WO2018015294A1 - Système et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un moteur à combustion interne - Google Patents

Système et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un moteur à combustion interne Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018015294A1
WO2018015294A1 PCT/EP2017/067856 EP2017067856W WO2018015294A1 WO 2018015294 A1 WO2018015294 A1 WO 2018015294A1 EP 2017067856 W EP2017067856 W EP 2017067856W WO 2018015294 A1 WO2018015294 A1 WO 2018015294A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
reaction chamber
exhaust gas
chamber
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2017/067856
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Norbert Lorenz Mergel
Original Assignee
Norbert Lorenz Mergel
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Norbert Lorenz Mergel filed Critical Norbert Lorenz Mergel
Publication of WO2018015294A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018015294A1/fr

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/10—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone
    • F02M25/12—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture adding acetylene, non-waterborne hydrogen, non-airborne oxygen, or ozone the apparatus having means for generating such gases
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
    • C01B3/02—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen
    • C01B3/04—Production of hydrogen or of gaseous mixtures containing a substantial proportion of hydrogen by decomposition of inorganic compounds, e.g. ammonia
    • C01B3/042—Decomposition of water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/22—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with coolers in the recirculation passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/34—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with compressors, turbines or the like in the recirculation passage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/35—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for cleaning or treating the recirculated gases, e.g. catalysts, condensate traps, particle filters or heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/36—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with means for adding fluids other than exhaust gas to the recirculation passage; with reformers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F01N13/0097—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series the purifying devices are arranged in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2390/00—Arrangements for controlling or regulating exhaust apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F01N3/2882—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices
    • F01N3/2889—Catalytic reactors combined or associated with other devices, e.g. exhaust silencers or other exhaust purification devices with heat exchangers in a single housing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M25/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding non-fuel substances or small quantities of secondary fuel to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture
    • F02M25/022—Adding fuel and water emulsion, water or steam
    • F02M25/032—Producing and adding steam
    • F02M25/035—Producing and adding steam into the charge intakes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M26/00—Engine-pertinent apparatus for adding exhaust gases to combustion-air, main fuel or fuel-air mixture, e.g. by exhaust gas recirculation [EGR] systems
    • F02M26/13—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories
    • F02M26/37—Arrangement or layout of EGR passages, e.g. in relation to specific engine parts or for incorporation of accessories with temporary storage of recirculated exhaust gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
    • F02M27/02—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by catalysts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system and a method for operating an internal combustion engine, wherein at least a partial flow of the exhaust gas flow is recirculated from an exhaust side of the internal combustion engine to a suction side of the internal combustion engine via a recirculation path with a reaction chamber to the internal combustion engine.
  • an internal combustion engine also referred to as an internal combustion engine or internal combustion engine
  • a mixture of fuel and air is burned to generate mechanical energy.
  • the exhaust gas generated in the combustion is discharged.
  • the exhaust gases contain, among others, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, unburned hydrocarbons and water.
  • DE 10 201 1 1 19 599 A1 or DE 10 2013 016 443 A1 referred to as reformer reaction chambers in which from a fuel-air mixture optionally with additional supply of exhaust gases and Water is generated a hydrogen-containing synthesis gas.
  • the synthesis gas can either be returned together with the fuel to the internal combustion engine or used in other ways.
  • a system for operating an internal combustion engine comprising a recirculation path arranged between the exhaust side and the intake side of the internal combustion engine for at least a partial flow of an exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine, a mixing chamber having a feed for hydrocarbonaceous fuel disposed in the recirculation path, is moved to the mixing chamber arranged reaction chamber with catalysts and a gas line system that connects the reaction chamber with the intake side of the engine, so that a gas flowing from the reaction chamber gas mixture is at least partially directly supplied to the engine, created, the reaction chamber at least partially designed as a heat exchanger and indirectly by means of a thermal energy the exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine can be heated, wherein an inlet for water and / or hydrogen is provided in front of or at the mixing chamber, in the Mixing chamber of at least the partial stream of the exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine, the supplied hydrocarbon-containing fuel and the supplied water and / or hydrogen, a gas mixture comprising a carbon component, such as carbon monoxide and
  • a method for operating an internal combustion engine in which at least a partial flow of an exhaust gas flow from the exhaust side of the internal combustion engine to the intake side of the internal combustion engine via a Return path with a mixing chamber and arranged after the mixing chamber reaction chamber in which catalysts are provided, is returned to the engine in gaseous form, wherein the reaction chamber is at least partially indirectly heated by a thermal energy of the exhaust stream of the engine, wherein the return path before or at the mixing chamber hydrocarbon-containing fuel and water and / or hydrogen are supplied, wherein in the mixing chamber at least a partial flow of the exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine, the supplied hydrocarbonaceous fuel and the supplied water and / or the supplied hydrogen to a gas mixture comprising a carbon component such as carbon monoxide and or carbon dioxide and / or hydrocarbon-containing fuel, and comprising a hydrogen component, such as water vapor and / or molecular hydrogen, are mixed, and wherein in the reaction With the use of the thermal energy of the exhaust gas stream and using the catalyst
  • At least a partial flow of the exhaust gas flow can be recirculated in the system according to the invention and / or the method according to the invention, so as to efficiently use chemically usable components present in the exhaust gas.
