WO2018028310A1 - 用于确定预编码矩阵的方法和装置 - Google Patents

用于确定预编码矩阵的方法和装置 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018028310A1
WO2018028310A1 PCT/CN2017/089120 CN2017089120W WO2018028310A1 WO 2018028310 A1 WO2018028310 A1 WO 2018028310A1 CN 2017089120 W CN2017089120 W CN 2017089120W WO 2018028310 A1 WO2018028310 A1 WO 2018028310A1
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Prior art keywords
codebook
spatial correlation
dimension
antenna array
correlation matrix
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PCT/CN2017/089120
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English (en)
French (fr)
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武露
韩玮
施弘哲
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to EP17838441.8A priority Critical patent/EP3522384B1/en
Priority to JP2019507134A priority patent/JP2019525637A/ja
Publication of WO2018028310A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018028310A1/zh
Priority to US16/266,635 priority patent/US11012128B2/en

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/0478—Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimisation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0408—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas using two or more beams, i.e. beam diversity
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/046—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account
    • H04B7/0469—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking physical layer constraints into account taking special antenna structures, e.g. cross polarized antennas into account
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/0478—Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimisation
    • H04B7/0479—Special codebook structures directed to feedback optimisation for multi-dimensional arrays, e.g. horizontal or vertical pre-distortion matrix index [PMI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413—MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0456—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting
    • H04B7/0486—Selection of precoding matrices or codebooks, e.g. using matrices antenna weighting taking channel rank into account
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621—Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626—Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04B—TRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00—Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619—Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636—Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639—Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L5/00—Arrangements affording multiple use of the transmission path
    • H04L5/003—Arrangements for allocating sub-channels of the transmission path
    • H04L5/0048—Allocation of pilot signals, i.e. of signals known to the receiver

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present application relate to the field of wireless communications and, more particularly, to methods and apparatus for determining a precoding matrix.
  • Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output is recognized as the key technology of the 5th Generation mobile communication (5G).
  • 5G 5th Generation mobile communication
  • Massive MIMO systems significant improvements in spectral efficiency are achieved through the use of large-scale antenna arrays. As the number of antennas increases, the required channel state information (CSI) measures a large number of ports, and the pilot overhead is large.
  • CSI channel state information
  • LTE Long Term Evolution
  • R13 a secondary precoding structure can be supported.
  • the second-level precoding achieves spatial dimensionality reduction through the first-level precoding of the radio frequency, which reduces complexity and cost, and achieves multi-user interference suppression through the second-level precoding of the baseband.
  • the first stage precoding is a fixed vertical precoding, and the antenna downtilt is adjusted by analog beamforming so that the beam changes only in the vertical direction.
  • This method cannot accurately match the channel state according to the channel space characteristics of the user, so the channel capacity is also not optimal. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a technology capable of determining a first-stage precoding matrix according to a channel state, implementing three-dimensional precoding, and improving channel capacity.
  • the present application provides a method and apparatus for determining a precoding matrix to determine a first level precoding matrix based on spatial correlation matrix information of various dimensions, thereby implementing three-dimensional precoding, improving channel capacity, and improving system performance. .
  • a method for determining a precoding matrix comprising:
  • the base station sends multiple sets of first reference signals, the multiple sets of first reference signals are in one-to-one correspondence with multiple dimensions of the antenna array, and each set of the first reference signals of the multiple sets of first reference signals is used for the terminal Estimating spatial correlation matrix information on the dimension;
  • the spatial correlation matrix information is information of a spatial correlation matrix of multiple dimensions that the terminal feeds back based on the multiple sets of first reference signals
  • the spatial correlation matrix information is information of the complete spatial correlation matrix determined by the terminal based on the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions
  • a first level precoding matrix is determined based on the spatial correlation matrix information.
  • the reference signal of each dimension is sent by the base station to obtain spatial correlation matrix information fed back by the terminal, and the spatial correlation matrix information can accurately reflect the space of the channel in each dimension. Correlation.
  • the base station determines the first level precoding matrix based on the spatial correlation matrix information, thereby Implement 3D precoding.
  • the reference signal encoded by the first-stage precoding matrix can implement spatial division at the cell level more accurately and flexibly, and adaptively direct the signal beam to one or more main user directions in the cell, thereby improving Channel capacity to improve system performance.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of a spatial correlation matrix
  • the method Before the receiving the spatial correlation matrix information that is sent by the terminal based on the multiple sets of first reference signals, the method further includes:
  • codebook parameter information is used to indicate a codebook parameter group corresponding to a spatial correlation matrix of each dimension, where the base station and the terminal prestore the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions Codebook
  • the receiving the spatial correlation matrix information that is sent by the terminal based on the multiple sets of first reference signals includes:
  • the multiple dimensions include: a horizontal single polarization dimension, a vertical single polarization dimension, and a cross polarization dimension, and the codebooks of the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions have a unified structural form, :
  • ⁇ represents the antenna array
  • the phase difference of the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ i represents the channel power ratio of the i+1th antenna and the first antenna in the antenna array, and ⁇ i >0, i ⁇ [1, n-1], and i is Integer, n is the number of antenna ports in the antenna array.
  • the base station may indicate the codebook parameter group of the quantization spatial correlation matrix that the terminal needs to use by signaling, without separately notifying the terminal to determine the codebook parameter group used by the codebook.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of a spatial correlation matrix
  • the method Before the receiving the spatial correlation matrix information that is sent by the terminal based on the multiple sets of first reference signals, the method further includes:
  • the codebook type information of each codebook is used to indicate a codebook used for estimating the spatial correlation matrix of the corresponding dimension, the base station and the terminal Pre-storing the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions, and the correspondence between the codebook type of the plurality of codebooks and the plurality of codebook parameter groups;
  • the receiving the spatial correlation matrix information that is sent by the terminal based on the multiple sets of first reference signals includes:
  • the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions include a first codebook and a second codebook, where the first codebook is a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a first dimension, and the second codebook
  • the codebook is a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a second dimension, the first dimension being a vertical single polarization dimension, the second dimension being a horizontal cross polarization dimension, or the first dimension being a horizontal single polarization a dimension, the second dimension being a vertical cross-polarization dimension;
  • ⁇ 1 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1, ⁇ 1 represents the amplitude difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, ⁇ 1 represents the phase difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and n 1 is the single polarization
  • the number of antenna ports in the antenna array, the single-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of the same polarization direction in the same row or the same column in the antenna array;
  • ⁇ 2 represents the correlation coefficient of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 2 represents the amplitude difference of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 2 represents the co-polar phase in the cross-polarized antenna array
  • the phase difference between the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 represent the correlation between the antenna ports of the two polarization directions, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ and ⁇ 2 > 0, n 2
  • the cross-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of two polarization directions in the same row or the same column in the antenna array.
  • the terminal only needs to determine the corresponding codebook parameter group according to the codebook type indicated by the base station, so that the spatial correlation matrix can be estimated; and in this case, the terminal only It is necessary to estimate the spatial correlation matrix based on two sets of reference signals, which reduces the workload.
  • the base station can indicate the codebook type of the quantization spatial correlation matrix that the terminal needs to use by signaling, without separately notifying which dimension the currently transmitted reference signal is sent by the terminal.
  • the method further include:
  • a second level precoding matrix is determined according to the second level PMI.
  • the second level PMI is a PMI in the channel state information CSI fed back by the second level precoding matrix.
  • the base station determines the second-level precoding matrix based on the correlation feature of the equivalent channel fed back by the terminal, which can improve the accuracy of the second-level precoding matrix, thereby improving system performance.
  • the codebook used to feed back the second level PMI is:
  • W 1 is determined according to the first level precoding matrix
  • G 1 is used to represent a group of bases in a first polarization direction
  • G 2 is used to represent a group of bases in a second polarization direction
  • G 1 [ g 1 g 2 ... g M ]
  • G 2 [g' 1 g' 2 ... g' M ]
  • the number of non-zero elements in W 2 is greater than 1
  • ⁇ , ⁇ are quantization coefficients
  • ⁇ is polarization direction
  • the difference between the amplitudes, ⁇ is the phase difference between the polarization directions.
  • determining W 1 by the first-stage precoding matrix reduces the feedback overhead of the terminal feedback W 1 .
  • Determining the PMI for determining the second-level precoding matrix based on the first-stage precoding matrix can improve the accuracy of the second-level precoding.
  • v 1 to v S are column vectors of different N ⁇ 1 dimensions
  • v 1 to v S are N/S ⁇ 1 dimensional column vectors, N is the number of antenna ports of the antenna array, and S is the number of antenna ports transmitting the reference signal after the first stage precoding, and S ⁇ N.
  • the method further includes:
  • indication information of the first level precoding matrix where the indication information of the first level precoding matrix is used to indicate a codebook type of the first level precoding matrix, and the indication of the first level precoding matrix Information is used by the terminal to determine the second level PMI.
  • the present application provides a method for determining a precoding matrix, including:
  • the spatial correlation matrix information is used to determine a first level precoding matrix
  • the spatial correlation matrix information is: the terminal is based on the multiple sets of first reference signals
  • the information of the spatial correlation matrix of the plurality of dimensions fed back, or the spatial correlation matrix information is information of the complete spatial correlation matrix determined by the terminal based on the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions.
  • the method for determining a precoding matrix in the embodiment of the present application by receiving a reference signal of each dimension by the receiving base station, and feeding back the spatial correlation matrix information to the base station based on the reference signals of the respective dimensions, the spatial correlation matrix information can be accurately Reflects the spatial correlation of channels in various dimensions.
  • the base station determines the first-level precoding matrix based on the spatial correlation matrix information, thereby implementing three-dimensional precoding.
  • the reference signal encoded by the first-stage precoding matrix can implement spatial division at the cell level more accurately and flexibly, and adaptively direct the signal beam to one or more main user directions in the cell, thereby improving Channel capacity to improve system performance.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of a spatial correlation matrix
  • the method further includes:
  • codebook parameter information is used to indicate a codebook parameter group corresponding to a spatial correlation matrix of each dimension, where the base station and the terminal prestore the plurality of a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of dimensions;
  • the estimating the spatial correlation matrix based on the plurality of sets of first reference signals includes:
  • the spatial correlation matrix information is estimated based on the plurality of sets of first reference signals and the codebook parameter information.
  • the multiple dimensions include: a horizontal single polarization dimension, a vertical single polarization dimension, and a cross polarization dimension, and the codebooks of the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions have a unified structural form,
  • the unified structure is:
  • ⁇ represents the antenna array
  • the phase difference of the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ i represents the channel power ratio of the i+1th antenna and the first antenna in the antenna array, and ⁇ i >0, i ⁇ [1, n-1], and i is Integer, n is the number of antenna ports in the antenna array.
  • the base station may indicate the codebook parameter group of the quantization spatial correlation matrix that the terminal needs to use by signaling, without separately notifying the codebook parameter group used by the reference signal currently sent by the terminal.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of a spatial correlation matrix
  • the method further includes:
  • the base station and the terminal pre-store the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions, and the correspondence between the codebook type of the plurality of codebooks and the plurality of codebook parameter groups;
  • the estimating the spatial correlation matrix based on the plurality of sets of first reference signals includes:
  • the spatial correlation matrix information is estimated based on the plurality of sets of first reference signals and the codebook type information.
  • the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions include a first codebook and a second codebook, where the first codebook is a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a first dimension, where The second codebook is a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a second dimension, the first dimension being a vertical single polarization dimension, the second dimension being a horizontal cross polarization dimension, or the first dimension being a horizontal monopole a dimension, the second dimension being a vertical cross-polarization dimension;
  • ⁇ 1 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 1 represents the amplitude difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 1 represents the phase difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, n 1 is an antenna port number in the single-polarized antenna array, where the single-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of the same polarization direction in the same row or the same column in the antenna array;
  • ⁇ 2 represents the correlation coefficient of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 2 represents the amplitude difference of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 2 represents the co-polar phase in the cross-polarized antenna array
  • the phase difference between the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 represent the correlation between the antenna ports of the two polarization directions, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ and ⁇ 2 > 0, n 2
  • the cross-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of two polarization directions in the same row or the same column in the antenna array.
  • the terminal only needs to estimate the spatial correlation matrix according to the codebook parameter group corresponding to the codebook type; and in this case, the terminal only needs to be based on two Group The reference signal is used to estimate the spatial correlation matrix, reducing the workload.
  • the base station can indicate the codebook type of the quantization spatial correlation matrix that the terminal needs to use by signaling, without separately notifying which dimension the currently transmitted reference signal is sent by the terminal.
  • the method further includes:
  • the second level PMI is a PMI in the channel state information CSI fed back by the second level precoding matrix.
  • the base station determines the second-level precoding matrix based on the correlation feature of the equivalent channel fed back by the terminal, which can improve the accuracy of the second-level precoding matrix, thereby improving system performance.
  • the codebook used to feed back the second level PMI is:
  • W 1 is determined according to the first level precoding matrix
  • G 1 is used to represent a group of bases in a first polarization direction
  • G 2 is used to represent a group of bases in a second polarization direction
  • G 1 [ g 1 g 2 ... g M ]
  • G 2 [g' 1 g' 2 ... g' M ]
  • the number of non-zero elements in W 2 is greater than 1
  • ⁇ , ⁇ are quantization coefficients
  • ⁇ is polarization direction
  • the difference between the amplitudes, ⁇ is the phase difference between the polarization directions.
  • determining W 1 by the first-stage precoding matrix reduces the feedback overhead of the terminal feedback W 1 .
  • Determining the PMI for determining the second-level precoding matrix based on the first-stage precoding matrix can improve the accuracy of the second-level precoding.
  • v 1 to v S are column vectors of different N ⁇ 1 dimensions
  • v 1 to v S are N/S ⁇ 1 dimensional column vectors, N is the number of antenna ports of the antenna array, and S is the number of antenna ports transmitting the reference signals after the first stage precoding, and S ⁇ N.
  • the method further includes:
  • the second level PMI is determined according to a codebook type of the first level precoding matrix.
  • Notification terminal of the first stage pre-coding matrix code through the base station transmits to the terminal downlink signaling this type, so that the terminal type based on the codebook, the PMI determining a second stage, a reduction of feedback overhead feedback terminal of W 1.
  • an apparatus for determining a precoding matrix may perform the operations performed by a base station in any of the above-described first aspect or any alternative implementation of the first aspect.
  • the apparatus may comprise a modular unit for performing the operations performed by the base station in any of the above-described first aspects or any of the possible implementations of the first aspect.
  • an apparatus for determining a precoding matrix is provided, and the operations performed by the terminal in any of the optional implementations of the second aspect or the second aspect described above may be performed.
  • the apparatus may comprise a modular unit for performing the operations performed by the terminal in any of the possible implementations of the second aspect or the second aspect described above.
  • a fifth aspect provides an apparatus for determining a precoding matrix, comprising: a receiver, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, and a bus system, wherein the receiver, the transmitter, the memory, and the processor are connected by a bus system, a memory for storing instructions for executing the memory stored instructions to control a receiver to receive a signal, a transmitter to transmit a signal, and when the processor executes the memory stored instructions, the executing causes the processor to execute A method in any aspect or in any possible implementation of the first aspect.
  • an apparatus for determining a precoding matrix comprising: a receiver, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, and a bus system, wherein the receiver, the transmitter, the memory, and the processor are connected by a bus system, a memory for storing instructions for executing the memory stored instructions to control a receiver to receive a signal, a transmitter to transmit a signal, and when the processor executes the memory stored instructions, the executing causes the processor to execute
  • a receiver, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, and a bus system wherein the receiver, the transmitter, the memory, and the processor are connected by a bus system, a memory for storing instructions for executing the memory stored instructions to control a receiver to receive a signal, a transmitter to transmit a signal, and when the processor executes the memory stored instructions, the executing causes the processor to execute
  • a computer storage medium having stored therein program code for indicating an operation performed by a base station in performing any of the above-described first aspect or any alternative implementation of the first aspect.
  • a computer storage medium storing program code for indicating an operation performed by the terminal in performing any of the optional aspects of the second aspect or the second aspect.
  • the feedback period of the spatial correlation matrix information is greater than the feedback period of the second-level PMI.
  • the embodiment of the present application provides a method and an apparatus for determining precoding.
  • the base station sends reference signals of various dimensions to obtain spatial correlation matrix information of each dimension fed back by the terminal, and determines the first based on the spatial correlation matrix information.
  • Level precoding matrix to achieve 3D precoding, improve channel capacity and improve system performance.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system suitable for use in an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a secondary precoding according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of an antenna array according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a precoding matrix according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a method for determining a precoding matrix according to still another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus for determining a precoding matrix according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 9 is another schematic block diagram of an apparatus for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 10 is another schematic block diagram of an apparatus for determining a precoding matrix according to another embodiment of the present application.
  • a component can be, but is not limited to being, a process running on a processor, a processor, an object, an executable, a thread of execution, a program, and/or a computer.
  • an application running on a computing device and a computing device can be a component.
  • One or more components can reside within a process and/or execution thread, and the components can be located on one computer and/or distributed between two or more computers.
  • these components can execute from various computer readable media having various data structures stored thereon.
  • a component may, for example, be based on signals having one or more data packets (eg, data from two components interacting with another component between the local system, the distributed system, and/or the network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems) Communicate through local and/or remote processes.
  • data packets eg, data from two components interacting with another component between the local system, the distributed system, and/or the network, such as the Internet interacting with other systems
  • a terminal device may also be called a user equipment (User Equipment, UE), an access terminal, a subscriber unit, a subscriber station, a mobile station, a mobile station, a remote station, a remote terminal, a mobile device, a user terminal, a terminal, a wireless communication device, and a user.
  • Agent or user device may be a cellular phone, a cordless phone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a Wireless Local Loop (WLL) station, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA), with wireless communication.
  • the network device may be a device for communicating with the mobile device, such as a network side device, and the network side device may be a base station in Global System of Mobile communication (GSM) or Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). (Base Transceiver Station, BTS), or Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (Wideband Code Division) A base station (NodeB, NB) in Multiple Access (WCDMA), which may also be an eNB in an LTE or an Evolutionary Node B (eNodeB), or a relay station, an access point, or a Radio Radio Unit (RRU). ), or in-vehicle devices, wearable devices, and network-side devices in future 5G networks.
  • GSM Global System of Mobile communication
  • CDMA Code Division Multiple Access
  • BTS Base Transceiver Station
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • eNodeB Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access
  • RRU Radio Radio Unit
  • the term "article of manufacture” as used in this application encompasses a computer program accessible from any computer-readable device, carrier, or media.
  • the computer readable medium may include, but is not limited to, a magnetic storage device (eg, a hard disk, a floppy disk, or a magnetic tape, etc.), such as a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disk (Digital Versatile Disk, DVD). Etc.), smart cards and flash memory devices (eg, Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EPROM), cards, sticks or key drivers, etc.).
  • various storage media described herein can represent one or more devices and/or other machine-readable media for storing information.
  • the term "machine-readable medium” may include, without limitation, a wireless channel and various other mediums capable of storing, containing, and/or carrying instructions and/or data.
  • the embodiments of the present application can be applied to an LTE system and a subsequent evolved system, such as 5G, or other wireless communication systems using various radio access technologies, such as using code division multiple access, frequency division multiple access, time division multiple access, and orthogonal.
