dispersion plate of the gasification reactor may include a coating with nickel (242). As described above, when the surface adjacent to the inner space of the first reactor of one side of the dispersion plate is coated with nickel, tar and ammonia present in the first reactor may react with nickel to reduce the content of tar and ammonia in the gas. .

In one embodiment, the sand packed inside the first reactor allows for smooth gasification of the waste while flowing along the air stream of the external heat source, and can remove tar deposited on the nickel coating layer, thereby inhibiting inactivation of nickel. can do.

In addition, the second reactor 220 communicates the inside of the first reactor 210 and the inside of the second reactor 220 with each other so that the carbon adsorbent 223 inside the second reactor 220 is maintained in a certain amount. ), A second pipe 221 is installed which flows toward the first reactor 210 (claim 8). The excess carbon adsorbent 223 of the second reactor 220 may flow along the second pipe to the first reactor 210 and then flow through the first pipe 211 to be stored in the receiving portion 213. .

As shown in FIGS. 2-4, the second pipe 221 may be in communication with the inside at a predetermined height of the second reactor 220 and may pass through the distribution plate 240 to communicate with the first reactor 210. However, the present invention is not limited thereto and may be implemented in various forms capable of communicating the second reactor 220 and the first reactor 210.

However, the lower end of the second pipe 221 is the first pipe 211 so that the carbon adsorbent 223 discharged through the second pipe 221 may be stored in the accommodating part 213 through the first pipe 211. It should be formed higher than the top of In addition, at the lower end of the second pipe 221 and the lower end of the first pipe 211, a separate carbon adsorbent 223 discharged from the second pipe 221 flows to the first pipe 211. The configuration of may be added.

On the other hand, the dual biomass gasification reactor 20 can reduce the amount of particles contained in the product gas in the following manner. For example, the surplus biochar in the first reactor 210 is discharged to the receiving portion 213 through the first pipe 211, and the carbon adsorbent 223 inside the second reactor 220 through the cyclone 225. ) And discharge the excess carbon adsorbent 223 inside the second reactor 220 through the first pipe 210 to the receiving portion 213 through the second pipe 221. have.

As described above, the carbon adsorbent filled in the dual biomass gasification reactor may be in the form of a powder, and the carbon adsorbent in the form of pellets may be used in a powder form according to external conditions such as reaction conditions and biomass energy generation.

The heat source supply means 30 serves to supply a preliminary heat source and air to the first reactor 210 and also to supply water vapor as necessary, and is formed in a general configuration relationship used in a fluidized bed gasifier.

The purifying means 40 serves to purify the exhaust gas discharged from the second reactor 220 to be used for electric power production, etc., and is formed in a general configuration relationship used in the fluidized bed gasifier.

Gasification reactor 20 equipped with a dispersion plate 240 for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium of the present embodiment can adjust the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium in the reactor, so it can be applied to large scale processes as well as small scale processes Can be utilized in

That is, the gasification apparatus including the gasification reactor 20 with the dispersion plate 240 for reducing the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium of the embodiment of the present invention is a waste injection means 10 for injecting waste, the fluidized bed medium of the present invention As it includes a gasification reactor 20, a heat source supply means 30, and a purification means 40 provided with a dispersion plate 240 for reducing the flow rate, power generation, fuel cells, chemicals, as well as small scale processes It can be stably applied to industrial raw materials to produce high calorific value gas with high hydrogen concentration while having low tar content.

Experimental Example

Hereinafter, a gasification apparatus equipped with a dual biomass gasification reactor according to an embodiment of the present invention configured as described above was tested for tar reduction and hydrogen generation efficiency in the generated gas.

First, the gasification apparatus containing the gasification reactor of Example 1, the comparative example 1, and the comparative example 2 containing the structure of following Table 1 was comprised.

In Example 1, the upper surface of the present embodiment is clogged and the bottom surface is formed in an open cylindrical shape. And while installed in the communication portion of the second reactor, Comparative Example 2, unlike the present embodiment is provided with a plate-shaped dispersion plate is formed with a plurality of holes.

	Example 1	Comparative Example 1	Comparative Example 2
First reactor	○	○	○
Second reactor	○	○	○
Dispersion	○ (flow rate reduction type)	X	○ (flat type)
Carbon adsorbent in powder form	○	X	○

Thereafter, the same amount of waste wood was added to each of the first reactors to proceed with the gasification reaction, and the reaction conditions are shown in Table 2 below.

	Example 1	Comparative Example 1	Comparative Example 2
Reactor 1 temperature (℃)	803	793	784
Reactor 2 temperature (℃)	808	800	807
Equivalence ratio	0.31	0.31	0.31
Feed rate (g / min)	10	10	8

The gasification of the biomass was carried out under the reaction conditions as shown in Table 2 using a gasification apparatus including a gasification reactor having the configuration of Table 1, and the tar content, condensation tar removal efficiency, and hydrogen concentration in the generated gas were Shown in The condensation tar removal efficiency of Table 3 below is expressed by calculating the amount of the final generated condensation tar of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 by the amount of the final generated condensation tar of Comparative Example 1.