  • the system and / or method is / are both for the operation of an internal combustion engine provided in a motor vehicle as well as for an example provided in a combined heat and power plant internal combustion engine used to increase the efficiency of the internal combustion engine and reduce pollutant emissions.
  • the reaction chamber is designed in one embodiment such that a sabatizing process and / or a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are carried out in the reaction chamber.
  • a sabatizing process and / or a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are carried out in the reaction chamber.
  • other processes are also conceivable.
  • the selection of the necessary catalysts for this purpose is carried out by the skilled person, taking into account the fuel used and a desired fuel gas composition.
  • Catalysts used for the Sabatier process nickel or nickel alloys or even platinum group metals such as ruthenium are used in one embodiment.
  • Catalysts used for the Fischer-Tropsch process cobalt- and iron-containing in one embodiment
  • Catalysts used in one embodiment are ceramics, aluminum oxides, sintered compounds and temperature-stable metallic supports.
  • An oxygen is bound in carbon dioxide or water in an internal combustion engine combustion and expelled with the exhaust gas. This oxygen can be regenerated in the reaction chamber according to the invention for recovery in a subsequent combustion again. Therefore, with the system and method according to the invention less fresh air supply is required than in a conventional operation of an internal combustion engine. Depending on the fuel used and the amount of water added, it is conceivable to operate the internal combustion engine for a short time without additional supply of oxygen.
  • an internal combustion engine with an external lack of oxygen for example at altitudes or in mining mine environments, can be operated with undiminished power.
  • the hydrogen component used for the chemical reactions in the reaction chamber is exclusively hydrogen present in the hydrocarbon-containing fuel and / or the exhaust gas.
  • this hydrogen component can be obtained from the water vapor content of a partial flow of the exhaust gas flow which is not supplied to the return path or from excess water vapor content of the fuel gas mixture, advantageously via a corresponding condensate section.
  • the thus obtained hydrogen component is supplied to the mixing chamber.
  • an additional water source in particular a water tank is provided. The supply of water ensures that the reaction chamber operates with an excess of hydrogen, which further promotes the re-synthesis of a fuel gas mixture that can be utilized by the internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel used to operate the internal combustion engine is a carbonaceous, preferably liquid, fuel, such as gasoline, diesel, heavy fuel oil, fuel oil, etc.
  • the inventive system or method is operated in parallel with a conventional fuel supply system, with conventional fuel at the intake side along with in the reaction chamber synthesized fuel gas mixture is supplied. This mode of operation may be advantageous, for example, to more quickly reach an operating temperature that is necessary for the function of the reaction chamber.
  • the mixing chamber is designed in advantageous embodiments as a heat exchanger in order to form a gas mixture for the reaction chamber by indirectly using the thermal energy of the exhaust gas flow from the supplied materials.
  • the thermal energy present in the exhaust gas is preferably also used for the vaporization or gasification of the supplied fuel.
  • the hydrocarbons of the supplied fuel can already be cracked and isomerized in the mixing chamber.
  • a water supply system upstream of the mixing chamber comprising an evaporator chamber, wherein the evaporator chamber is designed to at least partially vaporize a supplied water in the evaporator chamber and / or to split it into hydrogen and oxygen.
  • additional catalysts are provided in the evaporator chamber, with the aid of which at least part of the water is split.