  • a system of access frequency division multiple access, single carrier frequency division multiple access, etc. is particularly suitable for scenarios requiring channel information feedback and/or applying secondary precoding techniques, such as a wireless network using Massive MIMO technology, and a distributed antenna for application.
  • MIMO multiple-input multiple-output
  • Antenna transmission and reception improve communication quality. It can make full use of space resources and achieve multiple transmission and reception through multiple antennas. It can multiply the system channel capacity without increasing spectrum resources and antenna transmission power.
  • MIMO can be classified into single-user MIMO (SU-MIMO) and multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO). Based on the principle of multi-user beamforming, Massive MIMO arranges hundreds of antennas at the transmitting end, modulates the respective beams for dozens of target receivers, and transmits dozens of signals simultaneously on the same frequency resource through spatial signal isolation. Therefore, Massive MIMO technology can make full use of the spatial freedom brought by large-scale antenna configuration to improve spectrum efficiency.
  • SU-MIMO single-user MIMO
  • MU-MIMO multi-user MIMO
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of a communication system suitable for use in embodiments of the present application.
  • the communication system 100 includes a network device 102 that can include multiple antennas, such as antennas 104, 106, 108, 110, 112, and 114.
  • network device 102 may additionally include a transmitter chain and a receiver chain, as will be understood by those of ordinary skill in the art, which may include multiple components related to signal transmission and reception (eg, processor, modulator, multiplexer) , demodulator, demultiplexer or antenna, etc.).
  • Network device 102 can communicate with a plurality of terminal devices, such as terminal device 116 and terminal device 122. However, it will be appreciated that network device 102 can communicate with any number of terminal devices similar to terminal device 116 or 122.
  • Terminal devices 116 and 122 may be, for example, cellular telephones, smart phones, portable computers, handheld communication devices, handheld computing devices, satellite radios, global positioning systems, PDAs, and/or any other suitable for communicating over wireless communication system 100. device.
  • terminal device 116 is in communication with antennas 112 and 114, wherein antennas 112 and 114 transmit information to terminal device 116 over forward link 118 and receive information from terminal device 116 over reverse link 120.
  • terminal device 122 is in communication with antennas 104 and 106, with antennas 104 and 106 passing through forward link 124 to the end. End device 122 transmits the information and receives information from terminal device 122 over reverse link 126.
  • the forward link 118 can utilize a different frequency band than that used by the reverse link 120, and the forward link 124 can utilize the reverse link. 126 different frequency bands used.
  • FDD Frequency Division Duplex
  • the forward link 118 and the reverse link 120 can use a common frequency band, a forward link 124, and a reverse link.
  • Link 126 can use a common frequency band.
  • Each antenna (or set of antennas consisting of multiple antennas) and/or regions designed for communication is referred to as a sector of network device 102.
  • the antenna group can be designed to communicate with terminal devices in sectors of the network device 102 coverage area.
  • the transmit antenna of network device 102 may utilize beamforming to improve the signal to noise ratio of forward links 118 and 124.
  • the network device 102 uses beamforming to transmit signals to the randomly dispersed terminal devices 116 and 122 in the relevant coverage area, the network device 102 uses a single antenna to transmit signals to all of its terminal devices. Mobile devices are subject to less interference.
  • network device 102, terminal device 116, or terminal device 122 may be a wireless communication transmitting device and/or a wireless communication receiving device.
  • the wireless communication transmitting device can encode the data for transmission.
  • the wireless communication transmitting device may acquire (eg, generate, receive from other communication devices, or store in memory, etc.) a certain number of data bits to be transmitted over the channel to the wireless communication receiving device.
  • Such data bits may be included in a transport block (or multiple transport blocks) of data that may be segmented to produce multiple code blocks.
  • the communication system 100 may be a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) network or a Device to Device (D2D) network or a Machine to Machine (M2M) network or other network.
  • PLMN Public Land Mobile Network
  • D2D Device to Device
  • M2M Machine to Machine
  • 1 is a simplified schematic of an example, and other network devices may also be included in the network, which are not shown in FIG.
  • the network device can be a base station.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a secondary precoding according to an embodiment of the present application.
  • the K data streams to be transmitted are subjected to the second level precoding by the baseband to generate S data streams, and then the first stage precoding is performed by the medium frequency application digital precoding technology to generate N signals to be transmitted on the N antenna ports, and then After being processed by the radio frequency link and the power amplifier, it is transmitted through N antenna ports.
  • N reference signals for example, Channel State Information-Reference Signal (CSI-RS)
  • CSI-RS Channel State Information-Reference Signal
  • the CSI-RS is used for the terminal to perform channel state information measurement, especially for multi-antenna transmission.
  • the CSI-RS is used as an example of a reference signal, and is merely illustrative. It should not be construed as limiting the present application. The present application does not exclude the use of other reference signals for channel state measurement.
  • space reduction can be achieved first by the first level precoding.
  • the dimension of the channel matrix is N Rx ⁇ N Tx , where N Rx represents the number of antenna ports of the receiving device (eg, terminal), and N Tx represents the number of antenna ports of the transmitting device (eg, base station) (eg, in FIG 1, N Tx is N), through a first stage pre-coding matrix N Tx ⁇ N S obtained by coding the equivalent channel dimensions of N Rx ⁇ N S, where, N S denotes the number of antenna ports after dimensionality reduction ( For example, as shown in FIG. 1, N S is S, S ⁇ N).
  • the CSI-RS encoded by the first-stage precoding may be used to obtain CSI of an equivalent channel, for example, including a Precoding Matrix Indicator (PMI), a Rank Indication (RI), and a channel quality indicator ( Channel Quality Indicator, CQI), etc.
  • PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator
  • RI Rank Indication
  • CQI Channel Quality Indicator
  • the base station (ie, an example of the transmitting device) can perform multi-user scheduling and determine the second-level precoding matrix based on the CSI fed back by the terminal to implement multi-user interference suppression.
  • the first stage precoding is a fixed vertical precoding, and the antenna downtilt is adjusted by analog beamforming so that the beam changes only in the vertical direction. That is to say, in the prior art, the first-level precoding is not a full-dimensional precoding, and is limited to the precoding of the vertical dimension. Therefore, the spatial correlation matrix of the channel in each dimension cannot be accurately measured, and then determined according to the spatial correlation matrix of the channel. The first level of precoding matrix. in other words. After the vertical precoding, the beam cannot be accurately pointed to the user direction in the cell, the edge user coverage is not good, the channel capacity cannot be optimal, and the system performance needs to be improved.
  • the present application proposes a method for determining a precoding matrix, which can implement dynamic three-dimensional precoding, so that the first-stage pre-coded beam can accurately point to the user direction, thereby improving channel capacity and improving the system. performance.
  • precoding and “beamforming” (beamforming) are collectively referred to as "precoding”.
  • a 2D planar uniformly spaced antenna array structure may be described in the form of (N 1 , N 2 , Z), where N 1 is included in each column of the antenna array.
  • the number of antenna ports in the same polarization direction, N 2 is the number of columns of the antenna array, and Z is the number of polarization directions.
  • FIG. 3 specifically shows a rectangular uniform antenna array (N 1 , N 2 , 2) with cross polarization and a number of polarization directions of 2.
  • the numerical expression next to each antenna port in the figure is the number of the antenna port.
  • the "antenna port" in the antenna array is also often directly described using the term “antenna”, but the meaning can be understood by those skilled in the art.
  • C represents a first-stage precoding matrix
  • V represents a second-level precoding matrix
  • N is the number of radio frequency channels
  • S is the number of antenna ports that are reduced by the first-stage precoding, and has S ⁇ N.
  • the number of antenna ports of the antenna array corresponds to the number of radio frequency channels.
  • the number of antenna elements of the antenna array may be the same as the number of radio frequency channels, that is, one antenna port is configured for each physical antenna, and each antenna port corresponds to one reference signal.
  • this application does not exclude the possibility that the number of antenna elements of the antenna array is larger than the number of radio frequency channels in the future 5G, that is, one antenna port is configured for one or more physical antennas.
  • the antenna port can be understood as a transmitting antenna that can be recognized by the receiving device or a spatially distinguishable transmitting antenna.
  • each virtual antenna is configured with one antenna port, and each virtual antenna can be a weighted combination of multiple physical antennas, and each antenna port corresponds to one reference signal.
  • an antenna port can be a physical antenna on the transmitting device or a weighted combination of multiple physical antennas on the transmitting device.
  • the antenna port can be defined in accordance with a reference signal associated with the antenna port.
  • an antenna can be understood as an antenna port, and an antenna array can be understood as an array composed of antenna ports, unless otherwise specified.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic flow diagram of a method 400 for determining a precoding matrix, in accordance with an embodiment of the present application, as seen from a device interaction perspective. It should be understood that FIG. 4 illustrates communication steps or operations of the method for determining a precoding matrix in the embodiment of the present application, but the steps or operations are merely examples, and other operations may be performed in the embodiment of the present application or in FIG. 4 Deformation of various operations. Moreover, the various steps in FIG. 4 may be performed in a different order than that presented in FIG. 4, and it is possible that not all operations in FIG. 4 are to be performed.
  • the method 400 includes:
  • the base station sends multiple sets of first reference signals, where the multiple sets of first reference signals are used for estimation of a correlated spatial matrix of the channel.
  • the first reference signal is in one-to-one correspondence with the plurality of dimensions of the antenna array, and each set of first reference signals is used for estimation of a spatial correlation matrix of the channel in the corresponding dimension.
  • the antenna array shown in FIG. 3 can be divided into three dimensions, namely, a vertical single polarization dimension, a horizontal single polarization dimension, and a cross polarization dimension. That is, the base station may transmit three sets of first reference signals corresponding to the three dimensions, and correspondingly, the number of ports for transmitting each group of reference signals are: N 1 , N 2 , and 2.
  • the antenna array shown in FIG. 3 can also be divided into two dimensions, namely, a vertical single polarization dimension and a horizontal cross polarization dimension.
  • the base station transmits two sets of first reference signals corresponding to the two dimensions, and correspondingly, the number of ports for transmitting each set of first reference signals are N 1 and 2N 2 , respectively .
  • the base station may further divide the multiple sets of first reference signals into two dimensions of horizontal and vertical cross polarization, and respectively correspond to N 2 and 2N 1 number of ports for transmitting the first reference signal.
  • the base station may send multiple sets of first reference signals on different antenna ports according to the structure of the antenna array, so that the terminal measures channels corresponding to different antenna ports according to the received first reference signal. Calculate the spatial correlation matrix of the channel.
  • the base station may also transmit a plurality of sets of first reference signals on the same or different antenna ports, and ensure that the plurality of beams for transmitting the reference signals are orthogonal to each other, so that the terminal measures the spatial correlation matrix according to the received reference signals.
  • the specific form of the reference signal may be pre-agreed, for example, using a CSI-RS defined in the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) TS 36.211 V13.1.0 protocol or other reference signals that can meet the requirements. This is not particularly limited.
  • the terminal estimates and feeds back spatial correlation matrix information based on the multiple sets of first reference signals.
  • the terminal performs channel measurement according to the received reference signal, and estimates spatial correlation matrix information according to the channel measurement result, and feeds back the spatial correlation matrix information to the base station.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information can The information about the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions that the terminal feeds back based on the multiple sets of first reference signals; or the spatial correlation matrix information may be: the complete spatial correlation determined by the terminal based on the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions The matrix (hereinafter, for the sake of distinction and description, the complete spatial correlation matrix is recorded as a full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix).
  • the spatial correlation matrix information of the channel may be information of a spatial correlation matrix (or a spatial correlation matrix of the subchannels) decomposed into different dimensions, such as a codeword index representing a spatial correlation matrix of different dimensions; Directly indicate the codeword index of the full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix.
  • the base station determines, according to the spatial correlation matrix information, a first level precoding matrix.
  • the base station may determine the codeword of the spatial correlation matrix according to the spatial correlation matrix information fed back by all the terminals in the area (for example, the cell) that it serves, and determine the first-level precoding according to the codeword of the spatial correlation matrix. matrix.
  • the base station may determine a spatial correlation matrix of different dimensions according to the codeword index of the spatial correlation matrix of the different dimensions.
  • the codeword calculates a full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix; if the spatial correlation matrix information fed back by the terminal is a codeword index directly indicating the full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix, the base station can directly determine the full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix according to the codeword index.
  • the first-level precoding matrix determined by the base station may be directly obtained by calculation according to spatial correlation matrix information; or may be calculated and quantized according to spatial correlation matrix information, for example, according to the calculation result at the first level.
  • the optimal codeword is selected as the first level precoding matrix in the precoding codebook.
  • the method for determining the first-level precoding matrix by the base station according to the codewords of the spatial correlation matrix may be implemented by using a prior art, for example, may be calculated according to a capacity maximization criterion.
  • the specific method for determining, by the base station, the first-level precoding matrix according to the codeword of the spatial correlation matrix is not particularly limited.
  • codewords described herein can be analogized to precoding matrices. It can be understood as an element used to form a codebook.
  • the optimal codeword that is, the element selected from the codebook for matching the spatial correlation matrix.
  • a codeword index which is an index used to indicate a codeword. It should be understood that the codeword as the designation of the elements constituting the codebook shall not constitute any limitation to the present application, and the present application does not exclude the possibility of expressing the same or similar meaning as the "codeword" by other names.
  • the first-level precoding matrix is determined according to the spatial correlation matrix information fed back by the terminal, so that the cell-level spatial division can be implemented more flexibly and accurately, and the signal beam is adaptively directed to one or more main cells in the cell. User orientation to improve system performance.
  • the method for the base station to send multiple sets of first reference signals is not unique, and the terminal may also make different feedbacks based on different methods.
  • two typical methods (methods) based on spatial correlation information of multiple sets of first reference signal feedback channels according to an embodiment of the present application are described in detail with reference to FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 . I and method two). It should be understood that the two methods listed below are only two typical methods for implementing the embodiments of the present application, and should not constitute any limitation to the present application.
  • the present application does not exclude sending multiple sets of first reference signals and A method of predicting a spatial correlation matrix of a channel based on a plurality of sets of first reference signals.
  • the number of receiving antennas of the terminal is M.
  • the dimension of the channel matrix between the base station and the terminal is M ⁇ N.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of codewords of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the method Before receiving the spatial correlation matrix information that the terminal feeds back based on the plurality of sets of first reference signals, the method further includes include:
  • Receiving spatial correlation matrix information that the terminal feeds back based on the multiple sets of first reference signals including:
  • the base station may divide the first reference signal into three groups, which respectively correspond to spatial correlation matrices of three dimensions.
  • the three dimensions include: horizontal single polarization dimension, vertical single polarization dimension, and cross polarization dimension.
  • the base station and the terminal can pre-store codebooks of spatial correlation matrices of multiple dimensions.
  • the codebook of the spatial correlation matrix of the plurality of dimensions has a unified structural form, and the codebook structure is an n ⁇ n Hermitian matrix, specifically:
  • ⁇ represents the amplitude difference of adjacent antenna ports in the antenna array
  • ⁇ represents the antenna array The phase difference between adjacent antenna ports.
  • ⁇ i represents the channel power ratio of the i+1th antenna to the first antenna in the antenna array, and ⁇ i >0, i ⁇ [1, N-1], and i is an integer, n is an antenna port in the antenna array quantity.
  • the base station can determine the optimal codeword of the spatial correlation matrix of each dimension by measuring the spatial correlation matrix of three different dimensions.
  • the values of the parameters in the codebook are different based on different dimensions.
  • the codebook corresponding to the vertical dimension is:
  • U 1 ( ⁇ 1 , N 1 , ⁇ 1,...,1 ⁇ ), ⁇ 1 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antennas in the vertical line array;
  • the codebook corresponding to the horizontal dimension is:
  • ⁇ 2 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antennas in the horizontal line array
  • the codebook corresponding to the cross polarization dimension is:
  • U 3 ( ⁇ 3 , 2, ⁇ ), ⁇ 3 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antennas in the cross-polarized line array.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic flowchart of a method 500 for determining a precoding matrix according to another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 5, the method 500 includes:
  • the base station sends three sets of first reference signals to the terminal according to three different dimensions.
  • the base station can configure the first reference signal based on the horizontal single polarization dimension, the vertical single polarization dimension, and the cross polarization dimension, respectively. Specifically, the base station configures N 1 CSI-RSs, corresponding to a column of single-polarized line arrays in the vertical direction; the base station configures N 2 CSI-RSs, corresponding to a row of single-polarized line arrays in the horizontal direction, and the base station configures 2 CSI-RSs. Corresponding to a set of 2 antennas with cross polarization.
  • the base station sends codebook parameter information to the terminal, where the codebook parameter information is used to indicate a codebook parameter group corresponding to the spatial correlation matrix of each dimension.
  • the base station may send the codebook parameter corresponding to the currently transmitted first reference signal to the terminal.
  • the base station may configure multiple codebook parameter sets (eg, including ⁇ , ⁇ i ).
  • the plurality of codebook parameter sets may correspond to different codebooks (ie, different dimensions). For example, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, different reference signal groups are configured for different dimensions, and the number of antenna ports for transmitting each reference signal group corresponds to N 1 , N 2 , and 2 in the antenna array, respectively.
  • the base station may determine the corresponding codebook parameter group according to the dimension corresponding to the reference signal group, and notify the terminal to determine the codeword of the spatial correlation matrix in the corresponding dimension based on the codebook parameter group.
  • the codebook of the spatial correlation matrix of each dimension may correspond to a codebook parameter group, as shown in Table 1; the codebook of the spatial correlation matrix of each dimension may also correspond to a plurality of codebook parameter groups, as shown in Table 2 Shown in .
  • the base station and the terminal may pre-store the plurality of codebook parameter groups, and each codebook parameter group corresponds to an index of a codebook parameter group.
  • the base station may directly indicate the codebook parameter group used by the spatial correlation matrix of each dimension to the terminal by using Radio Resource Control (RRC) high layer signaling.
  • RRC Radio Resource Control
  • the base station may not pre-configure the plurality of codebook parameter groups, and determine the available values of the codebook parameters according to the dimension or the corresponding codebook, and indicate the code to the terminal by using RRC high-layer signaling. This parameter.
  • the terminal estimates spatial correlation matrix information based on the three sets of first reference signals.
  • the base station determines a spatial correlation matrix according to the spatial correlation matrix information.
  • the terminal separately measures the spatial correlation of each dimension.
  • a matrix or a spatial correlation matrix of subchannels
  • the codeword index of the spatial correlation matrix of each dimension is determined.
  • the dimension of the channel matrix H 1 of the vertical line array measured by the terminal is M ⁇ N 1
  • H 1 H represents a conjugate transposed matrix of H 1
  • E( ) represents an expected value.
  • the terminal may select an optimal codeword according to a minimum distance criterion. That is, as shown in the following formula:
  • trace() represents the trace of the matrix in parentheses
  • represents the matrix norm
  • ⁇ 1 represents the codebook of the spatial correlation matrix of the single-polarized vertical line array.
  • the dimension of the channel matrix H 2 of the horizontal line array measured by the terminal is M ⁇ N 2
  • the N 2 ⁇ N 2 spatial correlation matrix R 2 E(H 2 H H 2 ) of the channel matrix H 2 of the horizontal channel line array is calculated.
  • H 2 H represents a conjugate transposed matrix of H 2
  • ⁇ 2 represents a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a single-polarized horizontal line array.