	Example 1 (flow rate reduction type dispersion plate)	Comparative Example 1 (Carbon Adsorbent X )	Comparative Example 2 (flat dispersion plate)
H 2 (vol%)	17.3	8.6	19.0
The concentration of tar in the product gas (mg / Nm 3 )	Detection x	1024	Detection x
Amount of condensation tar (g / kg of wood)	0.13	29.31	1.80
Condensation tar removal efficiency (%)	99.6	base	93.8

First, through the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, when the gasifier of Example 1 containing the carbon adsorbent is used, the amount of hydrogen produced is significantly higher than that of the gasifier of Comparative Example 1 that does not include the carbon adsorbent. It can be seen that there are many and the amount of condensation tar is also very small. That is, it is judged that by using the gasifier containing the carbon adsorbent of the present embodiment, it is possible to effectively reduce the tar and to significantly increase the production of hydrogen, thereby producing a gas having a high calorific value.

In addition, through the comparison between Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, in the case of using the gasifier of Example 1 provided with a dispersion plate of the present embodiment, of the Comparative Example 2 provided with a flat plate dispersion plate in the form of a plate with a plurality of conventional holes It can be seen that the hydrogen production similar to the case of using a gasifier. In particular, when the gasifier of Example 1 was used, the amount of condensation tar was significantly smaller than that of the gasifier of Comparative Example 1, and the condensation tar removal efficiency was also significantly higher.

This effectively reduces the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium flowing from the first reactor to the second reactor, by preventing the blowing and coalescing of the carbon adsorbent, thereby improving tar reduction efficiency and hydrogen generation efficiency. It seems to be. In addition, when such a dispersion plate is provided, it is determined that the flow velocity of the fluidized bed medium can be effectively reduced, so that the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium can be applied not only to a small scale process but also to a large scale process in which the flow rate of the fluidized bed medium is fast or scaled up.

As described above, the description of the present invention is for the purpose of illustration, and those skilled in the art to which the present invention belongs may easily change to other specific forms without changing the technical spirit or essential features of the present invention. I can understand. Therefore, it is to be understood that the embodiments described above are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. For example, each component described as a single type may be implemented in a distributed manner, and similarly, components described as distributed may be implemented in a combined form.

The scope of the present invention is shown by the following claims rather than the above description, and all changes or modifications derived from the meaning and scope of the claims and their equivalents should be construed as being included in the scope of the present invention. do.

[Description of the code]

10: waste injection means 20: gasification reactor

30: heat source supply means 40: purification means

210: first reactor 211: first pipe

213: receiving portion 220: second reactor

221: second pipe 223: carbon adsorbent

225: cyclone 230: communication site

240: dispersion plate 241: upper surface

242: nickel coating layer 243: circumferential surface

245: open the lower surface 247: through

249: upper surface of the lower periphery extended in the form of a plate of the dispersion plate 240

Claims (10)

1. A first reactor for gasifying the injected waste using an external heat source and its own heat source; And

   It is installed to communicate with the first reactor to use the heat source of the first reactor and filled with a certain amount of carbon adsorbent therein to reduce the content of tar in the product gas produced in the first reactor and increase the hydrogen production subsequent process It includes; a second reactor for supplying,

   The first reactor is filled with a certain amount of sand inside to flow along the air stream of the external heat source to help the combustion of the waste gas to produce gas and bio-char (combustible gas),

   At the communication site of the first reactor and the second reactor

   Double biomass gasification characterized in that the upper surface is blocked and the lower surface is formed in an open cylindrical shape, a plurality of through-holes are formed on the circumferential surface of the cylinder, and the bottom plate of the cylinder is expanded in the form of a plate. Reactor.
2. The method of claim 1,

   The second reactor is fixed to the inner top of the first reactor so as to be located in the upper side of the inside of the first reactor, the dual biomass gasification reactor, characterized in that fixed to have a predetermined interval with the inner circumference of the first reactor .
3. The method of claim 1,

   Dual biomass gasification reactor, characterized in that the second reactor is installed on top of the first reactor having a two-stage form.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein

   Dual biomass gasification reactor, characterized in that the cross-sectional area of the second reactor is larger than the cross-sectional area of the first reactor.
5. The method of claim 1,

   The carbon adsorbent is a double biomass gasification reactor comprising one or more selected from activated carbon, biochar.
6. The method of claim 1,

   The first reactor

   A first pipe installed to communicate with the inside of the first reactor to discharge the surplus biochar to the outside so that the biochar inside the first reactor is maintained in a predetermined amount; And

   And a receiving portion for storing the surplus biochar discharged by gravity along the first pipe.
7. The method of claim 6,

   The second reactor

   The dual biomass further comprises a second pipe in communication with the first reactor and the second reactor to flow a surplus carbon adsorbent toward the first reactor to maintain a predetermined amount of the carbon adsorbent in the second reactor. Gasification reactor.
8. The method of claim 1,

   The inside of the second reactor is a double biomass gasification reactor characterized in that the cyclone is further installed to prevent the outflow of the carbon adsorbent filled therein while discharging the product gas of reduced tar content in a subsequent process.
9. The method of claim 1,

   The biomass gasification reactor of claim 1, wherein the surface adjacent to the inner space of the first reactor is coated with nickel.
10. Waste injecting means for injecting waste;

    10. A dual biomass gasification reactor according to any one of claims 1 to 9;

    Heat source supply means for supplying a preliminary heat source and air to the dual biomass gasification reactor of claim 1; And

    Gasifier device comprising a purifying means for purifying the exhaust gas discharged from the dual biomass gasification reactor of claim 1.

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