  • the evaporator chamber is arranged on an exhaust side of the internal combustion engine, in particular on an exhaust manifold of the internal combustion engine and connected to heat transfer this / this.
  • the existing in the exhaust gas thermal energy is not only used to supply energy for the reaction chamber, but also to evaporate with their help, the externally added water and split thermolytically or thermochemically.
  • the evaporator chamber is preferably located where the highest temperatures prevail on the engine outside of the combustion chamber, such as in the vicinity of the exhaust valves or on the exhaust manifold.
  • a distribution element is provided, by means of which an exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine can be subdivided into a main stream and at least one secondary stream, wherein the main stream of the exhaust gas can be fed to the reaction chamber to form the fuel gas mixture after it has previously heated the reaction chamber on the outside.
  • the at least one secondary flow or at least one secondary flow is used in advantageous embodiments for heating the mixing chamber.
  • the reaction chamber is configured to form a synthetic fuel gas mixture containing oxygen and hydrocarbons, such as methane, for the internal combustion engine.
  • the reaction chamber is in several, in particular in three, in Flow direction sequentially arranged process chambers divided, wherein in the process chambers different temperature levels can be realized and / or different catalysts are provided in the process chambers.
  • the reaction chamber is functionally divided into different process chambers.
  • the individual process chambers or subchambers of this reaction chamber are connected to one another by gas flows and can lie both parallel to one another and serially to one another.
  • a flow can be influenced, for example, by baffles.
  • the process chambers together form a main zone, wherein the reaction chamber is designed as a heat exchanger and also in one embodiment has a secondary zone materially separated from the main zone, through which an exhaust gas stream for heating the main zone is performed.
  • a heat insulation On an outside wall of the reaction chamber is a heat insulation, which should avoid a heat loss in the environment.
  • the thermal insulation is preferably designed individually for each process chamber so as to support the creation of a plurality of, but at least two, distinctly different temperature levels in the interior of the reaction chamber.
  • thermostable internals In the interior of the main chamber are preferably metallic or ceramic temperature-stable internals, in the form of designed as required grids, sheets, rods and tubes that form by their design and flexibility partly deceleration, partly acceleration sections, partly steering aids for the gas flow through the main chamber and thereby also to support the creation of several, but at least two, clearly delimited temperature stages and reaction zones in the interior of the reaction chamber.
  • These internals carry on their surfaces in advantageous embodiments catalysts or are made of catalytically active materials, wherein the design can also be made individually for each process chamber, so that on the catalysts or by these mediated chemical reactions can proceed in the process chambers of the main zone.
  • the reactions and catalysts to be established depend on the type of fuel with which the engine is to be operated, and are selected and arranged by those skilled in the art according to the state of the art and technology.
  • the main zone is designed and / or equipped in advantageous embodiments such that carried out in their steam reforming, the Sabatier-Senderens process, water gas shift reactions, syntheses according to Fischer and Tropsch and thermo-catalytic water splits become.
  • a fuel gas cooler between the outlet of the reaction chamber and the suction side of the internal combustion engine, wherein the fuel gas cooler preferably has an integrated gas storage, on which also a venting and pressure relief valve is provided.
  • a cooling system or more cooling systems can be used according to the prior art.
  • the fuel gas cooler is designed such that a branching of the gas stream takes place at the latest when entering the last cooler before the intake of the engine into several individual streams and then takes place in or immediately after the last cooler a new collection of the gas stream in a common gas storage
  • the gas storage is preferably designed with a device for collecting and removing condensation and / or a device for pressure equalization.
  • the gas storage is also preferably connected by means of a suitable gas line system with the engine so that each piston can suck depending on its clock required for combustion and kept ready in the gas storage gas.
  • a gas compressor is provided downstream in the return path to the reaction chamber. If present, the compressor sits in advantageous embodiments between the reaction chamber and the fuel gas cooler, so that the compressor receives the flowing gas stream from the reaction chamber and compressed to the subsequent fuel gas cooler emits again.
  • the kinetic energy of the exhaust gas is used to operate the compressor, wherein the compressor is driven by means disposed in the exhaust gas flow turbine. The turbine is arranged before or after a distribution element provided on the exhaust gas stream.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of a system according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment of the system according to the invention with exemplary embodiment of the gas flows
  • FIG 3 shows a third embodiment of the system according to the invention, expanded by a fuel gas compressor
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 each show an embodiment of a system 2 for operating the internal combustion engine 1 coupled to an internal combustion engine 1.