  • the terminal may select an optimal codeword according to a minimum distance criterion. That is, as shown in the following formula:
  • H 3 H represents a conjugate transposed matrix of H 3
  • ⁇ 3 represents a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a cross-polarized linear array.
  • the terminal may select an optimal codeword according to a minimum distance criterion. That is, as shown in the following formula:
  • the terminal may select an optimal codeword according to the minimum distance criterion described above, or may select an optimal codeword according to other criteria, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the terminal may send the spatial correlation matrix information to the base station.
  • the terminal may directly send the codeword index of the optimal codeword of each dimension to the base station directly.
  • the base station determines the optimal codeword corresponding to each dimension according to the codeword index of each dimension, and then calculates the full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix, that is, the N ⁇ N spatial correlation matrix.
  • the base station may first determine a codeword of a horizontal single polarization dimension.
  • Vertical single-polarized dimension codeword And cross polarization dimension Calculating the full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix by Kronecker product among them, Represents Kronecker.
  • the base station and the terminal may pre-determine the correspondence between the codewords of each dimension and the codeword index, so that after receiving the codeword index fed back by the terminal, the base station may find the corresponding corresponding to each dimension according to the codeword index. Optimal codeword.
  • the terminal may also determine a full-scale N ⁇ N spatial correlation matrix according to an optimal codeword of each dimension. And transmitting the codeword index corresponding to the full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix to the base station.
  • the base station and the terminal may pre-determine the correspondence between the codewords of the spatial correlation matrix and the codeword index, so that after receiving the codeword index fed back by the terminal, the base station may search for the corresponding optimality according to the codeword index. Codeword.
  • the base station only needs to send N 1 +N 2 +2 first reference signals to the terminal, and then the antenna array [N 1 , N 2 , can be simulated according to the spatial correlation matrix information fed back by the terminal. 2]
  • the full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix is the full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix.
  • the base station determines a first-level precoding matrix according to the spatial correlation matrix.
  • S550 is the same as the specific process of S430 in the method 400, and is not described herein again for the sake of brevity.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of codewords of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the method further includes:
  • Sending codebook type information of multiple codebooks corresponding to multiple dimensions where codebook type information of each codebook is used to indicate a codebook used for estimation of a spatial correlation matrix of a corresponding dimension, and the base station and the terminal are pre-stored Having the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions, and the correspondence between the codebook type of the plurality of codebooks and the plurality of codebook parameter sets;
  • Receiving spatial correlation matrix information that the terminal feeds back based on the multiple sets of first reference signals including:
  • the base station may divide the first reference signal into two groups, which respectively correspond to spatial correlation matrices of two dimensions.
  • the first dimension is a vertical single polarization dimension
  • the second dimension is a horizontal cross polarization dimension
  • the first dimension is a horizontal single polarization dimension
  • the second dimension is a vertical cross polarization dimension
  • the specific process of the second method is described in detail by taking the first dimension as the vertical single polarization dimension and the second dimension as the horizontal cross polarization dimension as an example.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic flowchart of a method 600 for determining a precoding matrix according to still another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 6, the method 600 includes:
  • the base station sends two sets of first reference signals to the terminal according to two different dimensions.
  • the base station can configure the first reference signal based on the vertical single polarization dimension and the horizontal cross polarization dimension, respectively. Specifically, the base station configures N 1 CSI-RSs, corresponding to a column of single-polarized linear arrays in the vertical direction; the base station configures 2N 2 CSI-RSs, N 2 corresponds to a horizontally-polarized row of single-polarized linear arrays, and 2 corresponds to one
  • the group has two antennas that are cross-polarized, and 2N 2 corresponds to a horizontal line of horizontally polarized lines.
  • the base station sends code type information to the terminal, where the code type information is used to indicate a type of the codebook of the quantization spatial correlation matrix that the terminal needs to use.
  • the base station can indicate the codebook type to the terminal through the RRC high layer signaling.
  • the first codebook can be used with "0”
  • the second codebook can be used with "1".
  • the base station and the terminal may pre-store the correspondence between the codebook type and the codebook parameter group.
  • the terminal may use the codebook type.
  • a set of codebook parameters for determining codewords of the spatial correlation matrix is determined.
  • the base station may also directly send the codebook parameter group to the terminal, so that the terminal determines the codeword of the spatial correlation matrix according to the codebook type and the codebook parameter group.
  • the terminal estimates spatial correlation matrix information based on the two sets of first reference signals.
  • the base station determines a spatial correlation matrix according to the spatial correlation matrix information.
  • the terminal may determine, according to the first codebook and the second codebook, codewords of the spatial correlation matrix of the first dimension, respectively. And the codeword of the spatial correlation matrix of the second dimension
  • the terminal can determine the optimal codeword by the method described in Method 1, for example, the minimum distance criterion.
  • the codeword of the first codebook Is a Hermitian matrix of n 1 ⁇ n 1 and satisfies
  • ⁇ 1 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 1 represents the amplitude difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 1 represents the phase difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, n 1 is the number of antenna ports in a single-polarized antenna array, and the single-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of the same polarization direction in the same row or the same column in the antenna array.
  • Codeword of the second codebook Is a 2n 2 ⁇ 2n 2 Hermitian matrix and satisfies
  • ⁇ 2 represents the correlation coefficient of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 2 represents the amplitude difference of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 2 represents the co-polar phase in the cross-polarized antenna array
  • the phase difference between the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 represent the correlation between the antenna ports of the two polarization directions, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ and ⁇ 2 > 0, n 2
  • the cross-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of the same row in the antenna array or two polarization directions in the same column.
  • U( ⁇ , n) may correspond to U( ⁇ 1 , n 1 ) and U( ⁇ 2 , n 2 ) respectively.
  • n 1 N 1
  • n 2 N 2 . among them, The dimension is N 1 ⁇ N 1
  • the dimension is 2N 2 ⁇ 2N 2 .
  • the dimension is N ⁇ N.
  • the base station determines, according to the spatial correlation matrix information, a first level precoding matrix.
  • the base station only needs to send N 1 + 2N 2 (or 2N 1 + N 2 ) first reference signals to the terminal, so that the antenna array can be simulated according to the spatial correlation matrix information fed back by the terminal.
  • Steps S410-S430 can be implemented by method 500 or method 600. That is, S410 to S430 can be replaced with S510 to S550 or S610 to S650.
  • the base station may send multiple sets of first reference signals according to a certain period (referred to as a first period for convenience of distinction and description), and the terminal may be based on the same period (ie, the first period).
  • the spatial correlation matrix information is fed back, so that the base station dynamically adjusts the first-level precoding matrix according to the spatial correlation matrix information of the channel fed back by the terminal, so that the beam after the first-stage pre-coding can accurately point to multiple user directions in the cell,
  • the equivalent channel is measured based on Beam-formed CSI-RS.
  • the first period can be understood as the feedback period of the spatial correlation matrix information.
  • the method 400 further includes:
  • the base station sends at least one second reference signal that is encoded by the first-stage precoding matrix, where the at least one second reference signal is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one spatial direction.
  • the channel matrix is M ⁇ N
  • the dimension of the first-stage precoding matrix is N ⁇ S.
  • the dimension of the equivalent channel is M ⁇ S.
  • the S Beam-formed CSI-RSs are used for the measurement of the equivalent channel M ⁇ S and point to the S main user directions.
  • the number of antenna ports corresponding to the CSI information to be fed back (for example, including PMI, RI, and CQI, etc.) is reduced from N to S, and the dimensionality of the feedback overhead is reduced.
  • the specific form of the second reference signal may be pre-defined, for example, using the CSI-RS defined in the 3GPP TS 36.211 V13.1.0 protocol or other reference signals that can meet the requirements, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the terminal determines and feeds back the second-level PMI based on the at least one second reference signal.
  • the base station determines a second-level precoding matrix according to the second-level PMI fed back by the terminal.
  • the second level PMI is a PMI in the channel state information CSI fed back by the second level precoding matrix.
  • the second level PMI is a PMI for determining the second level precoding matrix.
  • the terminal may determine and feed back the second-level PMI by using a solution in the prior art.
  • a technical solution for determining the second-level PMI in the existing LTE system may be adopted, and a specific codeword is selected in the codebook for PMI feedback defined in the 3GPP TS 36.211 V13.1.0 protocol and the second-level PMI is determined.
  • the terminal may determine and feed back the PMI (or the quantization PMI) according to the following codebook:
  • G 1 is used to represent a group of bases in a first polarization direction (for example, a first polarization direction is "/")
  • G 2 is used to indicate a second polarization direction (for example, the second polarization direction is " ⁇ " a set of bases.
  • G 1 [g 1 g 2 ... g M ]
  • G 2 [g' 1 g' 2 ... g' M ].
  • g i and g′ i are respectively N ⁇ 1 column vectors, and each g i or g′ i represents the direction of one beam.
  • W 2 is a weighting coefficient for each beam represented in W 1 .
  • ⁇ and ⁇ are quantized coefficients
  • ⁇ is a magnitude difference between polarization directions
  • ⁇ is a phase difference between polarization directions
  • ⁇ j ⁇ may be referred to as cross-polarized discrimination (XPD).
  • the number of non-zero elements in W 2 is greater than 1, that is, the number of beams corresponding to W obtained after calculation is also greater than 1. That is to say, the number of beams to be weighted is greater than 1, thereby achieving multi-beam reconstruction.
  • W 1 is related to the first-stage precoding matrix C, that is, W 1 is determined according to the first-stage precoding matrix. Specifically, W 1 may be based on C and a full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix to make sure. As follows:
  • v i is a full-dimensional spatial correlation matrix
  • W 1 is determined according to C.
  • the terminal does not need feedback codeword W 1 to the base station, the base station only needs to feedback the W 2 code word, the base station can be obtained by the methods described above according to a first stage pre-coding matrix C
  • the terminal feeding back the codeword of W 2 to the base station is determined and fed back after the terminal determines W. That is, the terminal needs to match the channel matrix of the equivalent channel by the combination of W 1 and W 2 ,
  • the most preferred codeword Determine the codeword of the equivalent channel and use it to calculate the optimal codeword W 2 is fed back to the base station as a second level PMI. Therefore, the terminal needs to know the first-stage precoding matrix C when determining W 2 .
  • the base station can determine the second level precoding matrix according to at least the second level PMI.
  • the base station does not only determine the second-level precoding matrix according to the second-level PMI, but also determines the second-level precoding matrix according to other information fed back by the terminal, such as CQI, RI, and the like.
  • CQI CQI
  • RI information fed back by the terminal
  • the above-listed information for the base station to determine the second level precoding matrix is merely exemplary and should not be construed as limiting the application.
  • the specific process for the base station to determine the second-level precoding matrix can be implemented by the prior art, and is not the core of the present application. For brevity, details are not described herein again.
  • the base station may send, by using downlink signaling, indication information of the first-level precoding matrix C to the terminal, so that the terminal obtains spatial correlation according to the first-level precoding matrix C and the method described above.
  • matrix To calculate W 1 The terminal may further determine W according to W 1 and W 2 determined by itself, and determine the codeword of the closest equivalent channel by codebook matching, and feed back the corresponding codeword index of W 2 to the base station. Thereby, the terminal implements feedback of the PMI to the base station.
  • the terminal may also directly feed back to the base station.
  • the code word index is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the second level PMI includes Codeword index.
  • the method 400 further includes:
  • the indication information of the first-stage precoding matrix sent by the base station, where the indication information of the first-level precoding matrix is used to indicate a codebook type of the first-level precoding matrix, and the indication of the first-level precoding matrix
  • the information is used by the terminal to determine the second level PMI.
  • the codeword in the first level precoded codebook (eg, denoted as ⁇ ) Can be a non-block diagonal structure:
  • v 1 to v S are column vectors different from each other in the N ⁇ 1 dimension.
  • N indicates the number of antenna ports that are not dimension-reduced
  • S indicates the number of antenna ports after dimension reduction.
  • v 1 to v S are selected from a predefined codebook that can be indicated by a Q 1 bit cell, such as a DFT codebook, a Kronecker codebook or a codebook defined in the 3GPP TS 36.211 V13.1.0 protocol, this application There is no limit to this.
  • the first stage of this pre-coding code codeword ⁇ may be indicated by Q 1 S bit cell.
  • the codeword in the first stage precoding codebook ⁇ Can be a block diagonal structure:
  • v 1 ⁇ v S are N/S ⁇ 1 dimensional column vectors, selected from a predefined codebook that can be indicated by a Q 2 bit cell, such as a DFT codebook, a Kronecker codebook or 3GPP TS 36.211
  • the codebook defined in the V13.1.0 protocol is not limited in this application.
  • the base station may indicate, by using 1-bit signaling, a type of the first-level pre-coding codebook ⁇ selected by the terminal, for example, “0” indicates that the non-block diagonal structure codebook is used, and “1” indicates that the foregoing Block diagonal structure codebook.
  • the base station may send multiple sets of second reference signals according to a certain period (referred to as a second period for convenience of distinction and description), and the terminal is based on the same period (ie, the second period) feedback.
  • the PMI of the equivalent channel is such that the base station dynamically adjusts the second-level precoding matrix according to the PMI of the equivalent channel fed back by the terminal.
  • the second period can be understood as the feedback period of the second level PMI.
  • the terminal may separately feed back the second-level PMI, and may also feed back channel information such as RI and/or CQI while feeding back the second-level PMI, which is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the duration of the first period may be greater than the second period. That is, the long-term feedback spatial correlation matrix information and the short-term feedback equivalent channel information enable the base station to adaptively adjust the first-level precoding matrix and the second-level precoding matrix according to the feedback of the terminal, thereby realizing dynamic three-dimensional precoding and improving System capacity to improve system performance.
  • the embodiment of the present application specifies the method for determining the precoding matrix in detail by the second level precoding, but this should not constitute any limitation to the present application.
  • the method for determining a precoding matrix provided by the present application is not limited to being applied in a secondary precoding system, and may be applied to other systems that need to feed back user channel information. It is not particularly limited.
  • Table 3 shows performance comparisons based on simulations of vertical precoding (e.g., LTE R1316-port codebook) in the prior art and the three-dimensional precoding scheme provided by the present application.
  • Table 4 shows the parameters used for the simulation.
  • the three-dimensional precoding scheme provided by the embodiments of the present application is superior to the prior art vertical precoding scheme in terms of cell average performance and cell boundary performance.
  • the reference signal of each dimension is sent by the base station to obtain spatial correlation matrix information of each dimension fed back by the terminal, and the first level predetermination is determined based on the spatial correlation matrix information.
  • the base station determines the second-level precoding matrix based on the correlation feature of the equivalent channel fed back by the terminal, which can improve the accuracy of the second-level precoding matrix, thereby improving system performance.
  • the correlation matrix information and the second-level PMI are capable of adaptively adjusting the first-level precoding matrix and the second-level precoding matrix, thereby implementing dynamic three-dimensional precoding.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 700 for determining a precoding matrix, in accordance with an embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 7, the apparatus 700 includes a sending module 710, a receiving module 720, and a determining module 730.
  • the sending module 710 is configured to send multiple sets of first reference signals, and the multiple sets of first reference signals are in one-to-one correspondence with multiple dimensions of the antenna array, and each set of the first reference signals in the multiple sets of first reference signals is used. Estimating spatial correlation matrix information in the corresponding dimension of the terminal;
  • the receiving module 720 is configured to receive spatial correlation matrix information that the terminal feeds back based on the multiple sets of first reference signals;
  • the determining module 730 is configured to determine a first level precoding matrix according to the spatial correlation matrix information received by the receiving module 720.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the sending module 710 is further configured to send codebook parameter information, where the codebook parameter information is used to indicate a code corresponding to a spatial correlation matrix of each dimension.
  • the parameter group wherein the base station and the terminal pre-store a codebook of the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions;
  • the receiving module 720 is specifically configured to receive an index of a codeword of the spatial correlation matrix that the terminal feeds back based on the multiple sets of first reference signals and the codebook parameter information.
  • the multiple dimensions include: a horizontal single polarization dimension, a vertical single polarization dimension, and a cross polarization dimension, and the codebooks of the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions have a unified structural form, and the unified structural form is :
  • ⁇ represents the antenna array
  • the phase difference of the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ i represents the channel power ratio of the i+1th antenna and the first antenna in the antenna array, and ⁇ i >0, i ⁇ [1, n-1], and i is Integer, n is the number of antenna ports in the antenna array.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the sending module 710 is further configured to send codebook type information of multiple codebooks corresponding to multiple dimensions, and the codebook of each codebook
  • the type information is used to indicate a codebook used for estimating the spatial correlation matrix of the corresponding dimension, and the base station and the terminal both prestore the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions, and the codebook type of the plurality of codebooks Correspondence of multiple codebook parameter groups;
  • the receiving module 720 is specifically configured to receive an index of the codewords of the plurality of sets of first reference signals and the spatial correlation matrix of the codebook type information feedback.
  • the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions include a first codebook and a second codebook, where the first codebook is a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a first dimension, and the second codebook is A codebook of a two-dimensional spatial correlation matrix, wherein the first dimension is a vertical single polarization dimension, the second dimension is a horizontal cross polarization dimension, or the first dimension is a horizontal single polarization dimension, and the second dimension is Vertical cross polarization dimension;
  • ⁇ 1 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 1 represents the amplitude difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 1 represents the phase difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, n 1 is the number of antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and the single-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of the same polarization direction in the same row or the same column in the antenna array;
  • ⁇ 2 represents the correlation coefficient of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 2 represents the amplitude difference of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 2 represents the co-polar phase in the cross-polarized antenna array
  • the phase difference between the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 represent the correlation between the antenna ports of the two polarization directions, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ and ⁇ 2 > 0, n 2
  • the cross-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of two polarization directions in the same row or the same column in the antenna array.
  • the sending module 710 is further configured to send at least one second reference signal that is encoded by the first level precoding matrix, where the at least one second reference signal is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one spatial direction;
  • the receiving module 720 is further configured to receive a second level precoding matrix indication PMI that the terminal feeds back based on the at least one second reference signal;
  • the determining module 730 is further configured to determine a second level precoding matrix according to the second level PMI;
  • the codebook used to feed back the second-level PMI is:
  • W 1 is determined according to the first-stage precoding matrix
  • G 1 is used to represent a group of bases in the first polarization direction
  • G 2 is used to represent a group of bases in the second polarization direction
  • G 1 [g 1 g 2 ... g M ]
  • G 2 [g' 1 g' 2 ... g' M ]
  • the number of non-zero elements in W 2 is greater than 1
  • ⁇ , ⁇ are quantization coefficients
  • ⁇ is between polarization directions
  • the difference in amplitude, ⁇ is the phase difference between the polarization directions.
  • v 1 to v S are column vectors of different N ⁇ 1 dimensions
  • v 1 to v S are N/S ⁇ 1 dimensional column vectors, N is the number of antenna ports of the antenna array, and S is the number of antenna ports transmitting the reference signal after the first stage precoding, and S ⁇ N.
  • the sending module 710 is further configured to send the indication information of the first level precoding matrix, where the indication information of the first level precoding matrix is used to indicate a codebook type of the first level precoding matrix, where the The indication information of the primary precoding matrix is used by the terminal to determine the second level PMI.
  • the apparatus 700 for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application may correspond to a base station in a method for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 700 for determining a precoding matrix
  • the respective modules and the other operations and/or functions described above are respectively implemented in order to implement the corresponding processes of the methods in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 , and are not described herein again for brevity.
  • the apparatus for determining a precoding matrix in the embodiment of the present application obtains spatial correlation matrix information fed back by the terminal by transmitting reference signals of respective dimensions, and the spatial correlation matrix information can accurately reflect spatial correlation of channels in each dimension. Sex. And determining the first-level precoding matrix based on the spatial correlation matrix information, thereby implementing three-dimensional precoding.
  • the reference signal encoded by the first-stage precoding matrix can implement spatial division at the cell level more accurately and flexibly, and adaptively direct the signal beam to one or more main user directions in the cell, thereby improving Channel capacity to improve system performance.
  • FIG. 8 is a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 800 for determining a precoding matrix, in accordance with another embodiment of the present application. As shown in FIG. 8, the apparatus 800 includes a receiving module 810, a processing module 820, and a transmitting module 830.
  • the receiving module 810 is configured to receive multiple sets of first reference signals sent by the base station, where the multiple sets of first reference signals are in one-to-one correspondence with multiple dimensions of the antenna array, and each of the multiple sets of first reference signals is first.
  • the reference signal is used by the terminal to estimate spatial correlation matrix information in a corresponding dimension;
  • the processing module 820 is configured to estimate the spatial correlation matrix information based on the multiple sets of first reference signals
  • the sending module 830 is configured to send the spatial correlation matrix information to the base station, where the spatial correlation matrix information is used to determine a first level precoding matrix.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the receiving module 810 is further configured to receive codebook parameter information sent by the base station, where the codebook parameter information is used to indicate spatial correlation of each dimension.
  • the processing module 820 is specifically configured to estimate the spatial correlation matrix information based on the multiple sets of first reference signals and the codebook parameter information.
  • the multiple dimensions include: a horizontal single polarization dimension, a vertical single polarization dimension, and a cross polarization dimension, and the codebooks of the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions have a unified structural form, and the unified structural form is :
  • ⁇ represents the antenna array
  • the phase difference of the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ i represents the channel power ratio of the i+1th antenna and the first antenna in the antenna array, and ⁇ i >0, i ⁇ [1, n-1], and i is Integer, n is the number of antenna ports in the antenna array.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the receiving module 810 is further configured to receive, according to the codebook type information of the multiple codebooks corresponding to the multiple dimensions sent by the base station, each code
  • the codebook type information is used to indicate a codebook used for estimating the spatial correlation matrix of the corresponding dimension, and the base station and the terminal both prestore the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions, and the plurality of codebooks.
  • the processing module 820 is specifically configured to estimate the spatial correlation matrix information based on the multiple sets of first reference signals and the codebook type information.
  • the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions include a first codebook and a second codebook, where the first codebook is a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a first dimension, and the second codebook is A codebook of a two-dimensional spatial correlation matrix, wherein the first dimension is a vertical single polarization dimension, the second dimension is a horizontal cross polarization dimension, or the first dimension is a horizontal single polarization dimension, and the second dimension is Vertical cross polarization dimension;
  • ⁇ 1 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 1 represents the amplitude difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 1 represents the phase difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, n 1 is the number of antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and the single-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of the same polarization direction in the same row or the same column in the antenna array;
  • ⁇ 2 represents the correlation coefficient of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 2 represents the amplitude difference of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 2 represents the co-polar phase in the cross-polarized antenna array
  • the receiving module 810 is further configured to receive, by the base station, at least one second reference signal that is encoded by the first-stage precoding matrix, where the at least one second reference signal is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one spatial direction;
  • the processing module 820 is further configured to determine, according to the at least one second reference signal, a second level precoding matrix indication PMI;
  • the sending module 830 is further configured to send the second level PMI to the base station, where the second level PMI is used by the base station to determine a second level precoding matrix;
  • the codebook used to feed back the second-level PMI is:
  • W 1 is determined according to the first-stage precoding matrix
  • G 1 is used to represent a group of bases in the first polarization direction
  • G 2 is used to represent a group of bases in the second polarization direction
  • G 1 [g 1 g 2 ... g M ]
  • G 2 [g' 1 g' 2 ... g' M ]
  • the number of non-zero elements in W 2 is greater than 1
  • ⁇ , ⁇ are quantization coefficients
  • ⁇ is between polarization directions
  • the difference in amplitude, ⁇ is the phase difference between the polarization directions.
  • v 1 to v S are column vectors of different N ⁇ 1 dimensions
  • v 1 to v S are N/S ⁇ 1 dimensional column vectors, N is the number of antenna ports of the antenna array, and S is the number of antenna ports transmitting the reference signals after the first stage precoding, and S ⁇ N.
  • the receiving module 810 is further configured to receive indication information of the first level precoding matrix sent by the base station, where the indication information of the first level precoding matrix is used to indicate a codebook of the first level precoding matrix Types of;
  • the processing module 820 is specifically configured to determine the second-level PMI according to the codebook type of the first-level precoding matrix.
  • the apparatus 800 for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application may correspond to a terminal in a method for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 800 for determining a precoding matrix
  • the respective modules and the other operations and/or functions described above are respectively implemented in order to implement the corresponding processes of the methods in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 , and are not described herein again for brevity.
  • the apparatus for determining a precoding matrix in the embodiment of the present application by receiving a reference signal of each dimension by the receiving base station, feeds back spatial correlation matrix information to the base station based on the reference signals of the respective dimensions, and the spatial correlation matrix information can be accurately Reflects the spatial correlation of channels in various dimensions.
  • the base station determines the first-level precoding matrix based on the spatial correlation matrix information, thereby implementing three-dimensional precoding.
  • the reference signal encoded by the first-stage precoding matrix can implement spatial division at the cell level more accurately and flexibly, and adaptively direct the signal beam to one or more main user directions in the cell, thereby improving Channel capacity to improve system performance.
  • the device 20 includes a receiver 21, a transmitter 22, a processor 23, a memory 24, and a bus system 25.
  • the receiver 21, the transmitter 22, the processor 22 and the memory 24 are connected by a bus system 25 for storing instructions for executing instructions stored by the memory 24 to control the receiver 21 to receive Signal, and control transmitter 22 to send a signal.
  • the transmitter 22 is configured to send multiple sets of first reference signals, the multiple sets of first reference signals are in one-to-one correspondence with multiple dimensions of the antenna array, and each set of the first reference signals in the multiple sets of first reference signals is used. Estimating spatial correlation matrix information in the corresponding dimension of the terminal;
  • the receiver 21 is configured to receive spatial correlation matrix information that is sent by the terminal based on the multiple sets of first reference signals;
  • the processor 23 is configured to determine a first level precoding matrix according to the spatial correlation matrix information received by the receiver 21.
  • the processor in the embodiment of the present application may be an integrated circuit chip with signal processing capability.
  • each step of the foregoing method embodiment may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the processor may be a central processing unit (CPU), the processor may be another general-purpose processor, a digital signal processor (DSP), or an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC). ), Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic devices, discrete hardware components.
  • the methods, steps, and logical block diagrams disclosed in the embodiments of the present application can be implemented or executed.
  • the general purpose processor may be a microprocessor or the processor or any conventional processor or the like.
  • the steps of the method disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented by the hardware decoding processor, or may be performed by a combination of hardware and software in the decoding processor.
  • the software can be located in a random storage medium, such as a flash memory, a read only memory, a programmable read only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines the hardware to complete the steps of the above method.
  • the memory in the embodiments of the present application may be a volatile memory or a non-volatile memory, or may include both volatile and non-volatile memory.
  • the non-volatile memory may be a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read only memory (Erasable PROM, EPROM), or an electric Erase programmable read only memory (EEPROM) or flash memory.
  • the volatile memory can be a Random Access Memory (RAM) that acts as an external cache.
  • RAM Random Access Memory
  • many forms of RAM are available, such as static random access memory (SRAM), dynamic random access memory (DRAM), synchronous dynamic random access memory (Synchronous DRAM).
  • SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM
  • DDR SDRAM Double Data Rate SDRAM
  • ESDRAM Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • SLDRAM Synchronous Connection Dynamic Random Access Memory
  • DR RAM direct memory bus random access memory
  • bus system may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to the data bus.
  • bus systems may include a power bus, a control bus, a status signal bus, and the like in addition to the data bus.
  • various buses are labeled as bus systems in the figure.
  • each step of the above method may be completed by an integrated logic circuit of hardware in a processor or an instruction in a form of software.
  • the steps of the method for determining the precoding matrix disclosed in the embodiments of the present application may be directly implemented as hardware processor execution completion, or performed by hardware and software combination in the processor.
  • the software can be located in a random storage medium, such as a flash memory, a read only memory, a programmable read only memory or an electrically erasable programmable memory, a register, and the like.
  • the storage medium is located in the memory, and the processor reads the information in the memory and combines the hardware to complete the steps of the above method. To avoid repetition, it will not be described in detail here.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the transmitter 22 is further configured to send codebook parameter information, where the codebook parameter information is used to indicate a code corresponding to a spatial correlation matrix of each dimension.
  • the parameter group wherein the base station and the terminal pre-store a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of multiple dimensions;
  • the receiver 21 is specifically configured to receive an index of a codeword of the spatial correlation matrix that the terminal feeds back based on the multiple sets of first reference signals and the codebook parameter information.
  • the multiple dimensions include: a horizontal single polarization dimension, a vertical single polarization dimension, and a cross polarization dimension, and the codebooks of the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions have a unified structural form, and the unified structural form is :
  • ⁇ represents the antenna array
  • the phase difference of the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ i represents the channel power ratio of the i+1th antenna and the first antenna in the antenna array, and ⁇ i >0, i ⁇ [1, n-1], and i is Integer, n is the number of antenna ports in the antenna array.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of codewords of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the transmitter 22 is further configured to send codebook type information of multiple codebooks corresponding to multiple dimensions, and the codebook of each codebook
  • the type information is used to indicate a codebook used for estimating the spatial correlation matrix of the corresponding dimension
  • the base station and the terminal both prestore the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions, and the codebook type of the plurality of codebooks Correspondence of multiple codebook parameter groups;
  • the receiver 21 is specifically configured to receive an index of the codewords of the plurality of sets of first reference signals and the spatial correlation matrix of the codebook type information feedback.
  • the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions include a first codebook and a second codebook, where the first codebook is a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a first dimension, and the second codebook is A codebook of a two-dimensional spatial correlation matrix, wherein the first dimension is a vertical single polarization dimension, the second dimension is a horizontal cross polarization dimension, or the first dimension is a horizontal single polarization dimension, and the second dimension is Vertical cross polarization dimension;
  • ⁇ 1 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 1 represents the amplitude difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 1 represents the phase difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, n 1 is the number of antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and the single-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of the same polarization direction in the same row or the same column in the antenna array;
  • ⁇ 2 represents the correlation coefficient of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 2 represents the amplitude difference of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 2 represents the co-polar phase in the cross-polarized antenna array
  • the phase difference between the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 represent the correlation between the antenna ports of the two polarization directions, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ and ⁇ 2 > 0, n 2
  • the cross-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of two polarization directions in the same row or the same column in the antenna array.
  • the transmitter 22 is further configured to send, by the first level precoding matrix, at least one second reference signal, the at least one second reference signal is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one spatial direction;
  • the receiver 21 is further configured to receive a second level precoding matrix indication PMI that the terminal feeds back based on the at least one second reference signal;
  • the determiner 23 is further configured to determine a second level precoding matrix according to the second level PMI;
  • the codebook used to feed back the second-level PMI is:
  • W 1 is determined according to the first-stage precoding matrix
  • G 1 is used to represent a group of bases in the first polarization direction
  • G 2 is used to represent a group of bases in the second polarization direction
  • G 1 [g 1 g 2 ... g M ]
  • G 2 [g' 1 g' 2 ... g' M ]
  • the number of non-zero elements in W 2 is greater than 1
  • ⁇ , ⁇ are quantization coefficients
  • ⁇ is between polarization directions
  • the difference in amplitude, ⁇ is the phase difference between the polarization directions.
  • v 1 to v S are column vectors of different N ⁇ 1 dimensions
  • v 1 to v S are N/S ⁇ 1 dimensional column vectors, N is the number of antenna ports of the antenna array, and S is the number of antenna ports transmitting the reference signal after the first stage precoding, and S ⁇ N.
  • the transmitter 22 is further configured to send indication information of the first level precoding matrix, where the indication information of the first level precoding matrix is used to indicate a codebook type of the first level precoding matrix, where the The indication information of the primary precoding matrix is used by the terminal to determine the second level PMI.
  • the apparatus 20 for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application may correspond to a base station in a method for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 20 for determining a precoding matrix
  • the respective modules and the other operations and/or functions described above are respectively implemented in order to implement the corresponding processes of the methods in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 , and are not described herein again for brevity.
  • the apparatus for determining a precoding matrix in the embodiment of the present application obtains spatial correlation matrix information fed back by the terminal by transmitting reference signals of respective dimensions, and the spatial correlation matrix information can accurately reflect spatial correlation of channels in each dimension. Sex. And determining the first-level precoding matrix based on the spatial correlation matrix information, thereby implementing three-dimensional precoding.
  • the reference signal encoded by the first-stage precoding matrix can implement spatial division at the cell level more accurately and flexibly, and adaptively direct the signal beam to one or more main user directions in the cell, thereby improving Channel capacity to improve system performance.
  • FIG. 10 is another schematic block diagram of an apparatus 30 for determining a precoding matrix, in accordance with another embodiment of the present application.
  • the device 30 includes a receiver 31, a transmitter 32, a processor 33, a memory 34, and a bus system 35.
  • the receiver 31, the transmitter 32, the processor 32 and the memory 34 are connected by a bus system 35 for storing instructions for executing instructions stored in the memory 34 for controlling the receiver 31 to receive.
  • Signal and control transmitter 32 to send a signal.
  • the receiver 31 is configured to receive multiple sets of first reference signals sent by the base station, where the multiple sets of first reference signals are in one-to-one correspondence with multiple dimensions of the antenna array, and each of the multiple sets of first reference signals is first.
  • the reference signal is used by the terminal to estimate spatial correlation matrix information in a corresponding dimension;
  • the processor 33 is configured to estimate the spatial correlation matrix information based on the multiple sets of first reference signals
  • the transmitter 32 is configured to send the spatial correlation matrix information to the base station, where the spatial correlation matrix information is used to determine a first level precoding matrix.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the receiver 31 is further configured to receive codebook parameter information sent by the base station, where the codebook parameter information is used to indicate spatial correlation of each dimension.
  • Matrix pair a codebook parameter group, wherein the base station and the terminal prestore a codebook of the spatial correlation matrix of the plurality of dimensions;
  • the processor 33 is specifically configured to estimate the spatial correlation matrix information based on the multiple sets of first reference signals and the codebook parameter information.
  • the multiple dimensions include: a horizontal single polarization dimension, a vertical single polarization dimension, and a cross polarization dimension, and the codebooks of the spatial correlation matrix of the multiple dimensions have a unified structural form, and the unified structural form is :
  • ⁇ represents the antenna array
  • the phase difference of the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ i represents the channel power ratio of the i+1th antenna and the first antenna in the antenna array, and ⁇ i >0, i ⁇ [1, n-1], and i is Integer, n is the number of antenna ports in the antenna array.
  • the spatial correlation matrix information includes an index of a codeword of the spatial correlation matrix
  • the receiver 31 is further configured to receive codebook type information of each of the multiple codebooks corresponding to the multiple dimensions sent by the base station, where each code The codebook type information is used to indicate a codebook used for estimating the spatial correlation matrix of the corresponding dimension, and the base station and the terminal both prestore the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions, and the plurality of codebooks. Correspondence between codebook type and multiple codebook parameter groups;
  • the processor 33 is specifically configured to estimate the spatial correlation matrix information based on the multiple sets of first reference signals and the codebook type information.
  • the plurality of codebooks corresponding to the plurality of dimensions include a first codebook and a second codebook, where the first codebook is a codebook of a spatial correlation matrix of a first dimension, and the second codebook is A codebook of a two-dimensional spatial correlation matrix, wherein the first dimension is a vertical single polarization dimension, the second dimension is a horizontal cross polarization dimension, or the first dimension is a horizontal single polarization dimension, and the second dimension is Vertical cross polarization dimension;
  • ⁇ 1 represents the correlation coefficient of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 1 represents the amplitude difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 1 represents the phase difference of adjacent antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, n 1 is the number of antenna ports in the single-polarized antenna array, and the single-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of the same polarization direction in the same row or the same column in the antenna array;
  • ⁇ 2 represents the correlation coefficient of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 1, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 2 ⁇ 2 ⁇ , ⁇ 2 represents the amplitude difference of the co-polarized adjacent antenna ports in the cross-polarized antenna array, and ⁇ 2 represents the co-polar phase in the cross-polarized antenna array
  • the phase difference between the adjacent antenna ports, ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 1 and ⁇ 2 represent the correlation between the antenna ports of the two polarization directions, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 0, 0 ⁇ ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ and ⁇ 2 > 0, n 2
  • the cross-polarized antenna array is composed of antenna ports of two polarization directions in the same row or the same column in the antenna array.
  • the receiver 31 is further configured to receive, by the base station, at least one second reference signal that is encoded by the first level precoding matrix, where the at least one second reference signal is in one-to-one correspondence with at least one spatial direction;
  • the processor 33 is further configured to determine, according to the at least one second reference signal, a second level precoding matrix indication PMI;
  • the transmitter 32 is further configured to send the second level PMI to the base station, where the second level PMI is used by the base station to determine a second level precoding matrix;
  • the codebook used to feed back the second-level PMI is:
  • W 1 is determined according to the first-stage precoding matrix
  • G 1 is used to represent a group of bases in the first polarization direction
  • G 2 is used to represent a group of bases in the second polarization direction
  • G 1 [g 1 g 2 ... g M ]
  • G 2 [g' 1 g' 2 ... g' M ]
  • the number of non-zero elements in W 2 is greater than 1
  • ⁇ , ⁇ are quantization coefficients
  • ⁇ is between polarization directions
  • the difference in amplitude, ⁇ is the phase difference between the polarization directions.
  • v 1 to v S are column vectors of different N ⁇ 1 dimensions
  • v 1 to v S are N/S ⁇ 1 dimensional column vectors, N is the number of antenna ports of the antenna array, and S is the number of antenna ports transmitting the reference signals after the first stage precoding, and S ⁇ N.
  • the receiver 31 is further configured to receive indication information of the first level precoding matrix sent by the base station, where the indication information of the first level precoding matrix is used to indicate a codebook of the first level precoding matrix Types of;
  • the processor 33 is specifically configured to determine the second-level PMI according to the codebook type of the first-level precoding matrix.
  • the apparatus 800 for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application may correspond to a terminal in a method for determining a precoding matrix according to an embodiment of the present application, and the apparatus 800 for determining a precoding matrix
  • the respective modules and the other operations and/or functions described above are respectively implemented in order to implement the corresponding processes of the methods in FIG. 4 to FIG. 6 , and are not described herein again for brevity.
  • the apparatus for determining a precoding matrix in the embodiment of the present application by receiving a reference signal of each dimension by the receiving base station, feeds back spatial correlation matrix information to the base station based on the reference signals of the respective dimensions, and the spatial correlation matrix information can be accurately Reflects the spatial correlation of channels in various dimensions.