  • the same reference numerals are used for the same or similar components. A repeated description of the components is omitted.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 also referred to as engine for short, in one embodiment it is a conventional internal combustion engine which operates, for example, after the Otto process or after the diesel process.
  • the engine 1 has an intake side 10 and an exhaust gas side 12.
  • a fuel for operating the engine 1 is a carbonaceous, preferably liquid fuel, such as gasoline, diesel, heavy fuel oil, etc.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows a first embodiment of the system 2 comprising three essential components, namely a recirculation section 3, also referred to as exhaust gas recirculation, a reaction chamber 4 arranged in the recirculation section 3 and a mixing chamber 6 arranged in the recirculation section 3.
  • a recirculation section 3 also referred to as exhaust gas recirculation
  • reaction chamber 4 arranged in the recirculation section 3
  • a mixing chamber 6 arranged in the recirculation section 3.
  • a primary fuel and air is possible in a conventional manner via an injection system or a carburetor 1 1 on the suction side 10.
  • a first partial flow of the gas from the exhaust side 12 is recirculated, only a smaller second partial flow passes through an exhaust pipe 71 into the environment.
  • a proportion of the first partial flow to the second partial flow may i.a. regulated by a throttle valve 72.
  • the mixing chamber 6 and the reaction chamber 4 are flowed around by the exhaust gas for the purpose of heat transfer. Downstream, the first partial flow of the exhaust gas stream passes through the mixing chamber 6 and the reaction chamber 4.
  • the mixing chamber 6 has an inlet 5 for the supply of hydrocarbon-containing fuel. A supply of the fuel via the inlet 5 is possible in addition to or as an alternative to the supply on the suction side.
  • the mixing chamber 6 further has an inlet 80 for water and / or hydrogen.
  • the first partial stream of the exhaust gas stream receives fuel and / or water and / or hydrogen and is driven by the exhaust gas pressure into the reaction chamber 4.
  • the supplied gas mixture is chemically reacted by means of catalysts, so that a synthetic fuel gas mixture for the internal combustion engine 1 is formed.
  • the finished fuel gas is fed back directly into the intake tract 10.
  • the system 2 according to FIGS. 2 and 3 comprises in each case a return line 3 with a plurality of sections 30, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38 for at least one partial flow of the exhaust gas. It is understood that the illustrated sections 30, 32, 33, 34, 36, 38 are merely exemplary and a number, a course, an arrangement, etc. of the sections can be made suitable by the skilled person depending on the application.
  • a reaction chamber 4 is provided, wherein at least the partial flow of the exhaust gas flow guided back to the internal combustion engine via the return path 3 is guided through the reaction chamber 4.
  • the sections 36, 38 form a gas line system connecting the reaction chamber to the intake side of the internal combustion engine.
  • a fuel inlet 5 is further provided in each case.
  • the fuel inlet 5 is provided in the illustrated embodiments at an upstream or upstream of the reaction chamber 4 arranged mixing chamber 6.
  • the mixing chamber 6 the fuel is mixed with a partial stream of the exhaust gas flow supplied via the sections 32, 33 from preceding combustion cycles of the engine 1.
  • the fuel-off-gas mixture is supplied to the reaction chamber 4 via the section 34.
  • the reaction chamber 4 is at least partially designed as a heat exchanger with a main zone 40 in which take place the chemical reactions, and a separate secondary zone 42 and indirectly heated by means of a thermal energy of the exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the recirculation path 3 initially passes through a secondary zone 42 of the reaction chamber 4.
  • the secondary zone 42 is upstream of the main zone 40.
  • the main zone 40 is heated.
  • the partial flow of the exhaust gas is then the mixing chamber 6 and from this the main zone 40 supplied for a fuel gas mixture synthesis.
  • a heat insulation 44 is also provided, which will be discussed below.
  • the fuel is evaporated before being fed to the reaction chamber 40.
  • the mixing chamber 6 is also divided for this purpose as a heat exchanger into a main zone 60, in which the supplied fuel is mixed with the partial flow of the exhaust stream, and a secondary zone 62, is passed through which a heat-conducting partial flow of the exhaust gas.