  • the base station determines the first-level precoding matrix based on the spatial correlation matrix information, thereby implementing three-dimensional precoding.
  • the reference signal encoded by the first-stage precoding matrix can implement spatial division at the cell level more accurately and flexibly, and adaptively direct the signal beam to one or more main user directions in the cell, thereby improving Channel capacity to improve system performance.
  • the size of the sequence numbers of the foregoing processes does not mean the order of execution sequence, and the order of execution of each process should be determined by its function and internal logic, and should not be applied to the embodiment of the present application.
  • the implementation process constitutes any limitation.
  • the disclosed systems, devices, and methods may be implemented in other manners.
  • the device embodiments described above are merely illustrative.
  • the division of the unit is only a logical function division.
  • there may be another division manner for example, multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored or not executed.
  • the mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection shown or discussed may be an indirect coupling or communication connection through some interface, device or unit, and may be in an electrical, mechanical or other form.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and the components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to implement the solution of the embodiment. purpose.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically separately, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.
  • the functions may be stored in a computer readable storage medium if implemented in the form of a software functional unit and sold or used as a standalone product.
  • the technical solution of the present application which is essential or contributes to the prior art, or a part of the technical solution, may be embodied in the form of a software product, which is stored in a storage medium, including
  • the instructions are used to cause a computer device (which may be a personal computer, server, or network device, etc.) to perform all or part of the steps of the methods described in various embodiments of the present application.
  • the foregoing storage medium includes: a U disk, a mobile hard disk, a read-only memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk, and the like, which can store program codes. .

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Abstract

本申请实施例公开了一种用于确定预编码矩阵的方法和装置，能够基于终端反馈的空间相关矩阵的指示信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而根据信道状态，实现三维预编码，提高信道容量。该方法包括：基站发送多组第一参考信号，该多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，该多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；接收终端基于该多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息；根据该空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵。

Description

用于确定预编码矩阵的方法和装置
本申请要求于2016年8月10日提交中国专利局、申请号为201610652759.7、发明名称为“用于确定预编码矩阵的方法和装置”的中国专利申请的优先权，其全部内容通过引用结合在本申请中。
技术领域
本申请实施例涉及无线通信领域，并且更具体地，涉及用于确定预编码矩阵的方法和装置。
背景技术
大规模多输入多输出(Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output，Massive MIMO)是业界公认的第五代移动通信(the 5th Generation mobile communication，5G)关键技术。在Massive MIMO系统中，通过使用大规模天线阵列，实现频谱效率的显著提升。随着天线数的增加，所需的信道状态信息(Channel State Information，CSI)测量的端口数很多，导频开销很大。
在长期演进(Long Term Evolution，LTE)第十三版(Realease 13，R13)中，可以支持一种二级预编码的结构。二级预编码通过中射频的第一级预编码实现空间降维，降低了复杂度和成本，通过基带的第二级预编码实现多用户干扰抑制。
但是，现有的二级预编码的结构中，第一级预编码是固定的垂直预编码，通过模拟波束赋形，调整天线下倾角，使波束仅在垂直方向内变化。这种方法不能根据用户的信道空间特性，准确地匹配信道状态，故信道容量也达不到最优。因此，需要提供一种技术，能够根据信道状态，确定第一级预编码矩阵，实现三维预编码，提高信道容量。
发明内容
本申请提供了一种用于确定预编码矩阵的方法和装置，以基于终端反馈各个维度的空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而实现三维预编码，提高信道容量，提升系统性能。
第一方面，提供了一种用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，包括：
基站发送多组第一参考信号，所述多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，所述多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，所述空间相关矩阵信息是所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的多个维度的空间相关矩阵的信息，或者，所述空间相关矩阵信息是所述终端基于所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵确定的完整的空间相关矩阵的信息；
根据所述空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵。
因此，本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，通过基站发送各个维度的参考信号，以获取终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，该空间相关矩阵信息能够准确地反映信道在各个维度的空间相关性。基站基于空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而 实现三维预编码。并且，经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码后的参考信号能够更加准确和灵活地实现小区级的空间划分，自适应地将信号波束指向小区内的一个或多个主要的用户方向，从而能够提高信道容量，提升系统性能。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，以及，
在所述接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息之前，所述方法还包括：
发送码本参数信息，所述码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
所述接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，包括：
接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本参数信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
在一个可能的设计中，所述多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000001
其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
在本申请实施例中，基站可以通过信令指示终端需要使用的量化空间相关矩阵的码本参数组，而不需要另行通知终端确定码本所使用的码本参数组。
结合第一方面，在第一方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，以及，
在所述接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息之前，所述方法还包括：
发送与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及所述多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
所述接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，包括：
接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本类型信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
在一个可能的设计中，所述与多个维度对应的多个码本包括第一码本和第二码本，第一码本为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第一维度为垂直单极化维度，所述第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，所述第一维度为水平单极化维度，所述第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
其中，所述第一码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000002
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000003
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000004
ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000005
0≤α1≤1，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为所述单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，所述单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
所述第二码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000006
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000007
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000008
ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000009
0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为所述交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，所述交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
因此，通过为不同维度的空间相关矩阵配置不同的码本，终端仅需根据基站指示的码本类型确定对应的码本参数组，便可以估计空间相关矩阵；并且在这种情况下，终端仅需基于两组参考信号去估计空间相关矩阵，减小了工作量。并且，基站可以通过信令指示终端需要使用的量化空间相关矩阵的码本类型，而不需要另行通知终端当前发送的参考信号是基于哪个维度发送的。
结合第一方面及其上述可能的实现方式，在第一方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，在所述根据所述空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵之后，所述方法还包括：
发送经过所述第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，所述至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
接收所述终端基于所述至少一个第二参考信号反馈的第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
根据所述第二级PMI确定第二级预编码矩阵。
其中，第二级PMI为确定第二级预编码矩阵所反馈的信道状态信息CSI中的PMI。
因此，通过发送经过第一级预编码矩阵编码后的参考信号，以测量等价信道，实现了准确灵活的实现小区级的空间划分，自适应地将信号波束指向小区内的一个或者多个主要的用户方向，从而提高信道容量，提升系统性能。并且，基站基于终端反馈的等价信道的相关性特征，确定第二级预编码矩阵，可以提高第二级预编码矩阵的准确性，从而提升系统性能。
在一个可能的设计中，反馈所述第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000010
其中，W1是根据所述第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2…gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2…g'M]，W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
通过上述码本设计，实现了多波束码本重构。并且，通过第一级预编码矩阵确定W1，减少了终端反馈W1的反馈开销。基于第一级预编码矩阵确定用于确定第二级预编码矩阵的PMI，可以提高第二级预编码的准确性。
在一个可能的设计中，所述第一级预编码码本中的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000011
满足：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000012
其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000013
其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且S≤N。
进一步地，在所述接收所述终端基于所述至少一个第二参考信号反馈的第二级PMI之前，所述方法还包括：
发送所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示所述第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于所述终端确定所述第二级PMI。
第二方面，本申请提供一种用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，包括：
终端接收基站发送的多组第一参考信号，所述多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，所述多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于所述终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵信息；
向所述基站发送所述空间相关矩阵信息，所述空间相关矩阵信息用于确定第一级预编码矩阵，其中，所述空间相关矩阵信息是：所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的多个维度的空间相关矩阵的信息，或者，所述空间相关矩阵信息是所述终端基于所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵确定的完整的空间相关矩阵的信息。
因此，本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，通过接收基站发送各个维度的参考信号，基于该各个维度的参考信号，向基站反馈空间相关矩阵信息，该空间相关矩阵信息能够准确地反映信道在各个维度的空间相关性。基站基于该空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而实现三维预编码。并且，经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码后的参考信号能够更加准确和灵活地实现小区级的空间划分，自适应地将信号波束指向小区内的一个或多个主要的用户方向，从而能够提高信道容量，提升系统性能。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第一种可能的实现方式中，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，以及，
在所述基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵之前，所述方法还包括：
接收所述基站发送的码本参数信息，所述码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
所述基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵，包括：
基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本参数信息，估计所述空间相关矩阵信息。
在一个可能的设计中，所述多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，该统一的结构形式为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000014
其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
在本申请实施例中，基站可以通过信令指示终端需要使用的量化空间相关矩阵的码本参数组，而不需要另行通知终端当前发送的参考信号所使用的码本参数组。
结合第二方面，在第二方面的第二种可能的实现方式中，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，以及，
在所述基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵之前，所述方法还包括：
接收所述基站发送的与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及所述多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
所述基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵，包括：
基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本类型信息，估计所述空间相关矩阵信息。
在一个可能的设计中，所述与多个维度对应的多个码本包括第一码本和第二码本，第一码本是为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第一维度为垂直单极化维度，所述第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，所述第一维度为水平单极化维度，所述第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
其中，所述第一码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000015
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000016
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000017
ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000018
0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为所述单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，所述单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
所述第二码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000019
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000020
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000021
ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000022
0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为所述交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，所述交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
因此，通过为不同维度的空间相关矩阵配置不同的码本，终端仅需根据码本类型所对应的码本参数组，便可以估计空间相关矩阵；并且在这种情况下，终端仅需基于两组 参考信号去估计空间相关矩阵，减小了工作量。并且，基站可以通过信令指示终端需要使用的量化空间相关矩阵的码本类型，而不需要另行通知终端当前发送的参考信号是基于哪个维度发送的。
结合第二方面及其上述可能的实现方式，在第二方面的第三种可能的实现方式中，在所述向所述基站发送所述空间相关矩阵信息之后，所述方法还包括：
接收所述基站发送的经过所述第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，所述至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
基于所述至少一个第二参考信号，确定第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
向所述基站发送所述第二级PMI，所述第二级PMI用于所述基站确定第二级预编码矩阵。
其中，第二级PMI为确定第二级预编码矩阵所反馈的信道状态信息CSI中的PMI。
因此，通过发送经过第一级预编码矩阵编码后的参考信号，以测量等价信道，实现了准确灵活的实现小区级的空间划分，自适应地将信号波束指向小区内的一个或者多个主要的用户方向，从而提高信道容量，提升系统性能。并且，基站基于终端反馈的等价信道的相关性特征，确定第二级预编码矩阵，可以提高第二级预编码矩阵的准确性，从而提升系统性能。
在一个可能的设计中，反馈所述第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000023
其中，W1是根据所述第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2…gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2…g'M]，W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
通过上述码本涉及，实现了多波束码本重构。并且，通过第一级预编码矩阵确定W1，减少了终端反馈W1的反馈开销。基于第一级预编码矩阵确定用于确定第二级预编码矩阵的PMI，可以提高第二级预编码的准确性。
在一个可能的设计中，所述第一级预编码码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000024
满足：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000025
其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000026
其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且有S≤N。
进一步地，在所述基于所述至少一个第二参考信号，确定第二级PMI之前，所述方法还包括：
接收所述基站发送的所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示所述第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型；
根据所述第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，确定所述第二级PMI。
通过基站向终端发送下行信令通知终端第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，使得终端根据该码本类型，确定第二级PMI，即减少了终端反馈W1的反馈开销。
第三方面，提供了一种用于确定预编码矩阵的装置，可以执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可选的实现方式中的基站执行的操作。具体地，该装置可以包括用于执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的基站执行的操作的模块单元。
第四方面，提供了一种用于确定预编码矩阵的装置，可以执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可选的实现方式中的终端执行的操作。具体地，该装置可以包括用于执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的终端执行的操作的模块单元。
第五方面，提供了一种用于确定预编码矩阵的设备，包括：接收器、发送器、处理器、存储器和总线系统，其中，接收器、发送器、存储器和处理器通过总线系统相连，存储器用于存储指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器存储的指令，以控制接收器接收信号，发送器发送信号，并且当该处理器执行该存储器存储的指令时，该执行使得该处理器执行第一方面或第一方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
第六方面，提供了一种用于确定预编码矩阵的设备，包括：接收器、发送器、处理器、存储器和总线系统，其中，接收器、发送器、存储器和处理器通过总线系统相连，存储器用于存储指令，该处理器用于执行该存储器存储的指令，以控制接收器接收信号，发送器发送信号，并且当该处理器执行该存储器存储的指令时，该执行使得该处理器执行第二方面或第二方面的任意可能的实现方式中的方法。
第七方面，提供了一种计算机存储介质，该计算机存储介质中存储有程序代码，该程序代码用于指示执行上述第一方面或第一方面的任意可选的实现方式中基站执行的操作。
第八方面，提供了一种计算机存储介质，该计算机存储介质中存储有程序代码，该程序代码用于指示执行上述第二方面或第二方面的任意可选的实现方式中终端执行的操作。
在上述某些可能的实现方式中，所述空间相关矩阵信息的反馈周期大于所述第二级PMI的反馈周期。
通过周期性反馈空间相关矩阵信息和第二级PMI，对空间相关矩阵信息进行长时反 馈，对第二级PMI进行短时反馈，使得基站能够自适应地调整第一级预编码矩阵和第二级预编码矩阵，从而实现了动态三维预编码。
因此，本申请实施例提供了一种确定预编码的方法和装置，通过基站发送各个维度的参考信号，以获取终端反馈的各个维度的空间相关矩阵信息，并基于空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而实现三维预编码，提高信道容量，提升系统性能。
附图说明
图1示出了适用于本申请实施例的通信系统的示意图；
图2是本申请实施例所涉及的一种二级预编码的示意图；
图3是本申请实施例所涉及的一种天线阵列的示意图；
图4是根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法的示意性流程图；
图5是根据本申请另一实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法的示意性流程图；
图6是根据本申请又一实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法的示意性流程图；
图7是根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置的示意性框图；
图8是根据本申请另一实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置的示意性框图；
图9是根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置的另一示意性框图；
图10是根据本申请另一实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置的另一示意性框图。
具体实施方式
下面将结合本申请实施例中的附图，对本申请实施例中的技术方案进行清楚地描述。
在本说明书中使用的术语“部件”、“模块”、“系统”等用于表示计算机相关的实体、硬件、固件、硬件和软件的组合、软件、或执行中的软件。例如，部件可以是但不限于，在处理器上运行的进程、处理器、对象、可执行文件、执行线程、程序和/或计算机。通过图示，在计算设备上运行的应用和计算设备都可以是部件。一个或多个部件可驻留在进程和/或执行线程中，部件可位于一个计算机上和/或分布在两个或更多个计算机之间。此外，这些部件可从在上面存储有各种数据结构的各种计算机可读介质执行。部件可例如根据具有一个或多个数据分组(例如来自与本地系统、分布式系统和/或网络间的另一部件交互的二个部件的数据，例如通过信号与其它系统交互的互联网)的信号通过本地和/或远程进程来通信。
本申请结合终端设备描述了各个实施例。终端设备也可以称为用户设备(User Equipment，UE)、接入终端、用户单元、用户站、移动站、移动台、远方站、远程终端、移动设备、用户终端、终端、无线通信设备、用户代理或用户装置。接入终端可以是蜂窝电话、无绳电话、会话启动协议(Session Initiation Protocol，SIP)电话、无线本地环路(Wireless Local Loop，WLL)站、个人数字处理(Personal Digital Assistant，PDA)、具有无线通信功能的手持设备、计算设备或连接到无线调制解调器的其它处理设备、车载设备、可穿戴设备以及未来5G网络中的终端设备。
此外，本申请结合网络设备描述了各个实施例。网络设备可以是网络侧设备等用于与移动设备通信的设备，网络侧设备可以是全球移动通讯(Global System of Mobile communication，GSM)或码分多址(Code Division Multiple Access，CDMA)中的基站(Base Transceiver Station，BTS)，也可以是宽带码分多址(Wideband Code Division  Multiple Access，WCDMA)中的基站(NodeB，NB)，还可以是LTE中的eNB或演进型基站(Evolutional Node B，eNodeB)，或者中继站、接入点或射频拉远单元(Remote Radio Unit，RRU)，或者车载设备、可穿戴设备以及未来5G网络中的网络侧设备。
另外，本申请的各个方面或特征可以实现成方法、装置或使用标准编程和/或工程技术的制品。本申请中使用的术语“制品”涵盖可从任何计算机可读器件、载体或介质访问的计算机程序。例如，计算机可读介质可以包括，但不限于:磁存储器件(例如，硬盘、软盘或磁带等)，光盘(例如，压缩盘(Compact Disk，CD)、数字通用盘(Digital Versatile Disk，DVD)等)，智能卡和闪存器件(例如，可擦写可编程只读存储器(Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory，EPROM)、卡、棒或钥匙驱动器等)。另外，本文描述的各种存储介质可代表用于存储信息的一个或多个设备和/或其它机器可读介质。术语“机器可读介质”可包括但不限于，无线信道和能够存储、包含和/或承载指令和/或数据的各种其它介质。
本申请实施例可以适用于LTE系统以及后续的演进系统如5G等，或其他采用各种无线接入技术的无线通信系统，如采用码分多址，频分多址，时分多址，正交频分多址，单载波频分多址等接入技术的系统，尤其适用于需要信道信息反馈和/或应用二级预编码技术的场景，例如应用Massive MIMO技术的无线网络、应用分布式天线技术的无线网络等。
应理解，多输入输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output，MIMO)技术是指在发送端设备和接收端设备分别使用多个发射天线和接收天线，使信号通过发送端设备与接收端设备的多个天线传送和接收，从而改善通信质量。它能充分利用空间资源，通过多个天线实现多发多收，在不增加频谱资源和天线发射功率的情况下，可以成倍地提高系统信道容量。
MIMO可以分为单用户多输入多输出(Single-User MIMO，SU-MIMO)和多用户多输入多输出(Multi-User MIMO，MU-MIMO)。Massive MIMO基于多用户波束成形的原理，在发送端设备布置几百根天线，对几十个目标接收机调制各自的波束，通过空间信号隔离，在同一频率资源上同时传输几十条信号。因此，Massive MIMO技术能够充分利用大规模天线配置带来的空间自由度，提升频谱效率。
图1示出了适用于本申请实施例的通信系统的示意图。如图1所示，该通信系统100包括网络设备102，网络设备102可包括多个天线例如，天线104、106、108、110、112和114。另外，网络设备102可附加地包括发射机链和接收机链，本领域普通技术人员可以理解，它们均可包括与信号发送和接收相关的多个部件(例如处理器、调制器、复用器、解调器、解复用器或天线等)。
网络设备102可以与多个终端设备(例如终端设备116和终端设备122)通信。然而，可以理解，网络设备102可以与类似于终端设备116或122的任意数目的终端设备通信。终端设备116和122可以是例如蜂窝电话、智能电话、便携式电脑、手持通信设备、手持计算设备、卫星无线电装置、全球定位系统、PDA和/或用于在无线通信系统100上通信的任意其它适合设备。
如图1所示，终端设备116与天线112和114通信，其中天线112和114通过前向链路118向终端设备116发送信息，并通过反向链路120从终端设备116接收信息。此外，终端设备122与天线104和106通信，其中天线104和106通过前向链路124向终 端设备122发送信息，并通过反向链路126从终端设备122接收信息。
例如，在频分双工(Frequency Division Duplex，FDD)系统中，例如，前向链路118可利用与反向链路120所使用的不同频带，前向链路124可利用与反向链路126所使用的不同频带。
再例如，在时分双工(Time Division Duplex，TDD)系统和全双工(Full Duplex)系统中，前向链路118和反向链路120可使用共同频带，前向链路124和反向链路126可使用共同频带。
被设计用于通信的每个天线(或者由多个天线组成的天线组)和/或区域称为网络设备102的扇区。例如，可将天线组设计为与网络设备102覆盖区域的扇区中的终端设备通信。在网络设备102通过前向链路118和124分别与终端设备116和122进行通信的过程中，网络设备102的发射天线可利用波束成形来改善前向链路118和124的信噪比。此外，与网络设备通过单个天线向它所有的终端设备发送信号的方式相比，在网络设备102利用波束成形向相关覆盖区域中随机分散的终端设备116和122发送信号时，相邻小区中的移动设备会受到较少的干扰。
在给定时间，网络设备102、终端设备116或终端设备122可以是无线通信发送装置和/或无线通信接收装置。当发送数据时，无线通信发送装置可对数据进行编码以用于传输。具体地，无线通信发送装置可获取(例如生成、从其它通信装置接收、或在存储器中保存等)要通过信道发送至无线通信接收装置的一定数目的数据比特。这种数据比特可包含在数据的传输块(或多个传输块)中，传输块可被分段以产生多个码块。
此外，该通信系统100可以是公共陆地移动网络(Public Land Mobile Network，PLMN)网络或者设备对设备(Device to Device，D2D)网络或者机器对机器(Machine to Machine，M2M)网络或者其他网络，图1只是举例的简化示意图，网络中还可以包括其他网络设备，图1中未予以画出。
可选地，该网络设备可以为基站。
图2是本申请实施例所涉及的一种二级预编码的示意图。待发送的K个数据流由基带完成第二级预编码生成S个数据流，再由中射频应用数字预编码技术完成第一级预编码生成N个天线端口上要发送的N路信号，再经射频链路、功率放大器处理后通过N个天线端口发送。
以下，为便于理解本申请实施例，结合图2详细说明二级预编码的具体过程。
可以理解，若需要在对信道的空间相关矩阵进行测量，则可以通过N个天线端口发送N个参考信号(例如，信道状态信息参考信号(Channel State Information-Reference signal，CSI-RS))。随着天线阵列的规模逐渐增大，天线端口的数量也逐渐增大。因此，在Massive MIMO中，所需的CSI测量的端口数很大，导频开销很大，CSI反馈开销也很大。
需要说明的是，CSI-RS用于终端进行信道状态信息测量，特别是用于多天线传输的情况。CSI-RS作为参考信号的一例，仅为示例性说明，不应对本申请构成任何限定，本申请不排除通过其他参考信号用于信道状态的测量。
在二级预编码系统中，首先可以通过第一级预编码实现空间降维。具体地，假设信道矩阵的维度为NRx×NTx，其中，NRx表示接收端设备(例如，终端)天线端口数量，NTx表示发送端设备(例如，基站)天线端口数量(例如，图1中所示，NTx为N)，通 过第一级预编码矩阵NTx×NS编码得到等价信道的维度为NRx×NS，其中，NS表示降维后的天线端口数量(例如，图1中所示，NS为S，S<N)。
通过第一级预编码编码后的CSI-RS可以用于获取等价信道的CSI，例如，包括预编码矩阵指示(Precoding Matrix Indicator，PMI)、秩指示(Rank Indication，RI)和信道质量指示(Channel Quality Indicator，CQI)等。此时，等价信道的CSI所对应的天线端口数从N降到了S，实现了反馈开销的降维。
基站(即，发送端设备的一例)基于终端反馈的CSI，可以进行多用户调度和确定第二级预编码矩阵，以实现多用户干扰抑制。
但是，在当前技术中，第一级预编码是固定的垂直预编码，通过模拟波束赋形，调整天线下倾角，使波束仅在垂直方向内变化。也就是说，当前技术中第一级预编码不是全维度的预编码，仅限于垂直维度的预编码，因此，无法准确测量信道在各个维度的空间相关矩阵，进而根据信道的空间相关矩阵，确定第一级预编码矩阵。换句话说。经过垂直预编码之后的波束无法准确地指向小区内的用户方向，边缘用户覆盖不好，信道容量不能达到最优，系统性能有待提升。
有鉴于此，本申请提出了一种用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，能够实现动态三维预编码，使得经第一级预编码后的波束能够准确地指向用户方向，从而提高信道容量，提升系统性能。
需要说明的是，在本申请实施例中，将“预编码”(Precoding)和“波束成形”(Beamforming，或者说，波束赋形)统一称为“预编码”。
为便于理解本申请实施例，首先在此介绍本申请实施例描述中涉及的天线阵列结构。
在本申请实施例中，可以采用(N1，N2，Z)的形式来描述一个二维平面均匀天线阵列(2D planar uniformly spaced antenna array)结构，其中N1为天线阵列每一列中包含的相同极化方向的天线端口数，N2为天线阵列的列数，Z为极化方向数。图3具体示出了一种交叉极化，极化方向数为2的矩形均匀天线阵列(N1，N2，2)，图中每个天线端口旁的数字表达式为天线端口的编号，其总天线端口数N＝N1×N2。在本申请实施例中，天线阵列中的“天线端口”也经常直接使用名词“天线”描述，但本领域的技术人员可以理解其含义。
为方便描述和理解，在未作出特别说明的情况下，本申请实施例都将基于图3所示的天线阵列进行说明。此外，在未作出特别说明的情况下，在本申请实施例所涉及的二级预编码方法中，C表示第一级预编码矩阵，V表示第二级预编码矩阵，N为射频通道的数量，S为通过第一级预编码降维后的天线端口的数量，且有S<N。应理解，图3示出的天线阵列仅为适用于本申请实施例的一个示例，不应对本申请构成任何限定，本申请实施例还可以应用于采用其他形式的天线阵列的系统中，例如单极化的天线阵列，本申请对此并未特别限定。
需要说明的是，天线阵列(例如图3所示的天线阵列)的天线端口数与射频通道数一一对应。在LTE中，天线阵列的天线单元(antenna element)数量可以与射频通道数量相同，即，针对每个物理天线均配置一个天线端口，每个天线端口与一个参考信号对应。但本申请不排除在未来的5G中，天线阵列的天线单元数量大于射频通道数量的可能，即，针对一个或多个物理天线配置一个天线端口。此情况下，天线端口可以理解为，可以被接收端设备所识别的发射天线，或者在空间上可以区分的发射天线。针对每个虚拟 天线配置一个天线端口，每个虚拟天线可以为多个物理天线的加权组合，每个天线端口与一个参考信号对应。
换句话说，一个天线端口可以是发射端设备上的一根物理天线，也可以是发射端设备上多根物理天线的加权组合。天线端口可以根据与该天线端口相关联的参考信号进行定义。在本申请实施例中，在未作出特别说明的情况下，天线可以理解为天线端口，天线阵列可以理解为天线端口组成的阵列。
以下，以图3中所示的天线阵列为例，结合图4详细说明根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法。
图4是从设备交互的角度示出的根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法400的示意性流程图。应理解，图4示出了本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法的通信步骤或操作，但这些步骤或操作仅是示例，本申请实施例还可以执行其它操作或者图4中的各种操作的变形。此外，图4中的各个步骤可以按照与图4呈现的不同的顺序来执行，并且有可能并非要执行图4中的全部操作。
还应理解，本申请实施例以基站与终端的交互为例详细说明用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请实施例可以适用于其他可基于预编码实现波束成形的发送端设备和接收端设备。
如图4所示，该方法400包括：
S410，基站发送多组第一参考信号，该多组第一参考信号用于信道的相关空间矩阵的估计。
具体而言，该第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，每组第一参考信号用于在所对应的维度上信道的空间相关矩阵的估计。例如，图3中所示的天线阵列可以划分为三个维度，即，垂直单极化维度、水平单极化维度和交叉极化维度。即，基站可以发送与该三个维度对应的三组第一参考信号，相应地，用于发送各组参考信号的端口数分别为：N1、N2和2。又例如，图3中所示的天线阵列也可以划分为两个维度，即，垂直单极化维度和水平交叉极化维度。即，将水平和交叉极化合并作为一个维度来进行测量。此情况下，基站发送与该两个维度对应的两组第一参考信号，相应地，用于发送各组第一参考信号的端口数分别为N1和2N2。
应理解，以上列举的发送多组第一参考信号的具体方法仅为示例性说明，不应对本申请构成任何限定。例如，基站还可以将该多组第一参考信号划分为水平和垂直交叉极化两个维度，并分别对应于N2和2N1个用于发送第一参考信号的端口数。
在本申请实施例中，基站可以根据天线阵列的结构，在不同的天线端口上发送多组第一参考信号，以便于终端根据接收到的第一参考信号测量出不同天线端口所对应的信道并计算信道的空间相关矩阵。基站也可以在相同或者不同的天线端口上发送多组第一参考信号，并且保证用于发送参考信号的多个波束相互正交，以便终端根据所接收到的参考信号测量出空间相关矩阵。所述参考信号的具体形式可以预先约定，例如使用第三代合作伙伴计划(3rd Generation Partnership Project，3GPP)TS 36.211V13.1.0协议中定义的CSI-RS或者其他可以满足需求的参考信号，本申请对此并未特别限定。
S420，终端基于多组第一参考信号，估计并反馈空间相关矩阵信息。
具体而言，终端根据接收到的参考信号进行信道测量，并根据信道测量结果估计空间相关矩阵信息，并向基站反馈该空间相关矩阵信息。其中，该空间相关矩阵信息可以 是该终端基于多组第一参考信号反馈的多个维度的空间相关矩阵的信息；或者，该空间相关矩阵信息也可以是：该终端基于该多个维度的空间相关矩阵确定的完整的空间相关矩阵(以下，为便于区分和说明，将该完整的空间相关矩阵记作全维度空间相关矩阵)的信息。
可选地，信道的空间相关矩阵信息可以是分解成不同维度的空间相关矩阵(或者说，子信道的空间相关矩阵)的信息，例如表示不同维度的空间相关矩阵的码字索引；也可以是直接指示全维度空间相关矩阵的码字索引。
S430，基站根据空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵。
具体而言，基站可以根据其服务的区域(例如，小区)内所有终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，确定空间相关矩阵的码字，进而根据该空间相关矩阵的码字，确定第一级预编码矩阵。与S420相对应地，若终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息是分解为不同维度的空间相关矩阵的码字索引，则基站可以根据该不同维度空间相关矩阵的码字索引，确定不同维度的空间相关矩阵的码字，计算全维度空间相关矩阵；若终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息是直接指示全维度空间相关矩阵的码字索引，则基站可以根据该码字索引，直接确定全维度空间相关矩阵。
可选地，基站确定的第一级预编码矩阵可以是根据空间相关矩阵信息通过计算直接得到的；也可以是根据空间相关矩阵信息经过计算和量化得到的，例如，根据计算结果在第一级预编码码本中选择最优的码字作为第一级预编码矩阵。
需要说明的是，基站根据空间相关矩阵的码字，确定第一级预编码矩阵的方法可以通过现有技术来实现，例如，可以根据容量最大化准则计算得到。本申请对于基站根据空间相关矩阵的码字，确定第一级预编码矩阵的具体方法并未特别限定。
还需要说明的是，这里所述的码字，可以类比于预编码矩阵。它可以理解为用于构成码本的元素。最优码字，即，从码本中挑选出来的用于匹配空间相关矩阵的元素。码字索引，即用于指示码字的索引。应理解，码字作为构成码本的元素的称呼，不应对本申请构成任何限定，本申请不排除通过其他名称来表述与“码字”相同或相似的含义的可能。
在本申请实施例中，根据终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息确定第一级预编码矩阵，可以更加灵活和准确地实现小区级空间划分，自适应的将信号波束指向小区内一个或者多个主要的用户方向，从而提升系统性能。
在本申请实施例中，基站发送多组第一参考信号的方法并不唯一，基于不同的方法，终端也可以作出不同的反馈。这里，仍然以图3所示的天线阵列为例，结合图5和图6详细说明根据本申请实施例的基于多组第一参考信号反馈信道的空间相关信息的两种比较典型的方法(方法一和方法二)。应理解，以下所列举的两种方法仅为用于实现本申请实施例的两种比较典型的方法，而不应对本申请构成任何限定，本申请并不排除通过发送多组第一参考信号以及基于多组第一参考信号反馈信道的空间相关矩阵的方法。
需要说明的是，为便于理解，以下，假设终端的接收天线数为M。在不作降维处理的情况下，基站与终端之间的信道矩阵的维度即为M×N。其中，N＝N1×N2×2。
方法一
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引；以及，
在接收该终端基于该多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息之前，该方法还包 括：
发送码本参数信息，该码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，该基站和该终端均预存有该多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
接收该终端基于该多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，包括：
接收该终端基于该多组第一参考信号和该码本参数信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
具体地，在本方法中，基站可以将第一参考信号分为三组，分别对应三个维度的空间相关矩阵。
作为示例而非限定，该三个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度和交叉极化维度。
首先，基站和终端可以预先保存多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本。该多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有一个统一的结构形式，该码本结构为n×n厄米特(Hermitian)矩阵，具体为:
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000027
其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差。βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，N-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。结合上述天线阵列(如图3所示)的示例，该码本可以理解为不同维度的空间相关矩阵码本，n＝N。
基于该统一的码本结构，基站可以通过对三个不同维度的空间相关矩阵的测量，确定各维度的空间相关矩阵的最优码字。
基于不同的维度，该码本中各参数的取值不同。
例如，对于上述列举的天线阵列(N1，N2，2)，垂直维度对应的码本为：
U1(ρ1，N1，{1，…，1})，ρ1表示垂直线阵中相邻天线的相关系数；
水平维度对应的码本为：
U2(ρ2，N2，{1，…，1})，ρ2表示水平线阵中相邻天线的相关系数；
交叉极化维度对应的码本为：
U3(ρ3，2，{β})，ρ3表示交叉极化线阵中相邻天线的相关系数。
以下，结合上述码本，详细说明方法一的具体过程。
图5是根据本申请另一实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法500的示意性流程图。如图5所示，该方法500包括：
S510，基站基于三个不同的维度，向终端发送三组第一参考信号。
基站可以分别基于水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度和交叉极化维度，配置第一参考信号。具体地，基站配置N1个CSI-RS，对应垂直方向的一列单极化线阵；基站配置N2个CSI-RS，对应水平方向的一行单极化线阵，基站配置2个CSI-RS，对应一组交叉 极化的2根天线。
S520，基站向终端发送码本参数信息，该码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组。
由于不同的维度所对应的码本不同，每个码本所对应的码本参数也不同。因此，基站在基于不同的维度发送第一参考信号时，可以向终端发送当前发送的第一参考信号所对应的码本参数。
在一种可能的实现方式中，基站可以配置多个码本参数组(例如包括ρ、βi)。该多个码本参数组可以与不同的码本(即，不同的维度)相对应。例如表1和表2中所示，为不同维度配置不同的参考信号组，发送每个参考信号组的天线端口数分别对应于天线阵列中的N1、N2和2。基站可以根据该参考信号组所对应的维度，确定所对应的码本参数组，并通知终端基于该码本参数组确定所对应的维度上空间相关矩阵的码字。每个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本可以对应于一个码本参数组，如表1中所示；每个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本也可以对应于多个码本参数组，如表2中所示。
表1
维度 参考信号组 天线端口数 码本参数组
垂直单极化 参考信号组A N1 码本参数组A
水平单极化 参考信号组B N2 码本参数组B
交叉极化 参考信号组C 2 码本参数组C
表2
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000028
基站和终端可以预先保存上述多个码本参数组，每个码本参数组对应一个码本参数组的索引。基站可以直接将码本参数组的索引通过无线资源控制(Radio Resource Control，RRC)高层信令向终端指示确定各个维度的空间相关矩阵所使用的码本参数组。
应理解，表1和表2中所示的维度、参考信号组以及码本参数组之间的一一对应关系仅为示例性说明，不应对本申请构成任何限定。在本申请实施例中，基站也可以不预先配置上述多个码本参数组，直接根据维度或者所对应的码本，确定码本参数的可用取值，并通过RRC高层信令向终端指示码本参数。
S530，终端基于该三组第一参考信号，估计空间相关矩阵信息。
S540，基站根据空间相关矩阵信息，确定空间相关矩阵。
根据S510中基站发送的三个维度的第一参考信号，终端分别测量各维度的空间相关 矩阵(或者说，子信道的空间相关矩阵)，并基于S520中所指示的码本参数(或者，码本参数组)，确定各维度的空间相关矩阵的码字索引。
具体地，终端测量的垂直线阵的信道矩阵H1的维度为M×N1，并计算上述垂直线阵的信道矩阵H1的N1×N1空间相关矩阵R1＝E(H1 HH1)，在所对应的码本U1(ρ1，N1，{1，…，1})中选择最优码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000029
其中，H1 H表示H1的共轭转置矩阵，E()表示求期望值。
可选地，终端可以根据最小距离准则选择最优码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000030
即，如下式所示：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000031
其中，trace()表示求取括号内矩阵的迹，||||表示矩阵范数，Θ1表示单极化垂直线阵的空间相关矩阵的码本。
终端测量的水平线阵的信道矩阵H2的维度为M×N2，并计算上述水平信道线阵的信道矩阵H2的N2×N2空间相关矩阵R2＝E(H2 HH2)，在所对应的码本U2(ρ2，N2，{1，…，1})中选择最优码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000032
其中，H2 H表示H2的共轭转置矩阵，Θ2表示单极化水平线阵的空间相关矩阵的码本。
可选地，终端可以根据最小距离准则选择最优码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000033
即，如下式所示：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000034
终端测量的交叉极化线阵的信道矩阵H3的维度为M×2，并计算上述交叉极化线阵的信道矩阵H3的2×2空间相关矩阵R3＝E(H3 HH3)，在所对应的码本U3(ρ3，2，{β})中选择最优码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000035
其中，H3 H表示H3的共轭转置矩阵，Θ3表示交叉极化线阵的空间相关矩阵的码本。
可选地，终端可以根据最小距离准则选择最优码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000036
即，如下式所示：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000037
应理解，终端可以根据上述最小距离准则选取最优码字，也可以根据其他的准则选取最优码字，本申请对此并未特别限定。
终端通过上述方法确定了各维度的最优码字后，可以向基站发送空间相关矩阵信息。
在一种实现方式中，终端可以直接将各维度最优码字的码字索引直接发送给基站， 由基站根据各维度的码字索引，确定各维度所对应的最优码字，进而计算全维度空间相关矩阵，即，N×N空间相关矩阵。
具体地，基站可以首先确定水平单极化维度的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000038
垂直单极化维度的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000039
和交叉极化维度
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000040
通过克罗内克(Kronecker)积计算全维度空间相关矩阵
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000041
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000042
表示克罗内克积。
在此方法中，基站和终端可以预先约定各维度的码字与码字索引的对应关系，以便于基站在接收到终端反馈的码字索引后，可以根据码字索引查找到各维度所对应的最优码字。
在另一种实现方式中，终端也可以根据各维度的最优码字，确定全维度的N×N空间相关矩阵
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000043
并将该全维度空间相关矩阵对应的码字索引发送给基站。
在此方法中，基站和终端可以预先约定空间相关矩阵的码字与码字索引的对应关系，以便于基站在接收到终端反馈的码字索引后，可以根据码字索引查找所对应的最优码字。
因此，在本申请实施例中，基站只需向终端发送N1+N2+2个第一参考信号，便可以根据终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，模拟出天线阵列[N1，N2，2]的全维度空间相关矩阵。
应理解，以上列举的两种终端反馈空间相关信道信息以及基站确定空间相关矩阵的方法仅为示例性说明，而不应对本申请构成任何限定。
S550，基站根据空间相关矩阵，确定第一级预编码矩阵。
应理解，S550与方法400中的S430的具体过程相同，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
方法二
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引；以及，
在接收终端基于该多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息之前，该方法还包括：
发送与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，该基站和该终端均预存有该与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及该多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
接收该终端基于该多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，包括：
接收该终端基于该多组第一参考信号和该码本类型信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
具体地，在本方法中，基站可以将第一参考信号分为两组，分别对应两个维度的空间相关矩阵。
作为示例而非限定，第一维度为垂直单极化维度，第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，第一维度为水平单极化维度，第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度。
这里，为便于理解和说明，以第一维度为垂直单极化维度，第二维度为水平交叉极化维度为例，详细说明方法二的具体过程。
图6是根据本申请又一实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法600的示意性流程图。如图6所示，该方法600包括：
S610，基站基于两个不同的维度，向终端发送两组第一参考信号。
基站可以分别基于垂直单极化维度和水平交叉极化维度，配置第一参考信号。具体地，基站配置N1个CSI-RS，对应垂直方向的一列单极化线阵；基站配置2N2个CSI-RS，N2对应水平单极化的一行单极化线阵，2对应一组交叉极化的2根天线，2N2对应水平交叉极化的一行线阵。
S620，基站向终端发送码本类型信息，该码本类型信息用于指示终端需要使用的量化空间相关矩阵的码本的类型。
由于不同的维度所对应的码本不同，终端在接收到第一参考信号时，需要根据码本类型来选择用于量化空间相关矩阵的码本。基站可以通过RRC高层信令向终端指示码本类型，例如，可以用“0”表示使用第一码本，用“1”表示使用第二码本。
在一种可能的实现方式中，基站和终端可以预先保存码本类型与码本参数组的对应关系，当终端接收到基站所指示的码本类型信息的指示信息时，便可以根据码本类型确定用于确定空间相关矩阵的码字的码本参数组。
应理解，这里所列举的基站和终端预先保存码本类型与码本参数组的对应关系的方法仅为示例性说明，不应对本申请构成任何限定。基站也可以直接向终端发送码本参数组，以便于终端根据码本类型和码本参数组，确定空间相关矩阵的码字。
S630，终端基于该两组第一参考信号，估计空间相关矩阵信息。
S640，基站根据空间相关矩阵信息，确定空间相关矩阵。
在本申请实施例中，终端可以基于第一码本和第二码本，分别确定第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000044
和第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000045
例如，终端可以通过方法一中所描述的方法(例如，最小距离准则)确定最优码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000046
和
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000047
其中，第一码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000048
为n1×n1的厄米特(Hermitian)矩阵，并满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000049
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000050
ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000051
0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成。
第二码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000052
为2n2×2n2的厄米特(Hermitian)矩阵，并满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000053
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000054
ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000055
0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
其中，U(ρ1,n1)和U(ρ2,n2)具有相同的结构
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000056
由于不同维度的参数ρ和n的取值不同，对该结构U(ρ,n)赋值可以分别对应于上文中的U(ρ1,n1)和U(ρ2,n2)。
结合上述天线阵列(如图3所示)的示例，n1＝N1，n2＝N2。其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000057
的维度为N1×N1，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000058
的维度为2N2×2N2。
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000059
和
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000060
可以用于确定全维度空间相关矩阵。即，通过Kronecker积计算空间相关矩阵
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000061
该
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000062
的维度即为N×N。
应理解，终端基于该两组第一参考信号，确定空间相关矩阵的码字索引的具体过程与上文中S530和S540的具体过程相似，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
S650，基站根据空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵。
因此，在本申请实施例中，基站只需向终端发送N1+2N2(或者，2N1+N2)个第一参考信号，便可以根据终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，模拟出天线阵列[N1，N2，2]的全维度空间相关矩阵。
以上，通过方法一和方法二，示例性地说明了基站发送多组第一参考信号以及基于终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息确定第一级预编码矩阵的过程。换句话说，方法400中的 步骤S410～S430可以通过方法500或者方法600来实现。即，S410～S430可以替换为S510～S550或者S610～S650。
进一步地，在本申请实施例中，基站可以按照一定的周期(为便于区分和说明，记作第一周期)发送多组第一参考信号，终端可以基于相同的周期(即，第一周期)反馈空间相关矩阵信息，以便于基站根据终端反馈的信道的空间相关矩阵信息动态调整第一级预编码矩阵，使得经第一级预编码之后的波束能够精确地指向小区内的多个用户方向，基于波束成形(Beam-formed)CSI-RS测量等价信道。换句话说，第一周期可以理解为空间相关矩阵信息的反馈周期。
可选地，该方法400还包括：
S440，基站发送经过所述第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，所述至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应。
具体地，假设，信道矩阵为M×N，第一级预编码矩阵的维度为N×S。则，等价信道的维度即为M×S。该S个Beam-formed CSI-RS用于等价信道M×S的测量，并指向S个主要的用户方向。此时，待反馈的CSI信息(例如，包括PMI、RI以及CQI等)所对应的天线端口数从N降到了S，实现了反馈开销的降维。
该第二参考信号的具体形式可以预先约定，例如使用3GPP TS 36.211V13.1.0协议中定义的CSI-RS或者其他可以满足需求的参考信号，本申请对此并未特别限定。
S450，终端基于该至少一个第二参考信号，确定并反馈第二级PMI。
S460，基站根据终端反馈的第二级PMI，确定第二级预编码矩阵。
其中，第二级PMI为确定第二级预编码矩阵所反馈的信道状态信息CSI中的PMI。或者说，第二级PMI为用于确定第二级预编码矩阵的PMI。
在一种可能的实现方式中，终端可以采用现有技术中的方案确定并反馈第二级PMI。例如可以采用现有LTE系统中确定第二级PMI的技术方案，在3GPP TS 36.211V13.1.0协议中定义的用于PMI反馈的码本中选取具体的码字并确定第二级PMI。
在另一种可能的实现方式中，终端可以根据以下码本确定并反馈PMI(或者说，量化PMI)：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000063
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000064
G1用于表示第一极化方向(例如，第一极化方向为“/”)的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向(例如，第二极化方向为“\”)的一组基。 G1＝[g1 g2…gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2…g'M]。其中，gi、g'i分别为N×1的列向量，每个gi或g'i表示一个波束的方向。
W2为对W1中所表示的各波束的加权系数。其中，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差，αωjθ可以称为交叉极化泄露(cross-polarized discrimination，XPD)。
这里，需要注意的是，W2中非零元素的数量大于1，即，计算后得到的W所对应的波束的数量也大于1。也就是说，作加权的波束数量大于1，从而实现了多波束重构。
并且，W1与第一级预编码矩阵C相关，即，W1是根据第一级预编码矩阵确定。具体地，W1可以根据C和全维度空间相关矩阵
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000065
来确定。如下所示：
G1＝F(1：S/2，：)，G2＝(S/2+1：end，：)；
F＝[f1f2…fp]；
fi＝CHvi；
其中，vi是全维度空间相关矩阵
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000066
的第i个主特征向量，i＝1,…,P，P表示第i个主特征向量的个数。由上述公式可以看出，fi是一个S×1的向量，F是一个维度为S×P的矩阵。G1和G2分别是一个S/2×P的矩阵，其中，G1＝F(1：S/2，：)表示G1是F的上半部分构成的矩阵，即，F的第一行至第S/2行与P个列构成的矩阵；G2＝(S/2+1：end，：)表示G2是F的下半部分构成的矩阵，即，F的第S/2+1行至第S行与P个列构成的矩阵。
由此可以看出，W1根据C确定。因此，终端无需向基站反馈W1的码字，只需要向基站反馈W2的码字，基站就可以根据第一级预编码矩阵C和通过上文所描述的方法获
取的空间相关矩阵
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000067
确定W1，进而根据W1和W2确定等价信道的PMI，进而确定第二级预编码矩阵。与现有技术相比，减少了终端的反馈开销(更具体地，W1的反馈开销)。
这里，需要说明的是，终端向基站反馈W2的码字是基于终端在确定了W之后确定并反馈的。也就是说，终端需要在通过W1与W2的组合与等价信道的信道矩阵进行匹配，
将最优选的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000068
确定为等价信道的码字，并将用于计算得到该最优码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000069
的W2作为第二级PMI反馈给基站。因此，终端在确定W2时需要获知第一级预编码矩阵C。
还需要说明的是，基站可以至少根据第二级PMI确定第二级预编码矩阵。换句话说，基站并不仅仅根据第二级PMI确定第二级预编码矩阵，还可以根据终端反馈的其他信息，例如CQI、RI等，确定第二级预编码矩阵。应理解，以上列举的用于基站确定第二级预编码矩阵的信息仅为示例性说明，不应对本申请构成任何限定。基站确定第二级预编码矩阵的具体过程可以通过现有技术来实现，而并非本申请的核心所在，为了简洁，这里不再赘述。
在本申请实施例中，基站可以通过下行信令向终端发送第一级预编码矩阵C的指示信息，以便于终端根据第一级预编码矩阵C和通过上文所描述的方法获取的空间相关矩阵
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000070
来计算W1。终端进而可以根据W1和自身确定的W2，确定W，并通过码本匹配，确定最接近的等价信道的码字，将对应的W2的码字索引反馈给基站。由此，终端实现了向基站反馈PMI的。
应理解，在本申请实施例中，终端也可以直接向基站反馈
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000071
的码字索引，本申请对 此并未特别限定。此情况下，第二级PMI包括
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000072
的码字索引。
可选地，在S440终端基于该至少一个第二参考信号，确定并反馈第二级PMI之前，该方法400还包括：