  • a distribution element 7 is provided, by means of which the exhaust gas stream of the internal combustion engine 1 is subdivided into a main stream fed to the recirculation line 3 and a secondary stream branched off from it.
  • the main flow of the exhaust gas is supplied via the main zone 60 of the mixing chamber 6 of the main zone 40 of the reaction chamber 4 to form the fuel gas mixture.
  • the secondary flow can be used for heating the mixing chamber 6, wherein the secondary flow for this purpose by means of a line section 70 of the secondary zone 62 of the mixing chamber 6 can be fed. After heating the secondary zone 62, the secondary stream 62 is discharged via the exhaust pipe 71 into the environment.
  • the representation of the heat exchanger is merely exemplary.
  • the secondary zones 42, 62 surround the main zones 40, 60
  • embodiments are conceivable in which the main zones surround the secondary zones and / or the main zone or the secondary zone run in meandering fashion.
  • the recirculation section 3 additionally has an inlet 80 provided for the mixing of water vapor and / or hydrogen at the mixing chamber 6.
  • the mixing chamber 6 in the illustrated embodiment an inlet 81 for a pure water supply.
  • a reaction chamber 4 upstream water supply system 8 comprising an evaporator chamber 82 is provided.
  • the evaporator chamber 82 is arranged on an exhaust gas side 12 of the internal combustion engine 1, in particular on an exhaust manifold, not shown, of the internal combustion engine 1 and with this / this heat transfer connected. Due to the waste heat of the internal combustion engine 1, a water supplied to the evaporator chamber 82 at an inlet 84 is at least partially evaporated, so that the mixing chamber 6 is supplied via the inlet 80, a water vapor mixture.
  • the evaporator chamber 82 is alternatively or additionally designed such that even in the evaporator chamber 82, the added water is at least partially split into hydrogen and oxygen.
  • the evaporator chamber 82 is designed in advantageous embodiments as a thermolysis cell, in which case catalysts are additionally used.
  • a fuel gas cooler 9 is further provided between the outlet of the reaction chamber 4 and the suction side 10 of the internal combustion engine 1.
  • the fuel gas flow is split into partial flows for improved cooling.
  • the fuel gas cooler 9 has an integrated gas storage 90.
  • excess water vapor present in the fuel gas mixture is preferably condensed and removed. The water thus obtained is preferably recycled and reused.
  • the system 2 can additionally have one or more connections 20, 22, 24 for an air supply.
  • a fuel can be supplied in parallel to the supply to the mixing chamber 6 via a conventional device 1 1 in addition to the suction side.
  • a conventional device 1 1 in addition to the suction side.
  • Fuel is then supplied exclusively via the mixing zone 6.
  • a compressor 100 is additionally provided downstream of the reaction chamber 4 in the return path 3, wherein the compressor 100 is driven by means of a turbine 101 arranged in the first section 30.
  • the reaction chamber 4 of the system 2 is designed, as mentioned, to use the thermal energy of the exhaust gas flow from the fuel-exhaust gas mixture comprising a carbon component, such as carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide, and a hydrogen component, such as water vapor and / or or molecular hydrogen, forming a synthetic fuel gas, for example methane, and regenerated oxygen by converting the carbon monoxide and / or carbon dioxide present in the exhaust gas, which are then fed into the internal combustion engine 1.
  • catalysts for desired chemical reactions are preferably provided for this purpose.
  • a heating of the reaction chamber 4 takes place in the embodiments shown in FIGS. 2 and 3 via one of the secondary zone 42 of the reaction chamber 4 supplied exhaust gas stream.
  • the illustrated reaction chamber 4, more precisely the main zone 40 of the reaction chamber 4, is subdivided into a plurality of process chambers 45, 46, 47, arranged in the flow direction one after another, whereby different temperature stages can be realized in the process chambers 45, 46, 47 and / or in the process chambers 45, 46, 47
  • Process chambers 45, 46, 47 different catalysts are provided so that run in the process chambers 45, 46, 47 different chemical processes.
  • the process chambers 45, 46, 47 are fluidly connected to one another for the purpose of a continuous, free gas flow and are arranged parallel to one another or else serially one after the other as required.
  • cracking, reforming and ionization take place in the process chambers 45, 46, 47, the desired chemical processes being carried out according to the fuel used (gasoline, diesel, Heavy oils, waste oils, etc.) and the desired fuel gas.
  • the temperature levels can be influenced by suitable guidance of the exhaust gas flow, by active or passive cooling and / or the intended heat insulation. Due to suitable exhaust gas routing, a temperature in a process chamber 47 arranged at the outlet is advantageously highest, in which process chamber 47 a water which may possibly be present in the gas mixture is split into hydrogen and oxygen. However, the temperature is chosen so that an already synthesized hydrocarbon, such as an already synthesized methane, is no longer split.
  • 4 schematically shows a section through a reaction chamber 4 with a main zone 40 divided here into three process chambers 45, 46, 47 and a secondary zone 42 materially separated therefrom.
  • the three process chambers 45, 46, 47 are consecutively of one continuous Gas mixture flows through 31, which receives its flow energy from the exhaust pressure ago, since it consists in volume predominantly of exhaust gas.
  • a catalyst support 450, 460, 470 is provided in each case.
  • each process chamber 45, 46, 47 has an individualized heat insulation 44.
  • the design of the catalyst supports 450, 460, 470 and the design of the thermal insulation are dependent on the desired chemical processes.
  • the catalysts are preferably selected such that a sabatizing process or a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis are carried out in the process chambers 45, 46, 47.
  • a reaction chamber more preferably from other processes, such as a thermal-catalytic cleavage of water, cleavage and isomerization of hydrocarbons, steam reforming, provision of synthesis gas, water gas shift reaction.
  • the primary fuel and exhaust gases used are supplied from preceding combustion cycles of the engine 1, water and / or hydrogen and possibly air to the mixing chamber 6.
  • the supplied substances - if not already present as gas or vapor - are converted into steams and / or gases with the supply of heat and pressure.
  • the gas-vapor mixture thus obtained is fed to the reaction chamber 4.
  • the supplied gas-vapor mixture is converted into a fuel gas mixture for the engine 1, and from the exhaust gas, a secondary fuel for the engine 1 is newly synthesized while oxygen is also regenerated.
  • the fuel gas mixture is supplied to the engine 1 at its suction side 10. At least one partial flow of the exhaust gas, the main flow, is thereby continuously circulated and only a quantitatively small secondary flow 70, 62 is discharged to the environment.
  • the design of the reaction chamber 4 depends inter alia on the type of additionally supplied fuel. On the type of fuel and the desired composition of the newly synthesized fuel gas further depends on whether and where further outside air into the system. 2 a supply is as shown, but only in rare cases, for example in the mixing chamber 6, immediately after the mixing chamber 6 or following the reaction chamber 4 possible. Or a conventional air supply of the internal combustion engine 1 is maintained.
  • the fuel generated in the reaction chamber 4 is gaseous.
  • the internal combustion engine is operated as a gas engine and the fuel intake is advantageously integrated into the return path.
  • a provided in a conventional operation of an internal combustion engine carburetor or injection system can therefore be omitted in the operation of the engine according to the invention.
  • it is conceivable to provide the system in parallel with existing fuel carburetor and injection systems for example, for a quick start, cold start and / or interval operation on a conventional operation to change.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust-Gas Circulating Devices (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système et un procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un moteur à combustion interne, au moins une partie d'un flux de gaz d'échappement à partir du côté gaz d'échappement (12) du moteur à combustion interne (1) jusqu'au côté d'admission (10) du moteur à combustion interne (10) étant réintroduite sous forme gazeuse dans le moteur à combustion interne par le biais d'une section de recirculation (3) comprenant une chambre de mélange (6) et une chambre de réaction (4) disposée après la chambre de mélange (6), chambre de réaction dans laquelle sont situés des catalyseurs, la chambre de réaction (4) étant chauffée au moins dans certaines zones indirectement au moyen d'une énergie thermique du flux de gaz d'échappement du moteur à combustion interne (1), du carburant contenant des hydrocarbures et de l'eau et/ou de l'hydrogène étant introduits dans la section de recirculation (3) avant la chambre de mélange (6) ou au niveau de celle-ci, au moins la partie du flux de gaz d'échappement du moteur à combustion interne (1), le carburant contenant des hydrocarbures introduit et l'eau introduite et/ou l'hydrogène introduit étant mélangés dans la chambre de mélange (6) pour produire un mélange gazeux comportant un composant carboné, tel que le monoxyde de carbone et/ou le dioxyde de carbone et/ou du carburant contenant des hydrocarbures, et comportant un composant contenant de l'hydrogène, tel que de la vapeur d'eau et/ou de l'hydrogène moléculaire, et un mélange combustible gazeux synthétique pour le moteur à combustion interne étant formé dans la chambre de réaction (4), en utilisant l'énergie thermique du flux de gaz d'échappement et en utilisant les catalyseurs, à partir du mélange gazeux en transformant le monoxyde de carbone et/ou le dioxyde de carbone présent dans les gaz d'échappement et en transformant le carburant contenant des hydrocarbures ajouté, lequel mélange combustible gazeux contient de l'oxygène régénéré et des hydrocarbures nouvellement synthétisés.