接收该基站发送的该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示该第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于该终端确定该第二级PMI。
在一个示例中，所述第一级预编码码本(例如，记作Ω)中的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000073
可以为非块对角结构：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000074
其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量。其中，N表示未作降维的天线端口数，S表示降维后的天线端口数。v1～vS选自一个可以用Q1比特信元指示的预定义码本，例如DFT码本，克罗内克积码本或者3GPP TS 36.211V13.1.0协议中定义的码本，本申请对此不做限定。所述第一级预编码码本Ω中的码字可以用Q1S比特的信元进行指示。
在另一示例中，所述第一级预编码码本Ω中的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000075
可以为块对角结构：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000076
其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，选自一个可以用Q2比特信元指示的预定义码本，例如DFT码本，克罗内克积码本或者3GPP TS 36.211V13.1.0协议中定义的码本，本申请对此不做限定。所述第一级预编码码本Ω中的码字可以用Q2S比特的信元进行指示，特别的，当v1＝…＝vS时，该第一级预编码码本Ω中的码字可以用Q2比特的信元进行指示。
可选地，基站可以通过1比特信令指示终端所选用的第一级预编码码本Ω的类型，譬如“0”表示采用上述的非块对角结构码本，“1”表示采用上述的块对角结构码本。
进一步地，在本申请实施例中，基站可以按照一定的周期(为便于区分和说明，记作第二周期)发送多组第二参考信号，终端基于相同的周期(即，第二周期)反馈等价信道的PMI，以便于基站根据终端反馈的等价信道的PMI动态调整第二级预编码矩阵。换句话说，第二周期可以理解为第二级PMI的反馈周期。
应理解，终端可以单独反馈第二级PMI，也可以在反馈第二级PMI的同时反馈RI和/或CQI等信道信息，本申请对此并未特别限定。
在本申请实施例中，第一周期的时长可以大于第二周期。即，长时反馈空间相关矩阵信息，短时反馈等价信道信息，使得基站根据终端的反馈可以自适应地调整第一级预编码矩阵和第二级预编码矩阵，实现动态三维预编码，提高系统容量，提升系统性能。应理解，本申请实施例以二级预编码详细说明了用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，但这不应对本申请构成任何限定。本申请所提供的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法并不仅限于应用在二级预编码系统中，还可以应用于其他需要反馈用户信道信息的系统中，本申请对此并 未特别限定。
表3示出了基于现有技术中的垂直预编码(例如LTE R1316-port码本)和本申请提供的三维预编码方案分别进行仿真得到的性能比较。表4示出了仿真所使用的参数。
可以看到，本申请实施例所提供的三维预编码方案在小区平均性能和小区边界性能上都优于现有技术的垂直预编码方案。
表3
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000077
表4
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000078
因此，本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，通过基站发送各个维度的参考信号，以获取终端反馈的各个维度的空间相关矩阵信息，并基于空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而实现三维预编码。并且，通过发送经过第一级预编码矩阵编码后的参考信号，以测量等价信道，实现了准确灵活的实现小区级的空间划分，自适应地将信号波束指向小区内的一个或者多个主要的用户方向，从而提高信道容量，提升系统性能。基站基于终端反馈的等价信道的相关性特征，确定第二级预编码矩阵，可以提高第二级预编码矩阵的准确性，从而提升系统性能。更进一步地，通过周期性反馈空间 相关矩阵信息和第二级PMI，能够自适应地调整第一级预编码矩阵和第二级预编码矩阵，从而实现了动态三维预编码。
以上，结合图4至图6详细说明了根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法。以下，结合图7和图8详细说明根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置。
图7是根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置700的示意性框图。如图7所示，该装置700包括：发送模块710、接收模块720和确定模块730。
其中，该发送模块710用于发送多组第一参考信号，该多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，该多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
该接收模块720用于接收终端基于该多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息；
该确定模块730用于根据该接收模块720接收到的该空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵。
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，该发送模块710还用于发送码本参数信息，该码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，该基站和该终端均预存有该多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
该接收模块720具体用于接收该终端基于该多组第一参考信号和该码本参数信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
可选地，该多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，该多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，该统一的结构形式为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000079
其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，该发送模块710还用于发送与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，该基站和该终端均预存有该与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及该多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
该接收模块720具体用于接收该多组第一参考信号和该码本类型信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
可选地，该与多个维度对应的多个码本包括第一码本和第二码本，第一码本是为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，该第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，该第一维度为垂直单极化维度，该第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，该第一维度为水平单极化维度，该第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
其中，该第一码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000080
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000081
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000082
ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000083
0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为该单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，该单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
该第二码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000084
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000085
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000086
ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000087
0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为该交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，该交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
可选地，该发送模块710还用于发送经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，该至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
该接收模块720还用于接收该终端基于该至少一个第二参考信号反馈的第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
该确定模块730还用于根据该第二级PMI确定第二级预编码矩阵；
其中，反馈该第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000088
其中，W1是根据该第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2…gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2…g'M]，W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
可选地，该第一级预编码码本中的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000089
满足：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000090
其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000091
其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且S≤N。
可选地，该发送模块710还用于发送该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示该第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于该终端确定该第二级PMI。
根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置700可对应于根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法中的基站，并且，该用于确定预编码矩阵的装置700中的各模块和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现图4至图6中的各方法的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
因此，本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置，通过发送各个维度的参考信号，以获取终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，该空间相关矩阵信息能够准确地反映信道在各个维度的空间相关性。并基于空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而实现三维预编码。并且，经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码后的参考信号能够更加准确和灵活地实现小区级的空间划分，自适应地将信号波束指向小区内的一个或多个主要的用户方向，从而能够提高信道容量，提升系统性能。
图8是根据本申请另一实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置800的示意性框图。如图8所示，该装置800包括：接收模块810、处理模块820和发送模块830。
其中，该接收模块810用于接收基站发送的多组第一参考信号，该多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，该多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于该终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
该处理模块820用于基于该多组第一参考信号估计该空间相关矩阵信息；
该发送模块830用于向该基站发送该空间相关矩阵信息，该空间相关矩阵信息用于确定第一级预编码矩阵。
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，该接收模块810还用于接收该基站发送的码本参数信息，该码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，该基站和该终端均预存有该多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
该处理模块820具体用于基于该多组第一参考信号和该码本参数信息，估计该空间相关矩阵信息。
可选地，该多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，该多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，该统一的结构形式为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000092
其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，该接收模块810还用于接收该基站发送的与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，该基站和该终端均预存有该与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及该多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
该处理模块820具体用于基于该多组第一参考信号和该码本类型信息，估计该空间相关矩阵信息。
可选地，该与多个维度对应的多个码本包括第一码本和第二码本，第一码本是为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，该第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，该第一维度为垂直单极化维度，该第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，该第一维度为水平单极化维度，该第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
其中，该第一码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000093
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000094
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000095
ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000096
0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为该单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，该单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
该第二码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000097
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000098
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000099
ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000100
0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，n2为该交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，该交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
可选地，该接收模块810还用于接收该基站发送的经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，该至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
该处理模块820还用于基于该至少一个第二参考信号，确定第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
该发送模块830还用于向该基站发送该第二级PMI，该第二级PMI用于该基站确定第二级预编码矩阵；
其中，反馈该第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000101
其中，W1是根据该第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2…gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2…g'M]，W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
可选地，该第一级预编码码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000102
满足：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000103
其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000104
其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且有S≤N。
可选地，该接收模块810还用于接收该基站发送的该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示该第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型；
该处理模块820具体用于根据该第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，确定该第二级PMI。
根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置800可对应于根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法中的终端，并且，该用于确定预编码矩阵的装置800中的各模块和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现图4至图6中的各方法的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
因此，本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置，通过接收基站发送各个维度的参考信号，基于该各个维度的参考信号，向基站反馈空间相关矩阵信息，该空间相关矩阵信息能够准确地反映信道在各个维度的空间相关性。基站基于该空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而实现三维预编码。并且，经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码后的参考信号能够更加准确和灵活地实现小区级的空间划分，自适应地将信号波束指向小区内的一个或多个主要的用户方向，从而能够提高信道容量，提升系统性能。
以上，结合图7和图8详细说明了根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置。以下，结合图9和图10详细说明根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的设备。
图9是根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的设备20的示意性框图。如图9所示，该设备20包括：接收器21、发送器22、处理器23、存储器24和总线系统25。其中，接收器21、发送器22、处理器22和存储器24通过总线系统25相连，该存储器24用于存储指令，该处理器23用于执行该存储器24存储的指令，以控制接收器21接收信号，并控制发送器22发送信号。
其中，该发送器22用于发送多组第一参考信号，该多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，该多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
该接收器21用于接收终端基于该多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息；
该处理器23用于根据该接收器21接收到的该空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵。
应理解，本申请实施例中的处理器可以是一种集成电路芯片，具有信号的处理能力。在实现过程中，上述方法实施例的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。上述的处理器可以是中央处理单元(Central Processing Unit，CPU)、该处理器还可以是其他通用处理器、数字信号处理器(Digital Signal Processor，DSP)、专用集成电路(Application Specific Integrated Circuit，ASIC)、现成可编程门阵列(Field Programmable Gate Array，FPGA)或者其他可编程逻辑器件、分立门或者晶体管逻辑器件、分立硬件组件。可以实现或者执行本申请实施例中的公开的各方法、步骤及逻辑框图。通用处理器可以是微处理器或者该处理器也可以是任何常规的处理器等。结合本申请实施例所公开的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件译码处理器执行完成，或者用译码处理器中的硬件及软件器组合执行完成。软件器可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。
还应理解，本申请实施例中的存储器可以是易失性存储器或非易失性存储器，或可包括易失性和非易失性存储器两者。其中，非易失性存储器可以是只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、可编程只读存储器(Programmable ROM，PROM)、可擦除可编程只读存储器(Erasable PROM，EPROM)、电可擦除可编程只读存储器(Electrically EPROM，EEPROM)或闪存。易失性存储器可以是随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)，其用作外部高速缓存。通过示例性但不是限制性说明，许多形式的RAM可用，例如静态随机存取存储器(Static RAM，SRAM)、动态随机存取存储器(Dynamic RAM，DRAM)、同步动态随机存取存储器(Synchronous DRAM，SDRAM)、双倍数据速率同步动态随机存取存储器(Double Data Rate SDRAM，DDR SDRAM)、增强型同步动态随机存取存储器(Enhanced SDRAM，ESDRAM)、同步连接动态随机存取存储器(Synchlink DRAM，SLDRAM)和直接内存总线随机存取存储器(Direct Rambus RAM，DR RAM)。应注意，本文描述的系统和方法的存储器旨在包括但不限于这些和任意其它适合类型的存储器。
还应理解，该总线系统除包括数据总线之外，还可以包括电源总线、控制总线和状态信号总线等。但是为了清楚说明起见，在图中将各种总线都标为总线系统。
在实现过程中，上述方法的各步骤可以通过处理器中的硬件的集成逻辑电路或者软件形式的指令完成。结合本申请实施例所公开的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法的步骤可以直接体现为硬件处理器执行完成，或者用处理器中的硬件及软件器组合执行完成。软件器可以位于随机存储器，闪存、只读存储器，可编程只读存储器或者电可擦写可编程存储器、寄存器等本领域成熟的存储介质中。该存储介质位于存储器，处理器读取存储器中的信息，结合其硬件完成上述方法的步骤。为避免重复，这里不再详细描述。
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，该发送器22还用于发送码本参数信息，该码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，该基站和该终端均预存有多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
该接收器21具体用于接收该终端基于该多组第一参考信号和该码本参数信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
可选地，该多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，该多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，该统一的结构形式为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000105
其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，该发送器22还用于发送与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，该基站和该终端均预存有该与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及该多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
该接收器21具体用于接收该多组第一参考信号和该码本类型信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
可选地，该与多个维度对应的多个码本包括第一码本和第二码本，第一码本是为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，该第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，该第一维度为垂直单极化维度，该第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，该第一维度为水平单极化维度，该第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
其中，该第一码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000106
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000107
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000108
ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000109
0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为该单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，该单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
该第二码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000110
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000111
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000112
ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000113
0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为该交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，该交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
可选地，该发送器22还用于发送经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，该至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
该接收器21还用于接收该终端基于该至少一个第二参考信号反馈的第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
该确定器23还用于根据该第二级PMI确定第二级预编码矩阵；
其中，反馈该第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000114
其中，W1是根据该第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2…gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2…g'M]， W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
可选地，该第一级预编码码本中的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000115
满足：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000116
其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000117
其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且S≤N。
可选地，该发送器22还用于发送该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示该第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于该终端确定该第二级PMI。
根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的设备20可对应于根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法中的基站，并且，该用于确定预编码矩阵的设备20中的各模块和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现图4至图6中的各方法的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
因此，本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的设备，通过发送各个维度的参考信号，以获取终端反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，该空间相关矩阵信息能够准确地反映信道在各个维度的空间相关性。并基于空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而实现三维预编码。并且，经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码后的参考信号能够更加准确和灵活地实现小区级的空间划分，自适应地将信号波束指向小区内的一个或多个主要的用户方向，从而能够提高信道容量，提升系统性能。
图10是根据本申请另一实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的设备30的另一示意性框图。如图10所示，该设备30包括：接收器31、发送器32、处理器33、存储器34和总线系统35。其中，接收器31、发送器32、处理器32和存储器34通过总线系统35相连，该存储器34用于存储指令，该处理器33用于执行该存储器34存储的指令，以控制接收器31接收信号，并控制发送器32发送信号。
其中，该接收器31用于接收基站发送的多组第一参考信号，该多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，该多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于该终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
该处理器33用于基于该多组第一参考信号估计该空间相关矩阵信息；
该发送器32用于向该基站发送该空间相关矩阵信息，该空间相关矩阵信息用于确定第一级预编码矩阵。
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，该接收器31还用于接收该基站发送的码本参数信息，该码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对 应的码本参数组，其中，该基站和该终端均预存有该多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
该处理器33具体用于基于该多组第一参考信号和该码本参数信息，估计该空间相关矩阵信息。
可选地，该多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，该多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，该统一的结构形式为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000118
其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
可选地，该空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，该接收器31还用于接收该基站发送的与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，该基站和该终端均预存有该与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及该多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
该处理器33具体用于基于该多组第一参考信号和该码本类型信息，估计该空间相关矩阵信息。
可选地，该与多个维度对应的多个码本包括第一码本和第二码本，第一码本是为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，该第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，该第一维度为垂直单极化维度，该第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，该第一维度为水平单极化维度，该第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
其中，该第一码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000119