PCT/EP2017/067856 2016-07-20 2017-07-14 Système et procédé permettant de faire fonctionner un moteur à combustion interne WO2018015294A1 (fr)

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DE102016008835.4 2016-07-20
DE102016008835.4A DE102016008835A1 (de) 2016-07-20 2016-07-20 Integrierte Abgasverwertungs - und Kraftstoffvergasungsanlage für Verbrennungsmotoren aller Art

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Cited By (1)

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FR3102514A1 (fr) * 2019-10-28 2021-04-30 Ecosoftec Moteur à faible émission de particules

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AT521165B1 (de) * 2018-02-15 2019-11-15 Avl List Gmbh Motoranordnung und verfahren zum betreiben

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DE112008001062T5 (de) 2007-05-01 2010-03-18 NxtGen Emission Controls Inc., Vancouver Kompakter Reformer
FR2960915A1 (fr) * 2010-06-03 2011-12-09 Renault Sa Moteur a combustion interne alimente en carburant muni d'un circuit de recirculation des gaz d'echappement a basse pression et d'un systeme de production d'hydrogene supplementaire.
WO2013063052A1 (fr) 2011-10-24 2013-05-02 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Réduction des émissions provenant de sources mobiles par conversion embarquée du dioxyde de carbone en carburant
DE102011119599A1 (de) 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Kurt Imren Yapici Adsorbertrocknung
DE102013016443A1 (de) 2012-10-24 2014-04-24 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Verbrennungsmotor-Reformer-Anlage

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DE2103008A1 (de) 1971-01-22 1972-08-03 Siemens Ag Verfahren zum Betrieb von Verbrennungs kraftmaschinen
DE19728353C1 (de) * 1997-07-03 1998-09-24 Daimler Benz Ag Brennkraftmaschine mit einem Abgasturbolader
DE19852373A1 (de) 1998-11-13 2000-05-18 Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag Verfahren zur Beseitigung von Kohlendioxid aus dem Abgas einer Verbrennungskraftmaschine
FR2839583A1 (fr) * 2002-05-10 2003-11-14 Bosch Gmbh Robert Installation de piles a combustible et vehicule equipe d'une telle installation
EP1688608A1 (fr) * 2005-01-11 2006-08-09 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles SA Circuit de recirculation des gaz d'echappement
DE112008001062T5 (de) 2007-05-01 2010-03-18 NxtGen Emission Controls Inc., Vancouver Kompakter Reformer
FR2928700A1 (fr) * 2008-03-12 2009-09-18 Peugeot Citroen Automobiles Sa Circuit de recirculation des gaz d'echappement pour moteur a combustion interne et moteur a combustion interne comprenant un tel circuit
FR2960915A1 (fr) * 2010-06-03 2011-12-09 Renault Sa Moteur a combustion interne alimente en carburant muni d'un circuit de recirculation des gaz d'echappement a basse pression et d'un systeme de production d'hydrogene supplementaire.
WO2013063052A1 (fr) 2011-10-24 2013-05-02 Saudi Arabian Oil Company Réduction des émissions provenant de sources mobiles par conversion embarquée du dioxyde de carbone en carburant
DE102011119599A1 (de) 2011-11-29 2013-05-29 Kurt Imren Yapici Adsorbertrocknung
DE102013016443A1 (de) 2012-10-24 2014-04-24 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Og Verbrennungsmotor-Reformer-Anlage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR3102514A1 (fr) * 2019-10-28 2021-04-30 Ecosoftec Moteur à faible émission de particules
WO2021083965A1 (fr) * 2019-10-28 2021-05-06 Ecosoftec Moteur à faible émission de particules

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