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000120
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000121
ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000122
0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为该单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，该单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
该第二码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000123
满足
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000124
其中，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000125
ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000126
0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为该交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，该交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
可选地，该接收器31还用于接收该基站发送的经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，该至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
该处理器33还用于基于该至少一个第二参考信号，确定第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
该发送器32还用于向该基站发送该第二级PMI，该第二级PMI用于该基站确定第二级预编码矩阵；
其中，反馈该第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000127
其中，W1是根据该第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2…gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2…g'M]，W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
可选地，该第一级预编码码本的码字
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000128
满足：
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000129
其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-000130
其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且有S≤N。
可选地，该接收器31还用于接收该基站发送的该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，该第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示该第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型；
该处理器33具体用于根据该第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，确定该第二级PMI。
根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置800可对应于根据本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的方法中的终端，并且，该用于确定预编码矩阵的装置800中的各模块和上述其他操作和/或功能分别为了实现图4至图6中的各方法的相应流程，为了简洁，在此不再赘述。
因此，本申请实施例的用于确定预编码矩阵的装置，通过接收基站发送各个维度的参考信号，基于该各个维度的参考信号，向基站反馈空间相关矩阵信息，该空间相关矩阵信息能够准确地反映信道在各个维度的空间相关性。基站基于该空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵，从而实现三维预编码。并且，经过该第一级预编码矩阵编码后的参考信号能够更加准确和灵活地实现小区级的空间划分，自适应地将信号波束指向小区内的一个或多个主要的用户方向，从而能够提高信道容量，提升系统性能。
应理解，在本申请的各种实施例中，上述各过程的序号的大小并不意味着执行顺序的先后，各过程的执行顺序应以其功能和内在逻辑确定，而不应对本申请实施例的实施过程构成任何限定。
本领域普通技术人员可以意识到，结合本文中所公开的实施例描述的各示例的单元及算法步骤，能够以电子硬件、或者计算机软件和电子硬件的结合来实现。这些功能究竟以硬件还是软件方式来执行，取决于技术方案的特定应用和设计约束条件。专业技术人员可以对每个特定的应用来使用不同方法来实现所描述的功能，但是这种实现不应认为超出本申请的范围。
所属领域的技术人员可以清楚地了解到，为描述的方便和简洁，上述描述的系统、装置和单元的具体工作过程，可以参考前述方法实施例中的对应过程，在此不再赘述。
在本申请所提供的几个实施例中，应该理解到，所揭露的系统、装置和方法，可以通过其它的方式实现。例如，以上所描述的装置实施例仅仅是示意性的，例如，所述单元的划分，仅仅为一种逻辑功能划分，实际实现时可以有另外的划分方式，例如多个单元或组件可以结合或者可以集成到另一个系统，或一些特征可以忽略，或不执行。另一点，所显示或讨论的相互之间的耦合或直接耦合或通信连接可以是通过一些接口，装置或单元的间接耦合或通信连接，可以是电性，机械或其它的形式。
所述作为分离部件说明的单元可以是或者也可以不是物理上分开的，作为单元显示的部件可以是或者也可以不是物理单元，即可以位于一个地方，或者也可以分布到多个网络单元上。可以根据实际的需要选择其中的部分或者全部单元来实现本实施例方案的 目的。
另外，在本申请各个实施例中的各功能单元可以集成在一个处理单元中，也可以是各个单元单独物理存在，也可以两个或两个以上单元集成在一个单元中。
所述功能如果以软件功能单元的形式实现并作为独立的产品销售或使用时，可以存储在一个计算机可读取存储介质中。基于这样的理解，本申请的技术方案本质上或者说对现有技术做出贡献的部分或者该技术方案的部分可以以软件产品的形式体现出来，该计算机软件产品存储在一个存储介质中，包括若干指令用以使得一台计算机设备(可以是个人计算机，服务器，或者网络设备等)执行本申请各个实施例所述方法的全部或部分步骤。而前述的存储介质包括：U盘、移动硬盘、只读存储器(Read-Only Memory，ROM)、随机存取存储器(Random Access Memory，RAM)、磁碟或者光盘等各种可以存储程序代码的介质。
以上所述，仅为本申请的具体实施方式，但本申请的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉本技术领域的技术人员在本申请揭露的技术范围内，可轻易想到变化或替换，都应涵盖在本申请的保护范围之内。因此，本申请的保护范围应以所述权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    基站发送多组第一参考信号，所述多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，所述多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
    接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息；
    根据所述空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，以及，
    在所述接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息之前，所述方法还包括：
    发送码本参数信息，所述码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
    所述接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，包括：
    接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本参数信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，所述统一的结构形式为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100001
    其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，以及，
    在所述接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息之前，所述方法还包括：
    发送与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及所述多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
    所述接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的空间相关矩阵信息，包括：
    接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本类型信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与多个维度对应的多个码本包括 第一码本和第二码本，第一码本为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第一维度为垂直单极化维度，所述第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，所述第一维度为水平单极化维度，所述第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
    其中，所述第一码本的码字满足
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100003
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100004
    ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100005
    0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为所述单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，所述单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
    所述第二码本的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100006
    满足
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100007
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100008
    ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100009
    0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为所述交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，所述交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
  6. 根据权利要求1至5中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述根据所述空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预编码矩阵之后，所述方法还包括：
    发送经过所述第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，所述至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
    接收所述终端基于所述至少一个第二参考信号反馈的第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
    根据所述第二级PMI确定第二级预编码矩阵；
    其中，反馈所述第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100010
    其中，W1是根据所述第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2 … gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2 … g'M]，W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一级预编码码本中的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100011
    满足：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100012
    其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100013
    其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且S≤N。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述接收所述终端基于所述至少一个第二参考信号反馈的第二级PMI之前，所述方法还包括：
    发送所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示所述第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于所述终端确定所述第二级PMI。
  9. 一种用于确定预编码矩阵的方法，其特征在于，包括：
    终端接收基站发送的多组第一参考信号，所述多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，所述多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于所述终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
    基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵信息；
    向所述基站发送所述空间相关矩阵信息，所述空间相关矩阵信息用于确定第一级预编码矩阵。
  10. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，以及，
    在所述基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵之前，所述方法还包括：
    接收所述基站发送的码本参数信息，所述码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
    所述基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵，包括：
    基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本参数信息，估计所述空间相关矩阵信息。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的方法，其特征在于，所述多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，所述统一的结构形式为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100014
    其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
  12. 根据权利要求9所述的方法，其特征在于，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，以及，
    在所述基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵之前，所述方法还包括：
    接收所述基站发送的与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及所述多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
    所述基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵，包括：
    基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本类型信息，估计所述空间相关矩阵信息。
  13. 根据权利要求12所述的方法，其特征在于，所述与多个维度对应的多个码本包括第一码本和第二码本，第一码本为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第一维度为垂直单极化维度，所述第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，所述第一维度为水平单极化维度，所述第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
    其中，所述第一码本的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100015
    满足
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100016
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100017
    ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100018
    0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为所述单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，所述单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
    所述第二码本的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100019
    满足
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100020
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100021
    ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100022
    0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为所述交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，所述交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
  14. 根据权利要求9至13中任一项所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述向所述基站发送所述空间相关矩阵信息之后，所述方法还包括：
    接收所述基站发送的经过所述第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，所述至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
    基于所述至少一个第二参考信号，确定第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
    向所述基站发送所述第二级PMI，所述第二级PMI用于所述基站确定第二级预编码矩阵；
    其中，反馈所述第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100023
    其中，W1是根据所述第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2 … gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2 … g'M]，W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的方法，其特征在于，所述第一级预编码码本的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100024
    满足：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100025
    其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100026
    其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且有S≤N。
  16. 根据权利要求15所述的方法，其特征在于，在所述基于所述至少一个第二参考信号，确定第二级PMI之前，所述方法还包括：
    接收所述基站发送的所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示所述第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型；
    根据所述第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，确定所述第二级PMI。
  17. 一种用于确定预编码矩阵的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    发送模块，用于发送多组第一参考信号，所述多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，所述多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
    接收模块，用于接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号反馈的所述空间相关矩阵信息；
    确定模块，用于根据所述接收模块接收到的所述空间相关矩阵信息，确定第一级预 编码矩阵。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，
    所述发送模块还用于发送码本参数信息，所述码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
    所述接收模块具体用于接收所述终端基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本参数信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
  19. 根据权利要求18所述的装置，其特征在于，所述多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，所述统一的结构形式为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100027
    其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
  20. 根据权利要求17所述的装置，其特征在于，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，
    所述发送模块还用于发送与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及所述多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
    所述接收模块具体用于接收所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本类型信息反馈的空间相关矩阵的码字的索引。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的装置，其特征在于，所述与多个维度对应的多个码本包括第一码本和第二码本，第一码本为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第一维度为垂直单极化维度，所述第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，所述第一维度为水平单极化维度，所述第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
    其中，所述第一码本的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100028
    满足
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100029
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100030
    ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100031
    0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为所述单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，所述单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
    所述第二码本的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100032
    满足
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100033
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100034
    ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100035
    0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为所述交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，所述交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
  22. 根据权利要求17至21中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发送模块还用于发送经过所述第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，所述至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
    所述接收模块还用于接收所述终端基于所述至少一个第二参考信号反馈的第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
    所述确定模块还用于根据所述第二级PMI确定第二级预编码矩阵；
    其中，反馈所述第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100036
    其中，W1是根据所述第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2 … gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2 … g'M]， W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
  23. 根据权利要求22所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一级预编码码本中的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100037
    满足：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100038
    其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100039
    其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且S≤N。
  24. 根据权利要求23所述的装置，其特征在于，所述发送模块还用于发送所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示所述第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于所述终端确定所述第二级PMI。
  25. 一种用于确定预编码矩阵的装置，其特征在于，包括：
    接收模块，用于接收基站发送的多组第一参考信号，所述多组第一参考信号与天线阵列的多个维度一一对应，所述多组第一参考信号中的每组第一参考信号用于所述终端在所对应的维度上估计空间相关矩阵信息；
    处理模块，用于基于所述多组第一参考信号估计所述空间相关矩阵信息；
    发送模块，用于向所述基站发送所述空间相关矩阵信息，所述空间相关矩阵信息用于确定第一级预编码矩阵。
  26. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，
    所述接收模块还用于接收所述基站发送的码本参数信息，所述码本参数信息用于指示每个维度的空间相关矩阵对应的码本参数组，其中，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本；
    所述处理模块具体用于基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本参数信息，估计所述空间相关矩阵信息。
  27. 根据权利要求26所述的装置，其特征在于，所述多个维度包括：水平单极化维度、垂直单极化维度、交叉极化维度，所述多个维度的空间相关矩阵的码本有统一的结构形式，所述统一的结构形式为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100040
    其中，ρ表示天线阵列中相邻天线的相关系数，且ρ＝αejθ，0≤α≤1，0≤θ＜2π，α表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ表示天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，βi表示天线阵列中第i+1个天线与第1个天线的信道功率比值，且βi＞0，i∈[1，n-1]，且i为整数，n为天线阵列中天线端口的数量。
  28. 根据权利要求25所述的装置，其特征在于，所述空间相关矩阵信息包括空间相关矩阵的码字的索引，
    所述接收模块还用于接收所述基站发送的与多个维度对应的多个码本的码本类型信息，每个码本的码本类型信息用于指示对应维度的空间相关矩阵的估计所使用的码本，所述基站和所述终端均预存有所述与多个维度对应的多个码本，以及所述多个码本的码本类型与多个码本参数组的对应关系；
    所述处理模块具体用于基于所述多组第一参考信号和所述码本类型信息，估计所述空间相关矩阵信息。
  29. 根据权利要求28所述的装置，其特征在于，所述与多个维度对应的多个码本包括第一码本和第二码本，第一码本为第一维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第二码本为第二维度的空间相关矩阵的码本，所述第一维度为垂直单极化维度，所述第二维度为水平交叉极化维度，或者，所述第一维度为水平单极化维度，所述第二维度为垂直交叉极化维度；
    其中，所述第一码本的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100041
    满足
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100042
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100043
    ρ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100044
    0≤α1≤1，0≤θ1<2π，α1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ1表示单极化天线阵列中相邻天线端口的相位差，n1为所述单极化天线阵列中的天线端口数，所述单极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中相同极化方向的天线端口组成；
    所述第二码本的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100045
    满足
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100046
    其中，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100047
    ρ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相关系数，且
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100048
    0≤α2≤1，0≤θ2<2π，α2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的幅值差，θ2表示交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化相邻天线端口的相位差，β1，φ1以及β2表示两个极化方向天线端口之间的相关性，且有β1≥0，0≤φ1<2π以及β2>0，n2为所述交叉极化天线阵列中的同极化方向的天线端口数，所述交叉极化天线阵列由天线阵列中同一行或同一列中两个极化方向的天线端口组成。
  30. 根据权利要求25至29中任一项所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接收模块还用于接收所述基站发送的经过所述第一级预编码矩阵编码的至少一个第二参考信号，所述至少一个第二参考信号与至少一个空间方向一一对应；
    所述处理模块还用于基于所述至少一个第二参考信号，确定第二级预编码矩阵指示PMI；
    所述发送模块还用于向所述基站发送所述第二级PMI，所述第二级PMI用于所述基站确定第二级预编码矩阵；
    其中，反馈所述第二级PMI所使用的码本为：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100049
    其中，W1是根据所述第一级预编码矩阵确定，G1用于表示第一极化方向的一组基，G2用于表示第二极化方向的一组基，G1＝[g1 g2 … gM]，G2＝[g'1 g'2 … g'M]，W2中的非零元素的数量大于1，β、η为量化系数，α为极化方向之间的幅值差，θ为极化方向之间的相位差。
  31. 根据权利要求30所述的装置，其特征在于，所述第一级预编码码本的码字
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100050
    满足：
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100051
    其中，v1～vS是N×1维互不相同的列向量；或者，
    Figure PCTCN2017089120-appb-100052
    其中，v1～vS是N/S×1维列向量，N为天线阵列的天线端口数，S为发送经第一级预编码后的参考信号的天线端口数，且有S≤N。
  32. 根据权利要求31所述的装置，其特征在于，所述接收模块还用于接收所述基站发送的所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息，所述第一级预编码矩阵的指示信息用于指示所述第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型；
    所述处理模块具体用于根据所述第一级预编码矩阵的码本类型，确定所述第二级PMI。
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